D. Annexe and . Code, xy : équations continues d'un microgrid générique La fonction F _xy est celle qui représente les équations continues d'un microgrid générique

. Elle-retourne-un-vecteur-y-contenant, pour chaque DER : Le couple référence (? ref sur la Figure 2.31)

, La vitesse de rotation ?

, L'état intégrale du PID de la partie mécanique

, Le courant de référence ; La tension du DER

, L'état intégrale du PID de la partie électrique

, état de charge de la batterie dans le cas d'un producteur renouvelable Les entrées de la fonction sont : r le vecteur y à l'instant précédent

, contenant tous les paramètres mécanique et électrique de chaque DER ; P ratedG la taille de chaque GE ; P ratedP V la taille de chaque producteur renouvelable

, Matrices pour dX = AX+BU / Y = CX+DU 56 connectDER = [ConnectG;ConnectPV]; 57 58 Rg = [RgG; RgPV]; 59 Cg = [CG; CPV]; 60 VectUc = zeros(nbDER,1); % Tension aux bornes de la capacite 61 VectIref = zeros(nbDER,1), 55 %% Partie tension

, Bv = zeros

, Cv = zeros(nbDER * 2+1,nbDER)

=. Dv,

, DivisionRg = zeros(nbDER, vol.1

, 68 for i=1:nbDER 69 if connectDER(i), p.0

, DivisionRg(i) = 0

, Rg(i) = Inf, p.73

. Divisionrg, Rg(i), issue.1

, 74 end 75 end 76 SUMdivRg = sum(DivisionRg)

, Dv(1,1) = -1/SUMdivRg, pp.1-81

, Cv, issue.1 1

, :nbDER+1)) 85 for k=1:nbDER 86 for j=1:nbDER 87 if j =k 88, p.83

, Cv(k+1,j) = -1/(Rg(k) * Rg(j) * SUMdivRg)

, Cv(k+1,k) = (SUMdivRg-1/Rg(k))/(Rg(k) * SUMdivRg)

, Dv(k+1,1) = 1/(Rg(k) * SUMdivRg)

, 96 for k=1:nbDER 97

, Cv, vol.98, issue.1, p.99

, 100 %--dUc/dt = (iref -i)/Cg 101 for k=1:nbDER 102

=. Av, Cg, issue.k+1

, 103

, Bv(k,1) = -Dv(k+1,1)/Cg(k)

, BvCg, vol.1

, VectUc(i) = r((i-1) * 7+6)

, 110 end 111 for i=1:nbPV 112

, VectUc(i+nbG) = r(nbG * 7+(i-1) * 8+6)

, 113 end 114 for i=1:nbG 115

, VectIref(i) = r((i-1) * 7+5)

, 116 end 117 for i=1:nbPV 118

, VectIref(i+nbG) = r(nbG * 7+(i-1) * 8+5)

, VectI = [iload;VectIref

, Cas particulier dependant des connexions 124 connectDER = [ConnectG;ConnectPV]; 125 for i=1:nbDER 126 if connectDER(i)==0

, Cv, issue.1 0

, Cv, issue.i+1 0

, Dv, issue.i+1 0

, Av, issue.0

, Av(i, issue.0

, Bv(i,1) = 0, pp.134-135

, 136 ImaxG = 1.2 * IbaseG; 137 ImaxPV = 1.2 * IbasePV

. %%-partie-mecanique, Matrices pour dX = AX+BU / Y = CX+DU 140 D1 = [D1G; D1PV]; 141 D2 = [D2G; D2PV]. * connectDER; 142 Spring = [SpringG; SpringPV]. * connectDER, J = [JG; JPV, vol.1431, issue.144

, 145 Vect_thw = zeros(nbDER * 2,1)

=. Aw,

, Bw = zeros, vol.2

, D2, vol.148

, 150 %--dtheta/dt & dw/dt 151 for k=1:nbDER 152

, Bw, vol.1, issue.1

, Bw, pp.1-2

, Bw(k+nbDER,k+1) = 1/J(k)

, 155 for j=1:nbDER 156

, Aw(k,j) = -Spring(j)/SumD2Connect, p.158

. Aw, , p.2

. Aw,

. Aw,

. Aw,

. Aw,

, 165 end 166 end 167 end 168

, Vecteur d'etat (X : Vect_thw) & Vecteur d'entree (U : VectC) 170 for i=1:nbG 171

, Vect_thw(i) = r((i-1) * 7+4)

, Vect_thw(i+nbG+nbPV) = r((i-1) * 7+2)

, 173 end 174 for i=1:nbPV 175

, Vect_thw(i+nbG) = r(nbG * 7+(i-1) * 8+4)

, Vect_thw(i+2 * nbG+nbPV) = r(nbG * 7+(i-1) * 8+2)

, 177 end 178 for i=1:nbG 179

, VectCref(i) = r((i-1) * 7+1)

, 180 end 181 for i=1:nbPV 182

, VectCref(i+nbG) = r(nbG * 7+(i-1) * 8+1)

, 183 end 184 VectC = [Cload, VectCref

, Cas particulier dependant des connexions 187 for i=1:nbDER 188 if connectDER(i), p.0

. Aw, [1:nbDER+i-1 nbDER+i+1:end],i) = 0

. Aw, [1:nbDER+i-1 nbDER+i+1:end],i+nbDER) = 0

, Aw(i, issue.0

, Aw(i+nbDER,[1:nbDER+i-1 nbDER+i+1:end]) = 0

, Bw(i, issue.0

, Bw(i+nbDER,[1:i i+2:end]) = 0

, [1:nbDER+i-1 nbDER+i+1:end],i+1) = 0, Bw, vol.196

, 201 %% Partie mecanique 202

, 203 %--Saturation de la production des renouvelables 204 Clim_min = zeros(nbPV,1)

, 205 Clim_max = zeros(nbPV,1)

, 206 for j=1:nbPV 207 if ONPV(j), p.0

, Clim_max, issue.0

, Clim_min, issue.0

, ) * 8+8)>0.02 && r(7 * nbG+(j-1) * 8+8)<0.90), pp.210-217

, Clim_max(j) = CbasePV(j)

, ) * 8+8)>0.90 && r(7 * nbG+(j-1) * 8+8)<0.98), pp.213-220

, Clim_min(j) = -CbasePV(j)/90

, Clim_max(j) = CbasePV(j)

, 216 elseif r(7 * nbG+(j-1) * 8+8)?0, p.2

, Clim_max

, Clim_min, issue.0

, Clim_max(j) = CbasePV(j)

, VectCref(i+nbG) = r(nbG * 7+(i-1) * 8+1)

, 228 end 229 for i=1:nbG 230

, VectCref(i) = r((i-1) * 7+1)

, 231 end 232 VectC = [Cload, VectCref

=. Derstatef, *. Aw, +. Vect_thw, *. Bw, =. Vectc-derstateu et al.,

, 237 Calcul des derivees 239 % Pour chaque DER: 240 % 1: tau ref | 2: omega | 3: Zmecha | 4: dtheta 241 % 5: Iref | 6, Zvoltage |, vol.7, issue.8, p.242

, Partie mecanique (frequence & puissance active) 244 for i=1:nbG 245 if ONG(i)==0

, 246 y((i-1) * 7+1) = 0

, 247 y((i-1) * 7+2) = 0

, 248 y((i-1) * 7+3) = 0

, 249 y((i-1) * 7+4) = 0, p.251

, i-1) * 7+1)/CbaseG(i

=. Gain and . Cbaseg,

*. , [r((i-1) * 7+1) * (-1-Droop_fP * (kpGov+kiGov * tauGov))/CbaseG(i) ... 254 + r((i-1) * 7+2) * (-kpGov-kiGov * tauGov)/(50 * pi), ) * 7+3) + (kpGov+kiGov * tauGov) * (1+df0G(i)), pp.255-256

, DerStatef(nbDER+i) * (-kpGov * tauGov-kdGov)/(50 * pi)] * Gain

, 257 y((i-1) * 7+2) = DerStatef(nbDER+i)

, i-1) * 7+2) * kiGov/(50 * pi) + (1+df0G(i)) * kiGov -... kiGov * Droop_fP * r((i-1) * 7+1)/CbaseG(i

, 259 y((i-1) * 7+4) = DerStatef(i)

, if ConnectG(i)==0

, 262 y((i-1) * 7+4) = 0, pp.264-265

, 267 \%--GE -Tension & Puissance reactive 268 for i=1:nbG 269 if ONG(i), p.0

, 270 y((i-1) * 7+5) = 0

, 271 y((i-1) * 7+6) = 0

, 272 y((i-1) * 7+7) = 0, p.274

=. Gain and . Ibaseg,

*. , [r((i-1) * 7+5) * (-1-KdroopAVR * (kpAVR+kiAVR * tauAVR))/IbaseG(i) ... 276 + r((i-1) * 7+6) * (-kpAVR-kiAVR * tauAVR)/400, ) * 7+7) + (kpAVR+kiAVR * tauAVR) * (1+dv0G(i)) ... 278 + DerStateU(i) * (-kpAVR * tauAVR-kdAVR)/400] * Gain, pp.275-276

, 279 y((i-1) * 7+6) = DerStateU(i)

, 280 y((i-1) * 7+7) = -r((i-1) * 7+6) * kiAVR/400 + (1+dv0G(i)) * kiAVR -... kiAVR * KdroopAVR * r((i-1) * 7+5)/IbaseG(i)

, 281 282 end 283 end 284

\. , Partie mecanique (frequence & Puissance active) 288 for i=1:nbPV 289 if ONPV(i)==0

, 290 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+1) = 0

, 291 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+2) = 0

, 292 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+3) = 0

, 293 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+4) = 0

, 294 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+8) = 0, p.296

=. Droop_fp, * nbG+(i-1) * 8+1)/CbasePV(i)

=. Gain and . Cbasepv,

*. , [r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+1) * (-1-Droop_fP * (kpGov+kiGov * tauGov))/CbasePV(i), pp.298-305

, i-1) * 8+2) * (-kpGov-kiGov * tauGov)/(50 * pi, 1) * 8+3) + (kpGov+kiGov * tauGov) * (1+df0PV(i))

, DerStatef(nbDER+nbG+i) * (-kpGov * tauGov-kdGov)/(50 * pi)] * Gain; 302 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+2) = DerStatef(nbDER+nbG+i)

, ) * 8+3) = -r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+2) * kiGov, 50 * pi) + ... (1+df0PV(i)) * kiGov -kiGov * Droop_fP * r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+1)/CbasePV, pp.303-310

, 304 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+4) = DerStatef(nbG+i)

, if ConnectPV(i)==0

, 307 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+4) = 0

\. Du and S. , ) * 8+8)>0.02 && r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+8)<0.98), pp.311-318

, 313 elseif r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+8)?0, p.2

, 50 * pi)-TorquePV)/(StorageSize_sec * CbasePV

, TorquePV)-TorquePV)/(StorageSize_sec * CbasePV

1. D. Code-f-xy:, . Équations-continues-d-'un-microgrid, and . Générique, ) * 8+8)?0.01) || (dSOC(i)>0 && ... r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+8)?1), pp.318-318

, * nbG+(i-1) * 8+8) = 0; 320 else 321 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+8) = dSOC(i)

, 322 end 323 end 324 end 325

, \%--Renouvelables -Tension & puissance reactive 328 for i=1:nbPV 329 if ONPV(i), p.0

, 330 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+5) = 0

, 331 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+6) = 0

, 332 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+7) = 0, p.334

=. Gain and . Ibasepv,

*. , [r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+5) * (-1-KdroopAVR * (kpAVR+kiAVR * tauAVR))/IbasePV(i), pp.335-342

, ) * 8+6) * (-kpAVR-kiAVR * tauAVR)/400, ) * 8+7) + (kpAVR+kiAVR * tauAVR) * (1+dv0PV(i)) ... 338 + DerStateU(nbG+i) * (-kpAVR * tauAVR-kdAVR)/400] * Gain, pp.7-8

, 339 y(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+6) = DerStateU(nbG+i)

, ) * 8+7) = -r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+6) * kiAVR/400 + ... (1+dv0PV(i)) * kiAVR -kiAVR * KdroopAVR * r(7 * nbG+(i-1) * 8+5)/IbasePV(i), pp.340-347

, 341 342 end 343 end 344

. Bibliographie, Microgrids -Islanded Power Grids and Distributed Generation for Euipment Reference Manual Industry, Research and Energy -Decentralised Energy Systems. European Parliament. Directorate-General for Internal Policies Sixth Northwest Conservation and Electric Power Plan -Chapter 3 : Electricity Demand Forecast. Northwest Power and Conservation Council, Community , Commercial, and Institutional Applications. PikeResearch. [CYM CYME. International Energy Agency, 2009.

, Maximum Photovoltaic Penetration Levels on Typical Distribution Feeders, National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), 2012.

, Governor Models Microgrids -Benets, Models, Barriers and Suggested Policy Initiatives for the Commonwealth of Massachusetts, EasyPower, 2014.

, Projecting Electricity Demand in 2050 Energy and Climate Change, U.S. Department of Energy. International Energy Agency, 2014.

, OFF-Grid Renewable Energy Systems : Status and Methodological Issues, International Renewable Energy Agency, 2015.

. Ackermann, World CO 2 Emissions From Fuel Combustion International Energy Agency (IEA) Database Documentation Distributed generation : a denition Electric power systems research, p.195204, 2001.

M. Alamir, On Controlling Unknown Scalar Systems with Low Gain Feedback, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01215808

. Alamo, Randomized methods for design of uncertain systems: Sample complexity and sequential algorithms, Automatica, vol.52, p.160172, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2014.11.004

. Alatrash, Generator emulation controls for photovoltaic inverters, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.3, issue.2, p.9961011, 2012.

W. Amin, S. M. Amin, B. F. Wollenberg, P. M. Anderson, and A. A. Fouad, Toward a smart grid : power delivery for the 21st century Power system control and stability, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol.3, issue.5, 2005.

P. Asmus, , 2009.

P. Asmus, Microgrids, Virtual Power Plants and Our Distributed Energy Future, The Electricity Journal, vol.23, issue.10, p.7282, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tej.2010.11.001

M. Attigah, B. Attigah, and L. Mayer-tasch, The impact of electricity access on economic development : A literature review. Productive Use of Energy (PRODUSE) : Measuring Impacts of Electrication on Micro-Enterprises in Sub-Saharan Africa, 2013.

. Bacha, Power electronic converters modeling and control, Advanced Textbooks in Control and Signal Processing, p.454, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-5478-5

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00848243

. Bacha, Photovoltaics in Microgrids: An Overview of Grid Integration and Energy Management Aspects, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol.9, issue.1, p.3346, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/MIE.2014.2366499

. Backes, O-grid microgrid development for the village of katumbi in tanzania Energy management in autonomous microgrid using stability-constrained droop control of inverters, North American Power Symposium (NAPS), p.1523462352, 2008.

. Barklund, Energy Management in Autonomous Microgrid Using Stability-Constrained Droop Control of Inverters, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.23, issue.5, p.23462352, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/TPEL.2008.2001910

. Bevrani, . Shokoohi, H. Bevrani, and S. Shokoohi, An Intelligent Droop Control for Simultaneous Voltage and Frequency Regulation in Islanded Microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.4, issue.3, p.15051513, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/TSG.2013.2258947

. Bhattacharyya, Consequences of poor power quality-an overview Identication of power distribution network topology via voltage correlation analysis, Universities Power Engineering Conference Decision and Control (CDC), 2013 IEEE 52nd Annual Conference on, pp.651656-16591664, 2007.

T. Boyra, M. Boyra, and J. L. Thomas, A review on synchronization methods for grid-connected three-phase vsc under unbalanced and distorted conditions, Proceedings of the 2011 14th European Conference on Power Electronics and Applications, p.110, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00658476

. Brissette, A microgrid modeling and simulation platform for system evaluation on a range of time scales Microgrids operation based on masterslave cooperative control Electric power -performance data sheet. https ://emc.cat.com/pubdirect.ashx ?media string id=PDS DM7936-02-GS-EPG- 8682379.pdf Data-driven approach for distribution network topology detection, Energy Conversion Congress and Exposition (ECCE), 2011 IEEE, pages 968976. IEEE. [Caldognetto and Tenti) :10811088. [Caterpilar, 2015] Caterpilar Power & Energy Society General Meeting, p.15, 2011.

C. Cheng, Output feedback stabilization for uncertain systems: constrained Riccati approach, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.43, issue.1, p.8184, 1998.
DOI : 10.1109/9.654890

R. Datta, R. Datta, and V. Ranganathan, Decoupled control of active and reactive power for a grid-connected doubly-fed wound rotor induction machine without position sensors, Conference Record of the 1999 IEEE Industry Applications Conference. Thirty-Forth IAS Annual Meeting (Cat. No.99CH36370), p.26232630, 1999.
DOI : 10.1109/IAS.1999.799208

. Brabandere, A voltage and frequency droop control method for parallel inverters, IEEE Transactions, vol.22, issue.4, p.11071115, 2007.

. Deka, Learning topology of the power distribution grid with and without missing data, 2016 European Control Conference (ECC), p.313320, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/ECC.2016.7810304

. Delille, Dynamic Frequency Control Support by Energy Storage to Reduce the Impact of Wind and Solar Generation on Isolated Power System's Inertia, ) :931939. [des Nations Unies (ONU), 2017] des Nations Unies (ONU), 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TSTE.2012.2205025

. Diaz, Intelligent distributed generation and storage units for dc microgridsa new concept on cooperative control without communications beyond droop control, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.5, issue.5, p.24762485, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/tsg.2014.2341740

URL : http://vbn.aau.dk/ws/files/201725324/finalpaper12.pdf

R. L. Dohn, A. D. Dominguez-garcia, and C. N. Hadjicostis, The business case for microgrids. White Paper Siemens. [Dominguez-Garcia and Hadjicostis Coordination and control of distributed energy resources for provision of ancillary services, Smart Grid Communications (SmartGridComm), 2010 First IEEE International Conference on, p.537542, 2010.

. Dormand, J. R. Prince-]-dormand, and P. J. Prince, A family of embedded Runge-Kutta formulae, Journal of Computational and Applied Mathematics, vol.6, issue.1, p.1926, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0771-050X(80)90013-3

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/0771-050x(80)90013-3

. Dragicevic, A distributed control strategy for coordination of an autonomous lvdc microgrid based on powerline signaling, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, issue.7, p.6133133326, 2014.

S. S. Electric, referentiel- technique-raccordement-prod-htb.pdf Modicon m580 automation plat- form. http ://www.schneider-electric.com.co/documents/local/productos- servicios/Automatizacion-y-Control-Industrial, pp.9982095-9982107, 2008.

. Engler, Control of parallel operating battery inverters, Photovoltaic Hybrid Power Systems Conference, 2000.

M. Fliess and C. Join, Model-free control, International Journal of Control, vol.7, issue.4, p.22282252, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.conengprac.2009.03.005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828135

. Galli, Power Line Communications and the Smart Grid, 2010 First IEEE International Conference on Smart Grid Communications, p.303308, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/SMARTGRID.2010.5622060

. Gaztanaga, Real-Time Analysis of the Control Structure and Management Functions of a Hybrid Microgrid System, IECON 2006, 32nd Annual Conference on IEEE Industrial Electronics, p.51375142, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/IECON.2006.347976

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00199530

D. Gonzalez, Modeling Diesel Engine Spray Vaporization and Combustion, SAE Technical Paper Series, p.10641076, 1992.
DOI : 10.4271/920579

. Hadjidemetriou, A new hybrid pll for interconnecting renewable energy systems to the grid, IEEE Transactions on industry applications, issue.6, p.4927092719, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/ecce.2012.6342556

. Hajar, Optimal centralized control application on microgrids, 2016 3rd International Conference on Renewable Energies for Developing Countries (REDEC), p.16, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/REDEC.2016.7577549

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01441910

. Hajar, Optimization of a microgrid with renewable energy and distributed generation: A case study, 2015 19th International Conference on System Theory, Control and Computing (ICSTCC), p.662665, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/ICSTCC.2015.7321369

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01244828

. Hamsic, Increasing renewable energy penetration in isolated grids using a ywheel energy storage system In Power Engineering, Energy and Electrical Drives A dependency graph approach for fault detection and localization towards secure smart grid Parameter identication of an induction machine at standstill using the vector constructing method, ) :342351. [He et al., 2012] He IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, p.905915, 2007.

. Hossain, Design of Robust Distributed Control for Interconnected Microgrids, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.7, issue.6, p.27242735, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/TSG.2015.2502618

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259843

A. H. Hubble and T. S. Ustun, Scaling renewable energy based microgrids in underserved communities: Latin America, South Asia, and Sub-Saharan Africa, 2016 IEEE PES PowerAfrica, p.134138, 2016.
DOI : 10.1109/PowerAfrica.2016.7556586

H. Ibrahim, A. F. Ilinca, A. Mamun, K. Amanullah, and M. T. Jayasinghe, Contribution of the compressed air energy storage in the reduction of ghg -case study : Application on the remote area power supply system Air Pollution -A Comprehensive Perspective, chapter 13 Renewable energy opportuni- ties and challenges in the paci c islands region - tonga. https Smart Energy Grid Design for Island Countries : Challenges and Opportunities Diode-clamped three-level inverter-based battery/supercapacitor direct integration scheme for renewable energy systems, InTech, Rijeka. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, issue.12, p.2637203729, 2011.

N. Jenkins, Embedded generation, Power Engineering Journal, vol.9, issue.3, p.145150, 1995.
DOI : 10.1049/PBPO031E

X. Jin, Analysis of microgrid comprehensive benets and evaluation of its economy, 10th International Conference on Advances in Power System Control, p.14, 2015.

. Kanwar, , 2015.

, A Comparative Study of Optimization-and Rule-Based Control for Microgrid Operation

I. Kar, Design of static output feedback controller for uncertain systems, Automatica, vol.35, issue.1, p.169175, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0005-1098(98)00170-8

. Katiraei, . Iravani, F. Katiraei, and M. R. Iravani, Power Management Strategies for a Microgrid With Multiple Distributed Generation Units, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.21, issue.4, p.18211831, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.879260

. Katiraei, Microgrids management, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol.6, issue.3, p.5465, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/MPE.2008.918702

. Kundur, Power system stability and control, 1994.

R. H. Lasseter, Smart Distribution: Coupled Microgrids, Proceedings of the IEEE, p.10741082, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/JPROC.2011.2114630

URL : http://certs.lbl.gov/pdf/lasseter-smart-dist.pdf

P. Lasseter, R. H. Lasseter, and P. Paigi, Microgrid: a conceptual solution, 2004 IEEE 35th Annual Power Electronics Specialists Conference (IEEE Cat. No.04CH37551), p.42854290, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/PESC.2004.1354758

URL : http://certs.lbl.gov/pdf/mg-pesc04.pdf

. Monde and O. E. Le-monde, http ://www.energiesrenouvelables .org/observ-er/html/inventaire/pdf/15e-inventaire-Chap02.pdf. Worldwide electricity production from renewable energy sources -Chapter 2, inventaire-Chap01-Eng.pdf. Worldwide electricity production from renewable energy sources -Chapter, 2013.

. Le-thanh, Test bench for self-healing functionalities applied on distribution network with distributed generators, 2009 IEEE Bucharest PowerTech, p.16, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/PTC.2009.5281811

. Lee, Ieee recommended practice for excitation system models for power system stability studies. Energy development and power generation committee of power engineering society, 1992.

. Li, Adaptive output feedback control for a class of nonlinear uncertain systems with quantized input signal, International Journal of Robust and Nonlinear Control, vol.42, issue.11, p.169184, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2006.05.006

URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/rnc.3569/pdf

L. Ljung, Consistency of the least-squares identication method, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.21, issue.5, p.779781, 1976.

. Loix, Protection of microgrids with a high penetration of inverter-coupled energy sources, Integration of Wide- Scale Renewable Resources Into the Power Delivery System CIGRE/IEEE PES Joint Symposium, p.16, 2009.

. Lopes, Defining Control Strategies for MicroGrids Islanded Operation, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.21, issue.2, pp.916-924, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TPWRS.2006.873018

URL : http://www.microgrids.eu/documents/317.pdf

. Luu, Optimal energy management for an island microgrid by using dynamic programming method, 2015 IEEE Eindhoven PowerTech, p.16, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/PTC.2015.7232678

A. Mao, X. Mao, and R. Ayyanar, Average and Phasor Models of Single Phase PV Generators for Analysis and Simulation of Large Power Distribution Systems, 2009 Twenty-Fourth Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition, p.19641970, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/APEC.2009.4802942

J. Martin, An introduction to distributed generation, 2009.

F. Mohamed and . Montenegro, Datasheet generator type ecp 32-3s/4 a Microgrid modelling and simulation. Helsinki University of Technology, Finland A-diakoptics for the multicore sequential-time simulation of microgrids within large distribution systems, IEEE Transactions on Smart Grid, vol.8, issue.3, p.12111219, 2006.

. Muller, Doubly fed induction generator systems for wind turbines, IEEE Industry Applications Magazine, vol.8, issue.3, p.2633, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/2943.999610

. Nahata, Decentralized optimal projected control of pv inverters in residential microgrids, 20th IFAC World Congress, p.227337, 2017.

. Nunes, Global exact tracking for uncertain systems using output-feedback sliding mode control Datasheet of diesel generator, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, vol.54, issue.5, pp.11411147-110, 2009.

. Ovalle, Decentralized Control of Voltage Source Converters in Microgrids Based on the Application of Instantaneous Power Theory, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.62, issue.2, pp.1152-1162544554, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/TIE.2014.2336638

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01064281

. Peppanen, Increasing distribution system model accuracy with extensive deployment of smart meters, 2014 IEEE PES General Meeting | Conference & Exposition, pp.2014-2029, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/PESGM.2014.6939840

, Datasheet generator type 1103a-33tg1, 2015.

. Pourmousavi, Impact of high penetration of PV generation on frequency and voltage in a distribution feeder, 2012 North American Power Symposium (NAPS), p.18, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/NAPS.2012.6336320

. Rahmani, Virtual synchronous generators for microgrid stabilization : Modeling, implementation and experimental validation on a microgrid laboratory A simulation analysis of the eect of governor technical characteristics and type on the transient performance of a naturally aspirated idi diesel engine, ACEPT 2017. [Rakopoulos et al, 1997.

C. D. Rakopoulos and E. G. Giakoumis, Diesel engine transient operation : principles of operation and simulation analysis, 2009.

D. Reid, R. Rigo-mariani, and . Rocabert, Ems control of reduced energy storage capacity for ramp rate support to improve frequency regulation in islanded microgrid Méthodes de conception intégrée" dimensionnement-gestion" par optimisation d'un micro-réseau avec stockage École Doctorale Génie Électrique, Électronique et Télécommunications : du système au nanosystème (Toulouse) ; 154235504 Intelligent connection agent for three-phase grid-connected microgrids, Control of power converters in ac microgrids. IEEE transactions on power electronics, pp.29933005-2747344749, 2011.

. Rodríguez, Decoupled Double Synchronous Reference Frame PLL for Power Converters Control, IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, vol.22, issue.2, p.584592, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TPEL.2006.890000

. Romero, Grid-connected photovoltaic plants : An alternative energy source, replacing conventional sources, IEEE Industrial Electronics Magazine, vol.9, issue.1, p.1832, 2015.

M. E. Gonzalez and S. , Development of a matlab/simulink model of a single-phase grid-connected photovoltaic system, IEEE transactions on Energy conversion, vol.24, issue.1, p.195202, 2009.

. Rudez, U. Mihalic-]-rudez, and R. Mihalic, Monitoring the rst frequency derivative to improve adaptive underfrequency load-shedding schemes, IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, vol.26, issue.2, p.839846, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/tpwrs.2010.2059715

. Sechilariu, Power management and optimization for isolated DC microgrid, 2014 International Symposium on Power Electronics, Electrical Drives, Automation and Motion, p.12841289, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/SPEEDAM.2014.6872087

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01955358

. Simões, A comparison of smart grid technologies and progresses in europe and the us, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.48, issue.4, p.11541162, 2012.

. Simpson-porco, Voltage stabilization in microgrids via quadratic droop control, IEEE Transactions on Automatic Control, issue.3, p.6212391253, 2017.
DOI : 10.1109/tac.2016.2585094

URL : https://doi.org/10.1109/tac.2016.2585094

. Simpson-porco, Secondary Frequency and Voltage Control of Islanded Microgrids via Distributed Averaging, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.62, issue.11, p.6270257038, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/TIE.2015.2436879

URL : https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2436879

. Simpson-porco, Secondary Frequency and Voltage Control of Islanded Microgrids via Distributed Averaging, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.62, issue.11, p.6270257038, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/TIE.2015.2436879

URL : https://doi.org/10.1109/tie.2015.2436879

I. Sloan, Note errors in the numerov and Runge-Kutta methods, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.2, issue.4, p.414416, 1968.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(68)90047-8

. Song, The microgrid : a scientic tool for modeling computational grids Modelling generator constraints for the self-scheduling problem. [ebook] prague : Energy exemplar A novel frequency and voltage control method for islanded microgrid based on multienergy storages A exible active and reactive power control strategy for a variable speed constant frequency generating system, Supercomputing, ACM/IEEE 2000 Conference, p.5353472478, 1995.

. Tawil, , 2017.

, Design, analysis, and comparison of inverter control methods for microgrid application for stand-alone sites, 2017 IEEE International Electric Machines and Drives Conference (IEMDC), p.18

. Teninge, Contribution to frequency control through wind turbine inertial energy storage, IET Renewable Power Generation, vol.3, issue.3, p.358370, 2009.
DOI : 10.1049/iet-rpg.2008.0078

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00369649

H. Tsikalakis, A. G. Tsikalakis, and N. D. Hatziargyriou, Centralized control for optimizing microgrids operation, IEEE Power and Energy Society General Meeting, p.18, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/pes.2011.6039737

. Turker, Rule-Based Charging of Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs): Impacts on the Aging Rate of Low-Voltage Transformers, IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, vol.29, issue.3, p.2910121019, 2014.
DOI : 10.1109/TPWRD.2013.2292066

M. Venkataramanan, G. Venkataramanan, and C. Marnay, A larger role for microgrids, IEEE Power and Energy Magazine, vol.6, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/MPE.2008.918720

. Wu, Demand side management for Wind Power Integration in microgrid using dynamic potential game theory, 2011 IEEE GLOBECOM Workshops (GC Wkshps), p.11991204, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/GLOCOMW.2011.6162371

. Xia, The microgrid : using online simulation to predict application performance in diverse grid network environments, Proceedings of the Second International Workshop on Challenges of Large Applications in Distributed Environments, p.5261, 2004.

. Xu, A least-squares approach to blind channel identication, IEEE Transactions on signal processing, issue.12, p.4329822993, 1995.

. Yao, A central control strategy of parallel inverters in ac microgrid, IECON 2013 -39th Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, p.71127117, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01108307

. Yao, A virtual synchronous generator based inverter control method for distributed generation systems, IECON 2015, 41st Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, p.2112002117, 2015.
DOI : 10.1109/IECON.2015.7392413

. Zhao, Coordinated microgrid frequency regulation based on dg variable coecient using virtual inertia and primary frequency control, IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, issue.3, p.31833845, 2016.

Q. Zhong, Robust Droop Controller for Accurate Proportional Load Sharing Among Inverters Operated in Parallel, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.60, issue.4, p.12811290, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/TIE.2011.2146221

W. Zhong, Q. Zhong, and G. Weiss, Synchronverters: Inverters That Mimic Synchronous Generators, IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, vol.58, issue.4, pp.1259-1267, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/TIE.2010.2048839