S. Lewis and G. Crabtree, Basic Research Needs for Solar Energy Utilization, 2005.

M. Cahpin, C. S. Fuller, G. L. Pearsonc-)-s, F. Darling, and . You, Annual Energy Outlook, J. Appl. Phys. U.S. Energy Information Administration, vol.141, issue.15 36, p.36, 1954.

G. H. Rollny, A. Carey, K. W. Fischer, I. J. Kemp, Z. Kramer et al., 17 (a) R. Guillo, Les different types de cellules photovoltaiquescom; (c) F. Giovanelli, La carte de l'EPFL fait miroiter ses panneaux de verre colorés, www.ecosources.info; (b) B. Roux Dit Richewww.cleantechrepublic. J. Chem. Phys. Appl. Phys. Lett, pp.30-585, 1959.

S. Sariciftci, L. Smilowitz, A. J. Heeger, and F. Wudl, Photoinduced Electron Transfer from a Conducting Polymer to Buckminsterfullerene, Science, vol.258, issue.5087, p.1474, 1992.
DOI : 10.1126/science.258.5087.1474

T. Zhou, W. Kurosawa, Y. Ma, L. Guo, K. Fang et al., High Performance All-Polymer Solar Cell via Polymer Side-Chain Engineering, Advanced Materials, vol.22, issue.22, p.3767, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.201000883

R. Chevrier, O. Di-ciuccio, P. Coulembier, S. Dubois, A. Richeter et al., Functionalization of P3HT-Based Hybrid Materials for Photovoltaic Applications, Novel Nanoscale Hybrids, p.5994, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tsf.2013.04.019

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01624820

G. Shrotriya, Y. Li, C. Yao, Y. Chu, and . Yang, Transition metal oxides as the buffer layer for polymer photovoltaic cells, Applied Physics Letters, vol.88, issue.7, p.73508, 2006.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1446988

J. Brabec, S. E. Shaheen, C. Winder, N. S. Sariciftci, and P. Denk, Effect of LiF/metal electrodes on the performance of plastic solar cells, Applied Physics Letters, vol.80, issue.7, p.1288, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-4095(200104)13:7<508::AID-ADMA508>3.0.CO;2-8

D. A. Mcclain, D. J. Whittington, M. D. Mitchell, and . Curtis, Novel Poly(3-alkylthiophene) and Poly(3- alkylthienyl ketone) Syntheses via Organomercurials, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.117, issue.13, p.3887, 1995.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00118a033

C. K. Sista, Luscombe in P3HT Revisited ? From molecular scale to solar cells devices Progress in the synthesis of poly(3-hexylthiophene), 2014.

D. Marrocchi, A. Lanari, L. Facchetti, and . Vaccaro, Poly(3-hexylthiophene): synthetic methodologies and properties in bulk heterojunction solar cells, Energy & Environmental Science, vol.1, issue.9, p.8457, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/aenm.201100314

S. Tanaka, D. Tamba, A. Tanaka, A. Sugie, and . Mori, Synthesis of Well-Defined Head-to-Tail-Type Oligothiophenes by Regioselective Deprotonation of 3-Substituted Thiophenes and Nickel-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.133, issue.42, p.16734, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/ja205953g

H. Lohwasser and M. Thelakkat, 82 (a) A. Yokoyama and T. Yokozowa, Macromolecules, Macromolecules, vol.44, issue.40 4093, 2007.

). I. Mcneilc, R. D. Osaka, . Wiley-vch, ). I. Weinheimd, R. D. Osaka et al., McCullough in Design and Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers Advanced Functional Regioregular Polythiophenes, Acc. Chem. Res. J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.46, issue.132, p.7803, 1202.

V. Handa, A. V. Serrano, M. J. Robb, and C. J. Hawker, Exploring the synthesis and impact of end-functional poly(3-hexylthiophene), Journal of Polymer Science Part A: Polymer Chemistry, vol.99, issue.7, p.831, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/j100020a062

M. Lobez, T. L. Andrew, V. Bulovi, and T. M. Swager, Improving the Performance of P3HT???Fullerene Solar Cells with Side-Chain-Functionalized Poly(thiophene) Additives: A New Paradigm for Polymer Design, ACS Nano, vol.6, issue.4, p.3044, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/nn204589u

T. N. Ito, P. Murakami, P. Comte, C. Liska, M. K. Grätzel et al., Fabrication of thin film dye sensitized solar cells with solar to electric power conversion efficiency over 10%, Thin Solid Films, vol.516, issue.14, p.4613, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tsf.2007.05.090

R. Mann, M. K. Gannon, T. C. Fitzgibbons, M. R. Detty, and D. F. Watson, Optimizing the Photocurrent Efficiency of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells through the Controlled Aggregation of Chalcogenoxanthylium Dyes on Nanocrystalline Titania Films, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.112, issue.34, p.13057, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/jp803990b

K. Nazeeruddin, A. Kay, I. Rodicio, R. Humpry-baker, E. Muller et al., Conversion of light to electricity by cis-X2bis(2,2'-bipyridyl-4,4'-dicarboxylate)ruthenium(II) charge-transfer sensitizers (X = Cl-, Br-, I-, CN-, and SCN-) on nanocrystalline titanium dioxide electrodes, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.115, issue.14, p.6382, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00067a063

Y. Cao, Q. Bai, Y. Yu, S. Cheng, D. Liu et al., Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells with a High Absorptivity Ruthenium Sensitizer Featuring a 2-(Hexylthio)thiophene Conjugated Bipyridine, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.113, issue.15, p.6290, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/jp9006872

E. Bessho, J. Yoneda, M. Yum, I. Guglielmi, H. Tavernelli et al., New Paradigm in Molecular Engineering of Sensitizers for Solar Cell Applications, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.131, issue.16, p.5930, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ja9002684

J. Baranoff, M. Yum, M. K. Grätzel, C. Nazeeruddin, R. Y. Lee et al., Cyclometallated iridium complexes for conversion of light into electricity and electricity into light, Journal of Organometallic Chemistry, vol.694, issue.17, pp.2661-138, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2009.02.033

-. S. Wang, Y. Cui, Y. Dan-oh, C. Kasada, A. Shinpo et al., Thiophene-Functionalized Coumarin Dye for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells:??? Electron Lifetime Improved by Coadsorption of Deoxycholic Acid, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.111, issue.19, p.7224, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp067872t

M. Campbell, K. W. Jolley, P. Wagner, K. Wagner, P. J. Walsh et al., Highly Efficient Porphyrin Sensitizers for Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.111, issue.32, p.11760, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0750598

D. Rochford, A. Chu, E. Hagfelt, and . Galioppini, Tetrachelate Porphyrin Chromophores for Metal Oxide Semiconductor Sensitization:?? Effect of the Spacer Length and Anchoring Group Position, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.129, issue.15, p.4655, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/ja068218u

T. Koyama, X. F. Miki, H. Wang, and . Nagae, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells Based on the Principles and Materials of Photosynthesis: Mechanisms of Suppression and Enhancement of Photocurrent and Conversion Efficiency, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol.111, issue.11, p.4575, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0750598

V. Bergeron, A. Marton, G. Oskam, and G. J. Meyer, Electrodes with Iodide and Pseudohalide Redox Mediators, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.109, issue.2, p.937, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0461347

C. Y. Zhu, B. Jiang, S. Liu, and . Ramakrishna, -Polythiophene Hybrid Solar Cells Based on Interfacial Modification Using a Metal-Free Organic Dye, Advanced Materials, vol.115, issue.9, p.994, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200802388

S. Giacomo, F. Razza, A. Matteocci, S. Epifanio, T. Licoccia et al., High efficiency CH3NH3PbI(3???x)Clx perovskite solar cells with poly(3-hexylthiophene) hole transport layer, Journal of Power Sources, vol.251, p.152, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2013.11.053

D. Adler, F. R. Longo, J. D. Finarelli, J. Goldmacher, J. Assour et al., A simplified synthesis for meso-tetraphenylporphine, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol.32, issue.2, p.476, 1967.
DOI : 10.1021/jo01288a053

S. Lindsey, I. C. Schreiman, H. C. Hsu, P. C. Kearney, and A. M. Marguerettaz, Rothemund and Adler-Longo reactions revisited: synthesis of tetraphenylporphyrins under equilibrium conditions, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol.52, issue.5, p.827, 1987.
DOI : 10.1021/jo00381a022

F. Wong, B. Bagchi, and P. J. Rossky, Distance and Orientation Dependence of Excitation Transfer Rates in Conjugated Systems:?? Beyond the F??rster Theory, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.108, issue.27, p.5752, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/jp037724s

. Liang, Ultrafast Dynamics of Metalloporphyrins, DNA and Iron-Lanthanide Clusters in the Liquid Phase

G. F. Motaung, C. J. Malgas, S. E. Arendse, C. J. Mavundla, D. K. Oliphant et al., Thermal-induced changes on the properties of spin-coated P3HT:C60 thin films for solar cell applications, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol.93, issue.9, pp.1674-1717, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.solmat.2009.05.016

N. Moerman, S. E. Sebaihi, P. Kaviyil, R. Leclère, O. Lazzaroni et al., with iPrMgCl (1.35 mL) in a similar manner as 2-bromo-3-hexyl-5-iodothiophene (solution B), 2014.

. Hz, UV-vis (CHCl3): ?max = 450 nm. SEC (THF, PS standards): Mn = 11 000 g.mol -1 , Mw = 12 300 g.mol -1 , D = 1.12. SYNTHESIS OF THE CONJUGATED POLYELECTROLYTES General procedure for the synthesis of P3HTIm,Br and P3HTPy,Br polyelectrolytes. The P3HTBr (100 mg) was allowed to react with 1-methylimidazole (10 mL) or pyridine (10 mL) in refluxing chloroform (10 mL) for 2 days. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was poured into Et2O to precipitate the P3HTIm,Br and P3HTPy,Br polyelectrolytes. The crude polymers obtained were repeatedly washed with diethyl ether to remove excess of 1- methylimidazole or pyridine, and then, Th) ppm. 13 C{ 1 H} NMRBr polymers were further purified in refluxing diethyl ether using a Soxhlet apparatus overnight and finally, p.98

B. P3htim, 2. Yieldm, and 2. , 97 (s, 3H, N?CH3), 4.26 (t, 2H, CH2-N, 3 JH-H = 7 (s, 1H, HIm), 9.10 (s, 1H, HIm) ppm, pp.79-80, 1970.

R. C. Gerbaux, S. Evans, P. Clément, M. Chem, R. Chevrier et al., Functionalization of P3HT-based hydrid materials for photovoltaic applications in Novel Nanoscale Hybrids 13 (a), Bäuerle, F. Würthner and S. Heid, pp.1855-1872, 1990.

T. Spoltore, P. Vangerven, F. Verstappen, S. Piersimoni, K. Bertho et al., Effect of molecular weight on morphology and photovoltaic properties in P3HT:PCBM solar cells, Organic Electronics, vol.21, p.160, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.02.017

H. E. Grossiord, J. Miltner, J. Loos, B. Meuldijk, C. E. Van-mele et al., On the Crucial Role of Wetting in the Preparation of Conductive Polystyrene???Carbon Nanotube Composites, Chemistry of Materials, vol.19, issue.15, p.3787, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/cm062998o

O. Sundberg, S. Inganäs, G. Stafström, B. Gustafsson, S. Sjögren et al., Solid State Commun, Chem. Commun, vol.71, issue.28, 1989.

W. Schmidt, Some Fundamental Concepts and Techniques Useful in Small-Angle Scattering Studies of Disordered Solids, Modern Aspects of Small-Angle Scattering, pp.1-56, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-015-8457-9_1

J. Prosa, M. J. Winokur, J. Moulton, P. Smith, and A. J. Heeger, X-ray structural studies of poly(3-alkylthiophenes): an example of an inverse comb, Macromolecules, vol.25, issue.17, p.4364, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/ma00043a019

T. New, . And, . For-all-solid, . State-dye-sensitized, . Solar et al., 300 MHz): d 963 (s, each 1H, 5-, 10, p.1

. Hz, m, each 1H, 17-and 18-H), 3.73 (m, 2H, 8 1 -CH2), 3.68, 3.63, 3 UV-Vis, -CH3, 17 2 -COOMe)) ppm. Maldi-ToF calcd for C34H36N4O5, pp.24-26, 0121.

. Hz, (ESI) calcd for C35H36N4O5, pp.417-417

. Hz, 75 (m, 2H, 8 1 -CH2), 3.59, 3.53, 3.31, 3.23 (s, each 3H, COOMe), 2.60, 2.24 (m, pp.1-267, 0172.

. Hz, s, 3H each), 2.60, 2.24 (m, 4H), 1.76 (d, 3H, ), 1.65 (t, 3H, 3 JH-H = 7.6 Hz, 8 2 -CH3) ppm. HRMS ESI + calcd for C36H35N5O5Zn [M+H] + m/z 680.1852, found 680.1851. UV-Visible (THF), pp.4-28, 0181.

S. Of, . P3ht, and . Electrolytes-quaternisation-method, Block copolymer P3HT-b-P3HTBr (150 mg) was dissolved in chloroform (10 mL) Methylimidazole (10 mL) was then added to the orange solution and the mixture was stirred under reflux for 2 days. Once the reaction was finished, the resulting REFERENCES 1 (a) B. O'Regan, M. Grätzel, Nature Chem. Rev, vol.353, issue.110, p.6595, 1991.

E. Hardin, H. J. Snaith, and M. D. Mcgehee, The renaissance of dye-sensitized solar cells, Nature Photonics, vol.3, issue.3, p.162, 2012.
DOI : 10.1039/b922801b

A. Han, H. Islam, C. Chen, B. Malapaka, S. Chiranjeevi et al., High-efficiency dye-sensitized solar cell with a novel co-adsorbent, Energy & Environmental Science, vol.75, issue.3, p.6057, 2012.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1784556

Z. Wu, J. Lan, M. Lin, Y. Huang, L. Huang et al., Electrolytes in Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Hodes and D.Cahen, pp.2136-2151, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/cr400675m

U. Schmidt-mende, R. Bach, T. Humphry-backer, H. Horiuchi, S. Miura et al., Organic Dye for Highly Efficient Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, Advanced Materials, vol.86, issue.7, p.813, 2005.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1406148

S. Wang, Y. Cui, Y. Dan-oh, C. Kasada, and K. Hara, Thiophene-Functionalized Coumarin Dye for Efficient Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells:??? Electron Lifetime Improved by Coadsorption of Deoxycholic Acid, The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, vol.111, issue.19, p.7224, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp067872t

R. Neale, N. Kopidakis, J. Van-de-lagemaat, M. Grätzel, and A. J. Frank, Solar Cells:?? Shielding versus Band-Edge Movement, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.109, issue.49, p.23183, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0538666

URL : https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc892654/m2/1/high_res_d/882822.pdf

M. Ding, N. Tétreault, J. Brillet, B. E. Hardin, E. H. Smith et al., 27 (a) I, 2014.

C. Chen, Y. Lee, C. Chen, K. Kau, L. Lin et al., Self-Assembled All-Conjugated Block Copolymer as an Effective Hole Conductor for Solid-State Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, ACS Nano, vol.8, issue.2, pp.1254-1287, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/nn404346v

M. Coakley and M. D. Mcgehee, Conjugated Polymer Photovoltaic Cells, Chemistry of Materials, vol.16, issue.23, p.4533, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cm049654n

URL : http://user.chem.tue.nl/janssen/SolarCells/McGeheeChemMat2004.pdf

M. J. Johansson, S. Pradhan, E. Wang, E. L. Unger, A. Hagfeldt et al., Efficient infiltration of low molecular weight polymer in nanoporous TiO2, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.502, issue.4-6, p.225, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.12.062

D. Winter, G. Deshayes, F. Boon, O. Coulembier, P. Dubois et al., MALDI-ToF analysis of polythiophene: use of trans-2-[3-(4-t-butyl-phenyl)-2-methyl- 2-propenylidene]malononitrile-DCTB-as matrix, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.15, issue.110, p.237, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2003.12.001