, , 2008.
, Spent nuclear fuel assay data for isotopic validation. State-of-the-art Report, Nuclear Science, 2011.
Experimental Validation of the DARWIN2.3 Package for Fuel Cycle Applications, Nucl. Technol, vol.184, issue.2, p.217, 2013. ,
Simultaneous uranium/plutonium separation and direct isotope ratio measurements by using CO 2 as the gas in a collision/reaction cell based MCICPMS, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.25, issue.12, p.1939, 2010. ,
Cs-Ba separation using N 2 O as a reactant gas in a Multiple Collector-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer collision-reaction cell: Application to the measurements of Cs isotopes in spent nuclear fuel samples, Spectrochim. Acta B, vol.63, issue.11, p.1309, 2008. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00348457
Eu isotopic measurements with in situEu/Gd/Sm separation using O 2 as a reactant gas in collision/reaction cell based MC-ICP-MS, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.25, issue.2, p.201, 2010. ,
Determination of 90 Sr / 238 U ratio by double isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometer with multiple collection in spent nuclear fuel samples with in situ 90Sr / 90Zr separation in a collision-reaction cell, Spectrochim. Acta B, vol.61, issue.2, p.150, 2006. ,
Determination of Am and Cm in spent nuclear fuels by isotope dilution inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and isotope dilution thermal ionization mass spectrometry after separation by high-performance liquid chromatography, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, vol.364, p.320, 1999. ,
Investigations for determination of Gd and Sm isotopic compositions in spent nuclear fuels samples by MC ICPMS, Int. J. Mass Spectrom, vol.246, issue.1-3, p.66, 2005. ,
The Lanthanides-Principles and Energetics, Lanthanide and Actinide Chemistry, p.9, 2006. ,
Revised effective ionic-radii and systematic studies of interatomic distances in halides and chalcogenides, Acta Crystallogr. Sect. A, vol.32, issue.SEP1, p.751, 1976. ,
Hard and soft acids and bases, p. 3533. 13. Vitorge, P., Chimie des actinides, vol.85, 1963. ,
Disequilibrium effects in metal speciation by capillary electrophoresis inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICP-MS); theory, simulations and experiments, Analyst, vol.129, issue.8, p.731, 2004. ,
Hydrolysis of the uranyl ion in sodium nitrate medium, Z. Anorg. Allg. Chem, vol.489, issue.1, p.197, 1982. ,
Utility of oxidation state analogs in the study of plutonium behavior, Radiochim. Acta, vol.85, p.89, 1999. ,
The chemistry of plutonium, 1979. ,
Hydrolysis of plutonium(IV) in acidic solutions: no effect of hydrolysis on absorption-spectra of mononuclear hydroxide complexes, Radiochim. Acta, vol.95, issue.1, p.7, 2007. ,
, Techniques analytiques II.1. L'électrophorèse capillaire, p.40
, LVSS), vol.51
, Etat de l'art sur la séparation des actinides par électrophorèse capillaire (EC) ______ 57
, Spectrométrie de masse à source plasma et multicollection (ICPMS-MC) ______________ 62 II.2.1. Principe de l
, La torche à plasma __________________________________________________________ 64
, Le système d'extraction et de focalisation ________________________________________ 65
, Mesures isotopiques et phénomènes induits _________________________________ 72
Determination of fission products in nuclear samples by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (CE-ICPMS), Int. J. Mass. Spectrom, vol.270, issue.3, p.118, 2008. ,
,
Coupling between chip based isotachophoresis and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for separation and measurement of lanthanides, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.27, issue.5, p.850, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876095
Zur theorie der elektrolytischen doppelschicht. Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie und angewandte physikalische Chemie, vol.30, p.508, 1924. ,
A contribution to the theory of electrocapillarity, Philos. Mag. A, vol.25, issue.148, p.475, 1913. ,
Sur la constitution de la charge électrique à la surface d'un électrolyte, J. Phys. Theor. Appl, vol.9, issue.1, p.457, 1910. ,
Capillaries and the Electroosmotic Flow, Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation and Operation, p.28, 2000. ,
La spéciation du plutonium à l'état de traces par le couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectrométrie de masse à source plasma couplée par induction, 2007. ,
, , 1980.
The Principles of Separation in CE, The Separation of Enantiomers by Capillary Electrophoresis, p.15, 2001. ,
Kohlrausch regulating function and other conservation laws in electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.28, issue.1-2, p.3, 2007. ,
Recent applications of on-line sample preconcentration techniques in capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.1335, p.43, 2014. ,
Contemporary sample stacking in CE: A sophisticated tool based on simple principles, Electrophoresis, vol.28, issue.1-2, p.243, 2007. ,
Contemporary sample stacking in analytical electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.36, issue.1, p.15, 2015. ,
Sample stacking of fast-moving anions in capillary zone electrophoresis with pH-suppressed electroosmotic flow, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.850, issue.1-2, p.339, 1999. ,
Sample stacking of cationic and anionic analytes in capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.902, issue.1, p.119, 2000. ,
On-line sample preconcentration in capillary electrophoresis: Fundamentals and applications, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.1184, issue.1-2, p.11, 1979. ,
Optimization in sample stacking for high-performance capillary electrophoresis Analytical Chemistry, vol.63, p.2042, 1991. ,
Electroosmotic properties and peak broadening in fieldamplified capillary electrophoresis, Analytical Chemistry, vol.63, issue.14, p.1354, 1991. ,
Stacking and discontinuous buffers in capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.21, issue.14, p.2872, 2000. ,
Sample stacking for charged phenol derivatives in capillary zone electrophoresis, Fresenius J. Anal. Chem, vol.350, issue.6, p.368, 1994. ,
Determination of arsenic species by field amplified injection capillary electrophoresis after modification of the sample solution with methanol, Anal. Chim. Acta, vol.389, issue.1-3, p.9, 1999. ,
La spéciation du plutonium à l'état de traces par le couplage électrophorèse capillaire-spectrométrie de masse à source plasma couplée par induction, 2007. ,
Développement d'une plateforme analytique jetable basée sur l'isotachophorèse pour la séparation et la caractérisation isotopique des lanthanides, 2010. ,
The Background Electrolyte, Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation and Operation, p.36, 2000. ,
Capillaries and the Electroosmotic Flow, Capillary Electrophoresis: Instrumentation and Operation, p.28, 2000. ,
Separation and analysis of lanthanides by isotachophoresis coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry, Talanta, vol.99, p.586, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.talanta.2012.06.041
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876090
Simultaneous separation of yttrium and lanthanide ions by isotachophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.772, issue.1-2, p.357, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00055-1
Complex-forming equilibria in isotachophoresis : VI. simulation of isotachophoretic equilibria of lathanoids and determination mobilities and stability constants of acetate and ?-hydroxyisobutyrate complexes, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.312, issue.0, p.11, 1984. ,
Separation of rare-earth ions by isotachophoresis and capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.802, issue.1, p.203, 1998. ,
Isotachophoretic separation of rare earth ions I. Separation behaviour of yttrium and fourteen lanthanide ions forming complexes with tartaric acid and ?-hydroxyisobutyric acid, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.689, issue.1, p.149, 1995. ,
Determination of lanthanides and yttrium in high purity dysprosium by rp-hplc using alphahydroxyisobutyric acid as an eluent, Journal of Liquid Chromatography & Related Technologies, vol.36, issue.11, p.1513, 2013. ,
Pu(IV) and Pu(VI) on a RP stationary phase in presence of ?-Hydroxyisobutyric acid as a chelating agent, Telmore Liquid chromatographic studies on the behaviour of Pu(III), vol.105, p.295, 2017. ,
Separation and determination of lanthanides, thorium and uranium using a dual gradient in reversed-phase liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.1052, issue.1, p.131, 2004. ,
Neodymium isotope ratio measurements by LC-MC-ICPMS for nuclear applications: investigation of isotopic fractionation and mass bias correction, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.30, issue.2, p.443, 2015. ,
Complexation of thorium(IV) with acetate at variable temperatures, Dalton Trans, p.2867, 2004. ,
Studies on the retention behaviour of ?-hydroxyisobutyric acid complexes of thorium(IV) and uranyl ion in reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.640, issue.1, p.187, 1993. ,
Solubility of Thorium(IV) in the Presence of Oxalic and Malonic Acids, J. Nucl. Sci. Technol, vol.46, issue.11, p.1085, 2009. ,
Study of uranyl(VI) malonate complexation by time resolved laser-induced fluorescence spectroscopy (TRLFS), Radiochim. Acta, vol.90, issue.3, p.147, 2002. ,
DOI : 10.1524/ract.2002.90.3_2002.147
Separation of plutonium and neptunium species by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and application to natural groundwater samples, Analytical Chemistry, vol.75, issue.24, p.6769, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1021/ac0347213
Separation and direct UV detection of complexed lanthanides, thorium and uranyl ions with 2-thenoyltrifluoroacetone by using capillary zone electrophoresis, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem, vol.302, issue.3, p.1143, 2014. ,
DOI : 10.1007/s10967-014-3306-8
,
Coupling between chip based isotachophoresis and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for separation and measurement of lanthanides, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.27, issue.5, p.850, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876095
Determination of cationic mobilities and pKa values of 22 amino acids by capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.25, issue.2, p.309, 2004. ,
Analysis of amino acids by miniaturised isotachophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, p.221, 2004. ,
Measurement of mobilities and dissociation constants by capillary isotachophoresis, Chem. Rev, vol.89, issue.2, p.419, 1989. ,
The quantitation of a residual quaternary amine in bulk drug and process streams using capillary electrophoresis, J. Liq. Chromatogr. Related Technol, vol.20, issue.2, p.257, 1997. ,
Correlation between formula weights and absolute mobilities obtained by isotachophoresis for alkylammonium and carboxylate ions, Chem. Lett, vol.8, issue.8, p.891, 1979. ,
, Transient ITP in Nonaqueous CE by Introducing Ions with a Long Hydrophobic Chain as Terminating Ions, vol.63, p.513, 2006.
Complex formation in cationic isotachrophoresis: termination of acidic systems, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.242, issue.2, p.245, 1982. ,
Migration behavior of the hydrogen-ion and its role in isotachophoresis of cations, J. Chromatogr, vol.217, p.209, 1981. ,
Concept of the effective mobility of the hydrogen ion and its use in cationic isotachophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.219, issue.1, p.21, 1981. ,
Advanced electrolyte tuning and selectivity enhancement for highly sensitive analysis of cations by capillary ITP-ESI MS, Electrophoresis, vol.34, issue.5, p.777, 2013. ,
Inverse electrolyte systems in isotachophoresis : Impact of the terminating electrolyte on the migrating zones in cationic analysis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.470, issue.1, p.3, 1989. ,
Round-robin 230 Th-234 U age dating of bulk uranium for nuclear forensics, J. Radioanal. Nucl. Chem, vol.307, issue.3, p.2055, 2015. ,
Validation of reference materials for uranium radiochronometry in the frame of nuclear forensic investigations, Appl. Radiat. Isot, vol.102, p.81, 2015. ,
A review on the mass spectrometric analysis of thorium, Radiochim. Acta, vol.104, issue.7, 2016. ,
Nuclear Forensic Science: Analysis of Nuclear Material Out of Regulatory Control, Annu. Rev. Earth Planet. Sci, vol.44, issue.1, p.555, 2016. ,
Development and validation of a methodology for uranium radiochronometry reference material preparation, Anal. Chim. Acta, vol.718, p.25, 2012. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.aca.2011.12.048
,
, IV.1. Introduction, vol.123
Matériels et conditions expérimentales ___________________________________ 124 ,
, IV.2.1. Instrumentation, vol.124
, IV.2.1.1. Alimentation électrique _______________________________________________________ 125
, IV.2.1.2. Gestion des fluides et des pressions _____________________________________________ 127
, IV.3.2. Transposition de la séparation pour U-Pu _____________________________________ 139
, Application de la séparation à une solution de combustible MOX ______________________ 154
, IV.5. Références bibliographiques ____________________________________________ 163
, Séparation électrophorétique de l'U, du Pu et du bloc lanthanides IV.5. Références bibliographiques
Separation of plutonium and neptunium species by capillary electrophoresis-inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry and application to natural groundwater samples, Analytical Chemistry, vol.75, issue.24, p.6769, 2003. ,
, Sensitive Redox Speciation of Iron, Neptunium, and Plutonium by Capillary Electrophoresis Hyphenated to Inductively Coupled Plasma Sector Field Mass Spectrometry, vol.87, p.9786, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01904326
Colloid-borne forms of tetravalent actinides: a brief review, J. Contam. Hydrol, vol.157, p.87, 2014. ,
, Aqueous complexation of thorium(IV), uranium(IV), neptunium(IV), plutonium(III/IV), and cerium(III/IV) with DTPA, vol.51, p.7741, 2012.
Complex Formation of the Uranyl (UO 2 2+ ) Ion with the Diethylene Triaminopentaacetate (DTPA) Ligand at 25 °C in 3 M Sodium Perchlorate, J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol.56, issue.5, p.2110, 2011. ,
Acid dissociation constants and rare earth stability constants for DTPA, J. Solution Chem, vol.43, issue.2, p.298, 2014. ,
Separation and sweeping of metal ions with EDTA in CZEESI-MS, J. Sep. Sci, vol.34, p.2872, 1920. ,
Determining lead, cadmium and mercury in cosmetics using sweeping via dynamic chelation by capillary electrophoresis, Anal. Bioanal. Chem, vol.409, issue.9, p.2461, 2017. ,
New insights into formation of trivalent actinides complexes with DTPA, Inorg. Chem, vol.51, issue.23, p.12638, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00781196
Determination of Neptunium and Plutonium in the Presence of High Concentrations of Uranium by Ion Chromatography-Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.12, issue.3, p.355, 1997. ,
Determination of transuranium isotopes (Pu, Np, Am) by radiometric techniques: a review of analytical methodology, Analytical Chemistry, vol.83, issue.12, p.4688, 2011. ,
Pu(IV) and Pu(VI) on a RP stationary phase in presence of ?-Hydroxyisobutyric acid as a chelating agent, Telmore Liquid chromatographic studies on the behaviour of Pu(III), vol.105, p.295, 2017. ,
, Références Bibliographiques
High-precision isotopic analysis of essential mineral elements in biomedicine: natural isotope ratio variations as potential diagnostic and/or prognostic markers, TrAC Trends. Anal. Chem, vol.76, p.182, 2016. ,
Applications of multiple collector-ICPMS to cosmochemistry, geochemistry, and paleoceanography, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.62, issue.6, p.919, 1998. ,
Forensic Mass Spectrometry, Annu. Rev. Anal. Chem, vol.8, p.419, 2015. ,
Invited review article: Recent developments in isotope-ratio mass spectrometry for geochemistry and cosmochemistry, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.84, issue.1, p.11101, 2013. ,
Application of non-traditional stable isotopes in analytical ecogeochemistry assessed by MC ICP-MS-A critical review, Anal. Bioanal. Chem, vol.408, issue.2, p.369, 2016. ,
Mass-independent isotope fractionation of heavy elements measured by MC-ICPMS: a unique probe in environmental sciences, Anal. Bioanal. Chem, vol.400, issue.6, p.1619, 2011. ,
Evidence of isotopic fractionation of natural uranium in cultured human cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.113, p.14007, 2016. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01758782
Precise and accurate isotopic measurements using multiple-collector ICPMS, Geochim. Cosmochim. Acta, vol.68, issue.12, p.2725, 2004. ,
Speciesspecific stable isotope analysis by the hyphenation of chromatographic techniques with MCICPMS, Mass. Spectrom. Rev, vol.31, issue.4, p.504, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01590298
Coupling electrophoretic separation with inductively coupled plasma spectroscopic detection: interfaces and applications from elemental speciation, metal-ligand interaction to indirect determination, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.31, issue.9, p.1780, 2016. ,
Neodymium isotope ratio measurements by LC-MC-ICPMS for nuclear applications: investigation of isotopic fractionation and mass bias correction, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.30, issue.2, p.443, 2015. ,
Measurement of isotope ratios on transient signals by MC-ICP-MS, Anal. Bioanal. Chem, vol.378, issue.2, p.241, 2004. ,
,
Coupling between chip based isotachophoresis and multi-collector inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry for separation and measurement of lanthanides, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.27, issue.5, p.850, 2012. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00876095
Method for isotope ratio drift correction by internal amplifier signal synchronization in MC-ICPMS transient signals, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.29, issue.9, p.1607, 2014. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01590281
Transient signal isotope analysis: validation of the method for isotope signal synchronization with the determination of amplifier first-order time constants, Rapid. Commun. Mass. Spectrom, vol.29, issue.18, p.1582, 2015. ,
Fast isotopic separation of 10 B and 11 B boric acid by capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.37, issue.22, p.3017, 2016. ,
Isotopic separation of lithium ions by capillary zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.36, issue.24, p.3014, 2015. ,
Separation of Chloride Isotopes by Capillary Electrophoresis Based on the Isotope Effect on Ion Mobility, Analytical Chemistry, vol.67, issue.6, pp.1074-1078, 1995. ,
Electrophoretic mobilities of the isotopes of chloride and bromide ions in aqueous solution at 25 °C and infinite dilution, J. Solution Chem, vol.40, issue.9, p.586, 2011. ,
Isotopic analysis of rare earth elements by total vaporization of samples in thermal ionization mass spectrometry, Int. J. Mass Spectrom. Ion Process, vol.120, issue.3, p.163, 1992. ,
Dynamic time correction for high precision isotope ratio measurements, p.2017 ,
Deconvolution of the isotopic drift in LC-MC-ICPMS coupling: a new tool for studying isotope fractionation induced by sample introduction techniques, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.32, issue.7, p.1428, 2017. ,
An alternative data acquisition and evaluation strategy for improved isotope ratio precision using LA-MC-ICP-MS applied to stable and radiogenic strontium isotopes in carbonates, J. Anal. At. Spectrom, vol.23, issue.7, p.955, 2008. ,
Open source simulation tool for electrophoretic stacking, focusing, and separation, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.1216, issue.6, p.1008, 2009. ,
Sample dispersion in isotachophoresis with Poiseuille counterflow, Phys. Fluids, vol.25, issue.2, p.22001, 2013. ,
Determination of trace cationic impurities in butylmethylimidazolium-based ionic liquids: from transient to comprehensive single-capillary counterflow isotachophoresis-zone electrophoresis, Electrophoresis, vol.27, issue.23, p.4859, 2006. ,
Evaluation of dual sample introduction systems by comparison of cyclonic spray chambers with different entrance angles for ICP-OES, Microchem. J, vol.93, issue.2, p.127, 2009. ,
Nd isotope ratio measurements by liquid chromatography coupled to MC-ICPMS with variable Faraday cup configurations during elution, Talanta, vol.162, p.278, 2017. ,
Hydrolysis contributions in U(VI) spectroscopic speciation in acetate media, Inorg. Chim. Acta, vol.426, p.113, 2015. ,
Uranyl complexation with acetate studied by means of affinity capillary electrophoresis, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.1289, p.133, 2013. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00842561
Interaction of uranyl with acetate in aqueous solutions at variable temperatures, J. Chem. Thermodyn, vol.71, p.148, 2014. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00957828
Sorption de lanthanides et actinides en présence de complexants organiques simples, 2004. ,
Studies on the retention behaviour of ?-hydroxyisobutyric acid complexes of thorium(IV) and uranyl ion in reversed-phase highperformance liquid chromatography, J. Chromatogr. A, vol.640, issue.1, p.187, 1993. ,
Complexes of uranyl ion with butyric and isobutyric acids, J. Inorg. Nucl. Chem, vol.31, issue.6, p.1765, 1969. ,
Complex Formation of the Uranyl (UO 2 2+ ) Ion with the Diethylene Triaminopentaacetate (DTPA) Ligand at 25 °C in 3 M Sodium Perchlorate, J. Chem. Eng. Data, vol.56, issue.5, p.2110, 2011. ,
Sequestering ability of polyaminopolycarboxylic ligands towards dioxouranium(VI) cation, J. Alloys Compd, vol.424, issue.1-2, p.93, 2006. ,
Complexes of plutonium(III) with acetate, Inorg. Chim. Acta, vol.2, p.285, 1968. ,
Spektrofotometrische Untersuchungen von PuIV-Acetatkomplexen in wäßriger Lösung, Z. Phys. Chem, vol.224, issue.1, p.29, 1963. ,
Potentiometric studies on plutonium. I. Investigation of the complex formation between Pu (IV) and Pu (III) and acetate ions, Z. Phys. Chem.(Leipzig), vol.220, p.339, 1962. ,
Spectrophotometry of plutonium(VI) complex reaction equilibria. Plutonyl acetate, Radiochim. Acta, vol.10, issue.1-2, p.91, 1968. ,
Complex of plutonyl ion with acetate, Inorganica Chimica Acta, vol.2, p.237, 1968. ,
The chemistry of plutonium, 1979. ,
Correlation of retention of lanthanide and actinide complexes with stability constants and their speciation, Radiochim. Acta, vol.101, issue.2, p.81, 2013. ,
, Aqueous complexation of thorium(IV), uranium(IV), neptunium(IV), plutonium(III/IV), and cerium(III/IV) with DTPA, vol.51, p.7741, 2012.
Etude de la spéciation des actinides vis-à-vis de ligands d'intérêt pour la décorporation, 2008. ,
Revisiting actinideDTPA complexes in aqueous solution by CE-ICPMS and ab initio molecular dynamics, RSC Adv, vol.6, issue.67, p.62729, 2016. ,