, Chloé Dominici 1 , Pavol Zelina 1 , Quentin Rappeneau 1 , Stéphane Fouquet 1 and Alain

R. Moreau, Correspondence: Dr Alain Chédotal, p.153462502

, e-mail: alain.chedotal@inserm.fr

, Running title: The migration of precerebellar neurons does not require Robo Keywords: cerebellum, inferior olive, floor plate, Roundabout, Slit, migration Number of Figures: 10; Number of pages: 32 Number of words : Abstract, Introduction, Discussion Conflict of interests : none Acknowledgments

, François Brunet for providing mouse lines. C.D was recipient of a fellowship from the "Fondation pour la Recherche Médicale" (FRM), the Agence Nationale de la Recherche

J. Altman and S. A. Bayer, Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: I. The precerebellar neuroepithelium of the rhombencephalon, J Comp Neurol, vol.257, pp.477-489, 1987.

. Azizi-s-a and D. J. Woodward, Inferior olivary nuclear complex of the rat: morphology and comments on the principles of organization within the olivocerebellar system, J Comp Neurol, vol.263, pp.467-484, 1987.

S. Backer, T. Sakurai, M. Grumet, C. Sotelo, and E. Bloch-gallego, NR-CAM an TAG-1 are Expressed in Distinct Populations of Developing Precerebellar and Cerebellar Neurons, Neuroscience, vol.113, pp.743-748, 2002.

A. Badura, M. Schonewille, K. Voges, E. Galliano, N. Renier et al., Climbing Fiber Input Shapes Reciprocity of Purkinje Cell Firing, pp.1-14, 2013.

A. Bagri, O. Marin, A. S. Plump, J. Mak, S. J. Pleasure et al., Slit proteins prevent midline crossing and determine the dorsoventral position of major axonal pathways in the mammalian forebrain, PLoS Biol, vol.33, p.159, 2002.

, His W (1891) Die Entwickelung des menschlichen Rautenhirns vom Ende des ersten bis zum Beginn des dritten Monats. Abhandlungen der königlich sächsischen Gesellschafi der Wissenschaften, Math Klasse, vol.29, pp.1-74

T. Jacks, A. Fazeli, E. M. Schmitt, R. T. Bronson, M. A. Goodell et al., Effects of an Rb mutation in the mouse, Nature, vol.359, pp.295-300, 1992.

A. Jaworski, H. Long, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Collaborative and Specialized Functions of Robo1 and Robo2 in Spinal Commissural Axon Guidance, J Neurosci, vol.30, pp.9445-9453, 2010.

J. C. Jen, Mutations in a human ROBO gene disrupt hindbrain axon pathway crossing and morphogenesis, Science (80-), vol.304, pp.1509-1513, 2004.

M. Joksimovic, R. Kittappa, A. M. Anderegg, W. W. Chang, M. M. Taketo et al., Wnt antagonism of Shh facilitates midbrain floor plate neurogenesis, Nat Neurosci, vol.12, pp.125-131, 2009.

Y. Kawaguchi, B. Cooper, M. Gannon, M. Ray, R. J. Macdonald et al., The role of the transcriptional regulator Ptf1a in converting intestinal to pancreatic progenitors, 2002.

, Nat Genet, vol.32, pp.128-134

D. Kawauchi, H. Taniguchi, H. Watanabe, T. Saito, and F. Murakami, Direct visualization of nucleogenesis by precerebellar neurons: involvement of ventricle-directed, radial fibre-associated migration, Development, vol.133, pp.1113-1123, 2006.

T. Kidd, K. S. Bland, and C. S. Goodman, Slit is the midline repellent for the robo receptor in Drosophila, Cell, vol.96, pp.785-794, 1999.

T. Kidd, K. Brose, K. J. Mitchell, R. D. Fetter, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., Roundabout controls axon crossing of the CNS midline and defines a novel subfamily of evolutionarily conserved guidance receptors, Cell, vol.92, pp.205-215, 1998.

E. Lee, C. Chang, N. Hu, Y. Wang, C. Lai et al., Mice deficient for Rb are nonviable and show defects in neurogenesis and haematopoiesis, Nature, vol.359, pp.288-294, 1992.

E. D. Litwack, Y. Lee, and J. M. Mallott, , vol.1117, pp.12-17, 2006.

H. Long, C. Sabatier, L. Ma, A. S. Plump, W. Yuan et al., Conserved roles for Slit and Robo proteins in midline commissural axon guidance, Neuron, vol.42, pp.213-223, 2004.

G. López-bendito, N. Flames, L. Ma, C. Fouquet, D. Meglio et al., Robo1 and Robo2 cooperate to control the guidance of major axonal tracts in the mammalian forebrain, J Neurosci, vol.27, pp.3395-3407, 2007.

E. C. Maandag, M. Van-der-valk, M. Vlaar, C. Feltkamp, J. O'brien et al., Developmental rescue of an embryonic-lethal mutation in the retinoblastoma gene in chimeric mice, EMBO J, vol.13, pp.4260-4268, 1994.

D. Macpherson, J. Sage, D. Crowley, A. Trumpp, R. T. Bronson et al., Conditional mutation of Rb causes cell cycle defects without apoptosis in the central nervous system, Mol Cell Biol, vol.23, pp.1044-1053, 2003.

S. Marcos, S. Backer, F. Causeret, M. Tessier-lavigne, and E. Bloch-gallego, Differential roles of Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC in inferior olivary neuron migration, Mol Cell Neurosci, vol.41, pp.429-439, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00502963

V. Marillat, A. Chédotal, O. Cases, K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., Spatiotemporal expression patterns of slit and robo genes in the rat brain, 2002.

, Comp Neurol, vol.442, pp.130-155

V. Marillat, C. Sabatier, V. Failli, E. Matsunaga, C. Sotelo et al., The netrins define a family of axon outgrowth-promoting proteins homologous to C. elegans UNC-6, Cell, vol.78, pp.409-424, 1994.

N. Ishii, W. G. Wadsworth, B. D. Stern, J. G. Culotti, and E. Hedgecock,

, UNC-6, a laminin-related protein, guides cell and pioneer axon migrations in C. elegans, Neuron, vol.9, pp.873-881, 1992.

K. J. Mitchell, Vibrissae representation in subcortical trigeminal centers of the neonatal rat, J Comp Neurol, vol.183, pp.305-321, 1979.

M. Belle, D. Godefroy, C. Dominici, C. Heitz-marchaland, P. Zelina et al., , 2014.

A. Chédotal, Further tales of the midline, Curr Opin Neurobiol, vol.21, pp.68-75, 2011.

M. Constantine-paton and M. I. Law, Eye-specific termination bands in tecta of three-eyed frogs, Science, vol.202, pp.639-641, 1978.

(. Robo3 and G. , TAG-1 (D-F) immunostaining and 3DISCO clearing in E16 Slit and Robo mutant embryos, Robo1 À/À

D. , In a Robo3 À/À mutant, the FR reaches the IPN, where they cross the midline and extend caudally within the midline. (G-I)

J. Shh,

À. Slit1, In both cases, FR axons reach the IPN and then form a dense meshwork at the floor plate level from which two axon bundles emerge and extend along the floor plate rostrally (1) and caudally

M. Shh,

À. Slit1, FR axons from two large commissures: a rostral one (1) and a caudal one (2). A small tract leaves the rostral commissure to grow along the floor plate (arrowheads in M and N). In the second case (O), three commissures are observed, Slit2 lox/lox ;Slit3 À/À embryos (#1 and #2)

, Moreover, two small fascicles extend caudally on both sides (arrowheads)

A. , B. , D. , E. , G. et al., 50 mm (C and I), 100 mm (O), 150 mm (K), and 200 mm, Scale bars represent 40 mm (F)

. Belle, A Simple Method for 3D Analysis of Immunolabeled Axonal Tracts in a Transparent Nervous System, Cell Reports, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01944649

R. J. Ferland, T. J. Cherry, P. O. Preware, E. E. Morrisey, W. et al., Characterization of Foxp2 and Foxp1 mRNA and protein in the developing and mature brain, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.460, pp.266-279, 2003.

M. C. Figdor and C. D. Stern, Segmental organization of embryonic diencephalon, Nature, vol.363, pp.630-634, 1993.

C. D. Fowler, Q. Lu, P. M. Johnson, M. J. Marks, K. et al., , 2011.

, Habenular a5 nicotinic receptor subunit signalling controls nicotine intake, Nature, vol.471, pp.597-601

H. Fujita and I. Sugihara, FoxP2 expression in the cerebellum and inferior olive: development of the transverse stripe-shaped expression pattern in the mouse cerebellar cortex, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.520, pp.656-677, 2012.

H. Funato, Y. Saito-nakazato, and H. Takahashi, Axonal growth from the habenular nucleus along the neuromere boundary region of the diencephalon is regulated by semaphorin 3F and netrin-1, Mol. Cell. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.206-220, 2000.

D. A. Gibson, S. Tymanskyj, R. C. Yuan, H. C. Leung, J. L. Lefebvre et al., Dendrite self-avoidance requires cell-autonomous slit/robo signaling in cerebellar purkinje cells, Neuron, vol.81, pp.1040-1056, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.009

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuron.2014.01.009

U. Grieshammer, L. Ma, A. S. Plump, F. Wang, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., SLIT2-mediated ROBO2 signaling restricts kidney induction to a single site, Dev. Cell, vol.6, pp.709-717, 2004.

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori et al., Scale: a chemical approach for fluorescence imaging and reconstruction of transparent mouse brain, Nat. Neurosci, vol.14, pp.1481-1488, 2011.

B. D. Harfe, P. J. Scherz, S. Nissim, H. Tian, A. P. Mcmahon et al., Evidence for an expansion-based temporal Shh gradient in specifying vertebrate digit identities, Cell, vol.118, pp.517-528, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.024

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2004.07.024

M. Helmstaedter, K. L. Briggman, S. C. Turaga, V. Jain, H. S. Seung et al., Connectomic reconstruction of the inner plexiform layer in the mouse retina, Nature, vol.500, pp.168-174, 2013.

M. Herkenham and W. J. Nauta, Efferent connections of the habenular nuclei in the rat, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.187, pp.19-47, 1979.

O. Hikosaka, The habenula: from stress evasion to value-based decision-making, Nat. Rev. Neurosci, vol.11, pp.503-513, 2010.

S. Hippenmeyer, E. Vrieseling, M. Sigrist, T. Portmann, C. Laengle et al., A developmental switch in the response of DRG neurons to ETS transcription factor signaling, PLoS Biol, vol.3, p.159, 2005.

N. Iwahori, K. Nakamura, and S. Kameda, Terminal patterns of the fasciculus retroflexus in the interpeduncular nucleus of the mouse: a Golgi study, Anat. Embryol. (Berl.), vol.187, pp.523-528, 1993.

A. Jaworski, H. Long, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Collaborative and specialized functions of Robo1 and Robo2 in spinal commissural axon guidance, J. Neurosci, vol.30, pp.9445-9453, 2010.

M. T. Ke, S. Fujimoto, and T. Imai, SeeDB: a simple and morphologypreserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction, Nat. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.1154-1161, 2013.

A. L. Kolodkin, D. J. Matthes, and C. S. Goodman, The semaphorin genes encode a family of transmembrane and secreted growth cone guidance molecules, Cell, vol.75, pp.1389-1399, 1993.

D. Kopinke, M. Brailsford, F. C. Pan, M. A. Magnuson, C. V. Wright et al., Ongoing Notch signaling maintains phenotypic fidelity in the adult exocrine pancreas, Dev. Biol, vol.362, pp.57-64, 2012.

M. J. Kuhar, R. N. Dehaven, H. I. Yamamura, H. Rommel-spacher, and J. R. Simon, Further evidence for cholinergic habenulo-interpeduncular neurons: pharmacologic and functional characteristics, Brain Res, vol.97, pp.265-275, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-8993(75)90449-7

J. W. Lewcock, N. Genoud, K. Lettieri, and S. L. Pfaff, The ubiquitin ligase Phr1 regulates axon outgrowth through modulation of microtubule dynamics, Neuron, vol.56, pp.604-620, 2007.

H. Long, C. Sabatier, L. Ma, A. Plump, W. Yuan et al., Conserved roles for Slit and Robo proteins in midline commissural axon guidance, Neuron, vol.42, pp.213-223, 2004.

L. Madisen, T. A. Zwingman, S. M. Sunkin, S. W. Oh, H. A. Zariwala et al., A robust and high-throughput Cre reporting and characterization system for the whole mouse brain, Nat. Neurosci, vol.13, pp.133-140, 2010.

V. Marillat, O. Cases, K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, M. Tessier-lavigne, C. Sotelo et al., Spatiotemporal expression patterns of slit and robo genes in the rat brain, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.442, pp.130-155, 2002.

V. Marillat, C. Sabatier, V. Failli, E. Matsunaga, C. Sotelo et al., The slit receptor Rig-1/Robo3 controls midline crossing by hindbrain precerebellar neurons and axons, Neuron, vol.43, pp.69-79, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00080701

J. Merte, Q. Wang, C. W. Vander-kooi, S. Sarsfield, D. J. Leahy et al., A forward genetic screen in mice identifies Sema3A(K108N), which binds to neuropilin-1 but cannot signal, J. Neurosci, vol.30, pp.5767-5775, 2010.

A. S. Plump, L. Erskine, C. Sabatier, K. Brose, C. J. Epstein et al., Slit1 and Slit2 cooperate to prevent premature midline crossing of retinal axons in the mouse visual system, Neuron, vol.33, pp.219-232, 2002.

L. A. Quina, S. Wang, L. Ng, and E. E. Turner, Brn3a and Nurr1 mediate a gene regulatory pathway for habenula development, J. Neurosci, vol.29, pp.14309-14322, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/jneurosci.2430-09.2009

URL : http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/29/45/14309.full.pdf

S. Ramon-y-cajal, Histologie Systè me Nerveux de L'homme et des Verté bré s, Maloine), vol.2, 1911.

C. Sabatier, A. S. Plump, L. Ma, K. Brose, A. Tamada et al., The divergent Robo family protein rig, 2004.

, Robo3 is a negative regulator of slit responsiveness required for midline crossing by commissural axons, Cell, vol.117, pp.157-169

A. Sahay, M. E. Molliver, D. D. Ginty, and A. L. Kolodkin, Semaphorin 3F is critical for development of limbic system circuitry and is required in neurons for selective CNS axon guidance events, J. Neurosci, vol.23, pp.6671-6680, 2003.

J. Schindelin, I. Arganda-carreras, E. Frise, V. Kaynig, M. Longair et al., Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis, Nat. Methods, vol.9, pp.676-682, 2012.

E. R. Schmidt, S. Brignani, Y. Adolfs, S. Lemstra, J. Demmers et al., Subdomain-mediated axon-axon signaling and chemoattraction cooperate to regulate afferent innervation of the lateral habenula, Neuron, vol.83, pp.372-387, 2014.

M. Seeger, G. Tear, D. Ferres-marco, and C. S. Goodman, Mutations affecting growth cone guidance in Drosophila: genes necessary for guidance toward or away from the midline, Neuron, vol.10, pp.409-426, 1993.

T. Serafini, S. A. Colamarino, E. D. Leonardo, H. Wang, R. Beddington et al., , 1996.

E. A. Susaki, K. Tainaka, D. Perrin, F. Kishino, T. Tawara et al., Whole-brain imaging with single-cell resolution using chemical cocktails and computational analysis, Cell, vol.157, pp.726-739, 2014.

R. Tomer, L. Ye, B. Hsueh, K. Deisseroth, D. M. Van-den-heuvel et al., Spatiotemporal expression of repulsive guidance molecules (RGMs) and their receptor neogenin in the mouse brain, Nat. Protoc, vol.9, p.55828, 2013.

D. P. Wolfer, A. Henehan-beatty, E. T. Stoeckli, P. Sonderegger, and H. P. Lipp, Distribution of TAG-1/axonin-1 in fibre tracts and migratory streams of the developing mouse nervous system, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.345, pp.1-32, 1994.

T. Yamaguchi, T. Danjo, I. Pastan, T. Hikida, and S. Nakanishi, Distinct roles of segregated transmission of the septo-habenular pathway in anxiety and fear, Neuron, vol.78, pp.537-544, 2013.

M. Yamamoto, A. M. Boyer, J. E. Crandall, M. Edwards, and H. Tanaka, Distribution of stage-specific neurite-associated proteins in the developing murine nervous system recognized by a monoclonal antibody, 1986.

, J. Neurosci, vol.6, pp.3576-3594

B. Yang, J. B. Treweek, R. P. Kulkarni, B. E. Deverman, C. K. Chen et al., Single-cell phenotyping within transparent intact tissue through whole-body clearing, Cell, vol.158, pp.945-958, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.017

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cell.2014.07.017

W. Yuan, Y. Rao, R. P. Babiuk, J. J. Greer, J. Y. Wu et al., , 2003.

, A genetic model for a central (septum transversum) congenital diaphragmatic hernia in mice lacking Slit3, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, vol.100, pp.5217-5222

J. A. Zallen, B. A. Yi, and C. I. Bargmann, The conserved immunoglobulin superfamily member SAX-3/Robo directs multiple aspects of axon guidance in C. elegans, Cell, vol.92, pp.217-227, 1998.

S. L. Ackerman, L. P. Kozak, S. A. Przyborski, and L. A. Rund,

B. B. Knowles, The mouse rostral cerebellar malformation gene encodes an UNC-5-like protein, Nature, vol.386, pp.838-842, 1997.

G. Ahmed, Y. Shinmyo, K. Ohta, S. M. Islam, M. Hossain et al., Draxin Inhibits Axonal Outgrowth through the Netrin Receptor DCC, J. Neurosci, vol.31, pp.14018-14023, 2011.
DOI : 10.1523/jneurosci.0943-11.2011

URL : http://www.jneurosci.org/content/jneuro/31/39/14018.full.pdf

C. Akazawa, M. Ishibashi, C. Shimizu, S. Nakanishi, and R. Kageyama, , 1995.

, A Mammalian Helix-Loop-Helix Factor Structurally Related to the Product of

, Drosophila Proneural Gene atonal Is a Positive Transcriptional Regulator Expressed in the Developing Nervous System, J. Biol. Chem, vol.270, pp.8730-8738

W. A. Alaynick, T. M. Jessell, and S. L. Pfaff, SnapShot: Spinal Cord Development, Cell, vol.146, pp.178-178, 2011.

J. Altman and S. A. Bayer, The development of the rat spinal cord, 1984.

, Anat. Embryol. Cell Biol, vol.85, pp.1-164

J. Altman and S. A. Bayer, Development of the precerebellar nuclei in the rat: I. The precerebellar neuroepithelium of the rhombencephalon, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.257, pp.477-489, 1987.

W. D. Andrews, C. Plachez, A. Liapi, L. Camurri, J. Zhang et al.,

F. Murakami, J. G. Parnavelas, V. Sundaresan, and L. J. Richards, , vol.133, pp.2243-2252, 2006.

Y. Aoyagi, R. Kawakami, H. Osanai, T. Hibi, T. Nemoto et al., A Rapid Optical Clearing Protocol Using 2,2?-Thiodiethanol for Microscopic Observation of Fixed Mouse Brain, PLoS One, vol.10, 2015.

E. Arbeille, F. Reynaud, I. Sanyas, M. Bozon, K. Kindbeiter et al., , 2015.

, Nat. Commun, vol.6, p.6366

S. Azizi and D. J. Woodward, Inferior olivary nuclear complex of the rat: morphology and comments on the principles of organization within the olivocerebellar system, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.263, pp.467-484, 1987.

A. Bagri, O. Marin, A. S. Plump, J. Mak, S. J. Pleasure et al.,

M. Tessier-lavigne, , 2002.

G. Bai, O. Chivatakarn, D. Bonanomi, K. Lettieri, L. Franco et al.,

L. Ma, J. W. Lewcock, and S. L. Pfaff, Presenilin-dependent receptor processing is required for axon guidance, Cell, vol.144, pp.106-118, 2011.

J. E. Balmer and R. Blomhoff, Gene expression regulation by retinoic acid, 2002.

, J. Lipid Res, vol.43, pp.1773-1808

M. Barber, T. Di-meglio, W. D. Andrews, L. R. Hernández-miranda, F. Murakami et al., , 2009.

D. Barry and K. Mcdermott, , 2005.

D. S. Barry, J. M. Pakan, G. W. O'keeffe, and K. W. Mcdermott, , 2013.

, J. Anat, vol.222, pp.203-213

K. Becker, N. Jährling, S. Saghafi, R. Weiler, and H. Dodt, Chemical clearing and dehydration of GFP expressing mouse brains, PLoS One, vol.7, p.33916, 2012.

V. M. Bedell, S. Yeo, K. W. Park, J. Chung, P. Seth et al., Roundabout4 Is Essential for Angiogenesis in Vivo, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.102, pp.6373-6378, 2005.

M. Belle, D. Godefroy, C. Dominici, C. Heitz-marchaland, P. Zelina et al.,

F. Bradke, C. , and A. , A Simple Method for 3D Analysis of, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01944649

, Immunolabeled Axonal Tracts in a Transparent Nervous System. Cell Rep, vol.9, p.1191

K. L. Bennett, J. Bradshaw, T. Youngman, J. Rodgers, B. Greenfield et al., Deleted in colorectal carcinoma (DCC) binds heparin via its fifth fibronectin type III domain, J. Biol. Chem, vol.272, pp.26940-26946, 1997.

N. A. Bermingham, B. A. Hassan, V. Y. Wang, M. Fernandez, S. Banfi et al., Proprioceptor pathway development is dependent on Math1, Neuron, vol.30, pp.411-422, 2001.

F. Bielle, P. Marcos-mondejar, M. Keita, C. Mailhes, C. Verney et al.,

K. T. Charvet, M. Tessier-lavigne, G. López-bendito, and S. Garel, , p.2, 2011.

, Activity in the Migration of Guidepost Neurons Shapes Thalamic Projections during Development and Evolution, Neuron, vol.69, pp.1085-1098

J. M. Bin, D. Han, K. Lai-wing-sun, L. Croteau, E. Dumontier et al., , 2015.

, Complete Loss of Netrin-1 Results in Embryonic Lethality and Severe Axon Guidance Defects without Increased Neural Cell Death, Cell Rep, vol.12, pp.1099-1106

E. Bloch-gallego, F. Ezan, M. Tessier-lavigne, and C. Sotelo, , 1999.

, J. Neurosci, vol.19, pp.4407-4420

V. Borrell and O. Marín, Meninges control tangential migration of hemderived Cajal-Retzius cells via CXCL12/CXCR4 signaling, Nat. Neurosci, vol.9, p.1284, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1764

T. M. Bosley, M. A. Salih, J. C. Jen, D. D. Lin, and D. Oystreck,

K. K. Macdonald, D. B. Zayed, Z. Al, H. Dhalaan, . Al et al., , 2005.

, Neurologic features of horizontal gaze palsy and progressive scoliosis with mutations in ROBO3, Neurology, vol.64, pp.1196-1203

F. Bourrat and C. Sotelo, Relationships between neuronal birthdates and cytoarchitecture in the rat inferior olivary complex, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.313, pp.509-521, 1991.

M. Brankatschk and B. J. Dickson, Netrins guide Drosophila commissural axons at short range, Nat. Neurosci, vol.9, pp.188-194, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nn1625

S. De-breuck, J. Lardon, I. Rooman, and L. Bouwens, Netrin-1 porcine islet precursor cells, Diabetologia, vol.46, pp.926-933, 2003.

P. Brodal and J. Bjaalie, Organization of the pontine nuclei, Neurosci Res, 1992.

K. Brose, K. S. Bland, K. H. Wang, D. Arnott, W. Henzel et al.,

M. Tessier-lavigne and T. Kidd, , 1999.

C. Buisseret-delmas, A. , and P. , The cerebellar olivo-corticonuclear connections in the rat, Prog. Neurobiol, vol.40, pp.63-87, 1993.

P. De-camilli, P. E. Miller, P. Levitt, U. Walter, G. et al., Neuroscience, vol.11, pp.761-763, 1984.

F. Causeret, F. Danne, F. Ezan, C. Sotelo, and E. Bloch-gallego, , 2002.

, Dev. Biol, vol.246, pp.429-440

N. L. Cerminara, E. J. Lang, R. V. Sillitoe, A. , and R. , , 2015.

C. Charoy, H. Nawabi, F. Reynaud, E. Derrington, M. Bozon et al., , 2012.

F. Charron, E. Stein, J. Jeong, A. P. Mcmahon, and M. Tessier-lavigne, , vol.113, pp.11-23, 2003.

J. H. Chen, L. Wen, S. Dupuis, J. Y. Wu, and Y. Rao, The N-terminal neurons, J. Neurosci, vol.21, pp.1548-1556, 2001.

Z. Chen, B. B. Gore, H. Long, L. Ma, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Neuron, vol.58, pp.325-332, 2008.

K. Chung, J. Wallace, S. Kim, S. Kalyanasundaram, and A. S. Andalman,

T. J. Davidson, J. J. Mirzabekov, K. Zalocusky, J. Mattis, and A. K. Denisin, Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems, Nature, 2013.

K. Chung, J. Wallace, S. Kim, S. Kalyanasundaram, and A. S. Andalman,

T. J. Davidson, J. J. Mirzabekov, K. A. Zalocusky, J. Mattis, and A. K. Denisin, Structural and molecular interrogation of intact biological systems, Nature, 2013.

V. Cirulli, Y. , and M. , Netrins: beyond the brain, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.8, pp.296-306, 2007.

K. Clark, E. Hammond, R. , and P. , , 2002.

S. A. Colamarino and M. Tessier-lavigne, The axonal chemoattractant netrin-1 is also a chemorepellent for trochlear motor axons, Cell, vol.81, pp.621-629, 1995.

H. Coleman, J. Labrador, R. K. Chance, and G. J. Bashaw, , vol.137, pp.2417-2426, 2010.

V. Corset, K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, C. Forcet, E. Moyse, and A. Chédotal,

P. Mehlen, Netrin-1-mediated axon outgrowth and cAMP production requires interaction with adenosine A2b receptor, Nature, vol.407, pp.747-750, 2000.

I. Costantini, J. Ghobril, A. P. Di-giovanna, A. L. Mascaro, L. Silvestri et al., A versatile clearing agent for multi-modal brain imaging, Sci. Rep, vol.5, p.9808, 2015.

E. Dalkic, C. Kuscu, C. Sucularli, I. T. Aydin, K. C. Akcali et al., , 2006.

, Alternatively spliced Robo2 isoforms in zebrafish and rat, Dev. Genes Evol, vol.216, pp.555-563

S. Dalvin, M. A. Anselmo, P. Prodhan, K. Komatsuzaki, and J. J. Schnitzer,

T. B. Kinane, Expression of Netrin-1 and its two receptors DCC and UNC5H2, 2003.

J. S. Dasen, J. , and T. M. , Chapter Six Hox Networks and the Origins of Motor Neuron Diversity, Curr. Top. Dev. Biol, vol.88, pp.169-200, 2009.

H. Davson, The blood-brain barrier, J. Physiol, vol.255, pp.1-28, 1976.

M. S. Deiner, T. E. Kennedy, A. Fazeli, T. Serafini, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., Netrin-1 and DCC mediate axon guidance locally at the optic disc: loss of function leads to optic nerve hypoplasia, Neuron, vol.19, pp.575-589, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80373-6

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80373-6

C. Delloye-bourgeois, A. Jacquier, C. Charoy, F. Reynaud, H. Nawabi et al., , 2014.

, PlexinA1 is a new Slit receptor and mediates axon guidance function of Slit Cterminal fragments, Nat. Neurosci, vol.18, pp.36-45

E. Dessaud, A. P. Mcmahon, and J. Briscoe, Pattern formation in the vertebrate neural tube: a sonic hedgehog morphogen-regulated transcriptional network, Development, vol.135, pp.2489-2503, 2008.

H. Dodt, U. Leischner, A. Schierloh, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch et al.,

J. M. Deussing, M. Eder, W. Zieglgänsberger, and K. Becker, , 2007.

, Ultramicroscopy : three-dimensional visualization of neuronal networks in the whole mouse brain, Nat. Methods, vol.4, pp.331-336

A. J. Durston, J. P. Timmermans, W. J. Hage, H. F. Hendriks, N. J. De-vries et al., , 1989.

S. M. Dymecki and H. Tomasiewicz, Using Flp-Recombinase to, 1998.

, Characterize Expansion ofWnt1-Expressing Neural Progenitors in the Mouse, Dev

, Biol, vol.201, pp.57-65

D. Engelkamp, Cloning of three mouse Unc5 genes and their expression patterns at mid-gestation, Mech. Dev, vol.118, pp.191-197, 2002.

A. C. Erickson and J. R. Couchman, Still more complexity in mammalian basement membranes, J. Histochem. Cytochem, vol.48, pp.1291-1306, 2000.

L. Erskine, S. E. Williams, K. Brose, T. Kidd, R. A. Rachel et al.,

M. Tessier-lavigne and C. A. Mason, Retinal ganglion cell axon guidance in the mouse optic chiasm: expression and function of robos and slits, J. Neurosci, vol.20, pp.4975-4982, 2000.

L. Erskine, S. Reijntjes, T. Pratt, L. Denti, Q. Schwarz et al.,

B. Alakakone, D. Shewan, R. , and C. , VEGF Signaling through Neuropilin 1 Guides Commissural Axon Crossing at the Optic Chiasm, Neuron, vol.70, pp.951-965, 2011.

A. Ertürk, C. P. Mauch, F. Hellal, F. Förstner, T. Keck et al.,

H. Steffens, M. Richter, and M. Hübener, Nat. Med, vol.18, pp.166-171, 2011.

A. Ertürk, K. Becker, N. Jährling, C. P. Mauch, C. D. Hojer et al., Three-dimensional imaging of solvent-cleared organs using 3DISCO, Nat. Protoc, vol.7, 1983.

C. R. Essick, The development of the nuclei pontis and the nucleus arcuatus in man, Am J Anat, vol.13, pp.25-54, 1912.

P. J. Fabre, T. Shimogori, and F. Charron, Segregation of ipsilateral retinal ganglion cell axons at the optic chiasm requires the Shh receptor Boc, J. Neurosci, vol.30, pp.266-275, 2010.

J. K. Famulski, D. J. Solecki, W. J. Nelson, S. Etienne-manneville, D. S. Johnston et al., , 2013.

, New spin on an old transition: epithelial parallels in neuronal adhesion control

, Trends Neurosci, vol.36, pp.163-173

A. F. Farago, R. B. Awatramani, S. M. Dymecki, J. Altman, S. A. Bayer et al., , 1980.

, Assembly of the Brainstem Cochlear Nuclear Complex Is Revealed by Intersectional and Subtractive Genetic Fate Maps, Neuron, vol.50, pp.205-218

W. T. Farmer, A. L. Altick, H. F. Nural, J. P. Dugan, T. Kidd et al.,

G. S. Mastick, Pioneer longitudinal axons navigate using floor plate and Slit/Robo signals, Development, vol.135, pp.3643-3653, 2008.

A. Fazeli, S. L. Dickinson, M. L. Hermiston, R. V. Tighe, R. G. Steen et al., , 1997.

E. R. Fearon, K. R. Cho, J. M. Nigro, S. E. Kern, J. W. Simons et al.,

S. R. Hamilton, A. C. Preisinger, G. Thomas, and K. W. Kinzler, , 1990.

N. G. Fedtsova and E. E. Turner, Brn-3.0 expression identifies early postmitotic CNS neurons and sensory neural precursors, Mech. Dev, vol.53, pp.291-304, 1995.

I. Feoktistov and I. Biaggioni, Adenosine A2B receptors, Pharmacol. Rev, vol.49, pp.381-402, 1997.

J. R. Fetcho, A review of the organization and evolution of motoneurons innervating the axial musculature of vertebrates, Brain Res, vol.434, pp.243-280, 1987.

J. H. Finger, R. T. Bronson, B. Harris, K. Johnson, and S. A. Przyborski,

S. L. Ackerman, , 2002.

C. Fouquet, T. Di-meglio, L. Ma, T. Kawasaki, H. Long et al., , 2007.

J. P. Fraher, P. Dockery, O. O'donoghue, B. Riedewald, and D. Leary,

. Anat, , vol.211, pp.600-611

F. Friocourt, A. Lafont, K. Clémence, B. Pain, M. Manceau et al., Recurrent DCC gene losses during bird evolution, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01444806

K. Fujisawa, J. L. Wrana, and J. G. Culotti, , 2007.

C. Furne, N. Rama, V. Corset, A. Chédotal, and P. Mehlen, Netrin-1 is a survival factor during commissural neuron navigation, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.105, pp.14465-14470, 2008.

A. M. Garrett, T. J. Jucius, L. P. Sigaud, F. Tang, W. Xiong et al., Analysis of Expression Pattern and Genetic Deletion of Netrin5 in the Developing Mouse, Front. Mol. Neurosci, vol.9, pp.1-14, 2016.

M. J. Geisen, T. Di-meglio, M. Pasqualetti, S. Ducret, J. Brunet et al., , 2008.

J. D. Gilthorpe, E. Papantoniou, A. Chédotal, A. Lumsden, and R. J. Wingate, The migration of cerebellar rhombic lip derivatives, Development, vol.129, pp.4719-4728, 2002.

J. P. Golding and J. Cohen, Border Controls at the Mammalian Spinal Cord: Late-Surviving Neural Crest Boundary Cap Cells at Dorsal Root Entry Sites May Regulate Sensory Afferent Ingrowth and Entry Zone Morphogenesis, Mol. Cell, 1997.

. Neurosci, , vol.9, pp.381-396

M. Goulding, Circuits controlling vertebrate locomotion: moving in a new direction, Nat. Rev. Neurosci, vol.10, pp.507-518, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn2608

URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc2847453?pdf=render

S. Guthrie, Patterning and axon guidance of cranial motor neurons, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nrn2254

, Rev. Neurosci, vol.8, pp.859-871

C. R. Gutman, M. K. Ajmera, and M. Hollyday, Organization of motor pools supplying axial muscles in the chicken, Brain Res, vol.609, pp.129-136, 1993.

W. Halfter, S. Dong, Y. Yip, M. Willem, M. et al., , 2002.

H. Hama, H. Kurokawa, H. Kawano, R. Ando, T. Shimogori et al., , 2011.

, Nat. Neurosci, vol.14, pp.1481-1488

R. Hammond, V. Vivancos, A. Naeem, J. Chilton, and E. T. Mambetisaeva,

W. D. Andrews, V. Sundaresan, S. Guthrie, and E. Mambitisaeva, , 2005.

S. Hampel, P. Chung, C. E. Mckellar, D. Hall, L. L. Looger et al.,

, Drosophila Brainbow: a recombinase-based fluorescence labeling technique to subdivide neural expression patterns, Nat. Methods, vol.8, pp.253-259

W. Harkmark, Cell migrations from the rhombic lip to the inferior olive, the nucleus raphe and the pons. A morphological and experimental investigation of the chick embryo, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.100, pp.115-209, 1954.

R. Harris, L. M. Sabatelli, and M. A. Seeger, , 1996.

, Drosophila CNS midline: identification and characterization of two Drosophila Netrin/UNC-6 homologs, Neuron, vol.17, pp.217-228

E. M. Hedgecock, J. G. Culotti, and D. H. Hall, The unc-5, unc-6, and uncepidermis in C. elegans, Neuron, vol.4, pp.61-85, 1990.

W. His, NoDie entwickelung des menschlichen rautenhirns vom ende des ersten bis zum beginn des dritten monats. I. Verlängertes Mark, Bh Kön Sächs Ges D Wiss Mat Phys Kl, vol.29, pp.1-74, 1890.

V. H. Höpker, D. Shewan, M. Tessier-lavigne, M. Poo, and C. Holt, , 1999.

B. Hou, D. Zhang, S. Zhao, M. Wei, Z. Yang et al.,

B. Liu and L. Fan, Scalable and DiI-compatible optical clearance of the mammalian brain, Front. Neuroanat, vol.9, p.19, 2015.

J. A. Howitt, N. J. Clout, and E. Hohenester, , 2004.

L. Hua, R. Zhou, D. Thirumalai, and B. J. Berne, Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.105, pp.16928-16933, 2008.

X. Huang, T. Ketova, J. T. Fleming, H. Wang, and S. K. Dey,

C. Chiang, , 2009.

N. Ishii, W. G. Wadsworth, B. D. Stern, J. G. Culotti, and E. M. Hedgecock, UNC-6, a laminin-related protein, guides cell and pioneer axon migrations in C. elegans, Neuron, vol.9, pp.873-881, 1992.

G. James, S. R. Foster, B. Key, and A. Beverdam, The Expression Pattern of EVA1C, a Novel Slit Receptor, Is Consistent with an Axon Guidance Role in the Mouse Nervous System, PLoS One, vol.8, p.74115, 2013.

A. Jaworski and M. Tessier-lavigne, , 2012.

, Autocrine/juxtaparacrine regulation of axon fasciculation by Slit-Robo signaling, Nat. Neurosci, vol.15, pp.367-369

A. Jaworski, H. Long, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Collaborative and Specialized Functions of Robo1 and Robo2 in Spinal Commissural Axon Guidance, 2010.

, J. Neurosci, vol.30, pp.9445-9453

J. C. Jen, W. M. Chan, T. M. Bosley, J. Wan, J. R. Carr et al., , 2004.

T. M. Jessell, Neuronal specification in the spinal cord: inductive signals and transcriptional codes, Nat. Rev. Genet, vol.1, pp.20-29, 2000.

T. M. Jessell, Neuronal specification in the spinal cord: inductive signals and transcriptional codes, Nat. Rev. Genet, vol.1, pp.20-29, 2000.

C. Jones, N. R. London, H. Chen, K. W. Park, D. Sauvaget et al., , 2008.

, Robo4 stabilizes the vascular network by inhibiting pathologic angiogenesis and endothelial hyperpermeability, Nat. Med, vol.14, pp.448-453

J. Kang, M. Yi, W. Zhang, J. L. Feinleib, F. Cole et al., , 2004.

, Netrins and neogenin promote myotube formation, J. Cell Biol, vol.167, pp.493-504

D. Kawauchi, H. Taniguchi, H. Watanabe, T. Saito, and F. Murakami, , 2006.

, Direct visualization of nucleogenesis by precerebellar neurons: involvement of ventricle-directed, radial fibre-associated migration, Development, vol.133, pp.1113-1123

M. Ke, S. Fujimoto, and T. Imai, SeeDB: a simple and morphologypreserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction, Nat. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.1154-1161, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/nn.3447

M. Ke, S. Fujimoto, and T. Imai, SeeDB: a simple and morphologypreserving optical clearing agent for neuronal circuit reconstruction, Nat. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.1154-1161, 2013.

K. Keino-masu, M. Masu, L. Hinck, E. D. Leonardo, S. S. Chan et al., Deleted in Colorectal Cancer (DCC) encodes a netrin receptor, Cell, vol.87, pp.175-185, 1996.

T. E. Kennedy, T. Serafini, J. De-la-torre, and M. Tessier-lavigne, , 1994.

T. E. Kennedy, H. Wang, W. Marshall, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Axon guidance by diffusible chemoattractants: a gradient of netrin protein in the developing spinal cord, J. Neurosci, vol.26, pp.8866-8874, 2006.

T. Kidd, K. Brose, K. J. Mitchell, R. D. Fetter, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., , 1998.

T. Kidd, K. S. Bland, and C. S. Goodman, Slit is the midline repellent for the robo receptor in Drosophila, Cell, vol.96, pp.785-794, 1999.

M. Kim, W. T. Farmer, B. Bjorke, S. Mcmahon, P. J. Fabre et al.,

G. S. Mastick, Pioneer midbrain longitudinal axons navigate using a balance of Netrin attraction and Slit repulsion, Neural Dev, vol.9, p.17, 2014.

M. Kim, T. Fontelonga, A. P. Roesener, H. Lee, S. Gurung et al., Motor neuron cell bodies are actively positioned by, 2015.

, Slit/Robo repulsion and Netrin/DCC attraction, Dev. Biol, vol.399, pp.68-79

A. W. Koch, T. Mathivet, B. Larrivée, R. K. Tong, J. Kowalski et al., , p.4, 2011.

, Maintains Vessel Integrity and Inhibits Angiogenesis by Interacting with UNC5B

, Dev. Cell, vol.20, pp.33-46

M. Koch, J. R. Murrell, D. D. Hunter, P. F. Olson, W. Jin et al., A novel member of the netrin family, beta-netrin, shares homology with the beta chain of laminin: identification, expression, and functional characterization, J. Cell Biol, vol.151, pp.221-234, 2000.

P. A. Kolodziej, L. C. Timpe, K. J. Mitchell, S. R. Fried, C. S. Goodman et al., frazzled encodes a Drosophila member of the DCC immunoglobulin subfamily and is required for CNS and motor axon guidance, Cell, vol.87, pp.197-204, 1996.

T. Kuwajima, A. Sitko, P. Bhansali, C. Jurgens, W. Guido et al., ClearT: a detergent-and solvent-free clearing method for neuronal and nonneuronal tissue, Development, vol.140, pp.1364-1368, 2013.

C. S. Lai, speech and language disorder, Brain, vol.126, pp.2455-2462, 2003.

L. Landmesser, P. , and G. , Interactions between neurons and their targets during in vivo synaptogenesis, Fed. Proc, vol.37, pp.2016-2022, 1978.

L. Landmesser, , 1978.

R. L. Landsberg, R. B. Awatramani, N. L. Hunter, A. F. Farago, H. J. Dipietrantonio et al., , 2005.

A. Latil, L. Chêne, B. Cochant-priollet, P. Mangin, G. Fournier et al., Quantification of expression of netrins, slits and their receptors in human prostate tumors, Int. J. Cancer, vol.103, pp.306-315, 2003.

C. Laumonnerie, R. V. Da-silva, A. Kania, W. , and S. I. , , 2014.

P. A. Leighton, K. J. Mitchell, L. V. Goodrich, X. Lu, K. Pinson et al., Defining brain wiring patterns and mechanisms through gene trapping in mice, Nature, vol.410, pp.174-179, 2001.

E. D. Leonardo, L. Hinck, M. Masu, K. Keino-masu, S. L. Ackerman et al., Vertebrate homologues of C.elegans UNC-5 are candidate netrin receptors, Nature, vol.386, pp.833-838, 1997.

K. E. Lewis, How do genes regulate simple behaviours? Understanding how different neurons in the vertebrate spinal cord are genetically specified, 2006.

, Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci, vol.361, pp.45-66

H. S. Li, J. H. Chen, W. Wu, T. Fagaly, L. Zhou et al., , 1999.

S. Li, F. Qiu, A. Xu, S. M. Price, and M. Xiang, , 2004.

, gene. J. Neurosci, vol.24, pp.3104-3114

K. F. Liem, G. Tremml, J. , and T. M. , , 1997.

K. F. Liem, T. M. Jessell, J. Briscoe, D. Acampora, M. Gulisano et al.,

H. Amthor, D. Connolly, K. Patel, and B. Brand-saberi, notochord and somites, Development, vol.127, pp.4855-4866, 2000.

G. Liu, W. Li, L. Wang, A. Kar, K. Guan et al., , 2009.

, DSCAM functions as a netrin receptor in commissural axon pathfinding. Proc. Natl

, Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.106, pp.2951-2956

Y. Liu, E. Stein, T. Oliver, Y. Li, W. J. Brunken et al., Novel Role for Netrins in Regulating Epithelial Behavior during Lung Branching Morphogenesis, 2004.

Z. Liu, H. Li, X. Hu, L. Yu, H. Liu et al., Control of precerebellar neuron development by Olig3 bHLH transcription factor, J. Neurosci, vol.28, pp.10124-10133, 2008.

F. Llambi, F. Causeret, E. Bloch-gallego, and P. Mehlen, Netrin-1 acts as a survival factor via its receptors UNC5H and DCC, EMBO J, vol.20, pp.2715-2722, 2001.

H. Long, C. Sabatier, L. Ma, A. S. Plump, W. Yuan et al.,

F. Murakami, C. S. Goodman, and M. Tessier-lavigne, , 2004.

G. López-bendito, N. Flames, L. Ma, C. Fouquet, T. Di-meglio et al.,

M. Tessier-lavigne, M. , and O. , , 2007.

A. Lumsden and R. Keynes, Segmental patterns of neuronal development in the chick hindbrain, Nature, vol.337, pp.424-428, 1989.

A. Ly, A. Nikolaev, G. Suresh, Y. Zheng, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., , vol.133, pp.1241-1254

R. Machold and G. Fishell, Math1 is expressed in temporally discrete pools of cerebellar rhombic-lip neural progenitors, Neuron, vol.48, pp.17-24, 2005.

C. Marcelle, M. R. Stark, M. Bronner-fraser, F. Bladt, and D. Riethmacher,

S. Isenmann, A. Aguzzi, C. Birchmeier, M. Bronner-fraser, and B. Christ,

, Coordinate actions of BMPs, Wnts, Shh and noggin mediate patterning of the dorsal somite, Development, vol.124, pp.3955-3963

S. Marcos, S. Backer, F. Causeret, M. Tessier-lavigne, and E. Bloch-gallego, Differential roles of Netrin-1 and its receptor DCC in inferior olivary neuron migration, Mol. Cell. Neurosci, vol.41, pp.429-439, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00502963

R. Margueron, R. , and D. , The Polycomb complex PRC2 and its mark in life, Nature, vol.469, pp.343-349, 2011.

V. Marillat, A. Chédotal, O. Cases, and K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet,

M. Sotelo and C. , Spatiotemporal expression patterns of slit and robo genes in the rat brain, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.442, pp.130-155, 2002.

V. Marillat, C. Sabatier, V. Failli, E. Matsunaga, and C. Sotelo,

M. , C. , and A. , The slit receptor Rig-1/Robo3 controls midline crossing by hindbrain precerebellar neurons and axons, Neuron, vol.43, pp.69-79, 2004.

S. Martínez, E. Puelles, and D. Echevarria, Molecular Regionalization of the Developing Neural Tube, The Mouse Nervous System, pp.2-18, 2012.

G. S. Mastick, W. T. Farmer, A. L. Altick, H. F. Nural, J. P. Dugan et al.,

F. Charron, Longitudinal axons are guided by Slit/Robo signals from the floor plate, Cell Adh. Migr, vol.4, pp.337-341, 2010.

T. Masuda, K. Watanabe, C. Sakuma, K. Ikenaka, K. Ono et al., spinal cord. J. Neurosci, vol.28, pp.10380-10385

M. Matise, M. Lustig, T. Sakurai, M. Grumet, and A. Joyner, , 1999.

Y. Matsumoto, F. Irie, M. Inatani, M. Tessier-lavigne, Y. et al.,

, J. Neurosci, vol.27, pp.4342-4350

L. Mazelin, A. Bernet, C. Bonod-bidaud, L. Pays, S. Arnaud et al., Netrin-1 controls colorectal tumorigenesis by regulating apoptosis, Nature, vol.431, pp.80-84, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00314490

I. .. Meglinski, A. .. Bashkatov, E. .. Genina, D. .. Churmakov, and V. Tuchin, , 2003.

D. Meglio, T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, K. T. Tessier-lavigne, M. Sotelo, C. Meglio et al., Molecular mechanisms controlling midline crossing by precerebellar neurons, J. Neurosci, vol.28, pp.6285-6294, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00303666

D. Meglio, T. Vitobello, A. Yonehara, K. Hrycaj, S. M. Roska et al., , p.2, 2013.

, Orchestrates Topographic Migration and Connectivity of Mouse Precerebellar Neurons, Science, vol.339, pp.204-207

P. Mehlen, S. Rabizadeh, S. J. Snipas, N. Assa-munt, G. S. Salvesen et al., The DCC gene product induces apoptosis by a mechanism requiring receptor proteolysis, Nature, vol.395, pp.801-804, 1998.

P. Mehlen, C. Delloye-bourgeois, C. , and A. , Novel roles for Slits and netrins: axon guidance cues as anticancer targets?, Nat. Rev. Cancer, vol.11, p.188, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00851181

N. Michalski, N. Babai, N. Renier, D. J. Perkel, A. Chédotal et al., Robo3-Driven Axon Midline Crossing Conditions Functional Maturation of a Large Commissural Synapse, Neuron, vol.78, pp.855-868, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2013.04.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01472841

F. A. Middleton and P. L. Strick, Anatomical evidence for cerebellar and basal ganglia involvement in higher cognitive function, Science, vol.266, pp.458-461, 1994.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7939688

G. L. Ming, H. Song, B. Berninger, C. E. Holt, M. Tessier-lavigne et al.,

M. M. , cAMP-dependent growth cone guidance by netrin-1, Neuron, vol.19, p.1225, 1997.

J. P. Misson, M. A. Edwards, M. Yamamoto, and V. S. Caviness, , 1988.

K. J. Mitchell, J. L. Doyle, T. Serafini, T. E. Kennedy, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., Genetic analysis of Netrin genes in Drosophila: Netrins guide CNS commissural axons and peripheral motor axons, Neuron, vol.17, pp.203-215, 1996.

S. W. Moore, N. Biais, and M. P. Sheetz, , 2009.

C. Morlot, W. Hemrika, R. Romijn, P. Gros, S. Cusack et al., Cloning, expression, crystallization and preliminary X-ray analysis of the first two Ig domains from human roundabout 1 (Robo1), Acta Crystallogr. Sect. F. Struct, 2007.

, Biol. Cryst. Commun, vol.63, pp.689-691

A. Murray, A. Naeem, S. H. Barnes, U. Drescher, G. et al., Slit and Netrin-1 guide cranial motor axon pathfinding via Rho-kinase, myosin light chain kinase and myosin II, Neural Dev, vol.5, p.16, 2010.

T. Nakashiba, T. Ikeda, S. Nishimura, K. Tashiro, T. Honjo et al.,

S. Itohara, Netrin-G1: a novel glycosyl phosphatidylinositol-linked mammalian netrin that is functionally divergent from classical netrins, J. Neurosci, vol.20, pp.6540-6550, 2000.

T. Nakashiba, S. Nishimura, T. Ikeda, and S. Itohara, Complementary expression and neurite outgrowth activity of netrin-G subfamily members, 2002.

. Dev, , vol.111, pp.47-60

H. Nawabi, A. Briançon-marjollet, C. Clark, I. Sanyas, H. Takamatsu et al., , 2010.

, Genes Dev, vol.24, pp.396-410

K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, K. Brose, V. Marillat, and C. Sotelo,

M. , C. , and A. , Sensory axon response to substrate-bound Slit2 is modulated by laminin and cyclic GMP, Mol. Cell. Neurosci, vol.17, pp.1048-1058, 2001.

K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, K. Brose, L. Ma, K. H. Wang, V. Marillat et al.,

M. Tessier-lavigne, C. , and A. , Diversity and specificity of actions of Slit2 proteolytic fragments in axon guidance, J. Neurosci, vol.21, pp.4281-4289, 2001.

K. T. Nguyen-ba-charvet, A. S. Plump, M. Tessier-lavigne, C. , and A. , , 2002.

, J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.5473-5480

S. P. Niclou, L. Jia, and R. , Slit2 is a repellent for retinal ganglion cell axons, J. Neurosci, vol.20, pp.4962-4974, 2000.

C. Niederländer and A. Lumsden, , 1996.

K. Niederreither, P. Mccaffery, U. C. Dräger, P. Chambon, and P. Dollé,

, Mech. Dev, vol.62, pp.67-78

C. M. Nielsen and S. M. Dymecki, Sonic hedgehog is required for vascular outgrowth in the hindbrain choroid plexus, Dev. Biol, vol.340, pp.430-437, 2010.

A. Okada, F. Charron, S. Morin, D. S. Shin, K. Wong et al., Boc is a receptor for sonic hedgehog in the guidance of commissural axons, Nature, vol.444, pp.369-373, 2006.

T. Okada, K. Keino-masu, and M. Masu, gene. Neurosci. Res, vol.57, pp.40-49, 2007.

E. Palmesino, P. C. Haddick, M. Tessier-lavigne, K. , and A. , , 2012.

, Genetic Analysis of DSCAM's Role as a Netrin-1 Receptor in Vertebrates

. Neurosci, , vol.32, pp.411-416

Y. A. Pan, J. Livet, J. R. Sanes, J. W. Lichtman, and A. F. Schier, , 2011.

, Multicolor Brainbow imaging in zebrafish, Cold Spring Harb. Protoc, 2011.

W. Peters, Methoden zur Herstellung von Aufhellungspräparaten, Zool. Anz, vol.167, pp.233-240, 1961.

K. D. Phan, L. Croteau, J. W. Kam, A. Kania, J. Cloutier et al., Neogenin may functionally substitute for Dcc in chicken, PLoS One, vol.6, p.22072, 2011.

M. Placzek, M. Tessier-lavigne, T. Jessell, and J. Dodd, , 1990.

A. Prasad and M. Hollyday, Development and migration of avian sympathetic preganglionic neurons, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.307, pp.237-258, 1991.

A. W. Püschel, Divergent properties of mouse netrins, Mech. Dev, vol.83, pp.65-75, 1999.

T. J. Van-raay, S. M. Foskett, T. D. Connors, K. W. Klinger, G. M. Landes et al., TheNTN2LGene Encoding a Novel Human Netrin Maps to the, 1997.

, Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease Region on Chromosome

S. Rajagopalan, L. Deitinghoff, D. Davis, S. Conrad, T. Skutella et al.,

B. K. Mueller and S. M. Strittmatter, Neogenin mediates the action of repulsive guidance molecule, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.6, pp.756-762, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00080617

S. Rajasekharan, K. , and T. , , 2009.

, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.145, pp.61-83

N. Rama, A. Dubrac, T. Mathivet, R. Ní-chárthaigh, G. Genet et al., Slit2 signaling through Robo1 and Robo2 is required for retinal neovascularization, 2015.

. Med,

S. Ramon-y-cajal, La rétine des vertébrés, Cellule, vol.1, pp.121-247, 1892.

S. Ramón-y-cajal, , 1909.

N. Renier, M. Schonewille, F. Giraudet, A. Badura, M. Tessier-lavigne et al., Genetic Dissection of the Function of, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00707411

, Hindbrain Axonal Commissures. PLoS Biol, vol.8, p.1000325

N. Renier, E. L. Adams, C. Kirst, Z. Wu, R. Azevedo et al.,

L. Kadiri, . Umadevi, K. Venkataraju, and Y. Zhou, , 2016.

D. S. Richardson and J. W. Lichtman, Clarifying Tissue Clearing, Cell, vol.162, pp.246-257, 2015.

T. Ringstedt, J. E. Braisted, K. Brose, T. Kidd, C. S. Goodman et al., Slit inhibition of retinal axon growth and its role in retinal axon pathfinding and innervation patterns in the diencephalon, 2000.

. Neurosci, , vol.20, pp.4983-4991

C. I. Rodriguez and S. M. Dymecki, Origin of the precerebellar system, Neuron, vol.27, pp.475-486, 2000.

J. Rossiter and J. Fraher, , 1990.

C. Ruiz-de-almodovar, C. Coulon, P. A. Salin, E. Knevels, N. Chounlamountri et al.,

C. Ruiz-de-almodovar, P. J. Fabre, E. Knevels, C. Coulon, I. Segura et al., , 2011.

, Mediates Commissural Axon Chemoattraction through Its Receptor Flk1, Neuron, vol.70, pp.966-978

A. E. Runker, G. E. Little, F. Suto, H. Fujisawa, K. J. Mitchell et al., Semaphorin-6A controls guidance of corticospinal tract axons at multiple choice points, Neural Dev, vol.3, p.34, 2008.

C. Sabatier, A. S. Plump, L. Ma, K. Brose, A. Tamada et al., , 2004.

M. M. Saller, R. Huettl, P. Hanuschick, A. Amend, P. Alberton et al., The role of Sema3-Npn-1 signaling during diaphragm innervation and muscle development, J. Cell Sci, 2016.

M. Salminen, B. I. Meyer, E. Bober, G. , and P. , Netrin 1 is required for semicircular canal formation in the mouse inner ear, Development, vol.127, pp.13-22, 2000.

E. R. Schmidt, S. Brignani, Y. Adolfs, S. Lemstra, J. Demmers et al., SubdomainMediated Axon-Axon Signaling and Chemoattraction Cooperate to Regulate Afferent Innervation of the Lateral Habenula, Neuron, vol.83, pp.372-387, 2014.

M. Seeger, G. Tear, D. Ferres-marco, and C. S. Goodman, Mutations affecting growth cone guidance in Drosophila: genes necessary for guidance toward or away from the midline, Neuron, vol.10, pp.409-426, 1993.

T. Serafini, T. E. Kennedy, M. Galko, C. Mirzayan, T. M. Jessell et al.,

M. Lavigne, The netrins define a family of axon outgrowth-promoting proteins homologous to C. elegans UNC-6, Cell, vol.78, pp.409-424, 1994.

T. Serafini, S. A. Colamarino, E. D. Leonardo, H. Wang, R. Beddington et al., , 1996.

M. F. Serapide, A. Zappalà, R. Parenti, M. R. Pantò, C. et al., , 2002.

, Laterality of the pontocerebellar projections in the rat, Eur. J. Neurosci, vol.15, p.1551

M. Shekarabi, S. W. Moore, N. X. Tritsch, S. J. Morris, and J. Bouchard,

T. E. Kennedy, recruits Cdc42, Rac1, Pak1, and N-WASP into an intracellular signaling complex that promotes growth cone expansion, J. Neurosci, vol.25, pp.3132-3141, 2005.

E. L. Shipp and L. C. Hsieh-wilson, Profiling the sulfation specificities of glycosaminoglycan interactions with growth factors and chemotactic proteins using microarrays, Chem. Biol, vol.14, pp.195-208, 2007.

R. Shirasaki, R. Katsumata, and F. Murakami, , 1998.

H. Siedentopf and R. Zsigmondy, Über Sichtbarmachung und, 1903.

, Größenbestimmung ultramikroskopischer Teilchen, mit besonderer Anwendung auf Goldrubingläser, Ann. Phys

J. Sievers, F. W. Pehlemann, S. Gude, and M. Berry, Neurocytol, vol.23, pp.117-134, 1994.

J. Silver and U. Rutishauser, , 1984.

J. Silver, S. E. Lorenz, D. Wahlsten, and J. Coughlin, Axonal guidance during development of the great cerebral commissures: Descriptive and experimental studies, in vivo, on the role of preformed glial pathways, 1982.

. Neurol, , vol.210, pp.10-29

W. C. Skarnes, J. E. Moss, S. M. Hurtley, and R. S. Beddington, Capturing genes encoding membrane and secreted proteins important for mouse development, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A, vol.92, pp.6592-6596, 1995.

T. F. Sloan, M. A. Qasaimeh, D. Juncker, P. T. Yam, and F. Charron, , 2015.

, Integration of Shallow Gradients of Shh and Netrin-1 Guides Commissural Axons

, PLOS Biol, vol.13, p.1002119

C. Sotelo, Cellular and genetic regulation of the development of the cerebellar system, Prog. Neurobiol, vol.72, pp.295-339, 2004.

C. Sotelo, C. , and A. , Hindbrain tangential migration. In Comprehensive Developmental Neuroscience: Cellular Migration and Formation of Neuronal Connections, p.345, 2013.

C. Sotelo, D. E. Hillman, A. J. Zamora, and R. Llin??s, Climbing fiber deafferentation: its action on Purkinje cell dendritic spines, Brain Res, vol.98, pp.574-581, 1975.

W. Spalteholz, Über das Durchsichtigmachen von menschlichen und tierischen Präparaten und seine theoretischen Bedingungen, 1914.

K. Srinivasan, P. Strickland, A. Valdes, G. C. Shin, and L. Hinck, Netrin, 2003.

, / Neogenin Interaction Stabilizes Multipotent Progenitor Cap Cells during

M. Mammary-gland, Dev. Cell, vol.4, pp.371-382

T. Staudt, M. Lang, R. Medda, J. Engelhardt, and S. Hell, , vol.2, 2007.

E. Stein and M. Tessier-lavigne, , 2001.

E. Stein, Y. Zou, M. Poo, and M. Tessier-lavigne, , pp.1976-1982, 2001291.

H. Steinke and W. Wolff, A modified Spalteholz technique with preservation of the histology, Ann. Anat.-Anat. Anzeiger, vol.183, pp.91-95, 2001.

N. Stifani, Motor neurons and the generation of spinal motor neuron diversity, Front. Cell. Neurosci, vol.8, p.293, 2014.

R. Storm, J. Cholewa-waclaw, K. Reuter, D. Bröhl, M. Sieber et al.,

T. Müller and C. Birchmeier, , 2009.

E. Susaki, K. Tainaka, D. Perrin, F. Kishino, T. Tawara et al., , 2014.

E. Susaki, K. Tainaka, D. Perrin, F. Kishino, T. Tawara et al., , 2014.

K. J. Svensson, J. Z. Long, M. P. Jedrychowski, S. Kajimura, S. P. Gygi et al.,

, Biol, vol.365, pp.36-49

A. Vallstedt and K. Kullander, Dorsally derived spinal interneurons in locomotor circuits, Ann. N. Y. Acad. Sci, vol.1279, pp.32-42, 2013.

V. G. Vanderhorst and G. Holstege, Organization of lumbosacral motoneuronal cell groups innervating hindlimb, pelvic floor, and axial muscles in the cat, J Comp Neurol, vol.382, pp.46-76, 1997.

A. Varela-echavarría, A. Tucker, A. W. Püschel, G. , and S. , Motor axon subpopulations respond differentially to the chemorepellents netrin-1 and semaphorin D, Neuron, vol.18, pp.193-207, 1997.

M. Vermeren, G. S. Maro, R. Bron, I. M. Mcgonnell, P. Charnay et al., Integrity of Developing Spinal Motor Columns Is Regulated by Neural Crest Derivatives at Motor Exit Points, Neuron, vol.37, pp.403-415, 2003.

T. O. Vilz, B. Moepps, J. Engele, S. Molly, D. R. Littman et al.,

, The SDF-1/CXCR4 pathway and the development of the cerebellar system

, Eur. J. Neurosci, vol.22, pp.1831-1839

B. Vogelstein, E. R. Fearon, S. R. Hamilton, S. E. Kern, and A. C. Preisinger,

M. Leppert, Y. Nakamura, R. White, A. M. Smits, and J. L. Bos, Genetic alterations during colorectal-tumor development, N. Engl. J. Med, vol.319, pp.525-532, 1988.

G. Wang, Y. Li, X. Wang, Z. Han, M. Chuai et al., , 2013.

H. Wang, N. G. Copeland, D. J. Gilbert, N. Jenkins, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Netrin-3, a mouse homolog of human NTN2L, is highly expressed in sensory ganglia and shows differential binding to netrin receptors, J. Neurosci, vol.19, pp.4938-4947, 1999.

H. Wang, N. G. Copeland, D. J. Gilbert, N. A. Jenkins, and M. Tessier-lavigne, Netrin-3, a mouse homolog of human NTN2L, is highly expressed in sensory ganglia and shows differential binding to netrin receptors, J. Neurosci, vol.19, pp.4938-4947, 1999.

K. H. Wang, K. Brose, D. Arnott, T. Kidd, C. S. Goodman et al.,

M. Tessier-lavigne, , 1999.

V. Y. Wang, M. F. Rose, and H. Y. Zoghbi, , 2005.

M. Wassef, B. Cholley, C. W. Heizmann, and C. Sotelo, , 1992.

, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.323, pp.537-550

K. Watanabe, N. Tamamaki, T. Furuta, S. L. Ackerman, K. Ikenaka et al.,

L. E. Wentworth, The development of the cervical spinal cord of the mouse embryo. II. A Golgi analysis of sensory, commissural, and association cell differentiation, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.222, pp.96-115, 1984.

L. Wiklund, F. Rossi, P. Strata, and . Van-der-want, J.J, 1990.

. Morphol, , vol.28, pp.256-267

D. G. Wilkinson, S. Bhatt, P. Chavrier, R. Bravo, C. et al., Nature, vol.337, pp.461-464, 1989.

M. E. Williams, X. Lu, W. L. Mckenna, R. Washington, A. Boyette et al., , p.5, 2006.

, Nat. Neurosci, vol.9, pp.996-998

N. H. Wilson and B. Key, Neogenin interacts with RGMa and netrin-1 to guide axons within the embryonic vertebrate forebrain, Dev. Biol, vol.296, pp.485-498, 2006.

R. J. Wingate and M. E. Hatten, The role of the rhombic lip in avian cerebellum development, Development, vol.126, pp.4395-4404, 1999.

K. M. Wright, K. A. Lyon, H. Leung, D. J. Leahy, L. Ma et al., , 2012.

Y. Yin, J. R. Sanes, and J. H. Miner, Identification and expression of mouse netrin-4, 2000.

Y. Yin, J. H. Miner, and J. R. Sanes, Laminets: Laminin-and Netrin-Related Genes Expressed in Distinct Neuronal Subsets, Mol. Cell. Neurosci, vol.19, pp.344-358, 2002.

S. S. Yuan, L. Cox, G. K. Dasika, and E. Y. Lee,

, Dev. Biol, vol.207, pp.62-75

.. R. Yung, .. M. Nishitani, and L. V. Goodrich, Phenotypic analysis of mice completely lacking Netrin-1, Development, vol.142, pp.3686-3691, 2015.

P. Zelina, H. Blockus, Y. Zagar, A. Péres, F. Friocourt et al., Signaling Switch of the Axon Guidance Receptor Robo3 during Vertebrate Evolution, Neuron, vol.84, p.1, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01102724

X. Zhan and D. K. Ryugo, Projections of the lateral reticular nucleus to the cochlear nucleus in rats, J. Comp. Neurol, vol.504, pp.583-598, 2007.

J. Zhang, D. Smith, M. Yamamoto, L. Ma, and P. Mccaffery, The meninges is a source of retinoic acid for the late-developing hindbrain, J. Neurosci, vol.23, pp.7610-7620, 2003.

Y. Zhu, T. Matsumoto, S. Mikami, T. Nagasawa, and F. Murakami, , 2009.

Y. Zhu, T. Matsumoto, T. Nagasawa, F. Mackay, and F. Murakami, , 2015.

, Chemokine Signaling Controls Integrity of Radial Glial Scaffold in Developing Spinal Cord and Consequential Proper Position of Boundary Cap Cells, J. Neurosci, vol.35, pp.9211-9224

D. L. Zinyk, E. H. Mercer, E. Harris, D. J. Anderson, and A. L. Joyner, Curr. Biol, vol.8, pp.665-672, 1998.