, Nml min-1 , 50 vol% of H2 in N2 flow through the active packed bed, heated from room temperature to 850 °C by a 5 °C min-1 heating ramp, and kept at 900 °C for 30 min, order to reduce NiO to metallic Ni

, Cooling 1. The reactor is cooled at 5 °C min-1 , down from 8500 °C to 650 °C, while a mild reducing stream flows (7.5 Nml min-1 of H2 and 142.5 Nml min-1 of N2)

. Steaming, At 650 °C, for 4 min, 0.240 ml min-1 of liquid distilled water are fed together with 150 Nml min-1 of N2

. Reforming, At 650 °C, the inlet stream contains 75 Nml min-1 of CH4, with inlet molar steam/carbon ratio equal to 4 or 3. Two different durations are chosen: long reforming steps last 40 min, so to measure packed-bed's breakthrough i.e. sorbent saturation; for other cycles, reforming lasts 20 min, so to avoid breakthrough occurrence. After the reforming, reactor is purged at 650 °C for 2 min by 150

, The active packed-bed is heated by a 10 °C min-1 ramp, from 650 °C to 925 °C, and kept at 925 °C for 15 min, feeding 150 Nml min-1 of CO 2. After that, reactor is purged at 925 °C for 1 min by 150 Nml min-1 of N2

. Cooling-reduction, at 5 °C min-1 ; afterwards, a highly reducing stream (100 Nml min-1 of H2 and 100 Nml min-1 of N2) flows through the bed at 850 °C to restore metallic Ni; eventually, the reactors cools down under a mild reducing stream (7.5 Nml min-1 of H2 and 142.5 Nml min-1 of N2) down to 650 °C. Tests were carried out on: ? the 2-material system in raw mixing configuration, made of CaO30-IFE (9 g, particle diameter in the range 212-300 µm) and Ni-comm, The reactor cools down from 925 °C min-1 to 850 °C, under 150 Nml min-1 of N2

, ? CaO30Ni-IFE (12.0 g, particle diameter in the range 212-300 µm): after Pre-reduction

, on CaO30Ni-IFE are shown in Figure A.1 and Figure A.2, respectively. The raw mixing, tested with inlet molar steam/carbon ratio of 4, have a very stable performance in terms of CH2,out and CCO2,out respectively within the range 93-95 vol% dry, dilution-free and 2.0-3.0 vol% dry, dilution-free in the pre-breakthrough period, and very close to SMR equilibrium values in the post-breakthrough, multicycle SESMR/regeneration test on the raw mixing CaO30-IFE + Ni-comm and

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