P. Ansquer, R. Al-haj-khaled, P. Cruz, J. Theau, O. Therond et al., Characterizing and predicting plant phenology in species-rich grasslands, Grass and Forage Science, vol.64, pp.57-70, 2009.

M. Bernard-verdier, Structure et assemblage des communautés végétales de parcours des Grands Causses : approche fonctionnelle, 2012.

K. Boege and R. J. Marquis, Facing herbivory as you grow up: the ontogeny of resistance in plants, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.20, pp.441-448, 2005.

K. Bolmgren and P. D. Cowan, Time-size tradeoffs: a phylogenetic comparative study of flowering time, plant height and seed mass in a north-temperate flora, Oikos, vol.117, pp.424-429, 2008.

R. Bonhomme, Bases and limits to using 'degree. day' units, European journal of agronomy, vol.13, pp.1-10, 2000.

D. Briske, Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: a functional interpretation. The ecology and management of grazing systems, pp.37-67, 1996.

P. Calow, Towards a definition of functional ecology, Functional Ecology, vol.1, pp.57-61, 1987.

A. Catorci, S. Cesaretti, R. Gatti, and F. Tardella, Trait-related flowering patterns in submediterranean mountain meadows, Plant Ecology, vol.213, pp.1315-1328, 2012.

B. F. Chabot and D. J. Hicks, The ecology of leaf life spans, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.13, pp.229-259, 1982.

N. Chiariello, Phenology of California grasslands. Grassland structure and function, pp.47-58, 1989.

M. Choong, What makes a leaf tough and how this affects the pattern of Castanopsis fissa leaf consumption by caterpillars, Functional Ecology, pp.668-674, 1996.

I. Chuine, Why does phenology drive species distribution?, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.365, pp.3149-3160, 2010.

P. Coley, Effects of plant growth rate and leaf lifetime on the amount and type of antiherbivore defense, Oecologia, vol.74, pp.531-536, 1988.

P. D. Coley and J. Barone, Herbivory and plant defenses in tropical forests, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.27, pp.305-335, 1996.

P. D. Coley, J. P. Bryant, and F. S. Chapin, Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense, Science, vol.230, pp.895-899, 1985.

J. M. Craine, E. M. Wolkovich, E. Gene-towne, and S. W. Kembel, Flowering phenology as a functional trait in a tallgrass prairie, New Phytologist, vol.193, pp.673-682, 2012.

T. J. Davies, E. M. Wolkovich, N. J. Kraft, N. Salamin, J. M. Allen et al., Phylogenetic conservatism in plant phenology, Journal of Ecology, vol.101, pp.1520-1530, 2013.

S. Díaz, J. Kattge, J. H. Cornelissen, I. J. Wright, S. Lavorel et al., The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, vol.529, pp.167-171, 2016.

P. K. Diggle, Heteroblasty and the evolution of flowering phenologies, International Journal of Plant Sciences, vol.160, pp.123-134, 1999.

G. Du and W. Qi, Trade-offs between flowering time, plant height, and seed size within and across 11 communities of a QingHai-Tibetan flora, Plant Ecology, vol.209, pp.321-333, 2010.

M. Duru, R. A. Khaled, C. Ducourtieux, J. P. Theau, F. L. De-quadros et al., Do plant functional types based on leaf dry matter content allow characterizing native grass species and grasslands for herbage growth pattern? Plant Ecology, vol.201, p.421, 2009.

J. M. Dwyer and D. C. Laughlin, Constraints on trait combinations explain climatic drivers of biodiversity: The importance of trait covariance in community assembly, Ecology Letters, vol.20, pp.872-882, 2017.

J. Ehrlén, Selection on flowering time in a life-cycle context, Oikos, vol.124, pp.92-101, 2015.

O. Eriksson and J. Ehrlén, Phenological variation in fruit characteristics in vertebrate-dispersed plants, Oecologia, vol.86, pp.463-470, 1991.

J. Fargione and D. Tilman, Niche differences in phenology and rooting depth promote coexistence with a dominant C 4 bunchgrass, Oecologia, vol.143, pp.598-606, 2005.

M. Fenner, The phenology of growth and reproduction in plants. Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, vol.1, pp.78-91, 1998.

J. Forrest and A. J. Miller-rushing, Toward a synthetic understanding of the role of phenology in ecology and evolution, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.365, pp.3101-3112, 2010.

S. J. Franks, S. Sim, and A. E. Weis, Rapid evolution of flowering time by an annual plant in response to a climate fluctuation, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.104, pp.1278-1282, 2007.

G. T. Freschet, R. Aerts, and J. H. Cornelissen, A plant economics spectrum of litter decomposability, Functional Ecology, vol.26, pp.56-65, 2012.

E. Garnier, M. Navas, and K. Grigulis, Plant functional diversity: organism traits, community structure, and ecosystem properties, 2016.

O. Godoy, P. Castro-díez, F. Valladares, and M. Costa-tenorio, Different flowering phenology of alien invasive species in Spain: evidence for the use of an empty temporal niche?, Plant Biology, vol.11, pp.803-811, 2009.

J. Grainger, Studies upon the time of flowering of plants: anatomical, floristic and phenological aspects of the problem, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.26, pp.684-704, 1939.

J. Grime, Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory, American naturalist, pp.1169-1194, 1977.

J. Grime, K. Thompson, R. Hunt, J. Hodgson, J. Cornelissen et al., Integrated screening validates primary axes of specialisation in plants, pp.259-281, 1997.

J. P. Grime, Plant strategies, vegetation processes, and ecosystem properties, 2 edn, 2001.

S. E. Hampton and J. N. Parker, Collaboration and productivity in scientific synthesis, BioScience, vol.61, pp.900-910, 2011.

M. E. Hanley, B. B. Lamont, M. M. Fairbanks, and C. M. Rafferty, Plant structural traits and their role in anti-herbivore defence, Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, vol.8, pp.157-178, 2007.

F. Heydel and O. Tackenberg, How are the phenologies of ripening and seed release affected by species' ecology and evolution? Oikos, vol.126, pp.738-747, 2017.

J. G. Hodgson, P. J. Wilson, R. Hunt, J. P. Grime, and K. Thompson, Allocating C-S-R plant functional types: a soft approach to a hard problem, Oikos, vol.85, pp.282-294, 1999.

M. J. Holdsworth, L. Bentsink, and W. J. Soppe, Molecular networks regulating Arabidopsis seed maturation, after-ripening, dormancy and germination, New Phytologist, vol.179, pp.33-54, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02437.x
URL : https://nph.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2008.02437.x

G. E. Hutchinson, Cold spring harbor symposium on quantitative biology, Concluding remarks, vol.22, pp.415-427, 1957.

L. Jackson and J. Roy, Growth patterns of Mediterranean annual and perennial grasses under simulated rainfall regimes of southern France and California. Acta oecologica, Oecologia plantarum, vol.7, pp.191-212, 1986.

P. Jia, T. Bayaerta, X. Li, and G. Du, Relationships between flowering phenology and functional traits in eastern Tibet alpine meadow, Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, vol.43, pp.585-592, 2011.

S. D. Johnson, Climatic and Phylogenetic Determinants of Flowering Seasonality in the Cape Flora, Journal of Ecology, vol.81, pp.567-572, 1992.

K. Kitajima, A. M. Llorens, C. Stefanescu, M. V. Timchenko, P. W. Lucas et al., How cellulose-based leaf toughness and lamina density contribute to long leaf lifespans of shade-tolerant species, New Phytologist, vol.195, pp.640-652, 2012.

K. Kitajima and L. Poorter, Tissue-level leaf toughness, but not lamina thickness, predicts sapling leaf lifespan and shade tolerance of tropical tree species, New Phytologist, vol.186, pp.708-721, 2010.

G. W. Koch, S. C. Sillett, G. M. Jennings, and S. D. Davis, The limits to tree height, Nature, vol.428, p.851, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02417

J. P. Kochmer and S. N. Handel, Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology, Ecological Monographs, vol.56, pp.303-325, 1986.

D. C. Laughlin, The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.186-193, 2014.

D. C. Laughlin, J. J. Leppert, M. M. Moore, and C. H. Sieg, A multi-trait test of the leaf-height-seed plant strategy scheme with 133 species from a pine forest flora, Functional Ecology, vol.24, pp.493-501, 2010.

S. Lavorel, S. Díaz, J. H. Cornelissen, E. Garnier, S. P. Harrison et al., Plant functional types: are we getting any closer to the Holy Grail? Terrestrial ecosystems in a changing world, pp.149-164, 2007.

S. Lavorel and É. Garnier, Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail, Functional Ecology, vol.16, pp.545-556, 2002.

M. R. Leishman, I. J. Wright, A. T. Moles, and M. Westoby, The evolutionary ecology of seed size. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities, CAB International, pp.31-57, 2000.

F. Louault, V. Pillar, J. Aufrere, E. Garnier, and J. Soussana, Plant traits and functional types in response to reduced disturbance in a semi-natural grassland, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.16, pp.151-160, 2005.

P. W. Lucas, I. M. Turner, N. J. Dominy, and N. Yamashita, Mechanical defences to herbivory, Annals of botany, vol.86, pp.913-920, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/anbo.2000.1261
URL : https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/86/5/913/7984110/860913.pdf

E. N. Lughadha, R. Govaerts, I. Belyaeva, N. Black, H. Lindon et al., Counting counts: Revised estimates of numbers of accepted species of flowering plants, seed plants, vascular plants and land plants with a review of other recent estimates, Phytotaxa, vol.272, pp.82-88, 2016.

C. O. Marks and M. J. Lechowicz, Alternative designs and the evolution of functional diversity, The American Naturalist, vol.167, pp.55-66, 2005.

S. J. Mazer, Ecological, taxonomic, and life history correlates of seed mass among Indiana dune angiosperms, Ecological Monographs, vol.59, pp.153-175, 1989.

U. Meier, Growth stages of mono-and dicotyledonous plants : BBCH-Monograph, 1997.

R. Méndez-alonzo, F. W. Ewers, and L. Sack, Ecological variation in leaf biomechanics and its scaling with tissue structure across three mediterranean climate plant communities, Functional Ecology, vol.27, pp.544-554, 2013.

A. T. Moles, B. Peco, I. R. Wallis, W. J. Foley, A. G. Poore et al., ) Correlations between physical and chemical defences in plants: tradeoffs, syndromes, or just many different ways to skin a herbivorous cat, New Phytologist, vol.198, pp.252-263, 2013.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Latitude, seed predation and seed mass, Journal of Biogeography, vol.30, pp.105-128, 2003.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Seedling survival and seed size: a synthesis of the literature, Journal of Ecology, vol.92, pp.372-383, 2004.

H. Mooney, E. Dunn, F. Shropshire, and L. Song, Vegetation comparisons between the mediterranean climatic areas of California and Chile, Flora, vol.159, pp.480-496, 1970.

H. A. Mooney and E. L. Dunn, Convergent evolution of Mediterranean-climate evergreen sclerophyll shrubs, Evolution, vol.24, pp.292-303, 1970.

H. A. Mooney, R. J. Hobbs, J. Gorham, and K. Williams, Biomass accumulation and resource utilization in co-occurring grassland annuals, Oecologia, vol.70, pp.555-558, 1986.

T. Myking and O. Heide, Dormancy release and chilling requirement of buds of latitudinal ecotypes of Betula pendula and B. pubescens. Tree physiology, Network of Ecological and Climatological Timings Across Regions. nceas.988.17, vol.15, pp.697-704, 1995.

Y. Onoda, M. Westoby, P. B. Adler, A. M. Choong, F. J. Clissold et al., Global patterns of leaf mechanical properties, Ecology Letters, vol.14, pp.301-312, 2011.

C. Parmesan and G. Yohe, A globally coherent fingerprint of climate change impacts across natural systems, Nature, vol.421, pp.37-42, 2003.

S. Pau, E. M. Wolkovich, B. I. Cook, T. J. Davies, N. J. Kraft et al., Predicting phenology by integrating ecology, evolution and climate science, Global Change Biology, vol.17, pp.3633-3643, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2486.2011.02515.x

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, E. Garnier, S. Lavorel, H. Poorter et al., New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Australian Journal of Botany, 2013.

T. Petanidou, W. N. Ellis, N. S. Margaris, and D. Vokou, Constraints on flowering phenology in a phryganic, pp.607-620, 1995.

S. Pierce, G. Brusa, I. Vagge, and B. E. Cerabolini, Allocating CSR plant functional types: the use of leaf economics and size traits to classify woody and herbaceous vascular plants, Functional Ecology, vol.27, pp.1002-1010, 2013.

H. Poorter, Ü. Niinemets, A. Walter, F. Fiorani, and U. Schurr, A method to construct doseresponse curves for a wide range of environmental factors and plant traits by means of a metaanalysis of phenotypic data, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.61, pp.2043-2055, 2010.

R. B. Primack, Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.18, pp.409-430, 1987.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.409

S. Puijalon, T. J. Bouma, C. J. Douady, J. Van-groenendael, N. P. Anten et al., Plant resistance to mechanical stress: evidence of an avoidance-tolerance trade-off, New Phytologist, vol.191, pp.1141-1149, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00621076

B. Rathcke and E. P. Lacey, Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.16, pp.179-214, 1985.

C. Raunkiaer, The life forms of plants and statistical plant geography: being the collected papers of C, 1934.

P. B. Reich, The world-wide 'fast-slow' plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.275-301, 2014.

A. Roth-nebelsick, D. Uhl, V. Mosbrugger, and H. Kerp, Evolution and function of leaf venation architecture: a review, Annals of botany, vol.87, pp.553-566, 2001.

P. W. Rundel, M. T. Arroyo, R. M. Cowling, J. E. Keeley, B. B. Lamont et al., Mediterranean biomes: Evolution of their vegetation, floras, and climate, Evolution, and Systematics, vol.47, pp.383-407, 2016.

L. Sack and C. Scoffoni, Leaf venation: structure, function, development, evolution, ecology and applications in the past, present and future, New Phytologist, vol.198, pp.983-1000, 2013.

S. Sakai, Phenological diversity in tropical forests, Population Ecology, vol.43, pp.77-86, 2001.

G. Sarmiento and M. Monasterio, Life forms and phenology, Ecosystems of the World XIII. Tropical savannas, pp.79-108, 1983.

M. D. Schwartz, The allometry of seed production in herbaceous angiosperms, The American Naturalist, vol.139, pp.467-483, 1992.

B. Shipley, M. J. Lechowicz, I. Wright, and P. B. Reich, Fundamental trade-offs generating the worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Ecology, vol.87, pp.535-541, 2006.

J. Silvertown and D. M. Gordon, A framework for plant behavior, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.20, pp.349-366, 1989.

N. A. Slade, J. S. Horton, and H. A. Mooney, Yearly variation in the phenology of California annuals, American Midland Naturalist, pp.209-214, 1975.

C. Smith-ramírez, J. J. Armesto, and J. Figueroa, Flowering, fruiting and seed germination in Chilean rain forest myrtaceae: ecological and phylogenetic constraints, Plant Ecology, vol.136, pp.119-131, 1998.

T. Southwood, V. Brown, and P. Reader, Leaf palatability, life expectancy and herbivore damage, Oecologia, vol.70, pp.544-548, 1986.

S. Sun and L. E. Frelich, Flowering phenology and height growth pattern are associated with maximum plant height, relative growth rate and stem tissue mass density in herbaceous grassland species, Journal of Ecology, vol.99, pp.991-1000, 2011.

C. P. Van-schaik, J. W. Terborgh, and S. J. Wright, The Phenology of Tropical Forests: Adaptive Significance and Consequences for Primary Consumers, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.24, pp.353-377, 1993.

P. V. Van-soest, J. Robertson, and B. Lewis, Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and nonstarch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition, Journal of dairy science, vol.74, pp.3583-3597, 1991.

D. Vile, E. Garnier, B. Shipley, G. Laurent, M. Navas et al., Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves, Annals of botany, vol.96, pp.1129-1136, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00274237

D. Vile, B. Shipley, and E. Garnier, A structural equation model to integrate changes in functional strategies during old-field succession, Ecology, vol.87, pp.504-517, 2006.

C. Violle, M. Navas, D. Vile, E. Kazakou, C. Fortunel et al., Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos, vol.116, pp.882-892, 2007.

M. E. Visser and L. J. Holleman, Warmer springs disrupt the synchrony of oak and winter moth phenology, Proceedings of the Royal Society of London B: Biological Sciences, vol.268, pp.289-294, 2001.

D. Wardle, K. Bonner, and G. Barker, Linkages between plant litter decomposition, litter quality, and vegetation responses to herbivores, Functional Ecology, vol.16, pp.585-595, 2002.

E. Weiher, A. Werf, K. Thompson, M. Roderick, E. Garnier et al., Challenging Theophrastus: a common core list of plant traits for functional ecology, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.10, pp.609-620, 1999.

J. W. Westbrook, K. Kitajima, J. G. Burleigh, W. J. Kress, D. L. Erickson et al., What makes a leaf tough? Patterns of correlated evolution between leaf toughness traits and demographic rates among 197 shade-tolerant woody species in a Neotropical forest, The American Naturalist, vol.177, pp.800-811, 2011.

M. Westoby, A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme, Plant and Soil, vol.199, pp.213-227, 1998.

M. Westoby, D. S. Falster, A. T. Moles, P. A. Vesk, and I. J. Wright, Plant ecological strategies: some leading dimensions of variation between species, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.33, pp.125-159, 2002.

N. T. Wheelwright, Competition for dispersers, and the timing of flowering and fruiting in a guild of tropical trees, pp.465-477, 1985.

A. M. Wilczek, L. T. Burghardt, A. R. Cobb, M. D. Cooper, S. M. Welch et al., Genetic and physiological bases for phenological responses to current and predicted climates, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.365, pp.3129-3147, 2010.

E. M. Wolkovich and E. E. Cleland, Phenological niches and the future of invaded ecosystems with climate change, 2014.

E. M. Wolkovich and A. K. Ettinger, Back to the future for plant phenology research, New Phytologist, vol.203, pp.1021-1024, 2014.

I. J. Wright and K. Cannon, Relationships between leaf lifespan and structural defences in a lownutrient, sclerophyll flora, Functional Ecology, vol.15, pp.351-359, 2001.

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, J. H. Cornelissen, D. S. Falster, P. K. Groom et al., Modulation of leaf economic traits and trait relationships by climate, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.14, pp.411-421, 2005.

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.428, pp.821-827, 2004.

I. J. Wright, M. Westoby, and P. B. Reich, Convergence towards higher leaf mass per area in dry and nutrient-poor habitats has different consequences for leaf life span, Journal of Ecology, vol.90, pp.534-543, 2002.

J. C. Zadoks, T. T. Chang, and C. F. Konzak, A decimal code for the growth stages of cereals, Weed Research, vol.14, pp.415-421, 1974.

J. Aronson, L. Floc'h, E. David, J. Dhillion, S. Abrams et al., Restoration ecology studies at Cazarils (southern France): biodiversity and ecosystem trajectories in a mediterranean landscape, Landscape and Urban Planning, vol.41, pp.273-283, 1998.

H. Aschmann, Distribution and peculiarity of Mediterranean ecosystems, pp.11-19, 1973.

M. Bernard-verdier, M. Navas, M. Vellend, C. Violle, A. Fayolle et al., Community assembly along a soil depth gradient: contrasting patterns of plant trait convergence and divergence in a Mediterranean rangeland, Journal of Ecology, vol.100, pp.1422-1433, 2012.

I. Bumb, E. Garnier, D. Bastianelli, J. Richarte, L. Bonnal et al., Influence of management regime and harvest date on the forage quality of rangelands plants: the importance of dry matter content, AoB Plants, vol.8, p.45, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01594199

S. Chollet, S. Rambal, A. Fayolle, D. Hubert, D. Foulquié et al., Combined effects of climate, resource availability, and plant traits on biomass produced in a Mediterranean rangeland, Ecology, vol.95, pp.737-748, 2014.

P. Daget, Le bioclimat méditerranéen: caractères généraux, modes de caractérisation. Vegetatio, vol.34, pp.1-20, 1977.

M. Debussche, J. Lepart, and A. Dervieux, Mediterranean landscape changes: evidence from old postcards, Global Ecology and Biogeography, vol.8, pp.3-15, 1999.

E. Garnier, J. Cortez, G. Billès, M. Navas, C. Roumet et al., Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession, Ecology, vol.85, pp.2630-2637, 2004.

E. Kazakou, D. Vile, B. Shipley, C. Gallet, and E. Garnier, Co-variations in litter decomposition, leaf traits and plant growth in species from a Mediterranean old-field succession, Functional Ecology, vol.20, pp.21-30, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00293858

E. Kazakou, C. Violle, C. Roumet, M. L. Navas, D. Vile et al., Are trait-based species rankings consistent across data sets and spatial scales, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.25, pp.235-247, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01506287

F. Médail and N. Myers, Mediterranean Basin. Hotspots revisited: Earth's biologically richest and most endangered terrestrial ecoregions, Conservation International (Washington) & Agrupación Sierra, pp.144-147, 2004.

G. Molénat, D. Foulquie, P. Autran, J. Bouix, D. Hubert et al., Pour un élevage ovin allaitant performant et durable sur parcours: un système expérimental sur le Causse du Larzac, INRA Productions animales, vol.18, pp.323-338, 2005.

I. Nahal, Mediterranean climate from a biological viewpoint, Ecosystems of the World XI, 1981.

M. L. Navas, C. Roumet, A. Bellmann, G. Laurent, and E. Garnier, Suites of plant traits in species from different stages of a Mediterranean secondary succession, Plant Biology, vol.12, pp.183-196, 2010.

P. Quézel and F. Médail, Ecologie et biogéographie des forêts du bassin méditerranéen, 2003.

L. Sack, M. C. Ball, C. Brodersen, S. D. Davis, D. L. Des-marais et al., Plant hydraulics as a central hub integrating plant and ecosystem function: meeting report for 'Emerging Frontiers in Plant Hydraulics, Plant, cell & environment, vol.39, pp.2085-2094, 2015.

J. D. Thompson, Plant evolution in the Mediterranean, 2005.

D. Vile, B. Shipley, and E. Garnier, A structural equation model to integrate changes in functional strategies during old-field succession, Ecology, vol.87, pp.504-517, 2006.

R. =. ,

K. S. Bawa, H. Kang, and M. H. Grayum, Relationships among time, frequency, and duration of flowering in tropical rain forest trees, American Journal of Botany, vol.90, pp.877-887, 2003.

K. Bolmgren and P. D. Cowan, Time-size tradeoffs: a phylogenetic comparative study of flowering time, plant height and seed mass in a north-temperate flora, Oikos, vol.117, pp.424-429, 2008.

R. Bonhomme, Bases and limits to using 'degree. day' units, European journal of agronomy, vol.13, pp.1-10, 2000.

T. M. Crimmins, M. A. Crimmins, and C. D. Bertelsen, Onset of summer flowering in a 'Sky Island' is driven by monsoon moisture, New Phytologist, vol.191, pp.468-479, 2011.

P. Daget, Le bioclimat méditerranéen: analyse des formes climatiques par le système d'Emberger. Vegetatio, vol.34, pp.87-103, 1977.

T. J. Davies, E. M. Wolkovich, N. J. Kraft, N. Salamin, J. M. Allen et al., Phylogenetic conservatism in plant phenology, Journal of Ecology, vol.101, pp.1520-1530, 2013.

C. Dickinson and J. L. Dodd, Phenological pattern in the shortgrass prairie, American Midland Naturalist, vol.96, pp.367-378, 1976.

P. K. Diggle, Heteroblasty and the evolution of flowering phenologies, International Journal of Plant Sciences, vol.160, pp.123-134, 1999.

J. Ehrlén, Selection on flowering time in a life-cycle context, Oikos, vol.124, pp.92-101, 2015.

A. H. Fitter and R. S. Fitter, Rapid changes in flowering time in British plants, Science, vol.296, pp.1689-1691, 2002.

E. Garnier, M. Navas, and K. Grigulis, Plant functional diversity: organism traits, community structure, and ecosystem properties, 2016.

J. Grainger, Studies upon the time of flowering of plants: anatomical, floristic and phenological aspects of the problem, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.26, pp.684-704, 1939.

J. Grime, K. Thompson, R. Hunt, J. Hodgson, J. Cornelissen et al., Integrated screening validates primary axes of specialisation in plants, pp.259-281, 1997.

J. Herrera, Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Doñana, vol.68, pp.91-98, 1986.

F. Heydel and O. Tackenberg, How are the phenologies of ripening and seed release affected by species' ecology and evolution? Oikos, vol.126, pp.738-747, 2017.

D. W. Inouye, Effects of climate change on phenology, frost damage, and floral abundance of montane wildflowers, Ecology, vol.89, pp.353-362, 2008.

L. E. Jackson and L. Bliss, Phenology and water relations of three plant life forms in a dry treeline meadow, Ecology, vol.65, pp.1302-1314, 1984.

S. D. Johnson, Climatic and Phylogenetic Determinants of Flowering Seasonality in the Cape Flora, Journal of Ecology, vol.81, pp.567-572, 1992.

J. P. Kochmer and S. N. Handel, Constraints and competition in the evolution of flowering phenology, Ecological Monographs, vol.56, pp.303-325, 1986.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Latitude, seed predation and seed mass, Journal of Biogeography, vol.30, pp.105-128, 2003.

T. Petanidou, W. N. Ellis, N. S. Margaris, and D. Vokou, Constraints on flowering phenology in a phryganic, pp.607-620, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/2445419

R. B. Primack, Patterns of Flowering Phenology in Communities, Populations, Individuals, and Single Flowers. The Population Structure of Vegetation, Handbook of Vegetation Science, 1985.

R. B. Primack, Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.18, pp.409-430, 1987.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.18.1.409

B. Rathcke and E. P. Lacey, Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.16, pp.179-214, 1985.

P. B. Reich, The world-wide 'fast-slow' plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.275-301, 2014.

R. Roche, M. Jeuffroy, and B. Ney, Comparison of different models predicting the date of beginning of flowering in pea (Pisum sativum L.), Ecological Modelling, vol.118, pp.213-226, 1999.

M. D. Schwartz, . Springer, . Dordrecht, J. Segrestin, M. Bernard-verdier et al., Phenology: An integrative environmental science, 2003.

A. J. Sola and J. Ehrlén, Vegetative phenology constrains the onset of flowering in the perennial herb Lathyrus vernus, Journal of Ecology, vol.95, pp.208-216, 2007.

J. D. Thompson, Plant evolution in the Mediterranean, 2005.

J. D. Thomson, Skewed flowering distributions and pollinator attraction, Ecology, vol.61, pp.572-579, 1980.
DOI : 10.2307/1937423

H. Truong and C. Duthion, Time of flowering of pea (Pisum sativum L.) as a function of leaf appearance rate and node of first flower, Annals of botany, vol.72, pp.133-142, 1993.

P. Ansquer, R. Al-haj-khaled, P. Cruz, J. Theau, O. Therond et al., Characterizing and predicting plant phenology in species-rich grasslands, Grass and Forage Science, vol.64, pp.57-70, 2009.

K. Barto?, F. A. Bazzaz, D. D. Ackerly, and E. G. Reekie, Reproductive allocation in plants. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities, CAB International, vol.1, pp.1-29, 2000.

K. Bolmgren and P. D. Cowan, Time-size tradeoffs: a phylogenetic comparative study of flowering time, plant height and seed mass in a north-temperate flora, Oikos, vol.117, pp.424-429, 2008.

R. Bonhomme, Bases and limits to using 'degree. day' units, European journal of agronomy, vol.13, pp.1-10, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/s1161-0301(00)00058-7

A. Catorci, S. Cesaretti, R. Gatti, and F. Tardella, Trait-related flowering patterns in submediterranean mountain meadows, Plant Ecology, vol.213, pp.1315-1328, 2012.

N. Chiariello, Phenology of California grasslands. Grassland structure and function, pp.47-58, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-009-3113-8_5

D. Cohen, The optimal timing of reproduction, The American Naturalist, vol.110, pp.801-807, 1976.

W. Cornwell, I. Wright, J. Turner, V. Maire, M. Barbour et al., , 2017.

J. M. Craine, E. M. Wolkovich, E. Gene-towne, and S. W. Kembel, Flowering phenology as a functional trait in a tallgrass prairie, New Phytologist, vol.193, pp.673-682, 2012.

P. Daget, Le bioclimat méditerranéen: analyse des formes climatiques par le système d'Emberger. Vegetatio, vol.34, pp.87-103, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00054477

P. Daget, Le bioclimat méditerranéen: caractères généraux, modes de caractérisation. Vegetatio, vol.34, pp.1-20, 1977.

S. Díaz, J. Kattge, J. H. Cornelissen, I. J. Wright, S. Lavorel et al., The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, vol.529, pp.167-171, 2016.

M. Diekmann, Relationship between flowering phenology of perennial herbs and meteorological data in deciduous forests of Sweden, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.74, pp.528-537, 1996.

G. Du and W. Qi, Trade-offs between flowering time, plant height, and seed size within and across 11 communities of a QingHai-Tibetan flora, Plant Ecology, vol.209, pp.321-333, 2010.

J. Ehrlén, Selection on flowering time in a life-cycle context, Oikos, vol.124, pp.92-101, 2015.

O. Eriksson and J. Ehrlén, Phenological variation in fruit characteristics in vertebrate-dispersed plants, Oecologia, vol.86, pp.463-470, 1991.

J. Felsenstein, Phylogenies and the comparative method, The American Naturalist, vol.125, pp.1-15, 1985.

O. Flores, E. Garnier, I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, S. Pierce et al., An evolutionary perspective on leaf economics: phylogenetics of leaf mass per area in vascular plants, Ecology and Evolution, vol.4, pp.2799-2811, 2014.

J. Fox and S. Weisberg, Car: companion to applied regression, 2011.

E. Garnier, Growth analysis of congeneric annual and perennial grass species, Journal of Ecology, vol.80, pp.665-675, 1992.

E. Garnier, J. Cortez, G. Billès, M. Navas, C. Roumet et al., Plant functional markers capture ecosystem properties during secondary succession, Ecology, vol.85, pp.2630-2637, 2004.

J. Grime, Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory, American naturalist, pp.1169-1194, 1977.

C. R. Henderson, Best linear unbiased estimation and prediction under a selection model, Biometrics, pp.423-447, 1975.

F. Heydel and O. Tackenberg, How are the phenologies of ripening and seed release affected by species' ecology and evolution? Oikos, vol.126, pp.738-747, 2017.

T. Hothorn, F. Bretz, and P. Westfall, Simultaneous inference in general parametric models, Biometrical journal, vol.50, pp.346-363, 2008.

L. E. Jackson and L. Bliss, Phenology and water relations of three plant life forms in a dry treeline meadow, Ecology, vol.65, pp.1302-1314, 1984.

E. Kazakou, E. Garnier, M. Navas, C. Roumet, C. Collin et al., Components of nutrient residence time and the leaf economics spectrum in species from Mediterranean oldfields differing in successional status, Functional Ecology, vol.21, pp.235-245, 2007.

J. Kummerow, Comparative phenology of Mediterranean-type plant communities. Mediterranean-type ecosystems. The Role of Nutrients, pp.300-317, 1983.

D. C. Laughlin, The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.186-193, 2014.

M. J. Lechowicz, Phenology. The Earth System: biological and ecological dimensions of global environmental change, pp.461-465, 2002.

M. R. Leishman, I. J. Wright, A. T. Moles, and M. Westoby, The evolutionary ecology of seed size. Seeds: the ecology of regeneration in plant communities, CAB International, pp.31-57, 2000.

S. J. Mazer, Ecological, taxonomic, and life history correlates of seed mass among Indiana dune angiosperms, Ecological Monographs, vol.59, pp.153-175, 1989.

A. T. Moles and M. R. Leishman, The seedling as part of a plant's life history strategy. Seedling ecology and evolution, pp.217-238, 2008.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Latitude, seed predation and seed mass, Journal of Biogeography, vol.30, pp.105-128, 2003.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Seedling survival and seed size: a synthesis of the literature, Journal of Ecology, vol.92, pp.372-383, 2004.

H. A. Mooney, R. J. Hobbs, J. Gorham, and K. Williams, Biomass accumulation and resource utilization in co-occurring grassland annuals, Oecologia, vol.70, pp.555-558, 1986.

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, E. Garnier, S. Lavorel, H. Poorter et al., New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Australian Journal of Botany, 2013.

L. F. Pitelka, Energy allocations in annual and perennial Lupines (lupinus: Leguminosae), Ecology, vol.58, pp.1055-1065, 1977.

R. B. Primack, Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.18, pp.409-430, 1987.

H. Qian and Y. Jin, An updated megaphylogeny of plants, a tool for generating plant phylogenies and an analysis of phylogenetic community structure, Journal of Plant Ecology, vol.9, pp.233-239, 2016.

M. S. Rahman and S. Yoshida, Effect of water stress on grain filling in rice. Soil science and plant nutrition, vol.31, pp.497-511, 1985.

B. Rathcke and E. P. Lacey, Phenological patterns of terrestrial plants, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.16, pp.179-214, 1985.

L. J. Revell, 2012) phytools: an R package for phylogenetic comparative biology (and other things), Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.3, pp.217-223

M. D. Schwartz, . Springer, . Dordrecht, J. Segrestin, M. Bernard-verdier et al., Phenology: An integrative environmental science, 2003.

R. P. Skelton, A. G. West, and T. E. Dawson, Predicting plant vulnerability to drought in biodiverse regions using functional traits, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.112, pp.5744-5749, 2015.

J. D. Thompson, Plant evolution in the Mediterranean, 2005.

D. Vile, B. Shipley, and E. Garnier, A structural equation model to integrate changes in functional strategies during old-field succession, Ecology, vol.87, pp.504-517, 2006.

D. I. Warton, R. A. Duursma, D. S. Falster, and S. Taskinen, 2012) smatr 3-an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.3, pp.257-259

M. Westoby, A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme, Plant and Soil, vol.199, pp.213-227, 1998.

M. F. Willson, A. ;. Traveset, E. M. Wolkovich, and E. E. Cleland, The ecology of seed dispersal. Seeds. The Ecology of Regeneration in Plant Communities, CAB International, pp.85-110, 2000.

E. M. Wolkovich and A. K. Ettinger, Back to the future for plant phenology research, New Phytologist, vol.203, pp.1021-1024, 2014.

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.428, pp.821-827, 2004.

K. Y. Ang, P. W. Lucas, and H. T. Tan, Novel way of measuring the fracture toughness of leaves and other thin films using a single inclined razor blade, New Phytologist, vol.177, pp.830-837, 2008.

B. F. Chabot and D. J. Hicks, The ecology of leaf life spans, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.13, pp.229-259, 1982.

M. Choong, What makes a leaf tough and how this affects the pattern of Castanopsis fissa leaf consumption by caterpillars, Functional Ecology, pp.668-674, 1996.

P. Coley, Effects of plant growth rate and leaf lifetime on the amount and type of antiherbivore defense, Oecologia, vol.74, pp.531-536, 1988.

P. D. Coley, Herbivory and defensive characteristics of tree species in a lowland tropical forest, Ecological Monographs, vol.53, pp.209-234, 1983.

P. D. Coley, J. P. Bryant, and F. S. Chapin, Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense, Science, vol.230, pp.895-899, 1985.

J. H. Cornelissen, N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, J. P. Grime, B. Marzano et al., Leaf structure and defence control litter decomposition rate across species and life forms in regional floras on two continents, New Phytologist, vol.143, pp.191-200, 1999.

P. Daget, Le bioclimat méditerranéen: analyse des formes climatiques par le système d'Emberger. Vegetatio, vol.34, pp.87-103, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/bf00054477

S. Diaz, J. G. Hodgson, K. Thompson, M. Cabido, J. H. Cornelissen et al., Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.15, pp.295-304, 2004.

S. Díaz, J. Kattge, J. H. Cornelissen, I. J. Wright, S. Lavorel et al., The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, vol.529, pp.167-171, 2016.

C. Edwards, J. Read, and G. Sanson, Characterising sclerophylly: some mechanical properties of leaves from heath and forest, Oecologia, vol.123, pp.158-167, 2000.

L. Enrico, S. Díaz, M. Westoby, and B. L. Rice, Leaf mechanical resistance in plant trait databases: comparing the results of two common measurement methods, Annals of botany, vol.117, pp.209-214, 2015.

P. Feeny, Biochemical interaction between plants and insects, pp.1-40, 1976.

J. Loranger, S. T. Meyer, B. Shipley, J. Kattge, H. Loranger et al., Predicting invertebrate herbivory from plant traits: evidence from 51 grassland species in experimental monocultures, Ecology, vol.93, pp.2674-2682, 2012.

Y. Onoda, M. Westoby, P. B. Adler, A. M. Choong, F. J. Clissold et al., Global patterns of leaf mechanical properties, Ecology Letters, vol.14, pp.301-312, 2011.

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, J. Cornelissen, F. Vendramini, M. Cabido et al., Chemistry and toughness predict leaf litter decomposition rates over a wide spectrum of functional types and taxa in central Argentina, Plant and Soil, vol.218, pp.21-30, 2000.

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, E. Garnier, S. Lavorel, H. Poorter et al., New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Australian Journal of Botany, 2013.

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, F. Vendramini, J. H. Cornelissen, D. E. Gurvich et al., Leaf traits and herbivore selection in the field and in cafeteria experiments, Austral Ecology, vol.28, pp.642-650, 2003.

J. Read and G. D. Sanson, Characterizing sclerophylly: the mechanical properties of a diverse range of leaf types, New Phytologist, vol.160, pp.81-99, 2003.

P. Reich, C. Uhl, M. Walters, and D. Ellsworth, Leaf lifespan as a determinant of leaf structure and function among 23 Amazonian tree species, Oecologia, vol.86, pp.16-24, 1991.

P. B. Reich, The world-wide 'fast-slow' plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.275-301, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/1365-2745.12211

G. Sanson, J. Read, N. Aranwela, F. Clissold, and P. Peeters, Measurement of leaf biomechanical properties in studies of herbivory: opportunities, problems and procedures, Austral Ecology, vol.26, pp.535-546, 2001.

A. Schuldt, H. Bruelheide, W. Durka, D. Eichenberg, M. Fischer et al., Plant traits affecting herbivory on tree recruits in highly diverse subtropical forests, Ecology Letters, vol.15, pp.732-739, 2012.

D. I. Warton, R. A. Duursma, D. S. Falster, and S. Taskinen, 2012) smatr 3-an R package for estimation and inference about allometric lines, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, vol.3, pp.257-259

I. J. Wright and K. Cannon, Relationships between leaf lifespan and structural defences in a lownutrient, sclerophyll flora, Functional Ecology, vol.15, pp.351-359, 2001.

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.428, pp.821-827, 2004.

T. Züst and A. A. Agrawal, Trade-offs between plant growth and defense against insect herbivory: an emerging mechanistic synthesis. Annual review of plant biology, vol.68, pp.513-534, 2017.

F. A. Bazzaz, N. R. Chiariello, P. D. Coley, and L. F. Pitelka, Allocating resources to reproduction and defense, BioScience, vol.37, pp.58-67, 1987.

F. Berendse and R. Aerts, Nitrogen-use-efficiency: a biologically meaningful definition?, Functional Ecology, vol.1, pp.293-296, 1987.

K. Boege and R. J. Marquis, Facing herbivory as you grow up: the ontogeny of resistance in plants, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.20, pp.441-448, 2005.

K. Bolmgren and P. D. Cowan, Time-size tradeoffs: a phylogenetic comparative study of flowering time, plant height and seed mass in a north-temperate flora, Oikos, vol.117, pp.424-429, 2008.

D. Briske, Strategies of plant survival in grazed systems: a functional interpretation. The ecology and management of grazing systems, pp.37-67, 1996.

B. F. Chabot and D. J. Hicks, The ecology of leaf life spans, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.13, pp.229-259, 1982.

I. Chapin, F. S. Schulze, E. Mooney, and H. A. , The ecology and economics of storage in plants, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.21, pp.423-447, 1990.

P. Coley, Effects of plant growth rate and leaf lifetime on the amount and type of antiherbivore defense, Oecologia, vol.74, pp.531-536, 1988.

P. D. Coley, J. P. Bryant, and F. S. Chapin, Resource availability and plant antiherbivore defense, Science, vol.230, pp.895-899, 1985.

S. Díaz, J. Kattge, J. H. Cornelissen, I. J. Wright, S. Lavorel et al., The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, vol.529, pp.167-171, 2016.

P. V. Fine, Z. J. Miller, I. Mesones, S. Irazuzta, H. M. Appel et al., The Growth-Defense Trade-Off And Habitat Specialization By Plants In Amazonian Forests, Ecology, p.87, 2006.

E. Garnier, Resource capture, biomass allocation and growth in herbaceous plants, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.6, pp.126-131, 1991.

E. Garnier and A. Freijsen, On ecological inference from laboratory experiments conducted under optimum conditions. A whole plant perspective on carbon-nitrogen interactions, 1994.

&. J. Garnier and . Roy, , pp.267-292

J. Grainger, Studies upon the time of flowering of plants: anatomical, floristic and phenological aspects of the problem, Annals of Applied Biology, vol.26, pp.684-704, 1939.

J. Grime and R. Hunt, Relative growth-rate: its range and adaptive significance in a local flora, The Journal of Ecology, pp.393-422, 1975.

P. G. Hahn and J. L. Maron, A framework for predicting intraspecific variation in plant defense, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.31, pp.646-656, 2016.

J. Herrera, Flowering and fruiting phenology in the coastal shrublands of Doñana, vol.68, pp.91-98, 1986.

F. Heydel and O. Tackenberg, How are the phenologies of ripening and seed release affected by species' ecology and evolution? Oikos, vol.126, pp.738-747, 2017.

K. Kikuzawa and D. Ackerly, Significance of leaf longevity in plants, Plant Species Biology, vol.14, pp.39-45, 1999.

H. Lambers and H. Poorter, Inherent variation in growth rate between higher plants: a search for physiological causes and ecological consequences, Advances in ecological research, vol.23, pp.187-261, 1992.

D. C. Laughlin, The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.186-193, 2014.

C. O. Marks and M. J. Lechowicz, Alternative designs and the evolution of functional diversity, The American Naturalist, vol.167, pp.55-66, 2005.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Latitude, seed predation and seed mass, Journal of Biogeography, vol.30, pp.105-128, 2003.

A. T. Moles and M. Westoby, Seedling survival and seed size: a synthesis of the literature, Journal of Ecology, vol.92, pp.372-383, 2004.

H. Mooney and S. Gulmon, Constraints on leaf structure and function in reference to herbivory, BioScience, vol.32, pp.198-206, 1982.

Y. Onoda, M. Westoby, P. B. Adler, A. M. Choong, F. J. Clissold et al., Global patterns of leaf mechanical properties, Ecology Letters, vol.14, pp.301-312, 2011.

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, E. Garnier, S. Lavorel, H. Poorter et al., New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Australian Journal of Botany, 2013.

T. Petanidou, W. N. Ellis, N. S. Margaris, and D. Vokou, Constraints on flowering phenology in a phryganic, pp.607-620, 1995.

H. Poorter, F. Fiorani, R. Pieruschka, T. Wojciechowski, W. H. Putten et al., Pampered inside, pestered outside? Differences and similarities between plants growing in controlled conditions and in the field, New Phytologist, vol.212, pp.838-855, 2016.

H. Poorter and A. Van-der-werf, Is inherent variation in RGR determined by LAR at low irradiance and by NAR at high irradiance? A review of herbaceous species. Inherent variation in plant growth. Physiological mechanisms and ecological consequences, Lambers, H. Poorter & M.M.I. Van Vuuren), pp.309-336, 1998.

R. B. Primack, Relationships among flowers, fruits, and seeds, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.18, pp.409-430, 1987.

P. Reich, C. Uhl, M. Walters, and D. Ellsworth, Leaf lifespan as a determinant of leaf structure and function among 23 Amazonian tree species, Oecologia, vol.86, pp.16-24, 1991.

P. B. Reich, The world-wide 'fast-slow' plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.275-301, 2014.

P. B. Reich, D. S. Ellsworth, M. B. Walters, J. M. Vose, C. Gresham et al., Generality of leaf trait relationships: a test across six biomes, Ecology, vol.80, pp.1955-1969, 1999.

C. Roumet, M. Birouste, C. Picon-cochard, M. Ghestem, N. Osman et al., Root structure-function relationships in 74 species: evidence of a root economics spectrum related to carbon economy, New Phytologist, vol.210, pp.815-826, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01837327

B. Shipley, M. J. Lechowicz, I. Wright, and P. B. Reich, Fundamental trade-offs generating the worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Ecology, vol.87, pp.535-541, 2006.

J. D. Thompson, Plant evolution in the Mediterranean, 2005.

C. Violle, M. Navas, D. Vile, E. Kazakou, C. Fortunel et al., Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos, vol.116, pp.882-892, 2007.

F. Volaire, A unified framework of plant adaptive strategies to drought: crossing scales and disciplines, Global Change Biology, 2018.

M. Westoby, A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme, Plant and Soil, vol.199, pp.213-227, 1998.

I. J. Wright and K. Cannon, Relationships between leaf lifespan and structural defences in a lownutrient, sclerophyll flora, Functional Ecology, vol.15, pp.351-359, 2001.

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.428, pp.821-827, 2004.

I. J. Wright and M. Westoby, Leaves at low versus high rainfall: coordination of structure, lifespan and physiology, New Phytologist, vol.155, pp.403-416, 2002.

S. Díaz, J. Kattge, J. H. Cornelissen, I. J. Wright, S. Lavorel et al., The global spectrum of plant form and function, Nature, vol.529, pp.167-171, 2016.

B. J. Enquist, J. Norberg, S. P. Bonser, C. Violle, C. T. Webb et al., Scaling from traits to ecosystems: Developing a general Trait Driver Theory via integrating trait-based and metabolic scaling theories, Advances in Ecological Research, vol.52, pp.249-318, 2015.

E. Garnier, M. Navas, and K. Grigulis, Plant Functional Diversity-Organism Traits, Community Structure, and Ecosystem Properties, 2016.

E. Garnier, U. Stahl, M. Laporte, J. Kattge, I. Mougenot et al., Annexe, vol.2, 2017.

, Towards a thesaurus of plant characteristics: an ecological contribution, Journal of Ecology, vol.105, pp.298-309

E. Garnier, D. Vile, C. Roumet, S. Lavorel, K. Grigulis et al., Inter-and intraspecific trait shifts in sites differing in aridity at the north western edge of the Mediterranean Biogeographic Region, Flora

J. P. Grime, Evidence for the existence of three primary strategies in plants and its relevance to ecological and evolutionary theory, The American Naturalist, vol.111, pp.1169-1194, 1977.

J. P. Grime, Plant Strategies, Vegetation Processes, and Ecosystem Properties, 2001.

J. G. Hodgson, P. J. Wilson, R. Hunt, J. P. Grime, and K. Thompson, Allocating C-S-R plant functional types: a soft approach to a hard problem, Oikos, vol.85, pp.282-294, 1999.

D. C. Laughlin, The intrinsic dimensionality of plant traits and its relevance to community assembly, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.186-193, 2014.

S. Lavorel, S. Díaz, J. H. Cornelissen, E. Garnier, S. P. Harrison et al., Plant functional types: Are we getting any closer to the Holy Grail? Terrestrial Ecosystems in a Changing World, pp.149-164, 2007.

B. J. Mcgill, B. J. Enquist, E. Weiher, and M. Westoby, Rebuilding community ecology from functional traits, Trends in Ecology and Evolution, vol.21, pp.178-185, 2006.

N. Pérez-harguindeguy, S. Díaz, E. Garnier, S. Lavorel, H. Poorter et al., New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Australian Journal Botany, vol.61, pp.167-234, 2013.

F. Vasseur, C. Violle, B. J. Enquist, C. Granier, and D. Vile, A common genetic basis to the origin of the leaf economics spectrum and metabolic scaling allometry, Ecology Letters, vol.15, pp.1149-1157, 2012.

C. Violle, M. Navas, D. Vile, E. Kazakou, C. Fortunel et al., Let the concept of trait be functional!. Oikos, vol.116, pp.882-892, 2007.

, Annexe 2 : PhenoSpace xxxix

E. Weiher, A. Van-der-werf, K. Thompson, M. Roderick, E. Garnier et al., Challenging Theophrastus: A common core list of plant traits for functional ecology, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.10, pp.609-620, 1999.

M. Westoby, A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme, Plant and Soil, vol.199, pp.213-227, 1998.

M. Westoby, D. S. Falster, A. T. Moles, P. A. Vesk, and I. J. Wright, Plant ecological strategies: Some leading dimensions of variation between species, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.33, pp.125-159, 2002.

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.428, pp.821-827, 2004.