S. S. Afiyatullov, O. I. Zhuravleva, A. S. Antonov, A. I. Kalinovsky, M. V. Pivkin et al., New metabolites from the marine-derived fungus Aspergillus fumigatus, Nat. Prod. Commun, vol.7, pp.497-500, 2012.

V. Ahmadjian, Lichens are more important than you think, BioScience, vol.45, issue.3, pp.124-124, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/bioscience/45.3.124

S. F. Altschul, W. Gish, W. Miller, E. W. Myers, and D. J. Lipman, Basic local alignment search tool, Journal of Molecular Biology, vol.215, issue.3, pp.403-410, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-2836(05)80360-2

A. Aptroot, Lichenized and saprobic fungal biodiversity of a single Elaeocarpus tree in Papua New Guinea, with the report of 200 species of ascomycetes associated with one tree, Fungal Divers, vol.6, pp.1-11, 2001.

A. E. Arnold, Understanding the diversity of foliar endophytic fungi: progress, challenges, and frontiers, Fungal Biology Reviews, vol.21, issue.2-3, pp.51-66, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fbr.2007.05.003

A. E. Arnold and F. Lutzoni, DIVERSITY AND HOST RANGE OF FOLIAR FUNGAL ENDOPHYTES: ARE TROPICAL LEAVES BIODIVERSITY HOTSPOTS?, Ecology, vol.88, issue.3, pp.541-549, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.66.8.3468-3473.2000

A. E. Arnold, J. Miadlikowska, K. L. Higgins, S. D. Sarvate, P. Gugger et al., A Phylogenetic Estimation of Trophic Transition Networks for Ascomycetous Fungi: Are Lichens Cradles of Symbiotrophic Fungal Diversification?, Systematic Biology, vol.57, issue.3, pp.283-297, 2009.
DOI : 10.2307/3760986

Y. Asahina and S. Shibata, Chemistry of Lichen Substances, Taxon, vol.21, issue.2/3, 1954.
DOI : 10.2307/1218225

S. Aubert, C. Juge, A. Boisson, E. Gout, and R. Bligny, Metabolic processes sustaining the reviviscence of lichen Xanthoria elegans (Link) in high mountain environments, Planta, vol.71, issue.5, pp.1287-1297, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4173(81)90005-7
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00188424

S. S. Azimova and V. I. Vinogradova, Natural compounds: Flavonoids plant sources, structure and properties, 2013.

L. M. Baltazar, A. Ray, D. A. Santos, P. S. Cisalpino, A. J. Friedman et al., Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy: an effective alternative approach to control fungal infections, Frontiers in Microbiology, vol.4, issue.a019802, 2015.
DOI : 10.1101/cshperspect.a019802

E. G. Biosca, R. Flores, R. D. Santander, J. L. Díez-gil, and E. Barreno, Innovation approaches using lichen enriched media to improve isolation and culturability of lichen associated bacteria, 2016.

H. B. Bode, B. Bethe, R. Höfs, and A. Zeeck, Big Effects from Small Changes: Possible Ways to Explore Nature's Chemical Diversity, ChemBioChem, vol.3, issue.7, pp.619-627, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/1439-7633(20020703)3:7<619::AID-CBIC619>3.0.CO;2-9

J. Boustie and M. Grube, Lichens???a promising source of bioactive secondary metabolites, Plant Genetic Resources: Characterization and Utilization, vol.55, issue.02, pp.273-287, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.03981.x

I. M. Brodo, 12 -Substrate Ecology, The Lichens, pp.401-441, 1973.

T. Bruun, Aliphatic compounds in some lichens, Phytochemistry, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1261-1263, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9422(76)85089-3

J. S. Bulama, S. M. Dangoggo, M. , and S. N. , Isolation and characterization of beta-sitosterol from ethyl acetate extract of root bark of Terminalia glaucescens, Inter J Sc Res Pub, vol.5, pp.1-3, 2015.

. Bull, AFL, 1998 Bulletin d'information de l'Association Française de Lichénologie - 1998 -23(1) Paris

G. Chen, Y. Bao, Y. Huang, D. Hu, X. Li et al., Three pairs of variecolortide enantiomers from Eurotium sp. with caspase-3 inhibitory activity, Fitoterapia, vol.92, pp.252-259, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.11.012

P. Chou, G. Huang, C. Pan, Y. Chien, Y. Chen et al., Trilinolein Inhibits Proliferation of Human Non-Small Cell Lung Carcinoma A549 Through the Modulation of PI3K/Akt Pathway, The American Journal of Chinese Medicine, vol.13, issue.04, pp.803-815, 2011.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.96.25.14517

N. Christian, C. Sullivan, N. D. Visser, C. , and K. , Plant Host and Geographic Location Drive Endophyte Community Composition in the Face of Perturbation, Microbial Ecology, vol.205, issue.6, pp.621-632, 2016.
DOI : 10.1111/nph.13067

P. Ciuffreda, S. Casati, and A. Manzocchi, Complete 1 H and 13 C NMR spectral assignment of ?-and ?-adenosine, 2?-deoxyadenosine and their acetate derivatives, 2007.

P. A. Cohen and G. H. Towers, Anthraquinones and Phenanthroperylenequinones from Nephroma laevigatum, Journal of Natural Products, vol.58, issue.4, pp.520-526, 1995.
DOI : 10.1021/np50118a006

P. A. Cohen and G. H. Towers, Biosynthetic studies on chlorinated anthraquinones in the lichen Nephroma laevigatum, Phytochemistry, vol.42, issue.5, pp.1325-1329, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9422(96)00148-3

P. A. Cohen, J. B. Hudson, and G. H. Towers, Antiviral activities of anthraquinones, bianthrones and hypericin derivatives from lichens, Experientia, vol.60, issue.2, pp.180-183, 1996.
DOI : 10.1128/AAC.35.12.2463

S. D. Crawford, Lichens Used in Traditional Medicine, pp.27-80, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-13374-4_2

P. D. Crittenden, J. C. David, D. L. Hawksworth, and F. S. Campbell, Attempted isolation and success in the culturing of a broad spectrum of lichen-forming and lichenicolous fungi, New Phytologist, vol.63, issue.2, pp.267-297, 1995.
DOI : 10.1271/bbb1961.49.3347

C. F. Culberson and J. A. Elix, Lichen Substances, In Methods in Plant Biochemistry, pp.509-535, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-461011-8.50021-4

M. A. De-alvarenga, R. Braz-fo, O. R. Gottlieb, P. De, J. P. Dias et al., Dihydroisocoumarins and phthalide from wood samples infested by fungi???, Phytochemistry, vol.17, issue.3, pp.511-516, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)89350-4

E. Cytochalasin, Anti-proliferative activity against human HT-29 colorectal cancer cells and quantitative variability, Fitoterapia, vol.121, pp.146-151

Y. Dou, X. Wang, D. Jiang, H. Wang, Y. Jiao et al., Metabolites from Aspergillus versicolor, an endolichenic fungus from the lichen Lobaria retigera, Drug Discoveries & Therapeutics, vol.8, issue.2, pp.84-88, 2014.
DOI : 10.5582/ddt.8.84

S. Dzwigaj and H. Pezerat, Detection: Role of Some Reducing Agents, Free Radical Research, vol.222, issue.2, pp.103-115, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-5793(87)80379-4

J. A. Elix, A catalogue of standardized chromatographic data and biosynthetic relationships for lichen substances. Canberra, 2014.

J. A. Elix and E. Stocker-wörgötter, Biochemistry and secondary metabolites, Lichen Biology Second Edition, pp.104-133, 2008.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511790478.008

S. Elmore, Apoptosis: A Review of Programmed Cell Death, Toxicologic Pathology, vol.135, issue.4, pp.495-516, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.embor.7400622

J. Favre-bonvin, J. Bernillon, N. Salin, and N. Arpin, Biosynthesis of mycosporines: Mycosporine glutaminol in Trichothecium roseum, Phytochemistry, vol.26, issue.9, pp.2509-2514, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)83866-2

T. Feuerer and D. L. Hawksworth, Biodiversity of lichens, including a world-wide analysis of checklist data based on Takhtajan???s floristic regions, Biodiversity and Conservation, vol.28, issue.32, pp.85-98, 2007.
DOI : 10.1639/0007-2745(1998)101[70:ACOSRD]2.0.CO;2

C. H. Fox and S. Huneck, The formation of roccellic acid, eugenitol, eugenetin, and rupicolon by the mycobiont Lecanora rupicola, Phytochemistry, vol.8, issue.7, pp.1301-1304, 1969.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(00)85570-3

F. M. Freimoser, C. A. Jakob, M. Aebi, and U. Tuor, The MTT [3-(4, 5- dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide] assay is a fast and reliable method for colorimetric determination of fungal cell densities, Appl. Environ. Microbiol, vol.65, pp.3727-3729, 1999.

K. Gao, A. Xu, C. Krul, K. Venema, Y. Liu et al., Of the Major Phenolic Acids Formed during Human Microbial Fermentation of Tea, Citrus, and Soy Flavonoid Supplements, Only 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylacetic Acid Has Antiproliferative Activity, The Journal of Nutrition, vol.38, issue.1, pp.52-57, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2004.11.020

P. A. García, D. Oliveira, A. B. Batista, and R. , Occurrence, Biological Activities and Synthesis of Kaurane Diterpenes and their Glycosides, Molecules, vol.11, issue.3, pp.455-483, 2007.
DOI : 10.1080/07328303.1992.11760693

M. Gill, Pigments of fungi (Macromycetes), Natural Product Reports, vol.20, issue.6, p.615, 2003.
DOI : 10.1039/b202267m

M. Girlanda, D. Isocrono, C. Bianco, and A. M. Luppi-mosca, Two Foliose Lichens as Microfungal Ecological Niches, Mycologia, vol.89, issue.4, p.531, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/3760987

S. Gracin and A. Fischer, 4-Hydroxyphenylacetic acid, Acta Crystallographica Section E Structure Reports Online, vol.61, issue.6, pp.1919-1920, 2005.
DOI : 10.1107/S1600536805016405/ya6248Isup2.hkl

M. Grube, M. Cardinale, J. V. De-castro-jr, H. Müller, and G. Berg, Species-specific structural and functional diversity of bacterial communities in lichen symbioses, The ISME Journal, vol.64, issue.9, p.1105, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111347

L. D. Guo, K. D. Hyde, and E. C. Liew, Identification of endophytic fungi from Livistona chinensis based on morphology and rDNA sequences, New Phytologist, vol.147, issue.3, pp.617-630, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2000.00716.x

M. R. Hamblin and T. Hasan, Photodynamic therapy: a new antimicrobial approach to infectious disease?, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, vol.3, issue.5, p.436, 2004.
DOI : 10.1039/b311900a

K. Hansen, T. Laessøe, and D. H. Pfister, Phylogenetic diversity in the core group of Peziza inferred from ITS sequences and morphology, Mycological Research, vol.106, issue.8, pp.879-902, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S0953756202006287

O. Hesse, Die Flechtenstoffe, In Biochemisches Handlexikon, pp.32-144, 1912.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-51316-9_2

D. S. Hibbett, M. Binder, J. F. Bischoff, M. Blackwell, P. F. Cannon et al., A higher-level phylogenetic classification of the Fungi, Mycological Research, vol.111, issue.5, pp.509-547, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycres.2007.03.004

B. J. Hickey, A. J. Lumsden, A. L. Cole, and J. R. Walker, Antibiotic compounds from New Zealand plants: methyl haematommate, an anti-fungal agent from Stereocaulon ramulosum, N. Z. Nat Sci, vol.17, pp.49-53, 1990.

R. Honegger, 15 The Symbiotic Phenotype of Lichen-Forming Ascomycetes and Their Endo- and Epibionts, Fungal Associations, pp.287-339, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-30826-0_15

R. Honegger, L. Axe, and D. Edwards, Bacterial epibionts and endolichenic actinobacteria and fungi in the Lower Devonian lichen Chlorolichenomycites salopensis, Fungal Biology, vol.117, issue.7-8, pp.512-518, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.funbio.2013.05.003

T. R. Horton and T. D. Bruns, The molecular revolution in ectomycorrhizal ecology: peeking into the black-box, Molecular Ecology, vol.144, issue.8, pp.1855-1871, 2001.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.1999.00504.x

X. Huang, J. Wang, C. Huang, Y. Chen, G. Shi et al., Emodin enhances cytotoxicity of chemotherapeutic drugs in prostate cancer cells: The mechanisms involve ROS-mediated suppression of multidrug resistance and hypoxia inducible factor-1, Cancer Biology & Therapy, vol.7, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.4161/cbt.7.3.5457

Z. Huang, J. Yang, Z. She, L. , and Y. , sp. (ZZF60), Natural Product Research, vol.41, issue.1, pp.11-15, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/np050060o
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halsde-00140365

S. Huneck, Y. , and I. , Identification of lichen substances, 1996.

M. Hyvärinen, R. Koopmann, O. Hormi, and J. Tuomi, Phenols in reproductive and somatic structures of lichens: a case of optimal defence?, Oikos, vol.91, issue.2, pp.371-375, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0706.2000.910217.x

A. Epoxynemanione and A. ?. , from Nemania serpens , an endophytic fungus isolated from Riesling grapevines, Phytochemistry, vol.140, pp.16-26

P. W. James and F. J. White, Abstract, The Lichenologist, vol.19, issue.03, pp.215-268, 1987.
DOI : 10.1017/S0024282987000239

J. D. Johansen, Fragrance Contact Allergy, American Journal of Clinical Dermatology, vol.4, issue.11, pp.4-31, 2002.
DOI : 10.2165/00128071-200304110-00006

D. Joulain and R. Tabacchi, Lichen extracts as raw materials in perfumery. Part 1: oakmoss. Flavour Fragr, J, vol.24, pp.49-61, 2009.

K. Kannangara, B. T. Rajapaksha, R. S. Paranagama, and P. A. , sp. at Hakgala montane forest in Sri Lanka, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.53, issue.2, pp.203-209, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1472-765X.2008.02512.x

S. Kanokmedhakul, K. Kanokmedhakul, T. Prajuabsuk, K. Soytong, P. Kongsaeree et al., A bioactive triterpenoid and vulpinic acid derivatives from the mushroom Scleroderma citrinum, Planta Med, vol.69, pp.568-571, 2003.

J. J. Kellogg, R. , and H. A. , Endolichenic fungi: a new source of rich bioactive secondary metabolites on the horizon, Phytochemistry Reviews, vol.27, issue.9, pp.271-293, 2016.
DOI : 10.1039/c004593d

K. H. Kim, C. Beemelmanns, C. Murillo, A. Guillén, L. Umaña et al., Naphthalenones and isocoumarins from a Costa Rican fungus <I>Xylariaceae</I> sp. CR1546C, Journal of Chemical Research, vol.38, issue.12, pp.722-725, 2014.
DOI : 10.3184/174751914X14175406270662

T. Kokubun, N. C. Veitch, P. D. Bridge, and M. S. Simmonds, Dihydroisocoumarins and a tetralone from Cytospora eucalypticola, Phytochemistry, vol.62, issue.5, pp.779-782, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(02)00606-4

K. Krohn, R. Baharamsari, U. Flörke, K. Ludewig, C. Kliche-spory et al., Dihydroisocoumarins from fungi: Isolation, structure elucidation, circular dichroism and biological activity, Phytochemistry, vol.45, issue.2, pp.313-320, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(96)00854-0

S. Kumar, G. Stecher, and K. Tamura, MEGA7: Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis Version 7.0 for Bigger Datasets, Molecular Biology and Evolution, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1870-1874, 2016.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/17.9.821

S. Kusari, M. Lamshöft, and M. Spiteller, L. Horstmann as a novel source of the anticancer pro-drug deoxypodophyllotoxin, Journal of Applied Microbiology, vol.48, issue.3, pp.1019-1030, 2009.
DOI : 10.1177/095632029800900307

L. Pogam, P. Boustie, and J. , Xanthones of Lichen Source: A 2016 Update, Molecules, vol.17, issue.3, p.294, 2016.
DOI : 10.1039/C4RA09104C
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01290422

S. Lee, H. Kinoshita, F. Ihara, Y. Igarashi, and T. Nihira, Identification of novel derivative of helvolic acid from Metarhizium anisopliae grown in medium with insect component, Journal of Bioscience and Bioengineering, vol.105, issue.5, pp.476-480, 2008.
DOI : 10.1263/jbb.105.476

G. Li, H. Wang, R. Zhu, L. Sun, L. Wang et al., sp., Journal of Natural Products, vol.75, issue.2, pp.142-147, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/np200614h
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01557817

W. Li, X. Li, L. Li, R. Li, L. et al., ??-Pyrone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Nectria sp., Phytochemistry Letters, vol.12, pp.22-26, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytol.2015.02.008

W. Li, J. Zhou, S. Guo, and L. Guo, Endophytic fungi associated with lichens in Baihua mountain of, Fungal Divers, vol.25, pp.69-80, 2007.

S. Liu, W. Ruan, J. Li, H. Xu, J. Wang et al., Biological Control of Phytopathogenic Fungi by Fatty Acids, Mycopathologia, vol.66, issue.2, pp.93-102, 2008.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1439-0434.2003.00713.x

F. Lohézic-le-dévéhat, S. Tomasi, J. A. Elix, A. Bernard, I. Rouaud et al., and Their Antioxidant Activities, Journal of Natural Products, vol.70, issue.7, pp.1218-1220, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/np070145k

K. Lohtander, I. Oksanen, and J. And-rikkinen, A phylogenetic study of Nephroma (lichen-forming Ascomycota), Mycological Research, vol.106, issue.7, pp.777-787, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S0953756202006068

Y. Lu, J. Zhang, and J. Qian, The Effect of Emodin on VEGF Receptors in Human Colon Cancer Cells, Cancer Biotherapy & Radiopharmaceuticals, vol.23, issue.2, pp.222-228, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/cbr.2007.0425

F. Lutzoni and J. Miadlikowska, Lichens, Current Biology, vol.19, issue.13, pp.502-503, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2009.04.034

V. Lygis, I. Vasiliauskaite, A. Matelis, A. Pli?ra, and R. Vasaitis, Fungi in living and dead stems and stumps of Pinus mugo on coastal dunes of the Baltic Sea, Plant Protection Science, vol.50, issue.No. 4, pp.221-226, 2014.
DOI : 10.17221/25/2014-PPS

Y. Ma, S. Weng, M. Lin, C. Lu, J. Chiang et al., Antitumor effects of emodin on LS1034 human colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo: Roles of apoptotic cell death and LS1034 tumor xenografts model, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol.50, issue.5, pp.1271-1278, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fct.2012.01.033

W. S. Maass, G. H. Towers, and A. C. Neish, Flechtenstoffe: I. Untersuchungen zur biogenese des pulvinsaureanhydrids, Berichte Dtsch. Bot. Ges, vol.77, pp.157-161, 1964.

R. P. Maskey, R. N. Asolkar, M. Speitling, V. Hoffmann, I. Grün-wollny et al., Flavones and new isoflavone derivatives from microorganisms: Isolation and structure elucidation, Z. Für Naturforschung B J. Chem. Sci, vol.58, pp.686-691, 2003.

T. R. Mcdonald, E. Gaya, and F. Lutzoni, Twenty-five cultures of lichenizing fungi available for experimental studies on symbiotic systems, Symbiosis, vol.8, issue.3, pp.165-171, 2013.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-294x.1999.00820.x

M. Millot, A. Dieu, and S. Tomasi, Dibenzofurans and derivatives from lichens and ascomycetes, Natural Product Reports, vol.38, issue.6, pp.801-811, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9422(94)00731-8
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01274836

M. Millot, M. Girardot, L. Dutreix, L. Mambu, and C. Imbert, Antifungal and Anti-Biofilm Activities of Acetone Lichen Extracts against Candida albicans, Molecules, vol.32, issue.12, p.651, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2008.01.028
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01661088

K. Molnár and E. Farkas, Current Results on Biological Activities of Lichen Secondary Metabolites: a Review, Zeitschrift f??r Naturforschung C, vol.65, issue.3-4, pp.157-173, 2010.
DOI : 10.1515/znc-2010-3-401

K. Mosbach, On the biosynthesis of lichen substances Part 2. The pulvic acid derivative vulpinic acid, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.17, issue.4, pp.363-367, 1964.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-291X(64)90012-9

L. Muggia, T. Kopun, and M. Grube, Effects of Growth Media on the Diversity of Culturable Fungi from Lichens, Molecules, vol.12, issue.12, 2017.
DOI : 10.1093/bioinformatics/bti191

I. Nash and T. H. , 1. INTRODUCTION, pp.1-8, 2008.
DOI : 10.1515/9783110810509-002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00166111

H. M. Ögmundsdóttir, G. M. Zoëga, S. R. Gissurarson, and K. Ingólfsdóttir, Natural Products: Anti-proliferative Effects of Lichen-derived Inhibitors of 5-Lipoxygenase on Malignant Cell-lines and Mitogen-stimulated Lymphocytes, Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, vol.93, issue.1, pp.107-115, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.11.5241

S. Okuda, S. Iwasaki, M. I. Sair, Y. Machida, A. Inoue et al., Stereochemistry of helvolic acid, Tetrahedron Letters, vol.8, issue.24, pp.2295-2302, 1967.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-4039(00)90816-5

T. W. Osmundson, V. A. Robert, C. L. Schoch, L. J. Baker, A. Smith et al., Filling Gaps in Biodiversity Knowledge for Macrofungi: Contributions and Assessment of an Herbarium Collection DNA Barcode Sequencing Project, PLoS ONE, vol.61, issue.4, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0062419.s005

S. Padhi and K. Tayung, In vitro antimicrobial potentials of endolichenic fungi isolated from thalli of Parmelia lichen against some human pathogens. Beni-Suef Univ, J, 2015.

P. A. Paranagama, E. M. Wijeratne, A. M. Burns, M. T. Marron, M. K. Gunatilaka et al., : First Report of Metabolites of an Endolichenic Fungus(1), Journal of Natural Products, vol.70, issue.11, pp.1700-1705, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/np070466w

A. J. Parr, F. A. Mellon, I. J. Colquhoun, and H. V. Davies, ) Tubers Detected during Metabolite Profiling, Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, vol.53, issue.13, pp.5461-5466, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jf050298i

O. Petrini, U. Hake, and M. M. Dreyfuss, An Analysis of Fungal Communities Isolated from Fruticose Lichens, Mycologia, vol.82, issue.4, p.444, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/3760015

O. E. Petrova and K. Sauer, Escaping the biofilm in more than one way: desorption, detachment or dispersion, Current Opinion in Microbiology, vol.30, pp.67-78, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mib.2016.01.004

H. A. Raja, A. Kaur, T. El-elimat, M. Figueroa, R. Kumar et al., (L) Gaertn. (milk thistle), Phylogenetic and chemical diversity of fungal endophytes isolated from Silybum marianum (L) Gaertn. (milk thistle, pp.8-27, 2015.
DOI : 10.1127/0029-5035/2012/0024

P. B. Ratnaweera, D. E. Williams, E. D. De-silva, R. L. Wijesundera, D. S. Dalisay et al., endemic to Sri Lanka, Mycology, vol.38, issue.49, pp.23-28, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11274-011-0878-0

C. Riou, C. A. Calliste, D. Silva, A. Guillaumot, D. Rezazgui et al., Anionic porphyrin as a new powerful cell death inducer of Tobacco Bright Yellow-2 cells, Photochemical & Photobiological Sciences, vol.86, issue.4, p.621, 2014.
DOI : 10.1104/pp.86.2.619
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00939002

C. Roullier, M. Chollet-krugler, E. Pferschy-wenzig, A. Maillard, G. N. Rechberger et al., Characterization and identification of mycosporines-like compounds in cyanolichens. Isolation of mycosporine hydroxyglutamicol from Nephroma laevigatum Ach., Phytochemistry, vol.72, issue.11-12, pp.1348-1357, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytochem.2011.04.002
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00843484

C. Roux, Catalogue des lichens et champignons lichénicoles de France métropolitaine, 2017.

N. Saitou and M. Nei, The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees, Mol. Biol. Evol, vol.4, pp.406-425, 1987.

I. Sajid, K. A. Shaaban, and S. Hasnain, Identification, isolation and optimization of antifungal metabolites from the Streptomyces Malachitofuscus ctf9, Brazilian Journal of Microbiology, vol.42, issue.2, pp.592-604, 2011.
DOI : 10.1590/S1517-83822011000200024

L. G. Sancho, R. De-la-torre, G. Horneck, C. Ascaso, A. De-los-rios et al., Lichens Survive in Space: Results from the 2005 LICHENS Experiment, Lichens survive in space: results from the 2005 LICHENS experiment, pp.443-454, 2007.
DOI : 10.1089/ast.2006.0046

K. Scherlach, D. Boettger, N. Remme, and C. Hertweck, The chemistry and biology of cytochalasans, Natural Product Reports, vol.25, issue.144, p.869, 2010.
DOI : 10.7164/antibiotics.22.170

M. R. Seaward, 14 -Environmental role of lichens, pp.274-298, 2008.

P. Shannon, A. Markiel, O. Ozier, N. S. Baliga, J. T. Wang et al., Cytoscape: A Software Environment for Integrated Models of Biomolecular Interaction Networks, Genome Research, vol.13, issue.11, pp.2498-2504, 2003.
DOI : 10.1101/gr.1239303

K. Shiojima, Y. Arai, K. Masuda, T. Ageta, and H. Ageta, Mass Spectra of Pentacyclic Triterpenoids., CHEMICAL & PHARMACEUTICAL BULLETIN, vol.40, issue.7, pp.1683-1690, 1992.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.40.1683

G. Shrestha, . St, and L. L. Clair, Lichens: a promising source of antibiotic and anticancer drugs, Phytochemistry Reviews, vol.22, issue.1, pp.229-244, 2013.
DOI : 10.1002/ptr.2279

P. Shukla and D. K. Upreti, 12 -Lichen dyes: current scenario and future prospects, Recent Advances in, p.p, 2015.

V. Shukla, G. P. Joshi, and M. S. Rawat, Lichens as a potential natural source of bioactive compounds: a review, Phytochemistry Reviews, vol.2, issue.6, pp.303-314, 2010.
DOI : 10.1248/cpb.43.1388

A. F. Silva-hughes, D. E. Wedge, C. L. Cantrell, C. R. Carvalho, Z. Pan et al., Diversity and antifungal activity of the endophytic fungi associated with the native medicinal cactus Opuntia humifusa (Cactaceae) from the United States, Microbiological Research, vol.175, pp.67-77, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micres.2015.03.007

B. N. Singh, D. K. Upreti, V. K. Gupta, X. Dai, and Y. Jiang, Endolichenic Fungi: A Hidden Reservoir of Next Generation Biopharmaceuticals, Trends in Biotechnology, vol.35, issue.9, pp.808-813, 2017.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tibtech.2017.03.003

T. Spribille, V. Tuovinen, P. Resl, D. Vanderpool, H. Wolinski et al., Basidiomycete yeasts in the cortex of ascomycete macrolichens, Science, vol.2, issue.6298, pp.488-492, 2016.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1469-8137.2001.00122.x

P. ?r?tka, S. Pa?outová, and M. Kola?ík, Daldinia decipiens and Entonaema cinnabarina as fungal symbionts of Xiphydria wood wasps, Mycological Research, vol.111, issue.2, pp.224-231, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mycres.2006.10.006

M. Stadler, F. Flessa, G. Rambold, D. Per?oh, M. Stadler et al., Chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic studies of Thamnomyces (Xylariaceae), Mycoscience, vol.51, issue.3, pp.189-207, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/S10267-009-0028-9

T. V?trovský, M. Kola?ík, L. ?if?áková, T. Zelenka, and P. Baldrian, gene represents a viable alternative molecular marker for the analysis of environmental fungal communities, Molecular Ecology Resources, vol.75, issue.2, pp.388-401, 2016.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.00592-09

F. A. Villamena, Y. Liu, and J. L. Zweier, -Oxide. 4. Conformational Effects on the EPR Hyperfine Splitting Constants, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.112, issue.49, pp.12607-12615, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/jp8070579

G. Vlahov, Application of NMR to the study of olive oils, Progress in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy, vol.35, issue.4, pp.341-357, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6565(99)00015-1

M. Wainwright, Photodynamic antimicrobial chemotherapy (PACT), Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, vol.42, issue.1, pp.13-28, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/jac/42.1.13
URL : https://academic.oup.com/jac/article-pdf/42/1/13/9838023/420013.pdf

M. Wang, J. J. Carver, V. V. Phelan, L. M. Sanchez, N. Garg et al., Sharing and community curation of mass spectrometry data with Global Natural Products Social Molecular Networking, Nature Biotechnology, vol.34, issue.8, pp.828-837, 2016.
DOI : 10.1093/nar/gkv1042
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01371824

Q. Wang, L. Bao, X. Yang, H. Guo, B. Ren et al., Tricycloalternarenes F???H: Three new mixed terpenoids produced by an endolichenic fungus Ulocladium sp. using OSMAC method, Fitoterapia, vol.85, pp.8-13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fitote.2012.12.029

Q. Wang, L. Bao, X. Yang, D. Liu, H. Guo et al., Ophiobolins P???T, five new cytotoxic and antibacterial sesterterpenes from the endolichenic fungus Ulocladium sp., Fitoterapia, vol.90, pp.220-227, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.08.002

P. Wattana-amorn, W. Charoenwongsa, C. Williams, M. P. Crump, and B. Apichaisataienchote, Antibacterial activity of cyclo( L -Pro-L -Tyr) and cyclo( D - Pro-L -Tyr) from Streptomyces sp, 2016.

W. Wei, S. Lin, D. Liu, and W. , The distinct mechanisms of the antitumor activity of emodin in different types of cancer (Review), Oncology Reports, vol.30, issue.6, pp.2555-2562, 2013.
DOI : 10.3892/or.2013.2741

F. J. White, J. , and P. W. , Abstract, The Lichenologist, vol.20, issue.02, pp.103-166, 1988.
DOI : 10.1017/S0024282988000167

T. J. White, T. Bruns, S. Lee, T. , and J. , AMPLIFICATION AND DIRECT SEQUENCING OF FUNGAL RIBOSOMAL RNA GENES FOR PHYLOGENETICS, pp.315-322, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-372180-8.50042-1

E. M. Wijeratne, B. P. Bashyal, M. X. Liu, D. D. Rocha, G. M. Gunaherath et al., Geopyxins A?E, ent -Kaurane diterpenoids from endolichenic fungal strains Geopyxis aff. majalis and Geopyxis sp, AZ0066: Structure?activity relationships of Geopyxins and their analogues, 2012.

A. L. Wilkins, Nephrin: Structure and occurrence in Nephroma species, Phytochemistry, vol.19, issue.4, pp.696-697, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-9422(80)87045-2

H. Wu, L. Chen, C. , and C. , Probing reactive sites for ion-molecule reactions of anthraquinones with dimethyl ether using an external source ion trap tandem mass spectrometer and computational chemistry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.44, issue.21, pp.1977-1987, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-2144-6

Y. Wu, G. Chen, C. Wang, D. Hu, X. Li et al., sp., Journal of Asian Natural Products Research, vol.17, issue.6, pp.671-675, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/np010599w
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01727325

S. Yan, S. Li, W. Wu, F. Zhao, L. Bao et al., Terpenoid and Phenolic Metabolites from the Fungus Xylaria sp. Associated with Termite Nests, Chemistry & Biodiversity, vol.47, issue.9, pp.1689-1700, 2011.
DOI : 10.1126/science.149.3680.202

W. Yang and M. A. Bernards, Metabolite profiling of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers during wound-induced suberization, Metabolomics, vol.1, issue.2, pp.147-159, 2007.
DOI : 10.4161/psb.1.2.2433

J. Y. Yang, L. M. Sanchez, C. M. Rath, X. Liu, P. D. Boudreau et al., Molecular Networking as a Dereplication Strategy, Journal of Natural Products, vol.76, issue.9, pp.1686-1699, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/np400413s

I. Yoshimura, Y. Kinoshita, Y. Yamamoto, S. Huneck, and Y. Yamada, Analysis of secondary metabolites from Lichen by high performance liquid chromatography with a photodiode array detector, Phytochemical Analysis, vol.6, issue.4, pp.197-205, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/pca.2800050405

C. Yu, X. Zhang, L. Kang, P. Zhang, W. Chen et al., Emodin induces apoptosis in human prostate cancer cell LNCaP, Asian Journal of Andrology, vol.10, issue.4, pp.625-634, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1745-7262.2008.00397.x

C. Yuan, H. Wang, C. Wu, Y. Jiao, M. Li et al., Austdiol, fulvic acid and citromycetin derivatives from an endolichenic fungus, Myxotrichum sp., Phytochemistry Letters, vol.6, issue.4, pp.662-666, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.phytol.2013.08.011

X. Yuan, S. Xiao, T. , and T. N. , Lichen-Like Symbiosis 600 Million Years Ago, Science, vol.308, issue.5724, pp.1017-1020, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1111347

L. Zedda, R. , and G. , The Diversity of Lichenised Fungi: Ecosystem Functions and Ecosystem Services, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/978-81-322-2235-4_7

K. Zhang, J. Ren, M. Ge, L. Li, L. Guo et al., Mono- and bis-furanone derivatives from the endolichenic fungus Peziza sp., Fitoterapia, vol.92, pp.79-84, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.10.011

T. Zhang, X. Wei, Y. Zhang, H. Liu, Y. et al., Diversity and distribution of lichen-associated fungi in the Ny-Ålesund Region (Svalbard, High Arctic) as revealed by 454 pyrosequencing. Sci. Rep. 5, 2015.

J. Zhao, Y. Mou, T. Shan, Y. Li, L. Zhou et al., Antimicrobial Metabolites from the Endophytic Fungus Pichia guilliermondii Isolated from Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis, Molecules, vol.15, issue.11, pp.7961-7970, 2010.
DOI : 10.3390/molecules15117961

M. Zhao, T. Gödecke, J. Gunn, J. Duan, C. et al., Protostane and Fusidane Triterpenes: A Mini-Review, Molecules, vol.11, issue.4, pp.4054-4080, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/cid/cir170
URL : http://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/18/4/4054/pdf

Q. Zhao, G. Wang, G. Chen, D. Hu, X. Li et al., Nodulisporisteroids C???L, new 4-methyl-progesteroid derivatives from Nodulisporium sp., Steroids, vol.102, pp.101-109, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.steroids.2015.08.004

Q. Zhao, G. Chen, X. Feng, Y. Yu, R. He et al., sp., Journal of Natural Products, vol.78, issue.6, pp.1221-1230, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/np500912t
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00879867

Q. Zheng, G. Chen, M. Kong, G. Li, J. Cui et al., Nodulisporisteriods A and B, the first 3,4-seco-4-methyl-progesteroids from Nodulisporium sp., Steroids, vol.78, issue.9, pp.896-901, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.steroids.2013.05.007

Q. Zheng, M. Kong, Q. Zhao, G. Chen, H. Tian et al., Chaetoglobosin Y, a new cytochalasan from Chaetomium globosum, Fitoterapia, vol.93, pp.126-131, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fitote.2013.12.022

W. F. Zopf, Die Flechtenstoffe in chemischer, botanischer, pharmakologischer und technischer beziehung, 1907.

É. Répartition and D. , 25 I.3. Morphologies et anatomies des lichens. 28 I.5. Les différents types de reproduction chez les lichens, Le genre Nephroma, p.32

I. Chapitre and .. Métabolites-lichéniques, 37 II.1. Voies de biosynthèse, 38 II.2. Composés isolés de Nephroma laevigatum, p.42

I. Chapitre and .. Résultats-et-discussion, 43 III.1. Récolte et identification de Nephroma laevigatum 43 III.2. Extractions successives, p.68

I. Chapitre and .. Les-champignons-endolichéniques, 73 I.1. Origine et évolution. 73 I.2. Classification et diversité, p.77

I. Chapitre and D. Résultats, 85 II.1. Isolement et identification des champignons endolichéniques 85 II.2. Description morphologique 90 II.3. Tests préliminaires de production de métabolites 98 II.6. Évaluation des activités biologiques des extraits fongiques 1 ; Gir_20), 114 II.9. Étude phytochimique de la souche Cor_08 : Nemania serpens, p.135

I. Chapitre and .. Récolte-et-identification-de-nephroma-laevigatum, 143 I.1. Observation à la loupe binoculaire et microscope optique, p.143

I. Chapitre and .. Méthodes-analytiques, 150 IV.1. Réactifs et solvants 150 IV.2. Chromatographie sur couche mince analytique (CCM), 150 IV.4. Chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CLHP-MS) ? Analyses basses résolutions 151 IV.5. Chromatographie liquide haute performance couplée à la spectrométrie de masse (CLHP-MS) ? Analyses hautes résolutions 151 IV.6. Spectroscopie de Résonance Magnétique Nucléaire (RMN) ................................................. 152 IV.7. Spectre de masse haute résolution (SMHR), p.153

V. Chapitre and .. Méthodes-de-séparation, 154 V.1. Chromatographie sur couche mince préparative (CCM prép) 154 V.2. Chromatographie liquide moyenne pression (CLMP), p.154

V. Chapitre and .. Techniques-de-fractionnements, 157 VII.1. Purifications des fractions lichéniques, 157 VII.2. Purifications des fractions issues de 158 VII.3. Purifications des fractions issues de Cor_08, p.159

V. Chapitre and .. Évaluation-des-activités-biologiques, 160 VIII.1. Activités antiprolifératives 160 VIII.2. Activité anti-biofilm fongique, 165 VIII.4. Évaluation de la production d'Espèces Réactives de l'Oxygène (EROs) par Résonance Paramagnétique Électronique, p.169