, Lorsqu'un matériau est éclairé par la lumière, de nombreux phénomènes peuvent être observés à la fois en surface et a l'intérieure du matériau (voir la Fig. R.A). À la surface

E. Une-fois-transmise and . Peut-Être-diffusée, A son tour, le rayonnement qui se propage dans le matériau peut être diffusé élastiquement ou inélastiquement selon que l'impulsion du photon incident est conservée ou pas. À ce stade là, la lumière diffusée inélastiquement par les ondes acoustiques est généralement appelée diffusion de Brillouin (ce phénomène a été découvert indépendamment par Mandelstam). d'autre part, La diffusion par les autres excitations élémentaires du matériau (phonons optiques, plasmons, ..etc.) est appelée la diffusion Raman (Sir C.V. Raman a reçu le Prix Nobel de Physique en 1930 pour la découverte, en 1928 à Calcutta, en Inde

T. Dans-cette, seuls les phonons seront considérés. Par conséquent, un processus de diffusion Raman est dit du 1 er , 2 ème , .., n ème ordre suivant le nombre de phonons qui ont été émis (diffusion dite de Stokes) ou absorbés

R. Figure, A-Schéma simplifié montrant les processus optiques linéaires à l

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