.. Les-barrières-À-l-'interopérabilité, 23 2.3. Coûts relatifs à la non-interopérabilité et à l'interopérabilité, p.27

S. De-la, 57 2.1. Etape 1 : rétro-ingénierie, ., p.59

.. Mise-en-Évidence-de-la-structure-de-la-sémantique, 63 3.1. Définition de la sémantique métier centrale et étendue, ., p.66

.. Formalisation-des-relations-sémantiques, 81 1.1. Notre proposition de formalisation, ., p.85

.. Évaluation-de-l-'interopérabilité-sémantique, 93 3.1. Approche d'évaluation de l'interopérabilité sémantique, p.101

.. Cas-d-'étudeaipl-primeca, 112 2.1. Présentation du cas d'étude, p.112

L. Communauté-de-recherche-nationale-(-gdr, G. Macs-43, and . Interop-gso, GIS INTEROP- GR 45 ) et internationale (IFAC TC 5.3 46 , IFIP WG 5 INTEROP-VLab 48 , FInES 49 ), ainsi que la communauté industrielle (AFIS 50 ) s'intéressent à la problématique de définition des fondements scientifiques de l

. Dans-cette-thèse, nous contribuons à cette problématique d'interopérabilité sémantique par une démarche scientifique de caractérisation (Chapitre 1), de formalisation (Chapitre 2), de mesure et d'analyse (Chapitre 3)

. Aleman-meza, C. Boanerges, I. B. Halaschek, E. A. Arpinar, and . Sheth, «Context-aware semantic association ranking, Proceedings of the 1st International Workshop on Semantic Web and Database , SWDB'03, pp.33-50, 2003.

M. Amanowicz, P. Et, and . Gajewski, Military communications and information systems interoperability, Proceedings of MILCOM '96 IEEE Military Communications Conference, pp.280-283, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/MILCOM.1996.568629

. Verdecho, «The Unified Enterprise Modelling Language--Overview and further work, » Computers in Industry, vol.61, issue.2, pp.99-111, 2010.

S. Arnold, P. Et, and . Brook, 2.1.4 Managing the Wood not the Trees - The Smart Acquisition Approach to Systems of Systems, Proceedings of the 11th annual Symposium of INCOSE, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2001.tb02274.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00984000

J. P. Auzelle, Proposition d'un cadre de modélisation multi-échelles d'un système d'information en entreprise centré sur le produit, Thèse de doctorat, 2009.

M. Barut, W. Faisst, and J. J. Kanet, Measuring supply chain coupling: an information system perspective, European Journal of Purchasing & Supply Management, vol.8, issue.3, pp.161-171, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0969-7012(02)00006-0

L. Benhlima, D. Et, and . Chiadmi, «Vers l'interopérabilité des systèmes d'information hétérogènes.» la revue électronique des technologies de l'information e-TI, 2006.

D. Bianchini, V. De-antonellis, M. Melchiori, and E. D. Salvi, Semantic-Enriched Service Discovery, 22nd International Conference on Data Engineering Workshops (ICDEW'06), pp.38-48, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/ICDEW.2006.134

U. S. Bititci, V. Martinez, P. Albores, and E. J. Parung, Creating and managing value in collaborative networks, International Journal of Physical Distribution & Logistics Management, vol.34, issue.3/4, pp.251-268, 2004.
DOI : 10.1108/09600030410533574

S. Blanc, Contribution à la caractérisation et à l'évaluation de l'interopérabilité pour les entreprises collaboratives, Thèse de doctorat, 2006.

C. and I. Working, Levels of information systems interoperabilty (LISI), Architectures Working Group report, 1998.

M. Camara, Y. Ducq, and E. R. Dupas, «Methodology for Prior Evaluation of Interoperability.» Collaborative Networks for a Sustainable World, Proceedings of the 11th IFIP WG 5

L. Camarinha-matos and H. Afsarmanesh, Collaborative Networks, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/0-387-34403-9_4

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01060790

L. M. Camarinha-matos, Afsarmanesh. «Concept of collaboration.» Encyclopedia of networked and virtual organizations, Information Science Reference), pp.311-315, 2008.

D. Carney, D. Fisher, and E. P. Place, «Topics in Interoperability: System-of-Systems Evolution.» Technical Note, 2005.

S. Castano, V. Et, and . De-antonellis, A framework for expressing semantic relationships between multiple information systems for cooperation, Information Systems, vol.23, issue.3-4, pp.253-277, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4379(98)00012-X

V. Chapurlat, «Vérification et validation de modèles de systèmes complexe : application à la modélisation d'entreprise.» Habilitation à Diriger les Recherches de l, 2007.

D. Chen, B. Vallespir, and E. N. Daclin, «An approach for enterprise interoperability measurement, Proceedings of the workshop MoDISE-EUS, Model Driven Information Systems Engineering: Enterprise, User and System Models, MoDISE-EUS'08, 2008.

D. Chen, Daclin. «Barriers driven methodology for enterprise interoperability, Proceeding of Eighth IFIP Working Conference on Virtual Enterprises: Establishing the Bibliographie 153

P. Chen, Architecture-Based Interoperability Evaluation in Evolutions of Networked Enterprises, Lecture Notes in Computer Science, vol.3812, pp.293-304, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/11678564_26

C. P. Cheng, G. T. Lau, J. Pan, K. H. Law, and E. A. Jones, «Domain-specific ontology mapping by corpus-based semantic similarity, Proceedings of 2008 NSF CMMI Engineering Research and Innovation Conference, 2008.

R. H. Chiang, T. M. Barron, and V. C. Storey, Reverse engineering of relational databases: Extraction of an EER model from a relational database, Data & Knowledge Engineering, vol.12, issue.2, pp.107-142, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-023X(94)90011-6

N. Choi, I. Y. Song, and H. Han, A survey on ontology mapping, ACM SIGMOD Record, vol.35, issue.3, pp.34-41, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1168092.1168097

T. Clark, R. Et, and . Jones, «Organisational interoperability maturity model for C2, Proceedings of the Command And Control Research And Technology Symposium (CCRTS), 1999.

B. Combemale, S. Rougemaille, X. Crégut, F. Migeon, M. Pantel et al., «Expériences pour décrire la sémantique en ingénierie des modèles, Édité par Laurence Duchien et Cédric Dumoulin. Actes des 2 èmes journées sur l'Ingènierie Dirigèe par les Modèles IDM 06, pp.17-33, 2006.

N. Daclin, D. Chen, and E. B. Vallespir, «Enterprise interoperability measurement-Basic concepts, Proceedings of the 3rd Workshop on Enterprise Modeling and Ontologies for Interoperability, 2006.

N. Daclin, V. Et, and . Chapurlat, «Evaluation de l'Interopérabilité Organisationnelle et Managériale des Systèmes Industriels: le projet Carioner, 2008.

J. David, J. Et, and . Euzenat, Comparison between Ontology Distances (Preliminary Results), Proceedings the semantic web: ISWC 2008: 7th International Semantic Web Conference
DOI : 10.1037/0033-295X.84.4.327

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00793534

D. Bo, J. , P. Spyns, R. Meersman-swwa, . Ipw et al., «Creating a " DOGMAtic " multilingual ontology infrastructure to support a semantic portal.» In proceedings of the OTM confederated international workshops HCI, pp.253-266, 2003.

L. Denise, «Collaboration vs. C-three (cooperation, coordination, and communication), » Innovating, vol.7, issue.3, 1999.

Y. Ducq, Évaluation de la performance d'entreprise par les modèles, 2007.

Y. Ducq, D. Et, and . Chen, «How to measure interoperability: Concept and Approach, Proceedings of the 14th International Conference on Concurrent Enterprising: ICE2008A- New Wave of Innovation in Collaboration Networks, pp.583-590, 2008.

D. C. Engelbart, Augmenting human intellect: A conceptual framework, 1962.

J. Euzenat, «Towards a principled approach to semantic interoperability, Proceedings of the workshop on Ontologies and Information Sharing IJCAI-01, 2001.

V. Evans, Lexical concepts, cognitive models and meaning-construction, Cognitive Linguistics, vol.17, issue.4, pp.491-534, 2006.
DOI : 10.1515/COG.2006.016

URL : http://eprints.brighton.ac.uk/2468/1/COG.2006.pdf

J. Evermann, Theories of meaning in schema matching: An exploratory study, Information Systems, vol.34, issue.1, pp.28-44, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.is.2008.04.001

N. E. Fenton, S. L. Et, and . Pfleeger, Software metrics: a rigorous approach, 1991.
DOI : 10.1201/b17461

D. A. Fisher, An Emergent Perspective on Interoperation in Systems of Systems, 2006.

M. Fonkam, W. Et, and . Gray, An approach to eliciting the semantics of relational databases, «An Approach to Eliciting the Semantics of Relational Databases.» In proceeding of CAiSE'92, pp.463-480, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0035148

M. P. Gallaher, A. C. O-'conno, J. Dettbarn, and L. T. Gilday, Cost Analysis of Inadequate Interoperability in the U.S. Capital Facilities Industry, 2004.
DOI : 10.6028/NIST.GCR.04-867

E. Gamma, R. Helm, R. Johnson, and E. J. Vlissides, Design patterns: elements of reusable objectoriented software, 1995.

J. Goguen, Data, Schema, Ontology and Logic Integration, Logic Journal of IGPL, vol.13, issue.6, pp.685-715, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/jigpal/jzi050

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.64.2260

C. H. Goh, S. E. Madnick, and M. D. Siegel, Ontologies, contexts, and mediation: representing and reasoning about semantics conflicts in heterogeneous and autonomous systems. Working paper, 1995.

W. Guédria, Y. Naudet, and E. D. Chen, Interoperability Maturity Models ??? Survey and Comparison ???, Proceedings of the OTM Confederated International Workshops and Posters on On the Move to Meaningful Internet Systems: 2008 Workshops, pp.273-282, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/09511920600996419

T. Halpin, Fact-Oriented Modeling: Past, Present and Future
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-72677-7_2

J. Brinkkemper and . Krogstie, Conceptual Modelling in Information Systems Engineering, pp.19-38, 2007.

K. Q. He, J. Wang, and E. P. Liang, Semantic Interoperability Aggregation in Service Requirements Refinement, Journal of Computer Science and Technology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.1103-1117, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11390-010-9392-3

A. T. Himmelman, On Coalitions and the Transformation of Power Relations: Collaborative Betterment and Collaborative Empowerment, American Journal of Community Psychology, vol.29, issue.2, pp.277-284, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1010334831330

A. Isaac, S. Wang, C. Zinn, H. Matthezing, L. V. et al., Evaluating Thesaurus Alignments for Semantic Interoperability in the Library Domain, IEEE Intelligent Systems, pp.76-86, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/MIS.2009.26

I. En-dis, Enterprise integration -Constructs of enterprise modelling, Draft version, 2004.

H. S. Jagdev, K. Et, and . Thoben, Anatomy of enterprise collaborations, Production Planning & Control, vol.12, issue.5, pp.437-482, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/09537280110042675

J. J. Jung, Reusing ontology mappings for query routing in semantic peer-to-peer environment, Information Sciences, vol.180, issue.17, pp.17-3248, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ins.2010.04.018

R. Kaffenberger, J. Et, and . Fischer, 2.3.3 Designing Systems-of-Systems Without Getting Trapped in the Subsystem Maze, Proceedings of the 11th annual Symposium of INCOSE, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/j.2334-5837.2001.tb02320.x

Y. Kalfoglou and . Schorlemmer, IF-Map: An Ontology-Mapping Method Based on Information-Flow Theory, » Journal on Data Semantics, pp.98-127, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-39733-5_5

Y. Kalfoglou, M. Et, and . Schorlemmer, «Ontology mapping: the state of the art.» The knowledge engineering review, pp.1-31, 2003.

M. Kasunic, W. Et, and . Anderson, Measuring Systems Interoperability: Challenges and Opportunities, 2004.

M. Kavouras, «A unified ontological framework for semantic integration.» International Workshop on Next Generation Geospatial Information, 2003.

A. Kochhar, Y. Et, and . Zhang, «A framework for performance measurement in virtual, Proceedings of the 2nd International Workshop on Performance Measurement, pp.2-11, 2002.

G. Lavean, Interoperability in Defense Communications, IEEE Transactions on Communications, vol.28, issue.9, pp.1445-1455, 1980.
DOI : 10.1109/TCOM.1980.1094832

M. Lezoche, H. Panetto, and E. A. Aubry, «Conceptualisation approach for cooperative information systems interoperability, Proceedings of 13th International Conference on Enterprise Information Systems, 2011.

J. Lieber, A. Napoli, L. Szathmary, and Y. Toussaint, First Elements on Knowledge Discovery Guided by Domain Knowledge (KDDK), Proceedings of the 4th international conference on Concept lattices and their applications, pp.22-41, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-78921-5_2

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00608015

C. Lusthaus, M. H. Adrien, G. Anderson, F. Carden, and G. Plinio-montalvan, Évaluation organisationnelle: cadre pour l'amélioration de la performance, International Development Research Centre, 2003.

A. Maedche, B. Motik, N. Silva, and E. R. Volz, MAFRA ??? A MApping FRAmework for Distributed Ontologies, Proceedings of 13th European Conference on Knowledge Engineering and Knowledge Management (EKAW). Siquenca, pp.69-75, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-45810-7_23

M. W. Maier, «Architecting Principles for Systems-of-Systems, Proceedings of the 6th Annual Symposium of INCOSE, pp.567-574, 1996.

S. Mallek, N. Daclin, and E. V. Chapurlat, Towards a Conceptualisation of Interoperability Requirements, Enterprise Interoperability IV: Making the Internet of the Future for the Future of Enterprise, pp.439-448
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-84996-257-5_41

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00588822

D. R. Mensh, R. S. Kite, and P. H. Darby, The Quantification of Interoperability, Naval Engineers Journal, vol.101, issue.3, pp.251-259, 1989.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1559-3584.1989.tb02204.x

M. Monperrus, La mesure des modèles par les modèles : une approche générative, Thèse de doctorat, 2008.

G. M. Nijssen, T. A. Et, and . Halpin, Conceptual Schema and Relational Database Design: a fact oriented approach, 1989.

P. Oberndorf, COTS and Open Systems, 1998.

H. Panetto, Meta-modèles et modèles pour l'intégration et l'interopérabilité des applications d'entreprises de production, 2006.

H. Panetto, Towards a classification framework for interoperability of enterprise applications, International Journal of Computer Integrated Manufacturing, vol.12, issue.8, pp.727-740, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TKDE.2003.1185844

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00116336

J. Park, S. Et, and . Ram, Information systems interoperability, ACM Transactions on Information Systems, vol.22, issue.4, pp.595-632, 2004.
DOI : 10.1145/1028099.1028103

K. Peffers, T. Tuunanen, M. A. Et-chatterjee, and S. Rothenberger, A Design Science Research Methodology for Information Systems Research, Journal of Management Information Systems, vol.24, issue.3, pp.45-77, 2007.
DOI : 10.2753/MIS0742-1222240302

E. Rahm, P. A. Et, and . Bernstein, A survey of approaches to automatic schema matching, The VLDB Journal, vol.10, issue.4, pp.334-350, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s007780100057

M. Sharir, A strong-connectivity algorithm and its applications in data flow analysis, Computers & Mathematics with Applications, vol.7, issue.1, pp.67-72, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0898-1221(81)90008-0

K. Halaschek, D. Anyanwu, F. S. Avant, and . Arpinar, «Semantic association identification and knowledge discovery for national security applications, » Journal of Database Management (Citeseer), vol.16, issue.1, pp.33-53, 2005.

A. Shilliday, J. Taylor, M. Clark, and E. S. Bringsjord, «Provability-Based Semantic Interoperability for Information Sharing and Joint Reasoning.» Proceeding of the conference on Ontologies and Semantic Technologies for Intelligence, pp.109-128, 2010.

G. Tassey, S. B. Brunnermeier, and S. Martin, «Interoperability cost analysis of the US automotive supply chain.» Research Triangle Institute Final Report. RTI Project, pp.7007-7010, 1999.

K. D. Thoben and H. S. Jagdev, Typological issues in enterprise networks, Production Planning & Control, vol.12, issue.5, pp.421-436, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/09537280110042666

A. Tolk, «Beyond technical interoperability-Introducing a reference model for measures of merit for coalition interoperability, Proceedings of the 8th International Command and Control Research and Technology Symposium (ICCRTS), 2003.

A. Tursi, H. Panetto, G. Morel, and E. M. Dassisti, Ontological approach for products-centric information system interoperability in networked manufacturing enterprises, Annual Reviews in Control, vol.33, issue.2, pp.238-245, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.arcontrol.2009.05.003

U. S. Bureau, Annual Value of Construction Set In Place, 2004.

M. Vegetti, G. P. Henning, and H. P. Leone, «Product ontology: definition of an ontology for the complex product modelling domain, Proceedings of the Mercosur Congress on Process Systems Engineering. Rio de Janeiro, 2005.

P. Velardi, M. Fasolo, and M. T. Pazienza, «How to encode semantic knowledge: a method for meaning representation and computer-aided acquisition.» Computational Linguistics, pp.153-170, 1991.

E. Yahia, A. Aubry, and H. Panetto, «Explicitation de la sémantique de modèles de systèmes d'information d'entreprise, 4èmes Journées Doctorales , Journées Nationales MACS, JD-JN- MACS, 2011.

N. Zouggar, Contribution au développement de la sémantique en modélisation d'entreprise