M. Muramatsu, K. Kinoshita, S. Fagarasan, S. Yamada, Y. Shinkai et al., Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme, Cell, vol.102, pp.553-563, 2000.

G. Teng and F. N. Papavasiliou, Immunoglobulin somatic hypermutation, Annu. Rev. Genet, vol.41, pp.107-120, 2007.

P. Revy, T. Muto, Y. Levy, F. Geissmann, A. Plebani et al., Activationinduced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of the hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM2), Cell, vol.102, pp.565-575, 2000.

J. Stavnezer, A. Björkman, L. Du, A. Cagigi, and Q. Pan-hammarström, Mapping of switch recombination junctions, a tool for studying DNA repair pathways during immunoglobulin class switching, Adv. Immunol, vol.108, pp.45-109, 2010.

P. Soulas-sprauel, G. L. Guyader, P. Rivera-munoz, V. Abramowski, C. Oliviermartin et al., Role for DNA repair factor XRCC4 in immunoglobulin class switch recombination, J. Exp. Med, vol.204, pp.1717-1727, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00167659

M. R. Ehrenstein and M. S. Neuberger, Deficiency in Msh2 affects the efficiency and local sequence specificity of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: parallels with somatic hypermutation, EMBO J, vol.18, pp.3484-3490, 1999.

Q. Pan, H. Rabbani, F. C. Mills, E. Severinson, and L. Hammarström, Allotype-associated variation in the human g3 switch region as a basis for differences in IgG3 production, J. Immunol, vol.158, pp.5849-5859, 1997.

M. Nakamura, S. Kondo, M. Sugai, M. Nazarea, S. Imamura et al., High frequency class switching of an IgM+ B lymphoma clone CH12F3 to IgA+ cells, Int. Immunol, vol.8, pp.193-201, 1996.

Q. Pan, C. Petit-frére, S. Dai, P. Huang, H. C. Morton et al., Regulation of switching and production of IgA in human B cells in donors with duplicated alpha1 genes, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.31, pp.3622-3630, 2001.

S. F. Altschul, W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman, Basic local alignment search tool, J. Mol. Biol, vol.215, pp.403-410, 1990.

Q. Pan-hammarström, A. Lähdesmäki, Y. Zhao, L. Du, Z. Zhao et al., Disparate roles of ATR and ATM in immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation, J. Exp. Med, vol.203, pp.99-110, 2006.

B. Reina-san-martin, J. Chen, A. Nussenzweig, and M. C. Nussenzweig, Enhanced intra-switch region recombination during immunoglobulin class switch recombination in 53BP1-/-B cells, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.37, pp.235-239, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00166263

Y. Safonova, A. Lapidus, and J. Lill, IgSimulator: a versatile immunosequencing simulator, Bioinformatics, vol.31, pp.3213-3215, 2015.

Q. Pan, C. Petit-frére, A. Lähdesmäki, H. Gregorek, K. H. Chrzanowska et al., Alternative end joining during switch recombination in patients with ataxia-telangiectasia, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.32, pp.1300-1308, 2002.

H. Ijspeert, P. A. Van-schouwenburg, D. Van-zessen, I. Pico-knijnenburg, A. P. Stubbs et al., Antigen Receptor Galaxy: a userfriendly, web-based tool for analysis and visualization of T and B cell receptor repertoire data, J. Immunol, vol.198, pp.4156-4165, 2017.

A. W. Langerak, M. Br?-uggemann, F. Davi, N. Darzentas, D. Gonzalez et al., High-throughput immunogenetics for clinical and research applications in immunohematology: potential and challenges, J. Immunol, vol.198, pp.3765-3774, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01516289

N. Adachi, T. Ishino, Y. Ishii, S. Takeda, and H. Koyama, DNA ligase IV-deficient cells are more resistant to ionizing radiation in the absence of Ku70: Implications for DNA double-strand break repair, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.98, pp.12109-12113, 2001.

B. Adams, P. Dörfler, A. Aguzzi, Z. Kozmik, P. Urbánek et al., , 1992.

, Pax-5 encodes the transcription factor BSAP and is expressed in B lymphocytes, the developing CNS, and adult testis, Genes Dev, vol.6, pp.1589-1607

K. Adelman, M. T. Marr, J. Werner, A. Saunders, Z. Ni et al., Efficient Release from Promoter-Proximal Stall Sites Requires Transcript Cleavage Factor TFIIS, Mol. Cell, vol.17, pp.103-112, 2005.

P. Ahnesorg, P. Smith, J. , and S. P. , XLF interacts with the XRCC4-DNA ligase IV complex to promote DNA nonhomologous end-joining, Cell, vol.124, pp.301-313, 2006.

F. W. Alt and D. Baltimore, Joining of immunoglobulin heavy chain gene segments: implications from a chromosome with evidence of three D-JH fusions, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.79, pp.4118-4122, 1982.

F. W. Alt, G. D. Yancopoulos, T. K. Blackwell, C. Wood, E. Thomas et al., Ordered rearrangement of immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region segments, EMBO J, vol.3, pp.1209-1219, 1984.

H. Arakawa, T. Iwasato, H. Hayashida, A. Shimizu, T. Honjo et al., The complete murine immunoglobulin class switch region of the alpha heavy chain gene-hierarchic repetitive structure and recombination breakpoints, J. Biol. Chem, vol.268, pp.4651-4655, 1993.

N. Arnoult, A. Correia, J. Ma, A. Merlo, S. Garcia-gomez et al., Regulation of DNA repair pathway choice in S and G2 phases by the NHEJ inhibitor CYREN, Nature, vol.549, pp.548-552, 2017.

F. Aymard, B. Bugler, C. K. Schmidt, E. Guillou, P. Caron et al., Transcriptionally active chromatin recruits homologous recombination at DNA double strand breaks, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol, vol.21, pp.366-374, 2014.

M. Bai, A. Papoudou-bai, P. Kitsoulis, N. Horianopoulos, S. Kamina et al., Cell cycle and apoptosis deregulation in classical Hodgkin lymphomas, Vivo Athens Greece, vol.19, pp.439-453, 2005.

G. Bain, E. C. Maandag, D. J. Izon, D. Amsen, A. M. Kruisbeek et al., E2A proteins are required for proper B cell development and initiation of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements, Cell, vol.79, pp.885-892, 1994.

C. J. Bakkenist and M. B. Kastan, DNA damage activates ATM through intermolecular autophosphorylation and dimer dissociation, Nature, vol.421, pp.499-506, 2003.

J. Banerji, L. Olson, and W. Schaffner, A lymphocyte-specific cellular enhancer is located downstream of the joining region in immunoglobulin heavy chain genes, Cell, vol.33, pp.729-740, 1983.

P. D. Bardwell, C. J. Woo, K. Wei, Z. Li, A. Martin et al., Altered somatic hypermutation and reduced class-switch recombination in exonuclease 1-mutant mice, Nat. Immunol, vol.5, pp.224-229, 2004.

D. E. Barnes, G. Stamp, I. Rosewell, A. Denzel, and T. Lindahl, Targeted disruption of the gene encoding DNA ligase IV leads to lethality in embryonic mice, Curr. Biol. CB, vol.8, pp.1395-1398, 1998.

U. Basu, F. Meng, C. Keim, V. Grinstein, E. Pefanis et al., The RNA Exosome Targets the AID Cytidine Deaminase to Both Strands of Transcribed Duplex DNA Substrates, Cell, vol.144, pp.353-363, 2011.

A. G. Betz, C. Rada, R. Pannell, C. Milstein, and M. S. Neuberger, Passenger transgenes reveal intrinsic specificity of the antibody hypermutation mechanism: clustering, polarity, and specific hot spots, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.90, pp.2385-2388, 1993.

A. Beucher, J. Birraux, L. Tchouandong, O. Barton, A. Shibata et al., ATM and Artemis promote homologous recombination of radiation-induced DNA double-strand breaks in G2, EMBO J, vol.28, pp.3413-3427, 2009.

B. K. Birshtein, Epigenetic Regulation of Individual Modules of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus 3? Regulatory Region, Front. Immunol, vol.5, 2014.

P. R. Blier, A. J. Griffith, J. Craft, and J. A. Hardin, Binding of Ku protein to DNA. Measurement of affinity for ends and demonstration of binding to nicks, J. Biol. Chem, vol.268, pp.7594-7601, 1993.

B. Blomberg, A. Traunecker, H. Eisen, and S. Tonegawa, Organization of four mouse lambda light chain immunoglobulin genes, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.78, pp.3765-3769, 1981.

C. Boboila, M. Jankovic, C. T. Yan, J. H. Wang, D. R. Wesemann et al., Alternative end-joining catalyzes robust IgH locus deletions and translocations in the combined absence of ligase 4 and Ku70, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.107, pp.3034-3039, 2010.

C. Boboila, C. Yan, D. R. Wesemann, M. Jankovic, J. H. Wang et al., Alternative end-joining catalyzes class switch recombination in the absence of both Ku70 and DNA ligase 4, J. Exp. Med, vol.207, pp.417-427, 2010.

M. A. Bogue, C. Wang, C. Zhu, R. , and D. B. , V(D)J Recombination in Ku86-Deficient Mice: Distinct Effects on Coding, Signal, and Hybrid Joint Formation, Immunity, vol.7, pp.37-47, 1997.

A. Bothmer, D. F. Robbiani, N. Feldhahn, A. Gazumyan, A. Nussenzweig et al., 53BP1 regulates DNA resection and the choice between classical and alternative end joining during class switch recombination, J. Exp. Med, vol.207, pp.855-865, 2010.

F. Boyer, H. Boutouil, I. Dalloul, Z. Dalloul, J. Cook-moreau et al., CSReport: A New Computational Tool Designed for Automatic Analysis of Class Switch Recombination Junctions Sequenced by High-Throughput Sequencing, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, pp.4148-4155, 2017.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01567748

K. M. Brekke and W. T. Garrard, Assembly and analysis of the mouse immunoglobulin kappa gene sequence, Immunogenetics, vol.56, pp.490-505, 2004.

P. H. Brodeur, R. , and R. , The immunoglobulin heavy chain variable region (Igh-V) locus in the mouse. I. One hundred Igh-V genes comprise seven families of homologous genes, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.14, pp.922-930, 1984.

S. F. Bunting, E. Callén, N. Wong, H. Chen, F. Polato et al., 53BP1 inhibits homologous recombination in Brca1deficient cells by blocking resection of DNA breaks, Cell, vol.141, pp.243-254, 2010.

R. Ceccaldi, J. C. Liu, R. Amunugama, I. Hajdu, B. Primack et al., Homologous-recombination-deficient tumours are dependent on Pol?-mediated repair, Nature, vol.518, pp.258-262, 2015.

S. H. Chan, A. M. Yu, and M. Mcvey, Dual Roles for DNA Polymerase Theta in Alternative EndJoining Repair of Double-Strand Breaks in Drosophila, PLOS Genet, vol.6, p.1001005, 2010.

S. Chatterjee, Z. Ju, R. Hassan, S. A. Volpi, A. V. Emelyanov et al., Dynamic changes in binding of immunoglobulin heavy chain 3' regulatory region to protein factors during class switching, J. Biol. Chem, vol.286, pp.29303-29312, 2011.

J. Chaudhuri and A. Fw, Class-switch recombination: interplay of transcription, DNA deamination and DNA repair, 2004.

C. Chauveau, C. , and M. , Palindromic structure of the IgH 3'locus control region, Nat. Genet, vol.14, pp.15-16, 1996.

K. Chen, W. Xu, M. Wilson, B. He, N. W. Miller et al., Immunoglobulin D enhances immune surveillance by activating antimicrobial, proinflammatory and B cell-stimulating programs in basophils, Nat. Immunol, vol.10, pp.889-898, 2009.

T. Clouaire, L. , and G. , DNA double strand break repair pathway choice: a chromatin based decision?, Nucl. Austin Tex, vol.6, pp.107-113, 2015.

M. Cogné, R. Lansford, A. Bottaro, J. Zhang, J. Gorman et al., , 1994.

, A class switch control region at the 3' end of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, Cell, vol.77, pp.737-747

G. A. Daniels and M. R. Lieber, RNA:DNA complex formation upon transcription of immunoglobulin switch regions: implications for the mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.23, pp.5006-5011, 1995.

D. Piona, W. Gareth, T. Campbell-kathryn, P. Sven, N. Michael et al., The mouse IgH 3?-enhancer, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.21, pp.1499-1504, 2005.

S. V. Desiderio, G. D. Yancopoulos, M. Paskind, E. Thomas, M. A. Boss et al., Insertion of N regions into heavy-chain genes is correlated with expression of terminal deoxytransferase in B cells, Nature, vol.311, pp.752-755, 1984.

D. Noia, J. Neuberger, and M. S. , Altering the pathway of immunoglobulin hypermutation by inhibiting uracil-DNA glycosylase, Nature, vol.419, pp.43-48, 2002.

M. J. Difilippantonio, J. Zhu, H. T. Chen, E. Meffre, M. C. Nussenzweig et al., DNA repair protein Ku80 suppresses chromosomal aberrations and malignant transformation, Nature, vol.404, pp.510-514, 2000.

P. W. Doetsch and R. P. Cunningham, The enzymology of apurinic/apyrimidinic endonucleases, Mutat. Res, vol.236, pp.173-201, 1990.

A. Dudás, C. , and M. , DNA double-strand break repair by homologous recombination, Mutat. Res, vol.566, pp.131-167, 2004.

M. R. Ehrenstein and M. S. Neuberger, Deficiency in Msh2 affects the efficiency and local sequence specificity of immunoglobulin class-switch recombination: parallels with somatic hypermutation, EMBO J, vol.18, pp.3484-3490, 1999.

S. F. El-khamisy, M. Masutani, H. Suzuki, and K. W. Caldecott, A requirement for PARP-1 for the assembly or stability of XRCC1 nuclear foci at sites of oxidative DNA damage, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.31, pp.5526-5533, 2003.

F. Fattah, E. H. Lee, N. Weisensel, Y. Wang, N. Lichter et al., Ku regulates the non-homologous end joining pathway choice of DNA double-strand break repair in human somatic cells, PLoS Genet, vol.6, p.1000855, 2010.

K. Featherstone, A. L. Wood, A. J. Bowen, and A. E. Corcoran, The Mouse Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain V-D Intergenic Sequence Contains Insulators That May Regulate Ordered V(D)J Recombination, J. Biol. Chem, vol.285, pp.9327-9338, 2010.

P. Ferrier, B. Krippl, T. K. Blackwell, A. J. Furley, H. Suh et al., Separate elements control DJ and VDJ rearrangement in a transgenic recombination substrate, EMBO J, vol.9, pp.117-125, 1990.

S. Fnu, E. A. Williamson, L. P. De-haro, M. Brenneman, J. Wray et al., Methylation of histone H3 lysine 36 enhances DNA repair by nonhomologous end-joining, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.108, pp.540-545, 2011.

K. M. Frank, J. M. Sekiguchi, K. J. Seidl, W. Swat, G. A. Rathbun et al., Late embryonic lethality and impaired V(D)J recombination in mice lacking DNA ligase IV, Nature, vol.396, pp.173-177, 1998.

J. P. Frippiat, S. C. Williams, I. M. Tomlinson, G. P. Cook, D. Cherif et al., Organization of the human immunoglobulin lambda light-chain locus on chromosome 22q11, Hum. Mol. Genet, vol.4, issue.2, pp.983-991, 1995.

P. Frit, N. Barboule, Y. Yuan, D. Gomez, C. et al., Alternative end-joining pathway(s): bricolage at DNA breaks, DNA Repair, vol.17, pp.81-97, 2014.

G. Frosina, P. Fortini, O. Rossi, F. Carrozzino, G. Raspaglio et al., Two pathways for base excision repair in mammalian cells, J. Biol. Chem, vol.271, pp.9573-9578, 1996.

Y. Gao, Y. Sun, K. M. Frank, P. Dikkes, Y. Fujiwara et al., A critical role for DNA end-joining proteins in both lymphogenesis and neurogenesis, Cell, vol.95, pp.891-902, 1998.

H. Ghezraoui, M. Piganeau, B. Renouf, J. Renaud, A. Sallmyr et al., Chromosomal translocations in human cells are generated by canonical nonhomologous end-joining, Mol. Cell, vol.55, pp.829-842, 2014.

G. Girelli-zubani, M. Zivojnovic, . De, A. Smet, O. Albagli-curiel et al., Pms2 and uracil-DNA glycosylases act jointly in the mismatch repair pathway to generate Ig gene mutations at A-T base pairs, J. Exp. Med, vol.214, pp.1169-1180, 2017.

S. L. Glaser, R. J. Lin, S. L. Stewart, R. F. Ambinder, R. F. Jarrett et al., Epstein-Barr virus-associated Hodgkin's disease: epidemiologic characteristics in international data, Int. J. Cancer, vol.70, pp.375-382, 1997.

M. Goldberg, M. Stucki, J. Falck, D. D'amours, D. Rahman et al., MDC1 is required for the intra-S-phase DNA damage checkpoint, Nature, vol.421, pp.952-956, 2003.

J. R. Gorman, N. Van-der-stoep, R. Monroe, M. Cogne, L. Davidson et al., The Ig(kappa) enhancer influences the ratio of Ig(kappa) versus Ig(lambda) B lymphocytes, Immunity, vol.5, pp.241-252, 1996.

J. E. Haber, Alternative endings, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 105, pp.405-406, 2008.

J. Hagman, C. M. Rudin, D. Haasch, D. Chaplin, and U. Storb, A novel enhancer in the immunoglobulin lambda locus is duplicated and functionally independent of NF kappa B, Genes Dev, vol.4, pp.978-992, 1990.

J. Haince, D. Mcdonald, A. Rodrigue, U. Déry, J. Masson et al., , 2008.

, PARP1-dependent kinetics of recruitment of MRE11 and NBS1 proteins to multiple DNA damage sites, J. Biol. Chem, vol.283, pp.1197-1208

T. J. Hamblin, Z. Davis, A. Gardiner, D. G. Oscier, and F. K. Stevenson, Unmutated Ig V(H) genes are associated with a more aggressive form of chronic lymphocytic leukemia, Blood, vol.94, pp.1848-1854, 1999.

L. Han, Y. , and K. , Altered kinetics of nonhomologous end joining and class switch recombination in ligase IV-deficient B cells, J. Exp. Med, vol.205, pp.2745-2753, 2008.

L. Han, W. Mao, Y. , and K. , X-ray repair cross-complementing protein 1 (XRCC1) deficiency enhances class switch recombination and is permissive for alternative end joining, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.109, pp.4604-4608, 2012.

S. F. Haque, S. L. Bevington, and J. Boyes, The E?3-1 enhancer is essential for V(D)J recombination of the murine immunoglobulin lambda light chain locus, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, vol.441, pp.482-487, 2013.

W. Heyer, X. Li, M. Rolfsmeier, and X. Zhang, Rad54: the Swiss Army knife of homologous recombination?, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.34, pp.4115-4125, 2006.

G. S. Higgins, A. L. Harris, R. Prevo, T. Helleday, W. G. Mckenna et al., , 2010.

, Overexpression of POLQ confers a poor prognosis in early breast cancer patients, Oncotarget, vol.1, pp.175-184

K. Hsiao and C. A. Mizzen, Histone H4 deacetylation facilitates 53BP1 DNA damage signaling and double-strand break repair, J. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.5, pp.157-165, 2013.

J. S. Iacovoni, P. Caron, I. Lassadi, E. Nicolas, L. Massip et al., Highresolution profiling of ?H2AX around DNA double strand breaks in the mammalian genome, EMBO J, vol.29, pp.1446-1457, 2010.

H. Ijspeert, J. Rozmus, K. Schwarz, R. L. Warren, D. Van-zessen et al., XLF deficiency results in reduced N-nucleotide addition during V(D)J recombination, Blood, vol.128, pp.650-659, 2016.

M. Inlay, F. W. Alt, D. Baltimore, and Y. Xu, Essential roles of the kappa light chain intronic enhancer and 3' enhancer in kappa rearrangement and demethylation, Nat. Immunol, vol.3, pp.463-468, 2002.

D. K. Jha and B. D. Strahl, An RNA polymerase II-coupled function for histone H3K36 methylation in checkpoint activation and DSB repair, Nat. Commun, vol.5, p.3965, 2014.

E. A. Kabat, T. T. Wu, C. Foeller, H. M. Perry, and K. S. Gottesman, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 1992.

R. Kanaar, J. H. Hoeijmakers, and D. C. Van-gent, Molecular mechanisms of DNA double strand break repair, Trends Cell Biol, vol.8, pp.483-489, 1998.

H. Kanzler, R. Küppers, M. L. Hansmann, R. , and K. , Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's disease represent the outgrowth of a dominant tumor clone derived from (crippled) germinal center B cells, J. Exp. Med, vol.184, pp.1495-1505, 1996.

T. Kent, G. Chandramouly, S. M. Mcdevitt, A. Y. Ozdemir, and R. T. Pomerantz, Mechanism of microhomology-mediated end-joining promoted by human DNA polymerase ?, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol, vol.22, pp.230-237, 2015.

Y. Kim, W. , and D. M. , Overview of base excision repair biochemistry, Curr. Mol. Pharmacol, vol.5, pp.3-13, 2012.

A. Kim, L. Han, G. E. Santiago, R. E. Verdun, Y. et al., Class-Switch Recombination in the Absence of the IgH 3? Regulatory Region, J. Immunol, vol.197, pp.2930-2935, 2016.

S. Klein, F. Sablitzky, and R. A. , Deletion of the IgH enhancer does not reduce immunoglobulin heavy chain production of a hybridoma IgD class switch variant, EMBO J, vol.3, pp.2473-2476, 1984.

W. Koole, R. Schendel, . Van, A. E. Karambelas, J. T. Heteren et al., A Polymerase Theta-dependent repair pathway suppresses extensive genomic instability at endogenous G4 DNA sites, Nat. Commun, vol.5, p.3216, 2014.

A. H. Kottmann, B. Zevnik, M. Welte, P. J. Nielsen, and G. Köhler, A second promoter and enhancer element within the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.24, pp.817-821, 1994.

H. E. Krokan and M. Bjørås, Base excision repair, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol, vol.5, p.12583, 2013.

B. Laffleur, S. M. Bardet, A. Garot, M. Brousse, A. Baylet et al., Immunoglobulin genes undergo legitimate repair in human B cells not only after cis-but also frequent trans-class switch recombination, Genes Immun, vol.15, pp.341-346, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01112042

P. Langerak, R. , and P. , Regulatory networks integrating cell cycle control with DNA damage checkpoints and double-strand break repair, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. B Biol. Sci, vol.366, pp.3562-3571, 2011.

C. Latif, N. R. Den-elzen, and M. J. Connell, DNA damage checkpoint maintenance through sustained Chk1 activity, J. Cell Sci, vol.117, pp.3489-3498, 2004.

M. F. Lavin, The Mre11 complex and ATM: a two-way functional interaction in recognising and signaling DNA double strand breaks, DNA Repair, vol.3, pp.1515-1520, 2004.

J. Lee and T. T. Paull, ATM activation by DNA double-strand breaks through the Mre11Rad50-Nbs1 complex, Science, vol.308, pp.551-554, 2005.

C. Lemaître, A. Grabarz, K. Tsouroula, L. Andronov, A. Furst et al., Nuclear position dictates DNA repair pathway choice, Genes Dev, vol.28, pp.2450-2463, 2014.

G. G. Lennon, P. , and R. P. , C mu-containing transcripts initiate heterogeneously within the IgH enhancer region and contain a novel 5'-nontranslatable exon, Nature, vol.318, pp.475-478, 1985.

R. Levin-klein, A. Kirillov, C. Rosenbluh, H. Cedar, and Y. Bergman, A Novel Pax5-Binding Regulatory Element in the Ig? Locus, Front. Immunol, vol.5, 2014.

L. Li, W. , and Y. , Cross-talk between the H3K36me3 and H4K16ac histone epigenetic marks in DNA double-strand break repair, J. Biol. Chem, vol.292, pp.11951-11959, 2017.

S. C. Li, P. B. Rothman, J. Zhang, C. Chan, D. Hirsh et al., Expression of I mu-C gamma hybrid germline transcripts subsequent to immunoglobulin heavy chain class switching, Int. Immunol, vol.6, pp.491-497, 1994.

Y. Li, X. Gao, W. , and J. , Comparison of two POLQ mutants reveals that a polymeraseinactive POLQ retains significant function in tolerance to etoposide and ?-irradiation in mouse B cells, Genes Cells Devoted Mol. Cell. Mech, vol.16, pp.973-983, 2011.

Z. Li, T. Otevrel, Y. Gao, H. L. Cheng, B. Seed et al., The XRCC4 gene encodes a novel protein involved in DNA double-strand break repair and V(D)J recombination, Cell, vol.83, pp.1079-1089, 1995.

M. Libra, V. De-re, D. Gasparotto, A. Gloghini, A. Marzotto et al., Differentiation between non-Hodgkin's lymphoma recurrence and second primary lymphoma by VDJ rearrangement analysis, Br. J. Haematol, vol.118, pp.809-812, 2002.

M. R. Lieber, The mechanism of human nonhomologous DNA end joining, J. Biol. Chem, vol.283, pp.1-5, 2008.

R. Lieberson, S. L. Giannini, B. K. Birshtein, and L. A. Eckhardt, An enhancer at the 3? end of the mouse immunoglobulin heavy chain locus, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.19, pp.933-937, 1991.

D. S. Lim, H. , and P. , A mutation in mouse rad51 results in an early embryonic lethal that is suppressed by a mutation in p53, Mol. Cell. Biol, vol.16, pp.7133-7143, 1996.

Z. Liu, J. B. George-raizen, S. Li, K. C. Meyers, M. Y. Chang et al., Chromatin structural analyses of the mouse Igkappa gene locus reveal new hypersensitive sites specifying a transcriptional silencer and enhancer, J. Biol. Chem, vol.277, pp.32640-32649, 2002.

Y. Lorat, S. Schanz, N. Schuler, G. Wennemuth, C. Rübe et al., Beyond repair foci: DNA double-strand break repair in euchromatic and heterochromatic compartments analyzed by transmission electron microscopy, PloS One, vol.7, p.38165, 2012.

M. Lorenz, S. Jung, R. , and A. , How cytokines control immunoglobulin class switching, Behring Inst. Mitt, pp.97-102, 1995.

Y. Ma, U. Pannicke, K. Schwarz, and M. R. Lieber, Hairpin opening and overhang processing by an Artemis/DNA-dependent protein kinase complex in nonhomologous end joining and V(D)J recombination, Cell, vol.108, pp.781-794, 2002.

T. Marafioti, M. Hummel, I. Anagnostopoulos, H. D. Foss, B. Falini et al., Origin of nodular lymphocyte-predominant Hodgkin's disease from a clonal expansion of highly mutated germinal-center B cells, N. Engl. J. Med, vol.337, pp.453-458, 1997.

S. A. Martomo, H. Saribasak, M. Yokoi, F. Hanaoka, and P. J. Gearhart, Reevaluation of the role of DNA polymerase theta in somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes, DNA Repair, vol.7, pp.1603-1608, 2008.

M. Muramatsu, K. Kinoshita, and S. Fagarasan, Class Switch Recombination and Hypermutation Require Activation-Induced Cytidine Deaminase (AID), a Potential RNA Editing Enzyme, pp.553-563, 2000.

S. Masani, L. Han, K. Meek, Y. , and K. , Redundant function of DNA ligase 1 and 3 in alternative end-joining during immunoglobulin class switch recombination, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.113, pp.1261-1266, 2016.

P. A. Mateos-gomez, F. Gong, N. Nair, K. M. Miller, E. Lazzerini-denchi et al., , 2015.

, Mammalian Polymerase Theta Promotes Alternative-NHEJ and Suppresses Recombination, Nature, vol.518, pp.254-257

P. Matthias, Lymphoid-specific transcription mediated by the conserved octamer site: Who is doing what?, Semin. Immunol, vol.10, pp.155-163, 1998.

F. Mattiroli, J. H. Vissers, W. J. Van-dijk, P. Ikpa, E. Citterio et al., RNF168 Ubiquitinates K13-15 on H2A/H2AX to Drive DNA Damage Signaling, vol.150, pp.1182-1195, 2012.

M. Mcvey and S. E. Lee, MMEJ repair of double-strand breaks (director's cut): deleted sequences and alternative endings, Trends Genet. TIG, vol.24, pp.529-538, 2008.

K. B. Meyer and M. S. Neuberger, The immunoglobulin kappa locus contains a second, stronger B-cell-specific enhancer which is located downstream of the constant region, EMBO J, vol.8, pp.1959-1964, 1989.

D. Moshous, I. Callebaut, R. De-chasseval, B. Corneo, M. Cavazzana-calvo et al., Artemis, a novel DNA double-strand break repair/V(D)J recombination protein, is mutated in human severe combined immune deficiency, Cell, vol.105, pp.177-186, 2001.

M. R. Mowatt and W. A. Dunnick, DNA sequence of the murine gamma 1 switch segment reveals novel structural elements, J. Immunol, vol.136, pp.2674-2683, 1986.

M. Muramatsu, K. Kinoshita, S. Fagarasan, S. Yamada, Y. Shinkai et al., Class switch recombination and hypermutation require activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID), a potential RNA editing enzyme, Cell, vol.102, pp.553-563, 2000.

M. Nakamura, S. Kondo, M. Sugai, M. Nazarea, S. Imamura et al., High frequency class switching of an IgM+ B lymphoma clone CH12F3 to IgA+ cells, Int. Immunol, vol.8, pp.193-201, 1996.

T. Nikaido, S. Nakai, and T. Honjo, Switch region of immunoglobulin Cmu gene is composed of simple tandem repetitive sequences, Nature, vol.292, pp.845-848, 1981.

T. Nikaido, Y. Yamawaki-kataoka, and T. Honjo, Nucleotide sequences of switch regions of immunoglobulin C epsilon and C gamma genes and their comparison, J. Biol. Chem, vol.257, pp.7322-7329, 1982.

L. Nitschke, J. Kestler, T. Tallone, S. Pelkonen, P. et al., Deletion of the DQ52 element within the Ig heavy chain locus leads to a selective reduction in VDJ recombination and altered D gene usage, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.166, pp.2540-2552, 1950.

A. Nussenzweig, C. Chen, . Da-costa, V. Soares, M. Sanchez et al., Requirement for Ku80 in growth and immunoglobulin V(D)J recombination, Nature, vol.382, pp.551-555, 1996.

Q. Pan, C. Petit-frére, S. Dai, P. Huang, H. C. Morton et al., Regulation of switching and production of IgA in human B cells in donors with duplicated ?1 genes, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.31, pp.3622-3630, 2001.

Q. Pan-hammarström, A. Lähdesmäki, Y. Zhao, L. Du, Z. Zhao et al., Disparate roles of ATR and ATM in immunoglobulin class switch recombination and somatic hypermutation, J. Exp. Med, vol.203, pp.99-110, 2006.

Q. Pan-hammarström, Y. Zhao, and L. Hammarström, Class Switch Recombination: A Comparison Between Mouse and Human, Advances in Immunology, pp.1-61, 2007.

A. Patenaude, A. Orthwein, Y. Hu, V. A. Campo, B. Kavli et al., , 2009.

, Active nuclear import and cytoplasmic retention of activation-induced deaminase, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol, vol.16, pp.517-527

R. Pavri, A. Gazumyan, M. Jankovic, M. Di-virgilio, I. Klein et al., Activation-induced cytidine deaminase targets DNA at sites of RNA polymerase II stalling by interaction with Spt5, Cell, vol.143, pp.122-133, 2010.

I. Pawlitzky, C. V. Angeles, A. M. Siegel, M. L. Stanton, R. Riblet et al., , 2006.

, Identification of a Candidate Regulatory Element within the 5' Flanking Region of the Mouse Igh Locus Defined by Pro-B Cell-Specific Hypersensitivity Associated with Binding of PU.1, Pax5, and E2A, J. Immunol, vol.176, pp.6839-6851

T. Perlot, F. W. Alt, C. H. Bassing, H. Suh, P. et al., Elucidation of IgH intronic enhancer functions via germ-line deletion, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.102, pp.14362-14367, 2005.

S. Péron, A. Metin, P. Gardès, M. Alyanakian, E. Sheridan et al., Human PMS2 deficiency is associated with impaired immunoglobulin class switch recombination, J. Exp. Med, vol.205, pp.2465-2472, 2008.

S. Péron, B. Laffleur, N. Denis-lagache, J. Cook-moreau, A. Tinguely et al., AID-Driven Deletion Causes Immunoglobulin Heavy Chain Locus Suicide Recombination in B Cells, Science, vol.336, pp.931-934, 2012.

C. A. Pettigrew and T. G. Cotter, Deregulation of Cell Death (Apoptosis): Implications for Tumor Development, Discov. Med, vol.8, pp.61-63, 2009.

S. X. Pfister, S. Ahrabi, L. Zalmas, S. Sarkar, F. Aymard et al., SETD2-dependent histone H3K36 trimethylation is required for homologous recombination repair and genome stability, Cell Rep, vol.7, 2006.

A. J. Pierce, P. Hu, M. Han, N. Ellis, J. et al., Ku DNA end-binding protein modulates homologous repair of double-strand breaks in mammalian cells, Genes Dev, vol.15, pp.3237-3242, 2001.

E. Pinaud, C. Aupetit, C. Chauveau, C. , and M. , Identification of a homolog of the C alpha 3'/hs3 enhancer and of an allelic variant of the 3'IgH/hs1,2 enhancer downstream of the human immunoglobulin alpha 1 gene, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.27, pp.2981-2985, 1997.

E. Pinaud, A. A. Khamlichi, C. Le-morvan, M. Drouet, V. Nalesso et al., , 2001.

, Localization of the 3' IgH locus elements that effect long-distance regulation of class switch recombination, Immunity, vol.15, pp.187-199

E. Pinaud, M. Marquet, R. Fiancette, S. Péron, C. Vincent-fabert et al., , 2011.

, Chapter, The IgH Locus 3? Regulatory Region: Pulling the Strings from Behind, pp.27-70

. Porter, STRUCTURAL STUDIES OF IMMUNOGLOBULINS, pp.713-716, 1973.

R. Prakash, Y. Zhang, W. Feng, J. , and M. , Homologous Recombination and Human Health: The Roles of BRCA1, BRCA2, and Associated Proteins, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol, vol.7, p.16600, 2015.

R. Prasad, O. I. Lavrik, S. J. Kim, P. Kedar, X. P. Yang et al., DNA polymerase beta-mediated long patch base excision repair. Poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase-1 stimulates strand displacement DNA synthesis, J. Biol. Chem, vol.276, pp.32411-32414, 2001.

J. L. Preud'homme, I. Petit, A. Barra, F. Morel, J. C. Lecron et al., Structural and functional properties of membrane and secreted IgD, Mol. Immunol, vol.37, pp.871-887, 2000.

R. Coffman, J. Ohara, M. Bond, . Carty, W. Zlotnik et al., B cell stimulatory factor-1 enhances the IgE response of lipopolysaccharide-activated B cells, J. Immunol, 1986.

C. Rada, G. T. Williams, H. Nilsen, D. E. Barnes, T. Lindahl et al., , 2002.

, Immunoglobulin isotype switching is inhibited and somatic hypermutation perturbed in UNG-deficient mice, Curr. Biol. CB, vol.12, pp.1748-1755

C. Rada, J. M. Di-noia, and M. S. Neuberger, Mismatch recognition and uracil excision provide complementary paths to both Ig switching and the A/T-focused phase of somatic mutation, Mol. Cell, vol.16, pp.163-171, 2004.

K. Rajewsky, Clonal selection and learning in the antibody system, Nature, vol.381, pp.751-758, 1996.

B. Reina-san-martin, J. Chen, A. Nussenzweig, and M. C. Nussenzweig, Enhanced intra-switch region recombination during immunoglobulin class switch recombination in 53BP1-/-B cells, Eur. J. Immunol, vol.37, pp.235-239, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00166263

P. Revy, T. Muto, Y. Levy, F. Geissmann, A. Plebani et al., Activation-induced cytidine deaminase (AID) deficiency causes the autosomal recessive form of the Hyper-IgM syndrome (HIGM2), Cell, vol.102, pp.565-575, 2000.

T. Rijkers, J. Van-den-ouweland, B. Morolli, A. G. Rolink, W. M. Baarends et al., Targeted inactivation of mouse RAD52 reduces homologous recombination but not resistance to ionizing radiation, Mol. Cell. Biol, vol.18, pp.6423-6429, 1998.

I. Robert, F. Dantzer, R. , and B. , Parp1 facilitates alternative NHEJ, whereas Parp2 suppresses IgH/c-myc translocations during immunoglobulin class switch recombination, J. Exp. Med, vol.206, pp.1047-1056, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00387515

A. B. Robertson, A. Klungland, T. Rognes, L. , and I. , DNA repair in mammalian cells: Base excision repair: the long and short of it, Cell. Mol. Life Sci. CMLS, vol.66, pp.981-993, 2009.

D. Rodriguez-abreu, A. Bordoni, and E. Zucca, Epidemiology of hematological malignancies, Ann. Oncol. Off. J. Eur. Soc. Med. Oncol, vol.18, issue.1, pp.3-8, 2007.

E. P. Rogakou, D. R. Pilch, A. H. Orr, V. S. Ivanova, and W. M. Bonner, DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine 139, J. Biol. Chem, vol.273, pp.5858-5868, 1998.

S. Rooney, J. Sekiguchi, C. Zhu, H. L. Cheng, J. Manis et al., Leaky Scid phenotype associated with defective V(D)J coding end processing in Artemis-deficient mice, Mol. Cell, vol.10, pp.1379-1390, 2002.

S. Rooney, J. Chaudhuri, A. , and F. W. , The role of the non-homologous end-joining pathway in lymphocyte development, Immunol. Rev, vol.200, pp.115-131, 2004.

W. P. Roos and B. Kaina, DNA damage-induced cell death by apoptosis, Trends Mol. Med, vol.12, pp.440-450, 2006.

P. Rouaud, A. Saintamand, F. Saad, C. Carrion, S. Lecardeur et al., , 2014.

, Elucidation of the enigmatic IgD class-switch recombination via germline deletion of the IgH 3' regulatory region, J. Exp. Med, vol.211, pp.975-985

A. Saintamand, P. Rouaud, A. Garot, F. Saad, C. Carrion et al., The IgH 3' regulatory region governs ? chain transcription in mature B lymphocytes and the B cell fate, Oncotarget, vol.6, pp.4845-4852, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01212314

H. Saribasak, R. W. Maul, Z. Cao, R. L. Mcclure, W. Yang et al., XRCC1 suppresses somatic hypermutation and promotes alternative nonhomologous end joining in Igh genes, J. Exp. Med, vol.208, pp.2209-2216, 2011.

A. A. Sartori, C. Lukas, J. Coates, M. Mistrik, S. Fu et al., Human CtIP promotes DNA end resection, Nature, vol.450, pp.509-514, 2007.

C. E. Schrader, J. Vardo, and J. Stavnezer, Mlh1 Can Function in Antibody Class Switch Recombination Independently of Msh2, J. Exp. Med, vol.197, pp.1377-1383, 2003.

C. E. Schrader, J. E. Guikema, E. K. Linehan, E. Selsing, and J. Stavnezer, Activation-induced cytidine deaminase-dependent DNA breaks in class switch recombination occur during G1 phase of the cell cycle and depend upon mismatch repair, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.179, pp.6064-6071, 1950.

H. W. Schroeder, M. Zemlin, M. Khass, H. H. Nguyen, and R. L. Schelonka, Genetic control of DH reading frame and its effect on B-cell development and antigen-specifc antibody production, Crit. Rev. Immunol, vol.30, pp.327-344, 2010.

D. B. Schubart, A. Rolink, M. H. Kosco-vilbois, F. Botteri, M. et al., B-cell-specif ic coactivator OBF-1/OCA-B/Bob1 required for immune response and germinal centre formation, Nature, vol.383, pp.538-542, 1996.

I. Schwering, A. Bräuninger, U. Klein, B. Jungnickel, M. Tinguely et al., Loss of the B-lineage-specific gene expression program in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells of Hodgkin lymphoma, Blood, vol.101, pp.1505-1512, 2003.

B. K. Singleton, M. I. Torres-arzayus, S. T. Rottinghaus, G. E. Taccioli, J. et al., The C Terminus of Ku80 Activates the DNA-Dependent Protein Kinase Catalytic Subunit, Mol. Cell. Biol, vol.19, pp.3267-3277, 1999.

L. B. Smith, Nodular lymphocyte predominant Hodgkin lymphoma: diagnostic pearls and pitfalls, Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med, vol.134, pp.1434-1439, 2010.

C. M. Snapper, C. Peschel, and P. We, IFN-gamma stimulates IgG2a secretion by murine B cells stimulated with bacterial lipopolysaccharide, J. Immunol, 1988.

J. A. Solinger and W. Heyer, Rad54 protein stimulates the postsynaptic phase of Rad51 protein-mediated DNA strand exchange, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci, vol.98, pp.8447-8453, 2001.

A. Soni, M. Siemann, M. Grabos, T. Murmann, G. E. Pantelias et al., Requirement for Parp-1 and DNA ligases 1 or 3 but not of Xrcc1 in chromosomal translocation formation by backup end joining, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.42, pp.6380-6392, 2014.

P. Soulas-sprauel, G. Le-guyader, P. Rivera-munoz, V. Abramowski, C. Olivier-martin et al., Role for DNA repair factor XRCC4 in immunoglobulin class switch recombination, J. Exp. Med, vol.204, pp.1717-1727, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00167659

J. Stavnezer, J. E. Guikema, and C. E. Schrader, Mechanism and regulation of class switch recombination, Annu. Rev. Immunol, vol.26, pp.261-292, 2008.

J. Stavnezer, A. Björkman, L. Du, A. Cagigi, and Q. Pan-hammarström, Chapter 3-Mapping of Switch Recombination Junctions, a Tool for Studying DNA Repair Pathways during Immunoglobulin Class Switching, Advances in, pp.45-109, 2010.

G. S. Stewart, B. Wang, C. R. Bignell, A. M. Taylor, and S. J. Elledge, MDC1 is a mediator of the mammalian DNA damage checkpoint, Nature, vol.421, pp.961-966, 2003.

M. Stucki, J. , and S. P. , gammaH2AX and MDC1: anchoring the DNA-damage-response machinery to broken chromosomes, DNA Repair, vol.5, pp.534-543, 2006.

H. Tang and P. A. Sharp, Transcriptional regulation of the murine 3' IgH enhancer by OCT-2, Immunity, vol.11, pp.517-526, 1999.

J. Tang, N. W. Cho, G. Cui, E. M. Manion, N. M. Shanbhag et al., Acetylation limits 53BP1 association with damaged chromatin to promote homologous recombination, Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol, vol.20, pp.317-325, 2013.

G. C. Taylor, R. Eskeland, B. Hekimoglu-balkan, M. M. Pradeepa, and W. A. Bickmore, H4K16 acetylation marks active genes and enhancers of embryonic stem cells, but does not alter chromatin compaction, Genome Res, vol.23, pp.2053-2065, 2013.

L. N. Truong, Y. Li, L. Z. Shi, P. Y. Hwang, J. He et al., Microhomology-mediated End Joining and Homologous Recombination share the initial end resection step to repair DNA double-strand breaks in mammalian cells, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.110, pp.7720-7725, 2013.

T. Tsuzuki, Y. Fujii, K. Sakumi, Y. Tominaga, K. Nakao et al., Targeted disruption of the Rad51 gene leads to lethality in embryonic mice, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.93, pp.6236-6240, 1996.

C. Vincent-fabert, R. Fiancette, E. Pinaud, V. Truffinet, N. Cogné et al., , 2010.

, Genomic deletion of the whole IgH 3? regulatory region (hs3a, hs1,2, hs3b, and hs4) dramatically affects class switch recombination and Ig secretion to all isotypes, Blood, vol.116, pp.1895-1898

M. Wang, W. Wu, W. Wu, B. Rosidi, L. Zhang et al., PARP-1 and Ku compete for repair of DNA double strand breaks by distinct NHEJ pathways, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.34, pp.6170-6182, 2006.

R. Wuerffel, L. Wang, F. Grigera, J. Manis, E. Selsing et al., S-S Synapsis during Class Switch Recombination Is Promoted by Distantly Located Transcriptional Elements and Activation-Induced Deaminase, Immunity, vol.27, pp.711-722, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00363968

Y. Xu, L. Davidson, F. W. Alt, and D. Baltimore, Deletion of the Ig kappa light chain intronic enhancer/matrix attachment region impairs but does not abolish V kappa J kappa rearrangement, Immunity, vol.4, pp.377-385, 1996.

K. Xue, C. Rada, and M. S. Neuberger, The in vivo pattern of AID targeting to immunoglobulin switch regions deduced from mutation spectra in msh2?/? ung?/? mice, J. Exp. Med, vol.203, pp.2085-2094, 2006.

A. Yamane, W. Resch, N. Kuo, S. Kuchen, Z. Li et al., Deep-sequencing identification of the genomic targets of the cytidine deaminase AID and its cofactor RPA in B lymphocytes, Nat. Immunol, vol.12, pp.62-69, 2011.

C. T. Yan, C. Boboila, E. K. Souza, S. Franco, T. R. Hickernell et al., IgH class switching and translocations use a robust non-classical end-joining pathway, Nature, vol.449, pp.478-482, 2007.

M. J. Yousefzadeh, D. W. Wyatt, K. Takata, Y. Mu, S. C. Hensley et al., Mechanism of Suppression of Chromosomal Instability by DNA Polymerase POLQ, PLoS Genet, vol.10, 2014.

X. Yu and R. Baer, Nuclear localization and cell cycle-specific expression of CtIP, a protein that associates with the BRCA1 tumor suppressor, J. Biol. Chem, vol.275, pp.18541-18549, 2000.

H. G. Zachau, The immunoglobulin kappa gene families of human and mouse: a cottage industry approach, Biol. Chem, vol.381, pp.951-954, 2000.

H. Zan, C. Tat, Z. Qiu, J. R. Taylor, J. A. Guerrero et al., Rad52 competes with Ku70/Ku86 for binding to S-region DSB ends to modulate antibody class-switch DNA recombination, Nat. Commun, vol.8, 2017.

L. Zannini, D. Delia, and G. Buscemi, CHK2 kinase in the DNA damage response and beyond, J. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.6, pp.442-457, 2014.

A. A. Zarrin, M. Tian, J. Wang, T. Borjeson, A. et al., Influence of switch region length on immunoglobulin class switch recombination, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.102, pp.2466-2470, 2005.

Z. Z. Zhang, N. R. Pannunzio, L. Han, C. Hsieh, K. Yu et al., The strength of an Ig switch region is determined by its ability to drive R loop formation and its number of WGCW sites, Cell Rep, vol.8, pp.557-569, 2014.

K. Zheng, R. Wu, Y. He, S. Xiao, J. Zhang et al., A competitive formation of DNA:RNA hybrid G-quadruplex is responsible to the mitochondrial transcription termination at the DNA replication priming site, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.42, pp.10832-10844, 2014.

X. Zhou, Y. Xiang, and W. T. Garrard, The Ig? gene enhancers, E3' and Ed, are essential for triggering transcription, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.185, pp.7544-7552, 1950.

X. Zhou, Y. Xiang, X. Ding, and W. T. Garrard, A new hypersensitive site, HS10, and the enhancers E3? and Ed, differentially regulate Ig? gene expression, J. Immunol. Baltim. Md, vol.188, pp.2722-2732, 1950.

Y. Zhuang, P. Soriano, and H. Weintraub, The helix-loop-helix gene E2A is required for B cell formation, Cell, vol.79, pp.875-884, 1994.

, ANNEXES Mes résultats de thèse ont été présentés lors de congrès internationaux