I. and R. , , p.98

I. , A. Chapitre, and I. , , p.105

C. , , p.109

.. Interactions-entre-stratégies-de-compétition, , p.109

.. Chapitre and I. , Chapitre III : Interactions entre stratégies de compétition, p.111

Q. Problématique, , p.111

D. , , p.112

M. Et and M. , , p.113

.. Méthodologie-de-l-'expérimentation, , p.113

D. Le-choix, , p.115

. Densités and .. Pds-et-dates-de-mesure, , p.117

.. Le-design-et-les-conditions-expérimentales, , p.118

L. Traits-mesurés-sur-les-adventices-et-les-plantes-de-service and .. , , p.120

L. and S. , , p.122

R. , , p.122

.. , Les traits de réponses de l'adventice B. pilosa en culture mono-ou bi-spécifiques, p.122

, Les corrélations entre traits de réponse de l'adventice et l'analyse en composante principale, p.125

P. , Les traits d'effet des plantes de service mises en compétition avec l'adventice B, p.127

D. , , p.128

L. Traits-de-réponse-de-l-'adventice and .. , , p.128

.. , Les stratégies de compétition et les traits d'effet des plantes de service, p.129

L. Limites-de-l-'étude and .. , , p.129

C. Du-chapitre and I. , , p.131

C. , , p.133

D. and .. , 133 L'intérêt des traits fonctionnels et des stratégies pour étudier la compétition entre espèces d', p.139

.. Limites-de-l-'étude-et-perspectives-d-'amélioration, , p.142

, Portée agronomique des travaux : contribution au choix de PdS adaptées aux systèmes bananiers 143

C. , , p.151

C. , , p.153

B. , , p.157

V. , , p.173

, Traits explaining the majority of the variability between species PCA analysis with two axes explained most of the variability between our 21 species; contained five traits and explained 80% of total variability (Fig. 2.) Axis 1 explained 46% of variability, while axis 2 explained 34%. SLA and LARa contributed significantly (32% and 21% respectively) to axis 1, BMa and H contributed significantly (35% and 22% respectively) to axis 2, and plant CW contributed to both axes

M. Duru, P. Cruz, P. Ansquer, and M. L. Navas, Standing herbage mass: An integrated indicator of management practices for examining how fertility and defoliation regime shape the functional structure of species-rich grasslands, Ecological Indicators, vol.36, pp.152-159, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolind.2013.07.015
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01506296

D. S. Falster and M. Westoby, Plant height and evolutionary games, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.18, issue.7, pp.337-343, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00061-2

D. S. Falster and M. Westoby, Alternative height strategies among 45 dicot rain forest species from tropical Queensland, Australia, Journal of Ecology, vol.10, issue.3, pp.521-535, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02403

C. Fortunel, C. Violle, C. Roumet, B. Buatois, M. L. Navas et al., Allocation strategies and seed traits are hardly affected by nitrogen supply in 18 species differing in successional status, Perspectives in Plant Ecology, Evolution and Systematics, vol.11, issue.4, pp.267-283, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ppees.2009.04.003

G. T. Freschet, J. H. Cornelissen, R. S. Van-logtestijn, and R. Aerts, Evidence of the ???plant economics spectrum??? in a subarctic flora, Journal of Ecology, vol.127, issue.2, pp.362-373, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02266.x

G. Fried, E. Kazakou, and S. Gaba, Trajectories of weed communities explained by traits associated with species??? response to management practices, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.158, pp.147-155, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2012.06.005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01506122

S. Gaba, G. Fried, E. Kazakou, B. Chauvel, and M. L. Navas, Agroecological weed control using a functional approach: a review of cropping systems diversity, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.103-119, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00081-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234789

E. Garnier, J. Cortez, G. Billes, M. L. Navas, C. Roumet et al., PLANT FUNCTIONAL MARKERS CAPTURE ECOSYSTEM PROPERTIES DURING SECONDARY SUCCESSION, Ecology, vol.85, issue.9, pp.2630-2637, 2004.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2002.00479.x

E. Garnier and M. Navas, A trait-based approach to comparative functional plant ecology: concepts, methods and applications for agroecology. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.166, issue.3, pp.365-399, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01349.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00930507

E. Garnier and M. L. Navas, Diversité fonctionnelle des plantes, 2013.

E. Garnier, B. Shipley, C. Roumet, and G. Laurent, A standardized protocol for the determination of specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content, Functional Ecology, vol.10, issue.5, pp.688-695, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00427.x

T. Hirose and M. J. Werger, Canopy Structure and Photon Flux Partitioning Among Species in a Herbaceous Plant Community, Ecology, vol.76, issue.2, pp.466-474, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/1941205

Y. Iwasa, D. Cohen, and J. Leon, Tree height and crown shape, as results of competitive games, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.112, issue.2, pp.279-297, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5193(85)80288-5

J. Kattge, S. Diaz, S. Lavorel, C. Prentice, P. Leadley et al.,

A. Jalili, S. Jansen, C. A. Joly, A. J. Kerkhoff, D. Kirkup et al., TRY -a global database of plant traits, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00639535

, Global Change Biology, vol.17, pp.2905-2935

P. Koohafkan, M. A. Altieri, and E. H. Gimenez, Green Agriculture: foundations for biodiverse, resilient and productive agricultural systems, International Journal of Agricultural Sustainability, vol.9, issue.2, pp.61-75, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(01)00354-1

Y. C. Lu, K. B. Watkins, J. R. Teasdale, and A. A. Abdul-baki, COVER CROPS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, Food Reviews International, vol.8, issue.2, pp.121-157, 2000.
DOI : 10.2134/jpa1995.0405

V. Maire, N. Gross, L. D. Pontes, C. Picon-cochard, and J. Soussana, Trade-off between root nitrogen acquisition and shoot nitrogen utilization across 13 co-occurring pasture grass species, Functional Ecology, vol.428, issue.4, pp.668-679, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02266.x
URL : https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdf/10.1111/j.1365-2435.2009.01557.x

E. Malezieux, Y. Crozat, C. Dupraz, M. Laurans, D. Makowski et al., Mixing plant species in cropping systems: concepts, tools and models. A review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, vol.17, issue.62, pp.43-62, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2504(08)60244-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00886426

M. L. Navas and J. Moreau-richard, Can traits predict the competitive response of herbaceous Mediterranean species? Acta Oecologica, International Journal of Ecology, vol.27, pp.107-114, 2005.

M. Westoby, A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme, Plant and Soil, vol.199, issue.2, pp.213-227, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004327224729

B. J. Wilke and S. S. Snapp, Winter cover crops for local ecosystems: linking plant traits and ecosystem function, Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, vol.46, issue.4, pp.551-557, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-012378260-1/50011-7

P. J. Wilson, K. E. Thompson, and J. G. Hodgson, Specific leaf area and leaf dry matter content as alternative predictors of plant strategies, New Phytologist, vol.143, issue.1, pp.155-162, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00427.x

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.61, issue.6985, pp.821-827, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-1626-1
URL : https://repository.si.edu/bitstream/handle/10088/17704/serc_Wright_etal_2004_Nature_428_821_827.pdf

T. P. Wyka, J. Oleksyn, P. Karolewski, and S. A. Schnitzer, Phenotypic correlates of the lianescent growth form: a review, Annals of Botany, vol.163, issue.9, pp.1667-1681, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-010-1579-3
URL : https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/112/9/1667/17010456/mct236.pdf

S. D. Zhu and K. F. Cao, Contrasting cost???benefit strategy between lianas and trees in a tropical seasonal rain forest in southwestern China, Oecologia, vol.38, issue.3, pp.591-599, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2699.1997.tb00075.x

R. L. Zimdahl, Weed-crop competition : a review, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470290224

, APPENDIX Appendix : Mean ± standard deviation of light competition functional traits of the species studied and their growth habit (E: Erect, C: Creeping, S-E-C: Semi-Erect-Creeping, T: Twining)

, In each column, different letters indicate significantly different means of species' parameters (n=82, P<0.05, Kruskal-Wallis test and Kruskal-Wallis significant difference post-hoc test

, Bibliographie

L. W. Aarssen and T. Keogh, Conundrums of competitive ability in plants: what to measure? Oikos 96, pp.531-542, 2002.

R. Aerts, Interspecific competition in natural plant communities: mechanisms, trade-offs and plant-soil feedbacks, Journal of Experimental Botany, vol.50, issue.330, pp.29-37, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/50.330.29

M. A. Altieri, The ecological role of biodiversity in agroecosystems, Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, vol.74, issue.1-3, pp.19-31, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(99)00028-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/cirad-00772224

P. Ansquer, J. P. Theau, P. Cruz, and J. Viegas, , 2004.

, Caractérisation de la diversité fonctionnelle des prairies à flore complexe : vers la construction d'outils de gestion, Fourrage, vol.179, pp.353-368

N. P. Anten, Optimal Photosynthetic Characteristics of Individual Plants in Vegetation Stands and Implications for Species Coexistence, Annals of Botany, vol.95, issue.3, pp.497-508, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mci048

R. D. Bardgett, L. Mommer, and F. T. De-vries, Going underground: root traits as drivers of ecosystem processes, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.29, issue.12, pp.692-699, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2014.10.006

G. M. Berntson, . Modeling, . Architecture-are, . There, . Between et al., Modelling root architecture: are there tradeoffs between efficiency and potential of resource acquisition?, New Phytologist, vol.124, issue.3, pp.483-493, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0269-7491(94)90034-5

A. K. Bittebiere and C. Mony, Plant traits respond to the competitive neighbourhood at different spatial and temporal scales, Annals of Botany, vol.141, issue.1, pp.117-126, 2015.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1009843619713
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01114620

A. Blum, Plant Water Relations, Plant Stress and Plant Production, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4419-7491-4_2

C. Bourgouin, , 2013.

K. A. Brauman, G. C. Daily, T. K. Duarte, and H. A. Mooney, The Nature and Value of Ecosystem Services: An Overview Highlighting Hydrologic Services, Annual Review of Environment and Resources, vol.32, issue.1, pp.67-98, 2007.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.energy.32.031306.102758

P. Chanteloup, Patrons d'organisation des traits aériens et racinaires en prairies humides: liens avec la production primaire (quantité et qualité), Université Rennes, vol.1, 2013.

N. Chapman, A. J. Miller, K. Lindsey, and W. R. Whalley, Roots, water, and nutrient acquisition: let's get physical, Trends in Plant Science, vol.17, issue.12, pp.701-710, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tplants.2012.08.001

C. Chauvin, M. Dorel, C. Villenave, J. Roger-estrade, L. Thuries et al., , 2015.

, Biochemical characteristics of cover crop litter affect the soil food web, organic matter decomposition, and regulation of plant-parasitic nematodes in a banana field soil, Applied Soil Ecology, vol.96, pp.131-140

J. Chopart, L. Mézo, L. Mézino, and M. , RACINE 2: Software application for processing root data from impact counts on soil profiles: Software and user guide Software application for processing root data from impact counts on soil profiles: Software and user guide, RACINE, vol.2, 2009.

N. Colbach, B. Chauvel, C. Gauvrit, and N. M. Munier-jolain, Construction and evaluation of ALOMYSYS modelling the effects of cropping systems on the blackgrass life-cycle: From seedling to seed production, Ecological Modelling, vol.201, issue.3-4, pp.283-300, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.09.018

N. Colbach, C. Durr, J. Roger-estrade, B. Chauvel, and J. Caneill, AlomySys: Modelling black-grass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) germination and emergence, in interaction with seed characteristics, tillage and soil climate, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.24, issue.2, pp.95-112, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2005.07.001
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01895906

N. Colbach, D. A. Kurstjens, N. M. Munier-jolain, A. Dalbies, and T. Dore, Assessing non-chemical weeding strategies through mechanistic modelling of blackgrass (Alopecurus myosuroides Huds.) dynamics, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.32, issue.3, pp.205-218, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2009.11.005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01173174

J. H. Cornelissen, M. J. Werger, P. Castrodiez, J. W. Vanrheenen, and A. P. Rowland, Foliar nutrients in relation to growth, allocation and leaf traits in seedlings of a wide range of woody plant species and types, Oecologia, vol.111, issue.4, pp.460-469, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050259

G. Damour and M. Dorel, Functional traits of the root systems : a tool to select covercrops . The case of the banana-Neonotonia cropping system, 2010.

, ESA Congress, pp.469-470

G. Damour, M. Dorel, H. T. Quoc, C. Meynard, and J. Risede, A trait-based characterization of cover plants to assess their potential to provide a set of ecological services in banana cropping systems, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.52, pp.218-228, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.004

G. Damour, M. Dorel, H. T. Quoc, C. Meynard, and J. M. Risede, A trait-based characterization of cover plants to assess their potential to provide a set of ecological services in banana cropping systems, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.52, pp.218-228, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2013.09.004

G. Damour, E. Garnier, M. L. Navas, M. Dorel, and J. M. Risede, press. Using Functional Traits to Assess the Services Provided by Cover Plants : A Review of Potentialities in Banana Cropping Systems. Advances in Agronomy 134

G. Damour, C. Guérin, and M. Dorel, submitted Leaf area development strategies of cover plants used in banana plantations identified from a set of plant traits, European Journal of Agronomy

F. De-bello, S. Lavorel, S. Diaz, R. Harrington, J. H. Cornelissen et al., Towards an assessment of multiple ecosystem processes and services via functional traits, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.19, issue.10, pp.2873-2893, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1654-1103.2004.tb02266.x

F. De-mendiburu, agricolae : Statistical Procedures for Agricultural Research, 2014.

F. B. De-vida, E. A. Laca, D. J. Mackill, G. M. Fernandez, and A. J. Fischer, Relating rice traits to weed competitiveness and yield: a path analysis, Weed Science, vol.54, issue.6, pp.1122-1131, 2006.
DOI : 10.1086/285977

N. G. Den-hollander, L. Bastiaans, and M. J. Kropff, Clover as a cover crop for weed suppression in an intercropping design, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.26, issue.2, pp.92-103, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2006.08.011

S. Diaz, S. Lavorel, F. De-bello, F. Quetier, K. Grigulis et al., Incorporating plant functional diversity effects in ecosystem service assessments, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.20684-20689, 2007.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004327224729
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00281695

T. Dore, D. Makowski, E. Malezieux, N. Munier-jolain, M. Tchamitchian et al., Facing up to the paradigm of ecological intensification in agronomy: Revisiting methods, concepts and knowledge, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.34, issue.4, pp.197-210, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2011.02.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01355604

T. Dore, M. Sene, F. Pellissier, and C. Gallet, An agronomic view of allelopathic phenomena, Cahiers Agricultures, vol.13, pp.249-256, 2004.

B. Dorn, W. Jossi, and M. G. Van-der-heijden, Weed suppression by cover crops: comparative on-farm experiments under integrated and organic conservation tillage, Weed Research, vol.1, issue.6, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2113(02)79005-6

V. M. Dunbabin, J. A. Postma, A. Schnepf, L. Pages, M. Javaux et al., Modelling root???soil interactions using three???dimensional models of root growth, architecture and function, Plant and Soil, vol.192, issue.3, pp.93-124, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2011.03840.x

M. Duru, P. Cruz, J. P. Theau, C. Jouany, P. Ansquer et al., Typologies de prairies riches en espèces en vue d'évaluer leur valeur d'usage : bases agro-écologiques et exemples d'application, pp.453-475, 2007.

M. Duru, O. Therond, G. Martin, R. Martin-clouaire, and M. Magne,

P. Aubertot, J. Savary, S. Bergez, J. Sarthou, and J. , How to implement biodiversity-based agriculture to enhance ecosystem services: a review, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.1-23, 2015.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01330032

J. Ehrmann and K. Ritz, Plant: soil interactions in temperate multi-cropping production systems, Plant and Soil, vol.26, issue.1-2, pp.1-29, 2014.
DOI : 10.1081/PLN-120024267

N. Eisenhauer, Aboveground???belowground interactions as a source of complementarity effects in biodiversity experiments, Plant and Soil, vol.107, issue.1-2, pp.1-22, 2012.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0906829107

D. Eissenstat, Costs and benefits of constructing roots of small diameter, Journal of Plant Nutrition, vol.56, issue.6-7, pp.763-782, 1992.
DOI : 10.1626/jcs.56.608

J. R. Evans, Photosynthesis and nitrogen relationships in leaves of C3 plants, Oecologia, vol.282, issue.1, pp.9-19, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/S0044-328X(73)80092-3

J. R. Evans and H. Poorter, Photosynthetic acclimation of plants to growth irradiance: the relative importance of specific leaf area and nitrogen partitioning in maximizing carbon gain, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.44, issue.8, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/jxb/44.5.907

, Plant Cell Environ, vol.24, pp.755-767

D. S. Falster and M. Westoby, Plant height and evolutionary games, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.18, issue.7, pp.337-343, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(03)00061-2

F. Fort, Stratégies d'acquisition des ressources des plantes prairiales sous contraintes hydrique et minérale-Rôle du système racinaire dans la réponse aux facteurs structurant les communautés, 2013.

F. Fort, P. Cruz, and C. Jouany, Hierarchy of root functional trait values and plasticity drive early-stage competition for water and phosphorus among grasses, Functional Ecology, vol.105, issue.4, pp.1030-1040, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mcq085

F. Fort, C. Jouany, and P. Cruz, Root and leaf functional trait relations in Poaceae species: implications of differing resource-acquisition strategies, Journal of Plant Ecology, vol.199, issue.2, 2012.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004327224729

C. Fortunel, P. V. Fine, and C. Baraloto, 2012. Leaf, stem and root tissue strategies across 758

, Neotropical tree species, Functional Ecology, vol.26, pp.1153-1161

J. D. Fridley, The influence of species diversity on ecosystem productivity: how, where, and why? Oikos 93, pp.514-526, 2001.

S. Gaba, G. Fried, E. Kazakou, B. Chauvel, and M. Navas, Agroecological weed control using a functional approach: a review of cropping systems diversity, Agronomy for Sustainable Development, pp.103-119, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-8809(97)00081-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01234789

T. S. Gahoonia and N. E. Nielsen, Barley genotypes with long root hairs sustain high grain yields in low-P field, Plant and Soil, vol.262, issue.1/2, pp.55-62, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:PLSO.0000037020.58002.ac

L. Galon, G. Concenço, G. F. Perin, A. F. Da-silva, C. T. Forte et al., Comparison of Experimental Methods to Assess the Competitive Ability of Weed Species, American Journal of Plant Sciences, vol.06, issue.13, p.2185, 2015.
DOI : 10.4236/ajps.2015.613221

A. Gardarin, C. Duerr, and N. Colbach, Modeling the dynamics and emergence of a multispecies weed seed bank with species traits, Ecological Modelling, vol.240, pp.123-138, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2012.05.004

E. Garnier, P. Cordonnier, J. L. Guillerm, and L. Sonie, Specific leaf area and leaf nitrogen concentration in annual and perennial grass species growing in Mediterranean old-fields, Oecologia, vol.111, issue.4, pp.490-498, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050262

E. Garnier and M. Navas, Diversité fonctionnelle des plantes, 2013.

Z. Y. Ge, G. Rubio, and J. P. Lynch, The importance of root gravitropism for inter-root competition and phosphorus acquisition efficiency: results from a geometric simulation model, Plant and Soil, vol.218, pp.159-171, 2000.

D. J. Gibson, J. Connolly, D. C. Hartnett, and J. D. Weidenhamer, Designs for greenhouse studies of interactions between plants, Journal of Ecology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.1-16, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0014479700010802

D. E. Goldberg, Competitive Ability: Definitions, Contingency and Correlated Traits, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.351, issue.1345, 1996.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1996.0121

, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, vol.351, pp.1377-1385

J. Grime, Evidence for the Existence of Three Primary Strategies in Plants and Its Relevance to Ecological and Evolutionary Theory, The American Naturalist, vol.111, issue.982, pp.1169-1194, 1977.
DOI : 10.1086/283244

R. M. Gunton, S. Petit, and S. Gaba, Functional traits relating arable weed communities to crop characteristics, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.9, issue.3, pp.541-550, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1461-0248.2005.00850.x

P. Hinsinger, Bioavailability of soil inorganic P in the rhizosphere as affected by rootinduced chemical changes: a review, Plant and Soil, vol.237, issue.2, pp.173-195, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1013351617532

T. Hirose and M. J. Werger, Canopy Structure and Photon Flux Partitioning Among Species in a Herbaceous Plant Community, Ecology, vol.76, issue.2, pp.466-474, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/1941205

M. D. Ho, J. C. Rosas, K. M. Brown, and J. P. Lynch, Root architectural tradeoffs for water and phosphorus acquisition, Functional Plant Biology, vol.32, issue.8, pp.737-748, 2005.
DOI : 10.1071/FP05043

A. Hodge, D. Robinson, B. S. Griffiths, and A. H. Fitter, Why plants bother: root proliferation results in increased nitrogen capture from an organic patch when two grasses compete, Plant, Cell and Environment, vol.344, issue.7, pp.811-820, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.279.5349.407
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1046/j.1365-3040.1999.00454.x/pdf

I. Hummel, D. Vile, C. Violle, J. Devaux, B. Ricci et al., Relating root structure and anatomy to whole-plant functioning in 14 herbaceous Mediterranean species, New Phytologist, vol.87, issue.2, pp.313-321, 2007.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00330.x
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2006.01912.x/pdf

M. Imo, Managing Competition for Nutrients in Agro-Ecosystems, 2012.
DOI : 10.5772/36402
URL : http://www.intechopen.com/download/pdf/29926

Y. Iwasa, D. Cohen, and J. A. Leon, TREE HEIGHT AND CROWN SHAPE AS RESULTS OF COMPETITIVE GAMES. J. Theor. Biol, vol.112, pp.279-297, 1985.

B. Jankowska, E. Jedrszczyk, and M. Poniedzialek, Effect of intercropping carrot (Daucus carota L.) with french marigold (Tagetes patula nana L.) and pot marigold (Calendula officinalis L.) on the occurrence of some pests and quality of carrot yield, Acta Agrobotanica, vol.65, issue.4, 2012.
DOI : 10.5586/aa.2012.030

A. O. Jungk, Dynamics of Nutrient Movement at the Soil???Root Interface, 2002.
DOI : 10.1201/9780203909423.ch35

J. Kattge, S. Diaz, S. Lavorel, C. Prentice, P. Leadley et al.,

A. Jalili, S. Jansen, C. A. Joly, A. J. Kerkhoff, D. Kirkup et al., TRY -a global database of plant traits, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00639535

, Global Change Biology, vol.17, pp.2905-2935

S. Lavorel and E. Garnier, Predicting changes in community composition and ecosystem functioning from plant traits: revisiting the Holy Grail, Functional Ecology, vol.5, issue.5, pp.545-556, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/2389258

L. Roux, X. Barbault, R. Baudry, J. Burel, F. Doussan et al., Agriculture et biodiversité, 2008.

, Expertise scientifique collective

A. Lipowsky, C. Roscher, J. Schumacher, S. G. Michalski, and M. Gubsch,

E. D. Schulze and B. Schmid, Plasticity of functional traits of forb species in response to biodiversity, Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst, vol.17, pp.66-77, 2015.

Y. C. Lu, K. B. Watkins, J. R. Teasdale, and A. A. Abdul-baki, COVER CROPS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD PRODUCTION, Food Reviews International, vol.8, issue.2, pp.121-157, 2000.
DOI : 10.2134/jpa1995.0405

G. W. Luck, R. Harrington, P. A. Harrison, C. Kremen, P. M. Berry et al., Quantifying the Contribution of Organisms to the Provision of Ecosystem Services, Quantifying the Contribution of Organisms to the Provision of Ecosystem Services, pp.223-235, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1462-2920.2007.01335.x

J. P. Lynch, TURNER REVIEW No. 14. Roots of the Second Green Revolution, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.55, issue.5, pp.493-512, 2007.
DOI : 10.1071/BT06118

J. P. Lynch, Steep, cheap and deep: an ideotype to optimize water and N acquisition by maize root systems, Annals of Botany, vol.33, issue.2, pp.347-357, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00122-006-0260-z
URL : https://academic.oup.com/aob/article-pdf/112/2/347/17008517/mcs293.pdf

J. P. Lynch and K. M. Brown, Topsoil foraging -an architectural adaptation of plants to low phosphorus availability, Plant and Soil, vol.237, issue.2, pp.225-237, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1013324727040

R. H. Macarthur and E. O. Wilson, An equilibrium theory of insular zoogeography, 1963.

, Evolution, vol.17, pp.373-387

S. Mediene, M. Valantin-morison, J. P. Sarthou, S. De-tourdonnet, M. Gosme et al., , 2011.

, Agroecosystem management and biotic interactions: a review Agronomy for Sustainable Development 31, pp.491-514

, Ecosystems and Human Well-being: Biodiversity Synthesis, Millennium Ecosystem Assessment, 2005.

K. Mokany and J. Ash, Are traits measured on pot grown plants representative of those in natural communities?, Journal of Vegetation Science, vol.166, issue.1, pp.119-126, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01349.x

L. Mommer, E. J. Visser, J. Van-ruijven, H. De-caluwe, R. Pierik et al., , 2011.

, Contrasting root behaviour in two grass species: a test of functionality in dynamic heterogeneous conditions, Plant and Soil, vol.344, pp.347-360

L. Mommer and M. Weemstra, The role of roots in the resource economics spectrum, New Phytologist, vol.87, issue.4, 2012.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2745.1999.00330.x

, New Phytologist, vol.195, pp.725-727

N. M. Munier-jolain, A. Collard, H. Busset, S. H. Guyot, and N. Colbach, Modelling the morphological plasticity of weeds in multi-specific canopies, Field Crops Research, 2013.

M. L. Navas and J. Moreau-richard, Can traits predict the competitive response of herbaceous Mediterranean species? Acta Oecologica, International Journal of Ecology, vol.27, pp.107-114, 2005.

M. L. Navas and C. Violle, Plant traits related to competition: how do they shape the functional diversity of communities?, Community Ecology, vol.10, issue.1, pp.131-137, 2009.
DOI : 10.1556/ComEc.10.2009.1.15

Y. Osone, A. Ishida, and M. Tateno, Correlation between relative growth rate and specific leaf area requires associations of specific leaf area with nitrogen absorption rate of roots, New Phytologist, vol.14, issue.2, pp.417-427, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00317420

Y. Osone and M. Tateno, Nitrogen absorption by roots as a cause of interspecific variations in leaf nitrogen concentration and photosynthetic capacity, Functional Ecology, vol.75, issue.3, pp.460-470, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2435.2000.00393.x

L. Pages, C. Becel, H. Boukcim, D. Moreau, C. Nguyen et al., Calibration and evaluation of ArchiSimple, a simple model of root system architecture, Ecological Modelling, vol.290, pp.76-84, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2013.11.014

N. Perez-harguindeguy, S. Diaz, and E. Garnier,

M. S. Bret-harte, W. K. Cornwell, J. M. Craine, D. E. Gurvich, C. Urcelay et al.,

H. Steege, M. G. Van-der-heijden, L. Sack, B. Blonder, P. Poschlod et al.,

G. Conti, A. C. Staver, S. Aquino, and J. H. Cornelissen, New handbook for standardised measurement of plant functional traits worldwide, Australian Journal of Botany, vol.61, pp.167-234, 2013.

S. Pierce, G. Brusa, I. Vagge, and B. E. Cerabolini, Allocating CSR plant functional types: the use of leaf economics and size traits to classify woody and herbaceous vascular plants, Functional Ecology, vol.6, issue.4, pp.1002-1010, 2013.
DOI : 10.5053/ejobios.2012.6.0.12

H. Poorter and J. R. Evans, Photosynthetic nitrogen-use efficiency of species that differ inherently in specific leaf area, Oecologia, vol.116, issue.1-2, pp.26-37, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050560

H. Poorter, K. J. Niklas, P. B. Reich, J. Oleksyn, P. Poot et al., Biomass allocation to leaves, stems and roots: meta-analyses of interspecific variation and environmental control, New Phytologist, vol.36, issue.1, pp.30-50, 2012.
DOI : 10.1071/FP08046

I. Prieto, C. Roumet, R. Cardinael, C. Dupraz, C. Jourdan et al., Root functional parameters along a land-use gradient: evidence of a community-level economics spectrum, Journal of Ecology, vol.291, issue.2, pp.361-373, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s11104-006-9179-z

B. Quaranta, Effet des plantes de service sur les bio-agresseurs des cultures

P. B. Reich, The world-wide ???fast-slow??? plant economics spectrum: a traits manifesto, Journal of Ecology, vol.97, issue.2, 2014.
DOI : 10.3732/ajb.0900178

, Journal of Ecology, vol.102, pp.275-301

P. B. Reich, D. S. Ellsworth, and M. B. Walters, Leaf structure (specific leaf area) modulates photosynthesis-nitrogen relations: evidence from within and across species and functional groups, Functional Ecology, vol.12, issue.6, pp.948-958, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01036741

C. Roumet, C. Urcelay, and S. Diaz, Suites of root traits differ between annual and perennial species growing in the field, New Phytologist, vol.47, issue.2, pp.357-368, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02403

P. C. Scheepens, H. Muller-scharer, and C. Kempenaar, Opportunities for biological weed control in Europe, BioControl, vol.46, issue.2, pp.127-138, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1011445721800

S. Schwinning and J. Weiner, Mechanisms determining the degree of size asymmetry in competition among plants, Oecologia, vol.113, issue.4, pp.447-455, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050397

N. G. Selaya, N. P. Anten, R. J. Oomen, M. Matthies, and M. J. Werger, Above-ground Biomass Investments and Light Interception of Tropical Forest Trees and Lianas Early in Succession, Annals of Botany, vol.99, issue.1, pp.141-151, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/aob/mcl235

L. Taiz and E. Zeiger, Plant Physiology Sinauer Associates, 2006.

F. Tardy, D. Moreau, M. Dorel, and G. Damour, Trait-based characterisation of cover plants??? light competition strategies for weed control in banana cropping systems in the French West Indies, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.71
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2015.08.002

R. C. Team, R : A language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 2014.

P. Tixier, C. Lavigne, S. Alvarez, A. Gauquier, M. Blanchard et al., Model evaluation of cover crops, application to eleven species for banana cropping systems, European Journal of Agronomy, vol.34, issue.2, pp.53-61, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eja.2010.10.004

M. G. Tjoelker, J. M. Craine, D. Wedin, P. B. Reich, and D. Tilman, Linking leaf and root trait syndromes among 39 grassland and savannah species, New Phytologist, vol.428, issue.2, pp.493-508, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/treephys/18.10.665
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/j.1469-8137.2005.01428.x/pdf

M. F. Tobin, A. J. Wright, S. A. Mangan, and S. A. Schnitzer, Lianas have a greater competitive effect than trees of similar biomass on tropical canopy trees, Ecosphere, vol.3, issue.2, 2012.
DOI : 10.1017/S0266467405002294
URL : http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1890/ES11-00322.1/pdf

H. Tribouillois, F. Fort, P. Cruz, R. Charles, O. Flores et al., A Functional Characterisation of a Wide Range of Cover Crop Species: Growth and Nitrogen Acquisition Rates, Leaf Traits and Ecological Strategies, PLOS ONE, vol.198, issue.3, 2015.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0122156.s003

F. Valladares, E. Martinez-ferri, L. Balaguer, E. Perez-corona, and E. Manrique, Low leaf-level response to light and nutrients in Mediterranean evergreen oaks: a conservative resource-use strategy?, New Phytologist, vol.148, issue.1, pp.79-91, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00737.x

F. Valladares and U. Niinemets, Shade Tolerance, a Key Plant Feature of Complex Nature and Consequences, Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics, vol.39, issue.1, pp.237-257, 2008.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.39.110707.173506

J. H. Vandermeer, The Ecology of Intercropping, 1989.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511623523

D. Vile, E. Garnier, B. Shipley, G. Laurent, M. L. Navas et al.,

J. G. Hodgson, F. Lloret, G. F. Midgley, H. Poorter, M. C. Rutherford et al., Specific leaf area and dry matter content estimate thickness in laminar leaves, 2005.

, Annals of Botany, vol.96, pp.1129-1136

C. Violle, E. Garnier, J. Lecoeur, C. Roumet, C. Podeur et al., Competition, traits and resource depletion in plant communities, Oecologia, vol.166, issue.4, pp.747-755, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-005-0116-2

C. Violle, M. Navas, D. Vile, E. Kazakou, C. Fortunel et al., , 2007.

, Let the concept of trait be functional! Oikos, pp.882-892

M. Westoby, A leaf-height-seed (LHS) plant ecology strategy scheme, Plant and Soil, vol.199, issue.2, pp.213-227, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1004327224729

S. A. Wood, D. S. Karp, F. Declerck, C. Kremen, S. Naeem et al., Functional traits in agriculture: agrobiodiversity and ecosystem services, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.30, issue.9, pp.531-539, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2015.06.013

I. J. Wright, P. B. Reich, M. Westoby, D. D. Ackerly, Z. Baruch et al., The worldwide leaf economics spectrum, Nature, vol.61, issue.6985, pp.821-827, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-1626-1

W. Zhang, T. H. Ricketts, C. Kremen, K. Carney, and S. M. Swinton, Ecosystem services and dis-services to agriculture, Ecological Economics, vol.64, issue.2, pp.253-260, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.02.024

J. M. Zhu and J. P. Lynch, ) seedlings, Functional Plant Biology, vol.31, issue.10, pp.949-958, 2004.
DOI : 10.1071/FP04046

R. L. Zimdahl, Weed-crop competition : a review. Blackwell publishing. ? Poster pour le 13 e congrès de l, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470290224

M. Florence, D. Delphine, D. Marc, and . Gaëlle, A trait-based analysis of cover crop strategies for resource acquisition and use: application to weed control in banana cropping systems In : Book of abstracts of the ESA XIIIth Congress, pp.343-344, 2014.