A. Arakawa and V. R. Lamb, Computational design of the basic dynamical processes of the UCLA general circulation model, Methods in computational physics, vol.17, pp.173-265, 1977.

B. Arbic, J. Richman, J. Shriver, P. Timko, J. Metzger et al., Global Modeling of Internal Tides Within an Eddying Ocean General Circulation Model, Oceanography, vol.25, issue.2, pp.20-29, 2012.

O. Aumont and L. Bopp, Globalizing results from ocean in situ iron fertilization studies, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.20, issue.2, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00138103

O. Aumont, E. Maier-reimer, S. Blain, and P. Monfray, An ecosystem model of the global ocean including Fe, Si, P colimitations, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.17, issue.2, 2003.

B. Barceló-llull, P. Sangrà, E. Pallàs-sanz, E. D. Barton, S. N. Estrada-allis et al., Anatomy of a subtropical intrathermocline eddy, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.124, pp.126-139, 2017.

S. L. Barnes, Mesoscale objective map analysis using weighted time-series observations, NOAA. Tech. Memo, p.60, 1973.

I. Bashmachnikov, F. Neves, T. Calheiros, and X. Carton, Properties and pathways of Mediterranean water eddies in the Atlantic, Progress in Oceanography, vol.137, pp.149-172, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01495010

M. L. Batteen and M. J. Rutherford, Modeling Studies of Eddies in the Leeuwin Current: The Role of Thermal Forcing, vol.2, 1990.

L. M. Beal and H. L. Bryden, Observations of an Agulhas Undercurrent, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.44, pp.1715-1724, 1997.

L. M. Beal, W. P. De-ruijter, A. Biastoch, and R. Zahn, On the role of the Agulhas system in ocean circulation and climate, Nature, issue.7344, pp.429-436, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00650999

A. Beckmann and D. B. Haidvogel, Numerical Simulation of Flow around a Tall Isolated Seamount. Part I: Problem Formulation and Model Accuracy, 1993.

S. K. Behera and T. Yamagata, Subtropical SST dipole events in the southern Indian Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.28, issue.2, pp.327-330, 2001.

M. J. Behrenfeld, R. T. O'malley, D. A. Siegel, C. R. Mcclain, J. L. Sarmiento et al., Climate-driven trends in contemporary ocean productivity, Nature, vol.444, issue.7120, pp.752-755, 2006.

A. Biastoch and W. Krauss, The Role of Mesoscale Eddies in the Source Regions of the Agulhas Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.9, pp.2303-2317, 1999.

A. Biastoch, C. J. Reason, J. R. Lutjeharms, and O. Boebel, The importance of flow in the Mozambique Channel to seasonality in the greater Agulhas Current system, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.26, issue.21, pp.3321-3324, 1999.

A. Biastoch, C. W. Böning, and J. R. Lutjeharms, Agulhas leakage dynamics affects decadal variability in Atlantic overturning circulation, Nature, vol.456, issue.7221, pp.489-492, 2008.

F. Birol and R. Morrow, Separation of quasi-semiannual Rossby waves from the eastern boundary of the Indian Ocean, Journal of Marine Research, vol.61, issue.6, pp.707-723, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00765715

B. Blanke and S. Raynaud, Kinematics of the Pacific Equatorial Undercurrent: An Eulerian and Lagrangian Approach from GCM Results, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.6, pp.1038-1053, 1997.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01143304

L. Böhme and U. Send, Objective analyses of hydrographic data for referencing profiling float salinities in highly variable environments, Deep Sea Research Part, vol.II, pp.651-664, 2005.

L. Bopp, O. Aumont, P. Cadule, S. Alvain, and M. Gehlen, Response of diatoms distribution to global warming and potential implications: A global model study, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.32, issue.19, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00122471

A. S. Bower, L. Armi, and I. Ambar, Lagrangian Observations of Meddy Formation during A Mediterranean Undercurrent Seeding Experiment*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.12, pp.2545-2575, 1997.

A. S. Bower, R. M. Hendry, D. E. Amrhein, and J. M. Lilly, Direct observations of formation and propagation of subpolar eddies into the Subtropical North Atlantic, Deep Sea Research Part II, vol.85, pp.15-41, 2013.

D. G. Boyce, M. R. Lewis, and B. Worm, Global phytoplankton decline over the past century, Nature, vol.466, issue.7306, pp.591-596, 2010.

T. P. Boyer, J. I. Antonov, O. K. Baranova, C. Coleman, H. E. Garcia et al., WORLD OCEAN DATABASE 2013, NOAA Atlas NESDIS 72, 2013.

D. G. Capone, J. P. Zehr, H. W. Paerl, B. Bergman, J. Edward et al., Trichodesmium, a globally significant marine cyanobacterium, Science, vol.276, issue.5316, pp.1221-1229, 1997.

X. Carton, N. Daniault, J. Alves, L. Cherubin, and I. Ambar, Meddy dynamics and interaction with neighboring eddies southwest of Portugal: Observations and modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.115, issue.C6, p.17, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00495122

R. M. Castelao, Mesoscale eddies in the South Atlantic Bight and the Gulf Stream Recirculation region: Vertical structure, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.3, pp.2048-2065, 2014.

N. Chacko, Chlorophyll bloom in response to tropical cyclone Hudhud in the Bay of Bengal: Bio-Argo subsurface observations, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.124, pp.66-72, 2017.

A. Chaigneau, M. L. Texier, G. Eldin, C. Grados, and O. Pizarro, Vertical structure of mesoscale eddies in the eastern South Pacific Ocean: A composite analysis from altimetry and Argo profiling floats, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.116, issue.C11, p.25, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00758322

S. Chakravorty, C. Gnanaseelan, J. S. Chowdary, and J. Luo, Relative role of El Niño and IOD forcing on the southern tropical Indian Ocean Rossby waves, 2014.

P. Chapman, S. F. Di-marco, R. E. Davis, and A. C. Coward, Flow at intermediate depths around Madagascar based on ALACE float trajectories, DeepSea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.50, pp.1957-1986, 2003.

E. Chassot, S. Bonhommeau, N. K. Dulvy, F. Mélin, R. Watson et al., Global marine primary production constrains fisheries catches, Ecology Letters, vol.13, issue.4, pp.495-505, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/ird-00470551

D. B. Chelton, M. G. Schlax, R. M. Samelson, and R. A. De-szoeke, Global observations of large oceanic eddies, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.34, issue.15, p.606, 2007.

D. B. Chelton, P. Gaube, M. G. Schlax, J. J. Early, and R. M. Samelson, The Influence of Nonlinear Mesoscale Eddies on Near-Surface Oceanic Chlorophyll, vol.334, pp.328-332, 2011.

D. B. Chelton, M. G. Schlax, and R. M. Samelson, Global observations of nonlinear mesoscale eddies, Progress in Oceanography, vol.91, issue.2, pp.167-216, 2011.

P. C. Chu, Q. Wang, and R. H. Bourke, A Geometric Model for the Beaufort/Chukchi Sea Thermohaline Structure, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.16, issue.6, pp.613-632, 1999.

A. J. Clarke and X. Liu, Interannual Sea Level in the Northern and Eastern Indian Ocean, 1994.

W. S. Cleveland and S. J. Devlin, Locally Weighted Regression: An Approach to Regression Analysis by Local Fitting, Journal of the American Statistical Association, vol.83, issue.403, pp.596-610, 1988.

C. Collins, C. J. Reason, and J. C. Hermes, Scatterometer and reanalysis wind products over the western tropical Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.117, issue.3, p.45, 2012.

C. Collins, J. C. Hermes, and C. J. Reason, Mesoscale activity in the Comoros Basin from satellite altimetry and a high-resolution ocean circulation model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.8, pp.1-16, 2014.

C. A. Collins, T. Margolina, T. A. Rago, and L. Ivanov, Looping RAFOS floats in the California Current System, Deep Sea Research Part II, vol.85, pp.42-61, 2013.

J. C. Currie, M. Lengaigne, J. Vialard, D. M. Kaplan, O. Aumont et al., Indian ocean dipole and El Niño/Southern Oscillation impacts on regional chlorophyll anomalies in the Indian Ocean, Biogeosciences, vol.10, issue.10, pp.6677-6698, 2013.

A. W. Dale, L. Nickelsen, F. Scholz, C. Hensen, A. Oschlies et al., A revised global estimate of dissolved iron fluxes from marine sediments, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.29, issue.5, pp.691-707, 2015.

R. E. Davis, Intermediate-Depth Circulation of the Indian and South Pacific Oceans Measured by Autonomous Floats, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.35, issue.5, pp.683-707, 2005.

H. J. De-baar, J. T. De-jong, D. C. Bakker, B. M. Löscher, C. Veth et al., Importance of iron for plankton blooms and carbon dioxide drawdown in the Southern Ocean, Nature, vol.373, issue.6513, pp.412-415, 1995.

C. De-boyer-montégut, Mixed layer depth over the global ocean: An examination of profile data and a profile-based climatology, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.109, issue.C12, p.3, 2004.

W. P. De-ruijter, H. M. Van-aken, E. J. Beier, J. R. Lutjeharms, R. P. Matano et al., Eddies and dipoles around South Madagascar: Formation, pathways and large-scale impact, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.51, pp.383-400, 2004.

W. P. De-ruijter, H. Ridderinkhof, and M. W. Schouten, Variability of the southern Indian Ocean, Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A, vol.363, pp.63-76, 1826.

L. Debreu and E. Blayo, Two-way embedding algorithms: a review, Ocean Dynamics, vol.58, issue.5-6, pp.415-428, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00387449

L. Debreu, C. Vouland, and E. Blayo, AGRIF: Adaptive grid refinement in Fortran, Computers & Geosciences, vol.34, issue.1, pp.8-13, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00069912

L. Debreu, P. Marchesiello, P. Penven, and G. Cambon, Two-way nesting in split-explicit ocean models: Algorithms, implementation and validation, Ocean Modelling, pp.49-50, 2012.

D. P. Dee, S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli et al.,

L. Geer, S. B. Haimberger, H. Healy, E. V. Hersbach, L. Hólm et al., The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.137, issue.656, pp.553-597, 2011.

A. F. Dilmahamod, J. C. Hermes, and C. J. Reason, Chlorophyll-a variability in the Seychelles-Chagos Thermocline Ridge: Analysis of a coupled biophysical model, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.154, pp.220-232, 2016.

S. F. Dimarco, P. Chapman, and J. Nowlin, Satellite observations of upwelling on the continental shelf south of Madagascar, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.27, issue.24, pp.3965-3968, 2000.

S. F. Dimarco, P. Chapman, W. D. Nowlin, P. Hacker, K. Donohue et al., Volume transport and property distributions of the Mozambique Channel, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.49, pp.1481-1511, 2002.

C. M. Domingues, M. E. Maltrud, S. E. Wijffels, J. A. Church, and M. Tomczak, Simulated Lagrangian pathways between the Leeuwin Current System and the upper-ocean circulation of the southeast Indian Ocean, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.54, pp.797-817, 2007.

C. Dong, J. C. Mcwilliams, Y. Liu, and D. Chen, Global heat and salt transports by eddy movement, Nature Communications, vol.5, 2014.

K. A. Donohue and J. M. Toole, A near-synoptic survey of the Southwest Indian Ocean, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.50, pp.1893-1931, 2003.

N. Ducet, P. Y. Le-traon, and G. Reverdin, Global high-resolution mapping of ocean circulation from TOPEX/Poseidon and ERS-1 and-2, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.105, issue.C8, pp.477-496, 2000.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772161

F. Dufois, N. J. Hardman-mountford, J. Greenwood, A. J. Richardson, M. Feng et al., Impact of eddies on surface chlorophyll in the South Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.11, pp.8061-8077, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01132021

F. Dufois, N. J. Hardman-mountford, J. Greenwood, A. J. Richardson, M. Feng et al., Anticyclonic eddies are more productive than cyclonic eddies in subtropical gyres because of winter mixing, Science Advances, vol.2, issue.5, 1600.
DOI : 10.1126/sciadv.1600282
URL : http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/advances/2/5/e1600282.full.pdf

F. Dufois, N. J. Hardman-mountford, M. Fernandes, B. Wojtasiewicz, D. Shenoy et al., Observational insights into chlorophyll distributions of subtropical South Indian Ocean eddies, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.44, issue.7, pp.3255-3264, 2017.
DOI : 10.1002/2016gl072371
URL : https://agupubs.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1002/2016GL072371

R. Dugdale, D. Menzel, and J. ,

. Ryther, Nitrogen fixation in the Sargasso Sea, Deep-Sea Research, vol.7, pp.297-300, 1961.

C. M. Duncombe-rae, S. L. Garzoli, and A. L. Gordon, The eddy field of the southeast Atlantic Ocean: A statistical census from the Benguela Sources and Transports Project, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, issue.C5, pp.949-960, 1996.

J. Dunn and K. Ridgway, Mapping ocean properties in regions of complex topography, Deep Sea Research Part I, vol.49, pp.69-72, 2002.

J. V. Durgadoo, B. R. Loveday, C. J. Reason, P. Penven, and A. Biastoch, Agulhas Leakage Predominantly Responds to the Southern Hemisphere Westerlies, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.43, issue.10, pp.2113-2131, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01153697

C. Eden, Eddy length scales in the North Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.112, issue.C6, p.4, 2007.

M. Edwards and A. J. Richardson, Impact of climate change on marine pelagic phenology and trophic mismatch, Nature, vol.430, issue.7002, pp.881-884, 2004.

W. E. Esaias, M. R. Abbott, I. Barton, O. B. Brown, J. W. Campbell et al., An overview of MODIS capabilities for ocean science observations, IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing, vol.36, issue.4, pp.1250-1265, 1998.

C. W. Fairall, E. F. Bradley, D. P. Rogers, J. B. Edson, and G. S. Young, Bulk parameterization of air-sea fluxes for Tropical Ocean-Global Atmosphere CoupledOcean Atmosphere Response Experiment, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.101, issue.C2, pp.3747-3764, 1996.

F. Fang and R. Morrow, Evolution, movement and decay of warm-core Leeuwin Current eddies, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.50, pp.2245-2261, 2003.

A. Ffield, J. Toole, and D. Wilson, Seasonal circulation in the south Indian Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.22, pp.2773-2776, 1997.

B. N. Filyushkin, M. A. Sokolovskiy, N. G. Kozhelupova, and I. M. Vagina, Evolution of intrathermocline eddies moving over a submarine hill, Doklady Earth Sciences, vol.441, issue.2, pp.1757-1760, 2011.

G. R. Flierl, No Particle motions in large-amplitude wave fields, vol.18, pp.39-74, 1981.

E. Frajka-williams, P. B. Rhines, and C. C. Eriksen, Physical controls and mesoscale variability in the Labrador Sea spring phytoplankton bloom observed by Seaglider, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.56, pp.2144-2161, 2009.

N. Garfield, C. A. Collins, R. G. Paquette, and E. Carter, Lagrangian Exploration of the California Undercurrent, 1992-95, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.4, pp.560-583, 1999.

P. Gaube, D. B. Chelton, P. G. Strutton, and M. J. Behrenfeld, Satellite observations of chlorophyll, phytoplankton biomass, and Ekman pumping in nonlinear mesoscale eddies, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.118, issue.12, pp.6349-6370, 2013.

P. Gaube, D. J. Mcgillicuddy, D. B. Chelton, M. J. Behrenfeld, and P. G. Strutton, Regional variations in the influence of mesoscale eddies on near-surface chlorophyll, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.12, pp.8195-8220, 2014.

P. Gaube, D. B. Chelton, R. M. Samelson, M. G. Schlax, and L. W. O'neill, Satellite Observations of Mesoscale Eddy-Induced Ekman Pumping, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.45, issue.1, pp.104-132, 2015.

R. J. Geider, H. L. Maclntyre, and T. M. Kana, A dynamic regulatory model of phytoplanktonic acclimation to light, nutrients, and temperature, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.43, issue.4, pp.679-694, 1998.

A. E. Gill and P. P. Niiler, The theory of the seasonal variability in the ocean, Deep-Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, vol.20, pp.90049-90050, 1973.

C. Gnanaseelan and B. H. Vaid, Interannual variability in the Biannual Rossby waves in the tropical Indian Ocean and its relation to Indian Ocean Dipole and El Nino forcing, Ocean Dynamics, vol.60, issue.1, pp.27-40, 2010.

J. S. Godfrey and K. R. Ridgway, Longshore Steric Height Gradients, Wind Stresses and Geostrophic Flow, vol.2, 1985.

A. L. Gordon, Interocean exchange of thermocline water, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.91, issue.C4, p.5037, 1986.

A. L. Gordon and R. A. Fine, Pathways of water between the Pacific and Indian oceans in the Indonesian seas, 1996.

A. L. Gordon and J. L. Mcclean, Thermohaline Stratification of the Indonesian Seas: Model and Observations*, vol.29, pp.198-216, 1999.

A. L. Gordon, C. F. Giulivi, C. M. Lee, H. H. Furey, A. Bower et al., Japan/East Sea Intrathermocline Eddies, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1960-1974, 2002.

A. L. Gordon, E. Shroyer, and V. S. Murty, An Intrathermocline Eddy and a tropical cyclone in the Bay of Bengal, Scientific Reports, vol.46, issue.7, p.218, 2016.

W. W. Gregg and M. E. Conkright, Global seasonal climatologies of ocean chlorophyll: Blending in situ and satellite data for the Coastal Zone Color Scanner era, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.106, issue.C2, pp.2499-2515, 2001.

M. L. Gründlingh, Anatomy of a cyclonic eddy of the mozambique ridge current, Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.34, pp.90084-90091, 1987.

M. L. Gründlingh, On the winter flow in the southern Mozambique channel, Deep-Sea Research Part I, vol.40, pp.409-418, 1993.

M. L. Gründlingh, Tracking eddies in the southeast Atlantic and southwest Indian oceans with TOPEX/POSEIDON, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, p.986, 1995.

, Occurence of Red Sea Water in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, vol.15, pp.207-212, 1981.

G. R. Halliwell, G. Peng, and D. B. Olson, Stability of the Sargasso Sea Subtropical Frontal Zone, 1994.

I. Halo, P. Penven, B. Backeberg, I. Ansorge, F. Shillington et al., Mesoscale eddy variability in the southern extension of the East Madagascar Current: Seasonal cycle, energy conversion terms, and eddy mean properties, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.10, pp.7324-7356, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01131322

I. Halo, B. Backeberg, P. Penven, I. Ansorge, C. Reason et al., Eddy properties in the Mozambique Channel: A comparison between observations and two numerical ocean circulation models, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.100, pp.38-53, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01131548

K. Hanawa and L. D. Talley, International Geophysics, vol.77, pp.80129-80136, 2001.

C. Hansen, E. Kvaleberg, and A. Samuelsen, Anticyclonic eddies in the Norwegian Sea; their generation, evolution and impact on primary production, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.57, pp.1079-1091, 2010.

S. Hastenrath and L. Greischar, The monsoonal current regimes of the tropical Indian Ocean: Observed surface flow fields and their geostrophic and wind-driven components, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, issue.C7, p.619, 1991.

D. Hebert, N. Oakey, and B. Ruddick, Evolution of a Mediterranean Salt Lens: Scalar Properties, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.20, issue.9, pp.1468-1483, 1990.

K. Hedstrom, User's Manual for an S-Coordinate Primitive Equation Ocean Circulation Model SCRUM Version 3.0, 1997.

K. S. Hedström, Technical Manual for a Coupled Sea-Ice / Ocean Circulation Model ( Version 3 ) Technical Manual for a Coupled Sea-Ice / Ocean Circulation Model, 2009.

J. C. Hermes and C. J. Reason, Annual cycle of the South Indian Ocean (Seychelles-Chagos) thermocline ridge in a regional ocean model, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.113, issue.4, p.35, 2008.

J. Hjort, Fluctuations in the year classes of important food fishes, J. Cons. int. Explor. Mer, vol.1, pp.5-38, 1926.

P. J. Hogan and H. E. Hurlburt, Why do intrathermocline eddies form in the Japan/East Sea? A modeling perspective, NAVAL RESEARCH LAB STENNIS SPACE CENTER MS OCEANOGRAPHY DIV, issue.0704, p.31, 2006.

F. Huhn, A. Von-kameke, V. Pérez-muñuzuri, M. J. Olascoaga, and F. J. Beron-vera, The impact of advective transport by the South Indian Ocean Countercurrent on the Madagascar plankton bloom, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.39, issue.6, 2012.

I. Iskandar, H. Sasaki, Y. Sasai, Y. Masumoto, and K. Mizuno, A numerical investigation of eddy-induced chlorophyll bloom in the southeastern tropical Indian Ocean during Indian Ocean Dipole, Ocean Dynamics, vol.60, issue.3, pp.731-742, 2006.

D. R. Jackett and T. J. Mcdougall, Minimal Adjustment of Hydrographic Profiles to Achieve Static Stability, vol.2, 1995.

S. R. Jayne and J. Marotzke, The Oceanic Eddy Heat Transport*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.12, pp.3328-3345, 2002.

C. Jeandel, B. Peucker-ehrenbrink, M. Jones, C. Pearce, E. Oelkers et al., Ocean margins: The missing term in oceanic element budgets?, EOS (Transactions, issue.26, pp.217-224, 2011.

G. Jerónimo and J. Gómez-valdés, A subsurface warm-eddy off northern Baja California in, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.34, issue.6, pp.1-5, 2004.

F. Jia, L. Wu, and B. Qiu, Seasonal Modulation of Eddy Kinetic Energy and Its Formation Mechanism in the Southeast Indian Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.41, issue.4, pp.657-665, 2011.

F. Jia, L. Wu, J. Lan, and B. Qiu, Interannual modulation of eddy kinetic energy in the southeast Indian Ocean by Southern Annular Mode, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.116, issue.C2, p.29, 2011.

G. C. Johnson and K. E. Mctaggart, Equatorial Pacific 13 C Water Eddies in the Eastern Subtropical South Pacific Ocean*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.40, issue.1, pp.226-236, 2010.

K. S. Johnson, F. P. Chavez, and G. E. Friederich, Continental-shelf sediment as a primary source of iron for coastal phytoplankton, Nature, vol.398, issue.6729, pp.697-700, 1999.

Y. S. José, O. Aumont, E. Machu, P. Penven, C. L. Moloney et al., Influence of mesoscale eddies on biological production in the Mozambique Channel: Several contrasted examples from a coupled ocean-biogeochemistry model, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.100, pp.79-93, 2014.

Y. S. José, P. Penven, O. Aumont, E. Machu, C. L. Moloney et al., Suppressing and enhancing effects of mesoscale dynamics on biological production in the Mozambique Channel, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.158, pp.129-139, 2016.

M. Kahru and B. G. Mitchell, Blending of ocean colour algorithms applied to the Southern Ocean, Remote Sensing Letters, vol.1, issue.2, pp.119-124, 2010.

E. Kalnay, M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven et al., The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.77, issue.3, pp.437-471, 1996.

M. G. Keerthi, M. Lengaigne, J. Vialard, C. De-boyer-montégut, and P. M. Muraleedharan, Interannual variability of the Tropical Indian Ocean mixed layer depth, Climate Dynamics, vol.40, issue.3-4, pp.743-759, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00914946

D. Kim, E. J. Yang, K. H. Kim, C. Shin, J. Park et al., Impact of an anticyclonic eddy on the summer nutrient and chlorophyll a distributions in the Ulleung Basin, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.69, issue.1, pp.23-29, 2012.

V. Koné, O. Aumont, M. Lévy, and L. Resplandy, Physical and biogeochemical controls of the phytoplankton seasonal cycle in the Indian Ocean: A modeling study, Geophysical Monograph Series, vol.185, pp.147-166, 2009.

A. Kostianoy and I. Belkin, A Survey of Observations on Intrathermocline Eddies in the World Ocean, Elsevier oceanography series, vol.50, pp.821-841, 1989.

P. Kumar, J. Vialard, M. Lengaigne, V. S. Murty, G. R. Foltz et al., Processes of interannual mixed layer temperature variability in the thermocline ridge of the Indian Ocean, vol.43, pp.2377-2397, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01135587

P. K. Kundu and J. P. Mccreary, On the Dynamics of the Throughflow from the Pacific into the Indian Ocean, vol.2, 1986.

E. Lambert, D. L. Bars, and W. P. De-ruijter, The connection of the Indonesian Throughflow, South Indian Ocean Countercurrent and the Leeuwin Current, Ocean Science, vol.12, issue.3, pp.771-780, 2016.

W. G. Large, J. C. Mcwilliams, and S. C. Doney, Oceanic vertical mixing: A review and a model with a nonlocal boundary layer parameterization, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.32, issue.4, p.363, 1994.

J. R. Ledwell, D. J. Mcgillicuddy, and L. A. Anderson, Nutrient flux into an intense deep chlorophyll layer in a mode-water eddy, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.55, pp.1139-1160, 2008.

Y. Lehahn, F. D'ovidio, M. Lévy, Y. Amitai, and E. Heifetz, Long range transport of a quasi isolated chlorophyll patch by an Agulhas ring, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.38, issue.16, pp.1-6, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00833010

F. Lemarié, J. Kurian, A. F. Shchepetkin, M. J. Molemaker, F. Colas et al., Are there inescapable issues prohibiting the use of terrainfollowing coordinates in climate models?, Ocean Modelling, vol.42, pp.57-79, 2012.

C. Lett, P. Verley, C. Mullon, C. Parada, T. Brochier et al., A Lagrangian tool for modelling ichthyoplankton dynamics, Environmental Modelling and Software, vol.23, pp.1210-1214, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00405768

M. Lévy, Mesoscale variability of phytoplankton and of new production: Impact of the large-scale nutrient distribution, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.108, issue.C11, p.3358, 2003.

M. Lévy, D. Shankar, J. M. André, S. S. Shenoi, F. Durand et al., Basin-wide seasonal evolution of the Indian Ocean's phytoplankton blooms, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.112, issue.12, p.14, 2007.

M. Lévy, R. Ferrari, P. J. Franks, A. P. Martin, and P. Rivière, Bringing physics to life at the submesoscale, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.39, issue.14, 2012.

L. Bibliography, P. Hégaret, X. Carton, I. Ambar, C. Ménesguen et al., Evidence of Mediterranean Water dipole collision in the Gulf of Cadiz, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.8, pp.5337-5359, 2014.

C. Li, Z. Zhang, W. Zhao, and J. Tian, A statistical study on the subthermocline submesoscale eddies in the northwestern Pacific Ocean based on Argo data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.122, issue.5, pp.3586-3598, 2017.

H. Li, F. Xu, W. Zhou, D. Wang, J. S. Wright et al., Development of a global gridded Argo data set with Barnes successive corrections, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.122, issue.2, pp.866-889, 2017.

H. Li, Z. Liu, J. Xu, X. Wu, C. Sun et al., Manual of Global Ocean Argo gridded data set (BOA-Argo), 2017.

I. Lin, W. T. Liu, C. Wu, G. T. Wong, C. Hu et al., New evidence for enhanced ocean primary production triggered by tropical cyclone, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, issue.13, pp.10-13, 2003.

A. Longhurst, A major seasonal phytoplankton bloom in the Madagascar Basin, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.48, pp.2413-2422, 2001.

A. Longhurst, Ecological geography of the sea, 2010.

B. R. Loveday, J. V. Durgadoo, C. J. Reason, A. Biastoch, and P. Penven, Decoupling of the Agulhas Leakage from the Agulhas Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.44, issue.7, pp.1776-1797, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01131334

J. R. Lutjeharms and E. Machu, An upwelling cell inshore of the East Madagascar Current, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.47, pp.26-27, 2000.

J. R. Lutjeharms, Remote sensing corroboration of retroflection of the East Madagascar Current, Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.35, pp.2045-2050, 1988.

J. R. Lutjeharms and R. C. Van-ballegooyen, The Retroflection of the Agulhas Current, 1988.

J. R. Lutjeharms, N. D. Bang, and C. P. Duncan, Characteristics of the currents east and south of Madagascar, Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.28, pp.879-899, 1981.

A. M. Macdonald, The global ocean circulation: A hydrographic estimate and regional analysis, Progress in Oceanography, vol.41, issue.3, pp.20-22, 1998.

E. Machu and V. Garçon, Phytoplankton seasonal distribution from SeaWiFS data in the Agulhas Current system, Journal of Marine Research, vol.59, pp.795-812, 2001.

E. Machu, J. R. Lutjeharms, A. M. Webb, and H. M. Van-aken, First hydrographic evidence of the southeast Madagascar upwelling cell, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.29, issue.21, pp.1-5, 2002.

D. L. Mackas, S. Batten, and M. Trudel, Effects on zooplankton of a warmer ocean: Recent evidence from the Northeast Pacific, Progress in Oceanography, vol.75, issue.2, pp.223-252, 2007.

P. Marchesiello, J. C. Mcwilliams, and A. Shchepetkin, Open boundary conditions for long-term integration of regional oceanic models, Ocean Modelling, vol.3, issue.1-2, pp.1-20, 2001.

P. Marchesiello, L. Debreu, and X. Couvelard, Spurious diapycnal mixing in terrain-following coordinate models: The problem and a solution, Ocean Modelling, vol.26, issue.3-4, pp.156-169, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00409317

J. P. Mccreary, R. Shetye, P. K. Satish, and . Kundu, Thermohaline forcing of eastern boundary currents : off the west coast of Australia, Journal of Marine Research, vol.44, pp.71-92, 1986.

S. E. Mcdowell and H. T. Rossby, Mediterranean Water: An Intense Mesoscale Eddy off the Bahamas, Science, vol.202, pp.1085-1087, 1978.

D. Mcgillicuddy and A. Robinson, Eddy-induced nutrient supply and new production in the Sargasso Sea, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.44, pp.1427-1450, 1997.

D. J. Mcgillicuddy, Formation of Intrathermocline Lenses by Eddy Wind Interaction, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.45, issue.2, pp.606-612, 2015.

D. J. Mcgillicuddy, L. A. Anderson, N. R. Bates, T. Bibby, K. O. Buesseler et al., Eddy/Wind Interactions Stimulate Extraordinary Mid-Ocean Plankton Blooms, pp.1021-1026, 2007.

J. C. Mcwilliams, Submesoscale Coherent Vortices in the Ocean, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.23, issue.2, pp.165-182, 1985.

V. V. Menezes, H. E. Phillips, A. Schiller, N. L. Bindoff, C. M. Domingues et al., South Indian countercurrent and associated fronts, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.10, pp.6763-6791, 2014.

V. V. Menezes, H. E. Phillips, M. L. Vianna, and N. L. Bindoff, Interannual variability of the South Indian Countercurrent, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.121, issue.5, pp.3465-3487, 2016.

G. Meyers, Variation of Indonesian throughflow and the El Niño-Southern Oscillation, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.101, issue.C5, pp.255-267, 1996.

J. Monod, Recherches sur la croissance des cultures bacteriennes, 1942.

C. E. Morales, S. Hormazabal, M. Correa-ramirez, O. Pizarro, N. Silva et al., Mesoscale variability and nutrientphytoplankton distributions off central-southern Chile during the upwelling season: The influence of mesoscale eddies, Progress in Oceanography, vol.104, pp.1-16, 2012.

R. Morrow and F. Birol, Variability in the southeast Indian Ocean from altimetry: Forcing mechanisms for the Leeuwin Current, Oceans, 103 (C9), vol.18, pp.529-547, 1998.

R. Morrow, F. Birol, D. Griffin, J. Sudre, D. Giffin et al., Divergent pathways of cylonic and anti-cyclonic ocean eddies, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.31, issue.24, pp.1-5, 2004.

R. A. Myers and B. Worm, Rapid worldwide depletion of predatory fish communities, Nature, vol.423, issue.6937, pp.280-283, 2003.

R. K. Naik, J. V. George, M. A. Soares, A. Devi, N. Anilkumar et al., Phytoplankton community structure at the juncture of the Agulhas Return Front and Subtropical Front in the Indian Ocean sector of Southern Ocean: Bottom-up and top-down control, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.118, pp.233-239, 2015.

J. J. Nauw, H. M. Van-aken, J. R. Lutjeharms, and W. P. De-ruijter, Intrathermocline eddies in the Southern Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.111, issue.C3, p.6, 2006.

J. J. Nauw, H. M. Van-aken, A. Webb, J. R. Lutjeharms, and W. P. De-ruijter, Observations of the southern East Madagascar Current and undercurrent and countercurrent system, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.113, issue.8, p.6, 2008.

A. L. New, S. G. Alderson, D. A. Smeed, and K. L. Stansfield, On the circulation of water masses across the Mascarene Plateau in the South Indian Ocean, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.54, pp.42-74, 2007.

L. Niu, P. H. Van-gelder, C. Zhang, Y. Guan, and J. K. Vrijling, Physical control of phytoplankton bloom development in the coastal waters of Jiangsu (China), Ecological Modelling, vol.321, pp.75-83, 2016.

B. M. O'connor, R. A. Fine, and D. B. Olson, A global comparison of subtropical underwater formation rates, Deep Sea Research Part I, vol.52, pp.1569-1590, 2005.

E. Oka, K. Toyama, and T. Suga, Subduction of North Pacific central mode water associated with subsurface mesoscale eddy, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.8, p.607, 2009.

A. Oschlies, Can eddies make ocean deserts bloom?, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.16, issue.4, pp.53-54, 2002.

H. Ou and A. Gordon, Subduction along a Midocean Front and the Generation of Intrathermocline Eddies: A Theoretical Study*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.6, pp.1975-1986, 2002.

W. B. Owens and A. P. Wong, An improved calibration method for the drift of the conductivity sensor on autonomous CTD profiling floats by ?-S climatology, Deep Sea Research Part I, vol.56, pp.450-457, 2009.

V. Palastanga, P. J. Van-leeuwen, and W. P. De-ruijter, A link between low-frequency mesoscale eddy variability around Madagascar and the large-scale Indian Ocean variability, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.111, issue.9, p.29, 2006.

V. Palastanga, P. J. Van-leeuwen, M. W. Schouten, and W. P. De-ruijter, Flow structure and variability in the subtropical Indian Ocean: Instability of the South Indian Ocean Countercurrent, vol.112, p.1, 2007.

N. A. Pelland, C. C. Eriksen, and C. M. Lee, Subthermocline Eddies over the Washington Continental Slope as Observed by Seagliders, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.43, issue.10, pp.2025-2053, 2003.

P. Penven, J. R. Lutjeharms, and P. Florenchie, Madagascar: A pacemaker for the Agulhas Current system?, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.33, issue.17, p.609, 2006.

P. Penven, L. Debreu, P. Marchesiello, and J. C. Mcwilliams, Evaluation and application of the ROMS 1-way embedding procedure to the central california upwelling system, Ocean Modelling, vol.12, issue.1-2, pp.157-187, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00280334

P. Penven, P. Marchesiello, L. Debreu, and J. Lefèvre, Software tools for preand post-processing of oceanic regional simulations, Environmental Modelling and Software, vol.23, pp.660-662, 2008.

P. Penven, S. Halo, L. Pous, and . Marié, Cyclogeostrophic balance in the Mozambique Channel, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.119, issue.2, pp.1054-1067, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01128387

T. Platt, D. S. Broomhead, S. Sathyendranath, A. M. Edwards, and E. J. Murphy, Phytoplankton biomass and residual nitrate in the pelagic ecosystem, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.459, pp.1063-1073, 2003.

T. Polacheck, Tuna longline catch rates in the Indian Ocean: Did industrial fishing result in a 90% rapid decline in the abundance of large predatory species?, Marine Policy, vol.30, pp.470-482, 2006.

L. Ponsoni, B. Aguiar-gonzález, L. R. Maas, H. M. Van-aken, and H. Ridderinkhof, Long-term observations of the East Madagascar Undercurrent, Deep-Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.100, pp.64-78, 2015.

L. Ponsoni, B. Aguiar-gonzález, H. Ridderinkhof, and L. R. Maas, The East Madagascar Current: Volume Transport and Variability Based on Long-Term Observations*, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.46, issue.4, pp.1045-1065, 2016.

A. J. Poulton, M. C. Stinchcombe, and G. D. Quartly, High numbers of Trichodesmium and diazotrophic diatoms in the southwest Indian Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.15, 2009.

A. Provenzale, Transport by coherent barotropic vortices, Annual review of fluid mechanics, vol.31, pp.55-93, 1999.

B. Qiu and S. Chen, Eddy-Induced Heat Transport in the Subtropical North Pacific from Argo, TMI, and Altimetry Measurements, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.35, issue.4, pp.458-473, 2005.

D. Quadfasel, A. Frische, and G. Cresswell, The circulation in the source area of the South Equatorial Current in the eastern Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.101, issue.C5, p.483, 1996.

G. Quartly, J. Buck, M. Srokosz, and A. Coward, Eddies around Madagascar-The retroflection re-considered, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.63, issue.3-4, pp.115-129, 2006.

G. D. Quartly and M. A. Srokosz, SST Observations of the Agulhas and East Madagascar Retroflections by the TRMM Microwave Imager, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.5, pp.1585-1592, 2002.

G. D. Quartly and M. A. Srokosz, Eddies in the southern Mozambique Channel, Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.51, pp.69-83, 2004.

R. P. Raj, B. N. Peter, and D. Pushpadas, Oceanic and atmospheric influences on the variability of phytoplankton bloom in the Southwestern Indian Ocean, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.82, issue.4, pp.217-229, 2010.

J. D. Ramanantsoa, M. Krug, P. Penven, M. Rouault, and J. Gula, Coastal upwelling south of Madagascar: Temporal and spatial variability, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.178, pp.29-37, 2017.

J. D. Ramanantsoa, P. Penven, M. Krug, J. Gula, and M. Rouault, Uncovering a New Current: The Southwest MAdagascar Coastal Current, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.45, issue.4, pp.1930-1938, 2018.

L. V. Rao and P. S. Ram, Upper ocean physical processes in the Tropical Indian Ocean, 2005.

R. R. Rao, R. L. Molinari, and J. F. Festa, Evolution of the climatological near-surface thermal structure of the tropical Indian Ocean: 1. Description of mean monthly mixed layer depth, and sea surface temperature, surface current, and surface meteorological fields, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.94, issue.C8, p.801, 1989.

S. A. Rao and S. K. Behera, Subsurface influence on SST in the tropical Indian Ocean: Structure and interannual variability, Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, vol.39, pp.103-135, 2005.

M. Rast, J. L. Bézy, and S. Bruzzi, The ESA Medium Resolution Imaging Spectrometer MERIS a review of the instrument and its mission, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.20, issue.9, pp.1681-1702, 1999.

C. J. Reason, Subtropical Indian Ocean SST dipole events and southern African rainfall, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.28, issue.11, pp.2225-2227, 2001.

C. J. Reason, R. J. Allan, J. A. Lindesay, and T. J. Ansell, Enso and climatic signals across the Indian Ocean basin in the global context: Part I, Interannual composite patterns, International Journal of Climatology, vol.20, issue.11, pp.1285-1327, 2000.

J. L. Reid, On the total geostrophic circulation of the Indian Ocean: flow patterns, tracers, and transports, Progress in Oceanography, vol.56, issue.1, pp.141-147, 2003.

L. Renault, M. J. Molemaker, J. C. Mcwilliams, A. F. Shchepetkin, F. Lemarié et al., Modulation of Wind Work by Oceanic Current Interaction with the Atmosphere, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.46, issue.6, pp.1685-1704, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01295496

L. Resplandy, J. Vialard, M. Lévy, O. Aumont, and Y. Dandonneau, Seasonal and intraseasonal biogeochemical variability in the thermocline ridge of the southern tropical Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.114, issue.7, p.24, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00413573

K. Richardson, Harmful or Exceptional Phytoplankton Blooms in the Marine Ecosystem, vol.31, pp.60225-60229, 1997.

P. L. Richardson, Eddy kinetic energy in the North Atlantic from surface drifters, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.88, issue.C7, pp.558-562, 1983.

K. R. Ridgway, J. R. Dunn, and J. L. Wilkin, Ocean Interpolation by FourDimensional Weighted Least Squares-Application to the Waters around Australasia, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.19, issue.9, pp.1357-1375, 2002.

S. C. Riser, H. J. Freeland, D. Roemmich, S. Wijffels, A. Troisi et al., Fifteen years of ocean observations with the global Argo array, Nature Climate Change, vol.6, issue.2, pp.145-153, 2016.

A. Robinson, Overview and summary of eddy science, in Eddies in marine science, pp.3-15, 1983.

A. R. Robinson, Eddies in marine science, 2012.

D. Roemmich and J. Gilson, Eddy Transport of Heat and Thermocline Waters in the North Pacific: A Key to Interannual/Decadal Climate Variability?, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.31, issue.3, pp.675-687, 2001.

M. J. Rouault and P. Penven, New perspectives on Natal Pulses from satellite observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.116, issue.C7, p.13, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00650695

M. J. Rouault, A. Mouche, F. Collard, J. A. Johannessen, and B. Chapron, Mapping the Agulhas Current from space: An assessment of ASAR surface current velocities, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.115, issue.C10, p.26, 2010.

G. Roullet, X. Capet, and G. Maze, Global interior eddy available potential energy diagnosed from Argo floats, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.41, issue.5, pp.1651-1656, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01128423

M. K. Roxy, K. Ritika, P. Terray, and S. Masson, The Curious Case of Indian Ocean Warming* ,+, Journal of Climate, vol.27, issue.22, pp.8501-8509, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01141647

J. H. Ryther, Photosynthesis and Fish Production in the Sea, Science, vol.166, issue.3901, pp.72-76, 1969.

N. H. Saji, B. N. Goswami, P. N. Vinayachandran, and T. Yamagata, A dipole mode in the tropical Indian ocean, Nature, vol.401, issue.6751, pp.360-363, 1999.

J. B. Sallée, K. Speer, R. Morrow, and R. Lumpkin, An estimate of Lagrangian eddy statistics and diffusion in the mixed layer of the Southern Ocean, Journal of Marine Research, vol.66, issue.4, pp.441-463, 2008.

P. Sangrà, A. Pascual, Á. Rodríguez-santana, F. Machín, E. Mason et al., The Canary Eddy Corridor: A major pathway for long-lived eddies in the subtropical North Atlantic, Deep Sea Research Part I, vol.56, pp.2100-2114, 2009.

M. R. Sapiano, C. W. Brown, S. Schollaert-uz, and M. Vargas, Establishing a global climatology of marine phytoplankton phenological characteristics, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.117, issue.C8, 2012.

J. Sarmiento, Ocean biogeochemical dynamics, 2013.

M. G. Schlax and D. B. Chelton, The "Growing Method" of Eddy Identification and Tracking in Two and Three Dimensions, 2016.

F. Schott, Monsoon response of the Somali Current and associated upwelling, Progress in Oceanography, vol.12, issue.3, pp.90014-90023, 1983.

F. Schott, M. Fieux, J. Kindle, J. Swallow, and R. Zantopp, The boundary currents east and north of Madagascar: 2. Direct measurements and model comparisons, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.93, issue.C5, p.4963, 1988.

F. A. Schott and J. P. Mccreary, The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean, Progress in Oceanography, vol.51, issue.1, pp.1-123, 2001.

F. A. Schott, S. Xie, and J. P. Mccreary, Indian Ocean Circulation and Climate Variability, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.47, pp.1-46, 2007.

M. W. Schouten, W. P. De-ruijter, and P. J. Van-leeuwen, Upstream control of Agulhas Ring shedding, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.107, issue.23, pp.1-11, 2002.

G. Shapiro and S. Meschanov, Distribution and spreading of Red Sea Water and salt lens formation in the northwest Indian Ocean, Deep Sea Research Part A, vol.38, pp.21-34, 1991.

G. S. Sharma, Water characteristics and current structure at 65°E during the southwest monsoon, 1976.

G. S. Sharma, A. D. Gouveia, and S. Satyendranath, Incursion of the Pacific Ocean Water into the Indian Ocean, Journal of Earth System Science, vol.87, issue.3, pp.29-45, 1978.

A. F. Shchepetkin, A method for computing horizontal pressure-gradient force in an oceanic model with a nonaligned vertical coordinate, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.108, issue.C3, p.3090, 2003.

A. F. Shchepetkin and J. C. Mcwilliams, The regional oceanic modeling system (ROMS): A split-explicit, free-surface, topography-following-coordinate oceanic model, Ocean Modelling, vol.9, pp.347-404, 2005.

A. F. Shchepetkin and J. C. Mcwilliams, Computational Kernel Algorithms for Fine-Scale, Multiprocess, Longtime Oceanic Simulations, Handbook of Numerical Analysis, vol.14, pp.121-183, 2009.

W. Shi and M. Wang, Observations of a Hurricane Katrina-induced phytoplankton bloom in the Gulf of Mexico, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.34, issue.11, pp.1-5, 2007.

G. Siedler, M. Rouault, and J. R. Lutjeharms, Structure and origin of the subtropical South Indian Ocean Countercurrent, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.33, issue.24, p.609, 2006.

G. Siedler, M. Rouault, A. Biastoch, B. Backeberg, C. J. Reason et al., Modes of the southern extension of the East Madagascar Current, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.114, issue.C1, p.5, 2009.

D. A. Siegel, P. Peterson, D. J. Mcgillicuddy, S. Maritorena, and N. B. Nelson, Bio-optical footprints created by mesoscale eddies in the Sargasso Sea, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.38, issue.13, pp.1-6, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2011gl047660
URL : http://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/4739/1/2011GL047660.pdf

J. J. Simpson and R. J. Lynn, A mesoscale eddy dipole in the offshore California Current, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.95, issue.C8, p.9, 1990.

R. L. Smith, A. Huyer, J. S. Godfrey, and J. A. Church, The Leeuwin Current off Western Australia, vol.2, 1986.

Y. Song and D. Haidvogel, A Semi-implicit Ocean Circulation Model Using a Generalized Topography-Following Coordinate System, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.115, issue.1, pp.228-244, 1994.
DOI : 10.1006/jcph.1994.1189

J. M. Souza, C. De-boyer-montégut, C. Cabanes, and P. Klein, Estimation of the Agulhas ring impacts on meridional heat fluxes and transport using ARGO floats and satellite data, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.38, issue.21, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01132500

M. Spall, Frontogenesis, subduction, and cross-front exchange at upper ocean fronts, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, issue.C2, p.2543, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/94jc02860
URL : http://www.whoi.edu/science/po/people/mspall/pdfs/spall_uof_jgr1995.pdf

J. Sprintall, A. L. Gordon, R. Murtugudde, and R. D. Susanto, A semiannual Indian Ocean forced Kelvin wave observed in the Indonesian seas in May, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.C7, pp.217-234, 1997.

M. A. Srokosz and G. D. Quartly, The Madagascar Bloom: A serendipitous study, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.118, issue.1, pp.14-25, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/2012jc008339
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2012JC008339/pdf

M. A. Srokosz, G. D. Quartly, and J. J. Buck, A possible plankton wave in the Indian Ocean, vol.31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2004gl019738
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1029/2004GL019738/pdf

M. A. Srokosz, J. Robinson, H. Mcgrain, E. E. Popova, and A. Yool, Could the Madagascar bloom be fertilized by Madagascan iron?, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.120, issue.8, pp.5790-5803, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/2015jc011075
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2015JC011075/pdf

D. Stammer, Global Characteristics of Ocean Variability Estimated from Regional TOPEX/POSEIDON Altimeter Measurements, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.8, pp.1743-1769, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<1743:gcoove>2.0.co;2

D. Stammer, On Eddy Characteristics, Eddy Transports, and Mean Flow Properties, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.4, pp.727-739, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<0727:oeceta>2.0.co;2

L. Stramma and J. R. Lutjeharms, The flow field of the subtropical gyre of the South Indian Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.102, issue.15, pp.5513-5530, 1997.

B. Subrahmanyam, K. H. Rao, N. Srinivasa-rao, V. S. Murty, and R. J. Sharp, Influence of a tropical cyclone on Chlorophyll-a Concentration in the Arabian Sea, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.29, issue.22, pp.22-23, 2002.

J. Swallow, M. Fieux, and F. Schott, The Boundary Currents East and North of Madagascar 1. Geostrophic Currents and Transports, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.93, issue.7, pp.4951-4962, 1988.

A. Tagliabue, L. Bopp, and O. Aumont, Evaluating the importance of atmospheric and sedimentary iron sources to Southern Ocean biogeochemistry, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, issue.13, p.601, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00413596

T. Takahashi, S. C. Sutherland, R. Wanninkhof, C. Sweeney, R. A. Feely et al., Climatological mean and decadal change in surface ocean pCO2, and net sea-air CO2 flux over the global oceans, Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, vol.56, pp.554-577, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00763263

L. D. Talley and J. Sprintall, Deep expression of the Indonesian Throughflow: Indonesian Intermediate Water in the South Equatorial Current, Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, vol.110, issue.10, pp.1-30, 2005.

I. Tegen and I. Fung, Contribution to the atmospheric mineral aerosol load from land surface modification, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.100, pp.707-725, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95jd02051

P. Tett, The ecophysiology of exceptional blooms, Rapport et Proces-verbaux des Reunions. Conseil international pour l'Exploration de la Mer, vol.187, pp.47-60, 1987.

S. J. Thomalla, N. Fauchereau, S. Swart, and P. M. Monteiro, Regional scale characteristics of the seasonal cycle of chlorophyll in the Southern Ocean, Biogeosciences, vol.8, issue.10, pp.2849-2866, 2011.

L. N. Bibliography-thomas, Formation of intrathermocline eddies at ocean fronts by winddriven destruction of potential vorticity, Dynamics of Atmospheres and Oceans, vol.45, issue.3-4, pp.252-273, 2008.

R. Thompson, Continental-shelf-scale model of the Leeuwin Current, Journal of Marine Research, vol.45, pp.813-827, 1984.

R. O. Thompson, Observations of the Leeuwin Current off Western Australia, 1984.

S. Thomsen, T. Kanzow, G. Krahmann, R. J. Greatbatch, M. Dengler et al., The formation of a subsurface anticyclonic eddy in the Peru-Chile Undercurrent and its impact on the near-coastal salinity, oxygen, and nutrient distributions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.121, issue.1, pp.476-501, 2016.

S. A. Thorpe, An introduction to ocean turbulence, pp.1-291, 2007.

M. Tomczak and J. S. Godfrey, Regional Oceanography: An Introduction, vol.660, pp.591-5153, 1994.

L. Trenary and W. Han, Intraseasonal-to-interannual variability of South Indian Ocean sea level and thermocline: Remote versus local forcing, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.42, issue.4, pp.602-627, 2012.

T. Tsubouchi, T. Suga, and K. Hanawa, Indian Ocean Subtropical Mode Water: its water characteristics and spatial distribution, Ocean Science, vol.6, issue.1, pp.41-50, 2010.

B. M. Uz, What causes the sporadic phytoplankton bloom southeast of Madagascar?, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.112, issue.9, p.10, 2007.

I. Valiela, Marine ecological processes, 2013.

P. N. Vinayachandran, J. Kurian, and C. P. Neema, Indian Ocean response to anomalous conditions in, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.34, issue.15, pp.1-6, 2006.

A. Voldsund, B. Aguiar-gonzález, T. Gammelsrød, J. Krakstad, and J. Ullgren, Observations of the East Madagascar Current system, Journal of Marine Research, vol.75, issue.4, pp.531-555, 2017.

D. L. Volkov, T. Lee, and L. L. Fu, Eddy-induced meridional heat transport in the ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.35, issue.20, pp.1-5, 2008.

A. J. Watson, C. Robinson, J. E. Robinson, P. J. Williams, and M. J. Fasham, Spatial variability in the sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide in the North Atlantic, Nature, vol.350, issue.6313, pp.50-53, 1991.

A. J. Weaver and J. H. Middleton, On the Dynamics of the Leeuwin Current, 1989.

S. Wijffels and G. Meyers, An Intersection of Oceanic Waveguides: Variability in the Indonesian Throughflow Region, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.34, issue.5, pp.1232-1253, 2004.

S. Williams, M. Petersen, P. Bremer, M. Hecht, V. Pascucci et al., Adaptive Extraction and Quantification of Geophysical Vortices, IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics, vol.17, issue.12, pp.2088-2095, 2011.

C. Wilson, Late summer chlorophyll blooms in the oligotrophic North Pacific Subtropical Gyre, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.30, issue.18, p.1942, 2003.

C. Wilson and X. Qiu, Global distribution of summer chlorophyll blooms in the oligotrophic gyres, Progress in Oceanography, vol.78, issue.2, pp.107-134, 2008.

A. P. Wong, Subantarctic Mode Water and Antarctic Intermediate Water in the South Indian Ocean based on profiling float data, Journal of Marine Research, vol.63, issue.4, pp.789-812, 2000.

A. P. Wong, G. C. Johnson, and W. B. Owens, Delayed-Mode Calibration of Autonomous CTD Profiling Float Salinity Data by ?-S Climatology*, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.20, issue.2, pp.308-318, 2003.

K. Wyrtki, The oxygen minima in relation to ocean circulation, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, vol.9, pp.90243-90250, 1962.

K. Wyrtki, Oceanographic atlas of the international Indian Ocean expedition, National Science Foundation, 1971.

P. Xie and P. A. Arkin, Global Precipitation: A 17-Year Monthly Analysis Based on Gauge Observations, Satellite Estimates, and Numerical Model Outputs, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.78, issue.11, pp.2539-2558, 1997.

K. Yamada, J. Ishizaka, S. Yoo, H. Kim, and S. Chiba, Seasonal and interannual variability of sea surface chlorophyll a concentration in the Japan/East Sea (JES), Progress in Oceanography, pp.193-211, 2004.

T. Yamagata, S. K. Behera, J. Luo, S. Masson, M. R. Jury et al., Coupled ocean-atmosphere variability in the tropical Indian Ocean, Geophysical Monograph Series, vol.147, pp.189-211, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00125236

G. Yang, F. Wang, Y. Li, P. Lin-;-g, W. Yu et al., Mesoscale eddies in the northwestern subtropical Pacific Ocean: Statistical characteristics and three-dimensional structures, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.118, issue.4, pp.6733-6750, 2013.

J. A. Yoder and M. A. Kennelly, Seasonal and ENSO variability in global ocean phytoplankton chlorophyll derived from 4 years of SeaWiFS measurements, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.17, issue.4, 2003.

J. A. Yoder, C. R. Mcclain, G. C. Feldman, and W. E. Esaias, Annual cycles of phytoplankton chlorophyll concentrations in the global ocean: A satellite view, Global Biogeochemical Cycles, vol.7, issue.1, pp.181-193, 1993.

J. Yu and K. M. Lau, Contrasting Indian Ocean SST variability with and without ENSO influence: A coupled atmosphere-ocean GCM study, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, vol.90, issue.3-4, pp.179-191, 2005.

W. Yu, B. Xiang, L. Liu, and N. Liu, Understanding the origins of interannual thermocline variations in the tropical Indian Ocean, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.32, issue.24, pp.1-4, 2005.

Z. Zhang, W. Wang, and B. Qiu, Oceanic mass transport by mesoscale eddies, Science, vol.345, issue.6194, pp.322-324, 2014.

Z. Zhang, P. Li, L. Xu, C. Li, W. Zhao et al., Subthermocline eddies observed by rapid-sampling Argo floats in the subtropical northwestern Pacific Ocean in Spring, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.42, issue.15, pp.6438-6445, 2014.

Z. Zhang, R. Lowe, G. Ivey, J. Xu, and J. Falter, The combined effect of transient wind-driven upwelling and eddies on vertical nutrient fluxes and phytoplankton dynamics along Ningaloo Reef, Western Australia, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.121, issue.7, pp.4994-5016, 2016.

S. Zheng, Y. Du, J. Li, and X. Cheng, Eddy characteristics in the South Indian Ocean as inferred from surface drifters, Ocean Science, vol.11, issue.3, pp.361-371, 2015.