J. M. Aran, C. Portmann, J. Delaunay, J. Pelerin, and J. Lenoir, The electro-cochleogram, Archiv f???r Klinische und Experimentelle Ohren- Nasen- und Kehlkopfheilkunde, vol.252, issue.1, pp.615-634, 1969.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00419529

P. M. Backoff, P. Shadduck-palombi, C. , and D. M. , ??-Aminobutyric acidergic and glycinergic inputs shape coding of amplitude modulation in the chinchilla cochlear nucleus, Hearing Research, vol.134, issue.1-2, pp.77-88, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00071-4

S. M. Baig, A. Koschak, A. Lieb, M. Gebhart, C. Dafinger et al., Loss of Cav1.3 (CACNA1D) function in a human channelopathy with bradycardia and congenital deafness, Nature Neuroscience, vol.2, issue.1, pp.77-84, 2011.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3411-05.2005

J. Bao, D. Lei, Y. Du, K. K. Ohlemiller, A. L. Beaudet et al., Requirement of nicotinic acetylcholine receptor subunit beta2 in the maintenance of spiral ganglion neurons during aging, J, 2005.

K. Barsz, J. R. Ison, K. B. Snell, W. , and J. P. , Behavioral and neural measures of auditory temporal acuity in aging humans and mice, Neurobiology of Aging, vol.23, issue.4, pp.565-578, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-4580(02)00008-8

C. Batrel, A. Huet, F. Hasselmann, J. Wang, G. Desmadryl et al., Mass Potentials Recorded at the Round Window Enable the Detection of Low Spontaneous Rate Fibers in Gerbil Auditory Nerve, PLOS ONE, vol.97, issue.1, 2017.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0169890.g006

G. Von-békésy, . Model, . To, . The, . Flow et al., SIMPLIFIED MODEL TO DEMONSTRATE THE ENERGY FLOW AND FORMATION OF TRAVELING WAVES SIMILAR TO THOSE FOUND IN THE COCHLEA, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.42, issue.12, pp.930-944, 1956.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.42.12.930

N. Benkafadar, J. Menardo, J. Bourien, R. Nouvian, F. François et al., Reversible p53 inhibition prevents cisplatin??ototoxicity without blocking chemotherapeutic efficacy, EMBO Molecular Medicine, vol.9, issue.1, pp.7-26, 2017.
DOI : 10.15252/emmm.201606230
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01427877

M. E. Benser, R. E. Marquis, and A. J. Hudspeth, Rapid, active hair bundle movements in hair cells from the bullfrog's sacculus, J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.5629-5643, 1996.

L. R. Betts, A. B. Sekuler, and P. J. Bennett, The effects of aging on orientation discrimination, Vision Research, vol.47, issue.13, pp.1769-1780, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.visres.2007.02.016

C. Blanchet, C. Eróstegui, M. Sugasawa, and D. Dulon, Acetylcholine-induced potassium current of guinea pig outer hair cells: its dependence on a calcium influx through nicotinic-like receptors, J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci, vol.16, pp.2574-2584, 1996.

R. P. Bobbin and T. Konishi, Acetylcholine mimics Crossed Olivocochlear Bundle Stimulation, Nature New Biology, vol.231, issue.24, pp.222-223, 1971.
DOI : 10.1038/newbio231222a0

J. Bourien, Y. Tang, C. Batrel, A. Huet, M. Lenoir et al., Contribution of auditory nerve fibers to compound action potential of the auditory nerve, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.76, issue.5, pp.1025-1039, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(90)90120-E

A. Brandt, J. Striessnig, and T. Moser, CaV1.3 channels are essential for development and presynaptic activity of cochlear inner hair cells, J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci, vol.23, pp.10832-10840, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00757396

C. H. Brown, Directional hearing in aging rats, Experimental Aging Research, vol.25, issue.1, pp.35-38, 1984.
DOI : 10.1093/geronj/25.4.373

W. E. Brownell, C. R. Bader, D. Bertrand, and Y. De-ribaupierre, Evoked mechanical responses of isolated cochlear outer hair cells, Science, vol.227, issue.4683, pp.194-196, 1985.
DOI : 10.1126/science.3966153

B. N. Buran, N. Strenzke, A. Neef, E. D. Gundelfinger, T. Moser et al., Onset Coding Is Degraded in Auditory Nerve Fibers from Mutant Mice Lacking Synaptic Ribbons, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.22, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0389-10.2010

M. C. Casimiro, B. C. Knollmann, S. N. Ebert, J. C. Vary, A. E. Greene et al., Targeted disruption of the Kcnq1 gene produces a mouse model of Jervell and Lange- Nielsen Syndrome, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 98, pp.2526-2531, 2001.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI10897

D. M. Caspary, P. S. Palombi, and L. F. Hughes, GABAergic inputs shape responses to amplitude modulated stimuli in the inferior colliculus, Hearing Research, vol.168, issue.1-2, pp.163-173, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(02)00363-5

D. M. Caspary, T. A. Schatteman, and L. F. Hughes, Age-Related Changes in the Inhibitory Response Properties of Dorsal Cochlear Nucleus Output Neurons: Role of Inhibitory Inputs, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.47, pp.10952-10959, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2451-05.2005

Y. Cazals and Z. W. Huang, Average spectrum of cochlear activity: a possible synchronized firing, its olivo-cochlear feedback and alterations under anesthesia, Hearing Research, vol.101, issue.1-2, pp.81-92, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(96)00135-9

Y. Cazals, K. C. Horner, and Z. W. Huang, Alterations in Average Spectrum of Cochleoneural Activity by Long-Term Salicylate Treatment in the Guinea Pig: A Plausible Index of Tinnitus, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.1, issue.4, pp.2113-2120, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(96)00047-0

M. A. Cheatham, K. H. Huynh, J. Gao, J. Zuo, D. et al., knockout mice, The Journal of Physiology, vol.405, issue.3, pp.821-830, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/35012009

K. Christensen, H. Frederiksen, and H. J. Hoffman, Genetic and Environmental Influences on Self-Reported Reduced Hearing in the Old and Oldest Old, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.17, issue.188, pp.1512-1517, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01068136

B. Cone-wesson, R. C. Dowell, D. Tomlin, G. Rance, M. et al., The auditory steady-state response: comparisons with the auditory brainstem response, J. Am. Acad. Audiol, vol.13, pp.173-187, 2002.

J. C. Cooper and G. A. Gates, Hearing in the Elderly???The Framingham Cohort, 1983-1985, Ear and Hearing, vol.12, issue.5, pp.304-311, 1991.
DOI : 10.1097/00003446-199110000-00002

N. P. Cooper, D. Robertson, and G. K. Yates, Cochlear nerve fiber responses to amplitude-modulated stimuli: variations with spontaneous rate and other response characteristics, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.70, issue.1, pp.370-386, 1993.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1993.70.1.370

J. A. Costalupes, E. D. Young, and D. J. Gibson, Effects of continuous noise backgrounds on rate response of auditory nerve fibers in cat, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.51, issue.6, pp.1326-1344, 1984.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1984.51.6.1326

A. C. Crawford and R. Fettiplace, The mechanical properties of ciliary bundles of turtle cochlear hair cells., The Journal of Physiology, vol.364, issue.1, pp.359-379, 1985.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1985.sp015750

K. J. Cruickshanks, T. L. Wiley, T. S. Tweed, B. E. Klein, R. Klein et al., Prevalence of Hearing Loss in Older Adults in Beaver Dam, Wisconsin: The Epidemiology of Hearing Loss Study, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.148, issue.9, pp.879-886, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.aje.a009713

P. Dallos, H. , and D. , Properties of auditory nerve responses in absence of outer hair cells, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.41, issue.2, 1978.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1978.41.2.365

D. S. Dalton, K. J. Cruickshanks, R. Klein, B. E. Klein, W. et al., Association of NIDDM and Hearing Loss, Diabetes Care, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1540-1544, 1998.
DOI : 10.2337/diacare.21.9.1540

D. S. Dalton, K. J. Cruickshanks, T. L. Wiley, B. E. Klein, R. Klein et al., Association of leisure-time noise exposure and hearing loss, Audiol. Off. Organ Int. Soc. Audiol, vol.40, pp.1-9, 2001.

K. N. Darrow, S. F. Maison, and M. C. Liberman, Cochlear efferent feedback balances interaural sensitivity, Nature Neuroscience, vol.130, issue.12, pp.1474-1476, 2006.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.130.5.660
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1806686/pdf

K. N. Darrow, S. F. Maison, and M. C. Liberman, Selective Removal of Lateral Olivocochlear Efferents Increases Vulnerability to Acute Acoustic Injury, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.97, issue.2, pp.1775-1785, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990329)406:1<72::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-A

R. I. Davis, W. A. Ahroon, and R. P. Hamernik, The relation among hearing loss, sensory cell loss and tuning characteristics in the chinchilla, Hearing Research, vol.41, issue.1, pp.1-14, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(89)90173-1

R. R. Davis, J. K. Newlander, X. Ling, G. A. Cortopassi, E. F. Krieg et al., Genetic basis for susceptibility to noise-induced hearing loss in mice, Hearing Research, vol.155, issue.1-2, pp.82-90, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00250-7

R. R. Davis, P. Kozel, and L. C. Erway, Genetic influences in individual susceptibility to noise: a review, Noise Health, vol.5, pp.19-28, 2003.

S. Delmaghani, J. Defourny, A. Aghaie, M. Beurg, D. Dulon et al., Hypervulnerability to Sound Exposure through Impaired Adaptive Proliferation of Peroxisomes, Cell, vol.163, issue.4, pp.894-906, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2015.10.023
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-01230439

E. Delpire, J. Lu, R. England, C. Dull, and T. Thorne, Deafness and imbalance associated with inactivation of the secretory Na-K-2Cl co-transporter, Nature Genetics, vol.22, issue.2, pp.192-195, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/9713

W. Denk, W. , and W. W. , Forward and reverse transduction at the limit of sensitivity studied by correlating electrical and mechanical fluctuations in frog saccular hair cells, Hearing Research, vol.60, issue.1, pp.89-102, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(92)90062-R

O. Dick, S. Tom-dieck, W. D. Altrock, J. Ammermüller, R. Weiler et al., The Presynaptic Active Zone Protein Bassoon Is Essential for Photoreceptor Ribbon Synapse Formation in the Retina, Neuron, vol.37, issue.5, pp.775-786, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(03)00086-2

M. J. Dixon, J. Gazzard, S. S. Chaudhry, N. Sampson, B. A. Schulte et al., Mutation of the Na-K-Cl Co-Transporter Gene Slc12a2 Results in Deafness in Mice, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.8, issue.8, pp.1579-1584, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/8.8.1579

D. F. Dolan, A. L. Nuttall, and G. Avinash, Asynchronous neural activity recorded from the round window, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.87, issue.6, pp.2621-2627, 1990.
DOI : 10.1121/1.399054

A. Dreyer and B. Delgutte, Phase Locking of Auditory-Nerve Fibers to the Envelopes of High-Frequency Sounds: Implications for Sound Localization, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.96, issue.5, pp.2327-2341, 2006.
DOI : 10.1162/089976605774320584

Z. Du, Q. Yang, L. Liu, S. Li, J. Zhao et al., NADPH oxidase 2-dependent oxidative stress, mitochondrial damage and apoptosis in the ventral cochlear nucleus of d-galactose-induced aging rats, Neuroscience, vol.286, pp.281-292, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.061

J. R. Dubno, D. D. Dirks, M. , and D. E. , Effects of age and mild hearing loss on speech recognition in noise, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.76, issue.1, pp.87-96, 1984.
DOI : 10.1121/1.391011

J. J. Eggermont, Electrophysiological study of the normal and pathological human cochlea. II. Neural responses, Rev. Laryngol. -Otol. -Rhinol, vol.97, pp.497-506, 1976.

J. J. Eggermont, Temporal Modulation Transfer Functions in Cat Primary Auditory Cortex: Separating Stimulus Effects From Neural Mechanisms, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.75, issue.1, pp.305-321, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(91)90295-Y

C. Eisdorfer and F. Wilkie, Auditory Changes in the Aged: A Follow-Up Study*, Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, vol.65, issue.8, pp.377-382, 1972.
DOI : 10.1288/00005537-195512000-00004

A. B. Elgoyhen, D. S. Johnson, J. Boulter, D. E. Vetter, and S. Heinemann, ??9: An acetylcholine receptor with novel pharmacological properties expressed in rat cochlear hair cells, Cell, vol.79, issue.4, pp.705-715, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(94)90555-X

A. B. Elgoyhen, D. E. Vetter, E. Katz, C. V. Rothlin, S. F. Heinemann et al., ??10: A determinant of nicotinic cholinergic receptor function in mammalian vestibular and cochlear mechanosensory hair cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.288, issue.5475, pp.3501-3506, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.288.5475.2366

C. Erostegui, A. P. Nenov, C. H. Norris, and R. P. Bobbin, Acetylcholine activates a K+ conductance permeable to Cs+ in guinea pig outer hair cells, Hearing Research, vol.81, issue.1-2, pp.119-129, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90159-7

C. Erostegui, C. H. Norris, and R. P. Bobbin, In vitro pharmacologic characterization of a cholinergic receptor on outer hair cells, Hearing Research, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.135-147, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90182-1

L. C. Erway, J. F. Willott, J. R. Archer, H. , and D. E. , Genetics of age-related hearing loss in mice: I. Inbred and F1 hybrid strains, Hearing Research, vol.65, issue.1-2, pp.125-132, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(93)90207-H

L. C. Erway, Y. W. Shiau, R. R. Davis, and E. F. Krieg, Genetics of age-related hearing loss in mice, 1996.

M. G. Evans, Acetylcholine activates two currents in guinea-pig outer hair cells., The Journal of Physiology, vol.491, issue.2, pp.563-578, 1996.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021240

E. F. Evans and R. Klinke, The effects of intracochlear cyanide and tetrodotoxin on the properties of single cochlear nerve fibres in the cat., The Journal of Physiology, vol.331, issue.1, pp.385-408, 1982.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1982.sp014378

M. Eybalin, Neurotransmitters and neuromodulators of the mammalian cochlea., Physiological Reviews, vol.73, issue.2, pp.309-373, 1993.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.1993.73.2.309

R. Fettiplace and C. M. Hackney, The sensory and motor roles of auditory hair cells, Nature Reviews Neuroscience, vol.354, issue.1, pp.19-29, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90040-X

P. J. Fitzgibbons and S. Gordon-salant, Age effects on duration discrimination with simple and complex stimuli, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.98, issue.6, pp.3140-3145, 1995.
DOI : 10.1121/1.413803

P. J. Fitzgibbons, S. Gordon-salant, and S. A. Friedman, Effects of age and sequence presentation rate on temporal order recognition, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.120, issue.2, pp.991-999, 2006.
DOI : 10.1121/1.2214463

M. Flagella, L. L. Clarke, M. L. Miller, L. C. Erway, R. A. Giannella et al., Mice Lacking the Basolateral Na-K-2Cl Cotransporter Have Impaired Epithelial Chloride Secretion and Are Profoundly Deaf, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.84, issue.38, pp.26946-26955, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/273377a0

T. Frank, D. Khimich, A. Neef, and T. Moser, Mechanisms contributing to synaptic Ca2+ signals and their heterogeneity in hair cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.87, issue.6, pp.4483-4488, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nature03418

T. Frank, M. A. Rutherford, N. Strenzke, A. Neef, T. Pangr?i? et al., Bassoon and the Synaptic Ribbon Organize Ca2+ Channels and Vesicles to Add Release Sites and Promote Refilling, Neuron, vol.68, issue.4, pp.724-738, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2010.10.027

R. L. Freyman, N. , and D. A. , Frequency Discrimination as a Function of Signal Frequency and Level in Normal-Hearing and Hearing-Impaired Listeners, Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, vol.34, issue.6, pp.1371-1386, 1991.
DOI : 10.1044/jshr.3406.1371

R. A. Friedman, Y. Adir, E. B. Crenshaw, A. F. Ryan, and M. G. Rosenfeld, A transgenic insertional inner ear mutation on mouse chromosome 1. The Laryngoscope 110, pp.489-496, 2000.

R. A. Friedman, L. Van-laer, M. J. Huentelman, S. S. Sheth, E. Van-eyken et al., GRM7 variants confer susceptibility to age-related hearing impairment, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.18, issue.4, pp.785-796, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddn402
URL : https://academic.oup.com/hmg/article-pdf/18/4/785/17248694/ddn402.pdf

D. R. Frisina and R. D. Frisina, Speech recognition in noise and presbycusis: relations to possible neural mechanisms, Hearing Research, vol.106, issue.1-2, pp.95-104, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(97)00006-3

P. Froehlich, L. Collet, and A. Morgon, [Effect of attention on audition. Contribution of the study of the olivocochlear efferent system]. Ann. Oto-Laryngol, pp.519-520, 1990.

P. A. Fuchs and B. W. Murrow, Cholinergic inhibition of short (outer) hair cells of the chick's cochlea, J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci, vol.12, pp.800-809, 1992.

A. C. Furman, S. G. Kujawa, and M. C. Liberman, Noise-induced cochlear neuropathy is selective for fibers with low spontaneous rates, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.76, issue.3, pp.577-586, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(90)90120-E

S. Galas, M. Château, P. Pomiès, J. Wang, J. Menardo et al., [The diversity of aging models, Med. Sci. MS, vol.28, pp.297-304, 2012.

G. A. Gates, Research Development in Training Programs, Archives of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, vol.112, issue.8, pp.821-822, 1986.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1986.03780080021003

G. A. Gates, C. , and J. C. , Incidence of Hearing Decline in the Elderly, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.61, issue.2, pp.240-248, 1991.
DOI : 10.3109/00016487009123376

G. A. Gates, J. C. Cooper, W. B. Kannel, and N. J. Miller, Hearing in the Elderly, Ear and Hearing, vol.11, issue.4, pp.247-256, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00003446-199008000-00001

G. A. Gates, N. N. Couropmitree, and R. H. Myers, Genetic Associations in Age-Related Hearing Thresholds, Archives of Otolaryngology???Head & Neck Surgery, vol.125, issue.6, pp.654-659, 1999.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.125.6.654

R. H. Gifford, S. P. Bacon, W. , and E. J. , An Examination of Speech Recognition in a Modulated Background and of Forward Masking in Younger and Older Listeners, Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, vol.50, issue.4, pp.857-864, 2007.
DOI : 10.1044/1092-4388(2007/060)

E. Glowatzki and P. A. Fuchs, Transmitter release at the hair cell ribbon synapse, Nature Neuroscience, vol.5, issue.2, pp.147-154, 2002.
DOI : 10.1038/nn796

J. M. Goldberg and P. B. Brown, Response of binaural neurons of dog superior olivary complex to dichotic tonal stimuli: some physiological mechanisms of sound localization., Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.32, issue.4, pp.613-636, 1969.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1969.32.4.613

T. Goossens, C. Vercammen, J. Wouters, and A. Van-wieringen, Aging Affects Neural Synchronization to Speech-Related Acoustic Modulations, Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, vol.36, issue.320, p.133, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3956(02)00020-1

S. Gordon-salant and P. J. Fitzgibbons, Temporal Factors and Speech Recognition Performance in Young and Elderly Listeners, Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, vol.36, issue.6, pp.1276-1285, 1993.
DOI : 10.1044/jshr.3606.1276

J. D. Goutman and E. Glowatzki, Time course and calcium dependence of transmitter release at a single ribbon synapse, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.513, issue.1, pp.16341-16346, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7793.1998.135by.x

L. Grant, E. Yi, and E. Glowatzki, Two Modes of Release Shape the Postsynaptic Response at the Inner Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.30, issue.12, pp.4210-4220, 2010.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4439-09.2010

M. A. Gratton and B. A. Schulte, Alterations in microvasculature are associated with atrophy of the stria vascularis in quiet-aged gerbils, Hearing Research, vol.82, issue.1, pp.44-52, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(94)00161-I

C. C. Greene, P. M. Mcmillan, S. E. Barker, P. Kurnool, M. I. Lomax et al., DFNA25, a Novel Locus for Dominant Nonsyndromic Hereditary Hearing Impairment, Maps to 12q21-24, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.68, issue.1, pp.254-260, 2001.
DOI : 10.1086/316925

F. D. Gregory, K. E. Bryan, T. Pangr?i?, I. E. Calin-jageman, T. Moser et al., Harmonin inhibits presynaptic Cav1.3 Ca2+ channels in mouse inner hair cells, Nature Neuroscience, vol.459, issue.9, pp.1109-1111, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00424-009-0711-x
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3164920/pdf

Y. Guo, C. Zhang, X. Du, U. Nair, and T. Yoo, Morphological and functional alterations of the cochlea in apolipoprotein E gene deficient mice, Hearing Research, vol.208, issue.1-2, pp.54-67, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2005.05.010

D. M. Harris, D. , and P. , Forward masking of auditory nerve fiber responses, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.42, issue.4, pp.1083-1107, 1979.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1979.42.4.1083

J. E. Hawkins, Comparative Otopathology: Aging, Noise, and Ototoxic Drugs, Adv. Otorhinolaryngol, vol.20, pp.125-141, 1973.
DOI : 10.1159/000393093

N. He, J. R. Dubno, and J. H. Mills, Frequency and intensity discrimination measured in a maximum-likelihood procedure from young and aged normal-hearing subjects, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.103, issue.1, pp.553-565, 1998.
DOI : 10.1121/1.421127

K. R. Henry, Age-Related Auditory Loss and Genetics: An Electrocochleographic Comparison of Six Inbred Strains of Mice, Journal of Gerontology, vol.37, issue.3, pp.275-282, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/geronj/37.3.275

M. S. Hildebrand, M. G. De-silva, T. Klockars, E. Rose, M. Price et al., Characterisation of DRASIC in the mouse inner ear, Hearing Research, vol.190, issue.1-2, pp.149-160, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(04)00015-2

R. Hinchcliffe, The age function of hearing???aspects of the epidemiology, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.205, issue.sup476, 1990.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1979.0083

R. H. Holme and K. P. Steel, Progressive Hearing Loss and Increased Susceptibility to Noise-Induced Hearing Loss in Mice Carrying a Cdh23 but not a Myo7a Mutation, JARO - Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.5, issue.1, pp.66-79, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10162-003-4021-2

M. Holt, A. Cooke, A. Neef, and L. Lagnado, High Mobility of Vesicles Supports Continuous Exocytosis at a Ribbon Synapse, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.3, pp.173-183, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2003.12.053

W. A. Hossain, S. D. Antic, Y. Yang, M. N. Rasband, and D. K. Morest, Where Is the Spike Generator of the Cochlear Nerve? Voltage-Gated Sodium Channels in the Mouse Cochlea, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.29, pp.6857-6868, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0123-05.2005

G. D. Housley and J. F. Ashmore, Direct Measurement of the Action of Acetylcholine on Isolated Outer Hair Cells of the Guinea Pig Cochlea, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.244, issue.1310, pp.161-167, 1991.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1991.0065

J. Howard and A. J. Hudspeth, Mechanical relaxation of the hair bundle mediates adaptation in mechanoelectrical transduction by the bullfrog's saccular hair cell., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.84, issue.9, pp.3064-3068, 1987.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.84.9.3064

G. Huang, S. , and J. , Motility voltage sensor of the outer hair cell resides within the lateral plasma membrane., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.91, issue.25, pp.12268-12272, 1994.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.91.25.12268

A. Huet, C. Batrel, Y. Tang, G. Desmadryl, J. Wang et al., Sound coding in the auditory nerve of gerbils, Hearing Research, vol.338, pp.32-39, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2016.05.006

N. P. Issa and A. J. Hudspeth, Clustering of Ca2+ channels and Ca(2+)-activated K+ channels at fluorescently labeled presynaptic active zones of hair cells., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.91, issue.16, pp.7578-7582, 1994.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.91.16.7578

N. P. Issa and A. J. Hudspeth, The entry and clearance of Ca2+ at individual presynaptic active zones of hair cells from the bullfrog's sacculus., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.93, issue.18, pp.9527-9532, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.18.9527

F. Jaramillo and K. Wiesenfeld, Mechanoelectrical transduction assisted by Brownian motion: a role for noise in the auditory system, Nature Neuroscience, vol.86, issue.5, pp.384-388, 1998.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.86.8.2918

K. R. Johnson and Q. Y. Zheng, Ahl2, a Second Locus Affecting Age-Related Hearing Loss in Mice, Genomics, vol.80, issue.5, pp.461-464, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/geno.2002.6858

K. R. Johnson, L. C. Erway, S. A. Cook, J. F. Willott, and Q. Y. Zheng, A major gene affecting age-related hearing loss in C57BL/6J mice, Hearing Research, vol.114, issue.1-2, pp.83-92, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(97)00155-X

K. R. Johnson, Q. Y. Zheng, Y. Bykhovskaya, O. Spirina, and N. Fischel-ghodsian, A nuclearmitochondrial DNA interaction affecting hearing impairment in mice, Nature Genetics, vol.27, issue.2, pp.191-194, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/84831

S. L. Johnson, W. Marcotti, K. , and C. J. , dependence of exocytosis during development of mouse inner hair cells, The Journal of Physiology, vol.68, issue.1, pp.177-191, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(95)80305-X

S. L. Johnson, M. Beurg, W. Marcotti, and R. Fettiplace, Prestin-Driven Cochlear Amplification Is Not Limited by the Outer Hair Cell Membrane Time Constant, Neuron, vol.70, issue.6, pp.1143-1154, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2011.04.024

P. X. Joris, Y. , and T. C. , Responses to amplitude???modulated tones in the auditory nerve of the cat, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.91, issue.1, pp.215-232, 1992.
DOI : 10.1121/1.402757

P. X. Joris, C. E. Schreiner, R. , and A. , Neural Processing of Amplitude-Modulated Sounds, Physiological Reviews, vol.84, issue.2, pp.541-577, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-09562-1

J. Kaplan, S. Gerber, D. Bonneau, J. M. Rozet, O. Delrieu et al., A gene for usher syndrome type I (USH1A) maps to chromosome 14q, Genomics, vol.14, issue.4, pp.979-987, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/S0888-7543(05)80120-X

Y. Katsuki, T. Sumi, H. Uchiyama, and T. Watanabe, ELECTRIC RESPONSES OF AUDITORY NEURONS IN CAT TO SOUND STIMULATION, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.21, issue.6, pp.569-588, 1958.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1958.21.6.569

Y. Katsuki, K. Yanagisawa, and J. Kanzaki, Tetraethylammonium and Tetrodotoxin: Effects on Cochlear Potentials, Science, vol.151, issue.3717, pp.1544-1545, 1966.
DOI : 10.1126/science.151.3717.1544

T. Kawase and M. C. Liberman, Spatial organization of the auditory nerve according to spontaneous discharge rate, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.312-318, 1992.
DOI : 10.1177/000348946907800612

E. M. Keithley and M. L. Feldman, Hair cell counts in an age-graded series of rat cochleas, Hearing Research, vol.8, issue.3, pp.249-262, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(82)90017-X

E. M. Keithley, C. Canto, Q. Y. Zheng, X. Wang, N. Fischel-ghodsian et al., Cu/Zn superoxide dismutase and age-related hearing loss, Hearing Research, vol.209, issue.1-2, pp.76-85, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2005.06.009

N. Y. Kiang, J. M. Rho, C. C. Northrop, M. C. Liberman, R. et al., Hair-cell innervation by spiral ganglion cells in adult cats, Science, vol.217, issue.4555, pp.175-177, 1982.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7089553

U. Koch and B. Grothe, GABAergic and Glycinergic Inhibition Sharpens Tuning for Frequency Modulations in the Inferior Colliculus of the Big Brown Bat, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.68, issue.1, pp.71-82, 1998.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1992.68.5.1760

J. Koehnke and J. M. Besing, A Procedure for Testing Speech Intelligibility in a Virtual Listening Environment, Ear and Hearing, vol.17, issue.3, pp.211-217, 1996.
DOI : 10.1097/00003446-199606000-00004

T. Konishi and M. Mendelsohn, Effect of Ouabain on Cochlear Potentials and Endolymph Composition in Guinea Pigs, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.178, issue.1-6, pp.192-199, 1970.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02102610

T. Konishi and A. N. Salt, Permeability to potassium of the endolymph-perilymph barrier and its possible relation to hair cell function, Experimental Brain Research, vol.40, issue.4, pp.457-463, 1980.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00236154

A. S. Kozlov, T. Risler, and A. J. Hudspeth, Coherent motion of stereocilia assures the concerted gating of hair-cell transduction channels, Nature Neuroscience, vol.68, issue.1, pp.87-92, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(92)90062-R
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00961026

B. S. Krishna and M. N. Semple, Auditory Temporal Processing: Responses to Sinusoidally Amplitude-Modulated Tones in the Inferior Colliculus, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.77, issue.1, pp.255-273, 2000.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.324

V. Krull, L. E. Humes, and G. R. Kidd, Reconstructing Wholes From Parts, Ear and Hearing, vol.34, issue.2, pp.14-23, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/AUD.0b013e31826d0c27
URL : http://europepmc.org/articles/pmc3578970?pdf=render

W. Kuijpers, A. C. Van-der-vleuten, and S. L. Bonting, Cochlear Function and Sodium and Potassium Activated Adenosine Triphosphatase, Science, vol.157, issue.3791, pp.949-950, 1967.
DOI : 10.1126/science.157.3791.949

S. G. Kujawa and M. C. Liberman, Adding Insult to Injury: Cochlear Nerve Degeneration after "Temporary" Noise-Induced Hearing Loss, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.45, pp.14077-14085, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2845-09.2009

S. G. Kujawa, T. J. Glattke, M. Fallon, and R. P. Bobbin, Contralateral sound suppresses distortion product otoacoustic emissions through cholinergic mechanisms, Hearing Research, vol.68, issue.1, pp.97-106, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(93)90068-C

S. G. Kujawa, T. J. Glattke, M. Fallon, and R. P. Bobbin, A nicotinic-like receptor mediates suppression of distortion product otoacoustic emissions by contralateral sound, Hearing Research, vol.74, issue.1-2, pp.122-134, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90181-3

G. C. Kujoth, A. Hiona, T. D. Pugh, S. Someya, K. Panzer et al., Mitochondrial DNA Mutations, Oxidative Stress, and Apoptosis in Mammalian Aging, Science, vol.309, issue.5733, pp.481-484, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1112125

S. Kuwada, R. Batra, and V. L. Maher, Scalp potentials of normal and hearing-impaired subjects in response to sinusoidally amplitude-modulated tones, Hearing Research, vol.21, issue.2, pp.179-192, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(86)90038-9

L. Prell, C. G. Shore, S. E. Hughes, L. F. Bledsoe, and S. C. , Disruption of Lateral Efferent Pathways: Functional Changes in Auditory Evoked Responses, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.4, issue.2, pp.276-290, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s10162-002-3018-6

M. P. Lee, J. D. Ravenel, R. J. Hu, L. R. Lustig, G. Tomaselli et al., Targeted disruption of the Kvlqt1 gene causes deafness and gastric hyperplasia in mice, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.106, issue.12, pp.1447-1455, 2000.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI10897

E. D. Leigh-paffenroth, F. , and C. G. , Amplitude-Modulated Auditory Steady-State Responses in Younger and Older Listeners, Journal of the American Academy of Audiology, vol.17, issue.8, pp.582-597, 2006.
DOI : 10.3766/jaaa.17.8.5

D. Lenzi, J. W. Runyeon, J. Crum, M. H. Ellisman, and W. M. Roberts, Synaptic vesicle populations in saccular hair cells reconstructed by electron tomography, J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci, vol.19, pp.119-132, 1999.

D. Lenzi, J. Crum, M. H. Ellisman, and W. M. Roberts, Depolarization Redistributes Synaptic Membrane and Creates a Gradient of Vesicles on the Synaptic Body at a Ribbon Synapse, Neuron, vol.36, issue.4, pp.649-659, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(02)01025-5

V. A. Letts, A. Valenzuela, C. Dunbar, Q. Y. Zheng, K. R. Johnson et al., A new spontaneous mouse mutation in the Kcne1 gene, Mammalian Genome, vol.11, issue.10, pp.831-835, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003350010178

A. G. Leventhal, Y. Wang, M. Pu, Y. Zhou, M. et al., GABA and Its Agonists Improved Visual Cortical Function in Senescent Monkeys, Science, vol.300, issue.5620, pp.812-815, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1082874

H. S. Li and E. Borg, Age-related Loss of Auditory Sensitivity in Two Mouse Genotypes, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.107, issue.4, pp.827-834, 1991.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1981.00790380022006

G. Li, E. Keen, D. Andor-ardó, A. J. Hudspeth, V. Gersdorff et al., The Unitary Event Underlying Multiquantal EPSCs at a Hair Cell's Ribbon Synapse, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.23, pp.7558-7568, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0514-09.2009

M. C. Liberman, Auditory???nerve response from cats raised in a low???noise chamber, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.63, issue.2, pp.442-455, 1978.
DOI : 10.1121/1.381736

M. C. Liberman, Morphological differences among radial afferent fibers in the cat cochlea: An electron-microscopic study of serial sections, Hearing Research, vol.3, issue.1, pp.45-63, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(80)90007-6

M. C. Liberman, Single-neuron labeling in the cat auditory nerve, Science, vol.216, issue.4551, pp.1239-1241, 1982.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7079757

M. C. Liberman, Central projections of auditory-nerve fibers of differing spontaneous rate. I. Anteroventral cochlear nucleus, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.45, issue.2, pp.240-258, 1991.
DOI : 10.1001/archneurpsyc.1936.02260040149010

M. C. Liberman and L. W. Dodds, Single-neuron labeling and chronic cochlear pathology. III. Stereocilia damage and alterations of threshold tuning curves, Hearing Research, vol.16, issue.1, pp.55-74, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(84)90025-X

M. C. Liberman and M. E. Oliver, Morphometry of intracellularly labeled neurons of the auditory nerve: Correlations with functional properties, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.200, issue.2, pp.163-176, 1984.
DOI : 10.1002/cne.902230203

L. D. Liberman, H. Wang, and M. C. Liberman, Opposing Gradients of Ribbon Size and AMPA Receptor Expression Underlie Sensitivity Differences among Cochlear-Nerve/Hair-Cell Synapses, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.31, issue.3, pp.801-808, 2011.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3389-10.2011

M. C. Liberman, J. Gao, D. Z. He, X. Wu, S. Jia et al., Prestin is required for electromotility of the outer hair cell and for the cochlear amplifier, Nature, vol.78, issue.6904, pp.300-304, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(94)90046-9

H. W. Lin, A. C. Furman, S. G. Kujawa, and M. C. Liberman, Primary Neural Degeneration in the Guinea Pig Cochlea After Reversible Noise-Induced Threshold Shift, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.148, issue.5, pp.605-616, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(00)00161-1

J. J. Lister, J. D. Koehnke, and J. M. Besing, Binaural Gap Duration Discrimination in Listeners with Impaired Hearing and Normal Hearing, Ear and Hearing, vol.21, issue.2, pp.141-150, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00003446-200004000-00008

X. Z. Liu, J. Walsh, P. Mburu, J. Kendrick-jones, M. J. Cope et al., Mutations in the myosin VIIA gene cause non-syndromic recessive deafness, Nature Genetics, vol.103, issue.2, pp.188-190, 1997.
DOI : 10.1177/000348949410300602

S. F. Maison, J. C. Adams, and M. C. Liberman, Olivocochlear innervation in the mouse: Immunocytochemical maps, crossed versus uncrossed contributions, and transmitter colocalization, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.96, issue.3, pp.406-416, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-4416-5_7

C. A. Makary, J. Shin, S. G. Kujawa, M. C. Liberman, and S. N. Merchant, Age-Related Primary Cochlear Neuronal Degeneration in Human Temporal Bones, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.181, issue.6, pp.711-717, 2011.
DOI : 10.3109/00016488809098973

D. C. Marcus, N. Y. Marcus, and R. Thalmann, Changes in cation contents of stria vascularis with ouabain and potassium-free perfusion, Hearing Research, vol.4, issue.2, pp.149-160, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(81)90002-2

P. Martin and A. J. Hudspeth, Active hair-bundle movements can amplify a hair cell's response to oscillatory mechanical stimuli, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.91, issue.4, pp.14306-14311, 1999.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.91.4.1549

A. Matsubara, Y. Kawabata, Y. Takumi, S. Usami, H. Shinkawa et al., Quantitative immunogold cytochemistry reveals sources of glutamate release in inner ear ischemia, Acta Oto-Laryngol, pp.48-51, 1998.

W. J. Mclean, K. A. Smith, E. Glowatzki, and S. J. Pyott, Distribution of the Na,K-ATPase ?? Subunit in the Rat Spiral Ganglion and Organ of Corti, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.115, issue.Pt 2, pp.37-49, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-504250-5.50012-6

J. Menardo, Y. Tang, S. Ladrech, M. Lenoir, F. Casas et al., Oxidative Stress, Inflammation, and Autophagic Stress as the Key Mechanisms of Premature Age-Related Hearing Loss in SAMP8 Mouse Cochlea, Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, vol.16, issue.3, pp.263-274, 2012.
DOI : 10.1089/ars.2011.4037

J. R. Mendelson and C. Ricketts, Age-related temporal processing speed deterioration in auditory cortex, Hearing Research, vol.158, issue.1-2, pp.84-94, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00294-5

A. Merchan-perez and M. C. Liberman, Ultrastructural differences among afferent synapses on cochlear hair cells: Correlations with spontaneous discharge rate, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.57, issue.2, pp.208-221, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/newbio246053a0

C. Meric, C. , and L. , Visual attention and evoked otoacoustic emissions: A slight but real effect, International Journal of Psychophysiology, vol.12, issue.3, pp.233-235, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-8760(92)90061-F

A. C. Meyer, T. Frank, D. Khimich, G. Hoch, D. Riedel et al., Tuning of synapse number, structure and function in the cochlea, Nature Neuroscience, vol.16, issue.4, pp.444-453, 2009.
DOI : 10.1177/002215540405200101

J. H. Mills, F. A. Boettcher, and J. R. Dubno, Interaction of noise-induced permanent threshold shift and age-related threshold shift, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.101, issue.3, pp.1681-1686, 1997.
DOI : 10.1121/1.418152

T. Moser and D. Beutner, Kinetics of exocytosis and endocytosis at the cochlear inner hair cell afferent synapse of the mouse, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.3, issue.5, pp.883-888, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(95)00004-N

L. Moynihan, M. Houseman, V. Newton, R. Mueller, and N. Lench, DFNB20: a novel locus for autosomal recessive, non-syndromal sensorineural hearing loss maps to chromosome 11q25???qter, European Journal of Human Genetics, vol.7, issue.2, pp.243-246, 1999.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.ejhg.5200269

M. Müller, The cochlear place-frequency map of the adult and developing mongolian gerbil, Hearing Research, vol.94, issue.1-2, pp.148-156, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(95)00230-8

M. Müller and D. Robertson, Relationship between tone burst discharge pattern and spontaneous firing rate of auditory nerve fibres in the guinea pig, Hearing Research, vol.57, issue.1, pp.63-70, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(91)90075-K

J. Neef, A. Gehrt, A. V. Bulankina, A. C. Meyer, D. Riedel et al., The Ca2+ Channel Subunit ??2 Regulates Ca2+ Channel Abundance and Function in Inner Hair Cells and Is Required for Hearing, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.29, issue.34, pp.10730-10740, 2009.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1577-09.2009

D. A. Nelson, M. E. Stanton, and R. L. Freyman, A general equation describing frequency discrimination as a function of frequency and sensation level, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.73, issue.6, pp.2117-2123, 1983.
DOI : 10.1121/1.389579

S. Nemoto and T. Finkel, Ageing and the mystery at Arles, Nature, vol.2, issue.6988, pp.149-152, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01960

K. Noben-trauth, Q. Y. Zheng, K. R. Johnson, and P. M. Nishina, mdfw:A Deafness Susceptibility Locus That Interacts with Deaf Waddler (dfw), Genomics, vol.44, issue.3, pp.266-272, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/geno.1997.4869

D. M. Nondahl, K. J. Cruickshanks, T. L. Wiley, R. Klein, B. E. Klein et al., Recreational Firearm Use and Hearing Loss, Archives of Family Medicine, vol.9, issue.4, pp.352-357, 2000.
DOI : 10.1001/archfami.9.4.352

R. Nouvian, D. Beutner, T. D. Parsons, and T. Moser, Structure and Function of the Hair Cell Ribbon Synapse, Journal of Membrane Biology, vol.406, issue.2-3, pp.153-165, 2006.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1996.sp021519

N. Obholzer, S. Wolfson, J. G. Trapani, W. Mo, A. Nechiporuk et al., Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 3 Is Required for Synaptic Transmission in Zebrafish Hair Cells, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.28, issue.9, pp.2110-2118, 2008.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5230-07.2008

O. 'brien, W. J. Lingrel, J. B. Wallick, and E. T. , Ouabain binding kinetics of the rat alpha two and alpha three isoforms of the sodium-potassium adenosine triphosphate, Arch. Biochem. Biophys, vol.310, pp.32-39, 1994.

E. Oesterle, D. , and P. , Intracellular recordings from supporting cells in the organ of Corti, Hearing Research, vol.22, issue.1-3, pp.229-232, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(86)90099-7

K. K. Ohlemiller and P. M. Gagnon, Genetic dependence of cochlear cells and structures injured by noise, Hearing Research, vol.224, issue.1-2, pp.34-50, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2006.11.005

D. L. Oliver, Ascending efferent projections of the superior olivary complex, Microscopy Research and Technique, vol.117, issue.4, pp.355-363, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4612-4416-5_5

D. Oliver, D. Z. He, N. Klöcker, J. Ludwig, U. Schulte et al., Intracellular Anions as the Voltage Sensor of Prestin, the Outer Hair Cell Motor Protein, Science, vol.292, issue.5525, pp.2340-2343, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1060939

D. Oliver, A. M. Taberner, H. Thurm, M. Sausbier, C. Arntz et al., The Role of BKCa Channels in Electrical Signal Encoding in the Mammalian Auditory Periphery, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.26, issue.23, pp.6181-6189, 2006.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1047-06.2006

P. S. Palombi, C. , and D. M. , Responses of young and aged Fischer 344 rat inferior colliculus neurons to binaural tonal stimuli, Hearing Research, vol.100, issue.1-2, pp.59-67, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(96)00113-X

T. Pangrsic, L. Lasarow, K. Reuter, H. Takago, M. Schwander et al., Hearing requires otoferlin-dependent efficient replenishment of synaptic vesicles in hair cells, Nature Neuroscience, vol.14, issue.7, pp.869-876, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/nn.2578
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00548216

T. Pangr?i?, E. Reisinger, and T. Moser, Otoferlin: a multi-C2 domain protein essential for hearing, Trends in Neurosciences, vol.35, issue.11, pp.671-680, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tins.2012.08.002

T. D. Parsons, D. Lenzi, W. Almers, and W. M. Roberts, Calcium-triggered exocytosis and endocytosis in an isolated presynaptic cell: Capacitance measurements in saccular hair cells, Neuron, vol.13, issue.4, pp.875-883, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(94)90253-4

A. Parthasarathy, J. Lai, and E. L. Bartlett, Age-Related Changes in Processing Simultaneous Amplitude Modulated Sounds Assessed Using Envelope Following Responses, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.135, issue.6, pp.119-132, 2016.
DOI : 10.1121/1.4837815

M. Pauler, H. F. Schuknecht, and J. A. White, Atrophy of the stria vascularis as a cause of sensorineural hearing loss. The Laryngoscope 98, pp.754-759, 1988.

K. E. Pedersen, U. Rosenhall, and M. B. Møller, Changes in Pure-Tone Thresholds in Individuals Aged 70-81: Results from a Longitudinal Study, International Journal of Audiology, vol.17, issue.4, pp.194-204, 1989.
DOI : 10.3109/01050398809042174

M. K. Pichora-fuller, B. A. Schneider, E. Macdonald, H. E. Pass, and S. Brown, Temporal jitter disrupts speech intelligibility: A simulation of auditory aging, Hearing Research, vol.223, issue.1-2, pp.114-121, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2006.10.009

J. Platzer, J. Engel, A. Schrott-fischer, K. Stephan, S. Bova et al., Congenital Deafness and Sinoatrial Node Dysfunction in Mice Lacking Class D L-Type Ca2+ Channels, Cell, vol.102, issue.1, pp.89-97, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)00013-1

M. Portmann, Y. Cazals, M. Negrevergne, and J. M. And-aran, Transtympanic and Surface Recordings in the Diagnosis of Retrocochlear Disorders, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.9, issue.3-6, pp.362-369, 1980.
DOI : 10.3109/03005367509079102

J. L. Puel, Chemical synaptic transmission in the cochlea, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.47, issue.6, pp.449-476, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0301-0082(95)00028-3

J. L. Puel, R. , and G. , : Evidence that the medial efferent system is involved, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.87, issue.4, pp.1630-1635, 1990.
DOI : 10.1121/1.399410

J. L. Puel, R. P. Bobbin, F. , and M. , An ipsilateral cochlear efferent loop protects the cochlea during intense sound exposure, Hearing Research, vol.37, issue.1, pp.65-69, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(88)90078-0

T. Rahko, V. Kallio, M. Kataja, K. Fagerström, K. et al., Prevalence of Handicapping Hearing Loss in an Aging Population, Annals of Otology, Rhinology & Laryngology, vol.88, issue.2, pp.140-144, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0033-3506(73)80005-8

E. M. Relkin and J. R. Doucet, Recovery from prior stimulation. I: Relationship to spontaneous firing rates of primary auditory neurons, Hearing Research, vol.55, issue.2, pp.215-222, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(91)90106-J

W. S. Rhode and P. H. Smith, Characteristics of tone-pip response patterns in relationship to spontaneous rate in cat auditory nerve fibers, Hearing Research, vol.18, issue.2, pp.159-168, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(85)90008-5

G. Rickheit, H. Maier, N. Strenzke, C. E. Andreescu, C. I. De-zeeuw et al., Endocochlear potential depends on Cl??? channels: mechanism underlying deafness in Bartter syndrome IV, The EMBO Journal, vol.62, issue.21, pp.2907-2917, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00467-006-0090-x

D. Robertson, Horseradish peroxidase injection of physiologically characterized afferent and efferent neurones in the guinea pig spiral ganglion, Hearing Research, vol.15, issue.2, pp.113-121, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(84)90042-X

J. E. Rose, J. F. Brugge, D. J. Anderson, and J. E. And-hind, Phase-locked response to low-frequency tones in single auditory nerve fibers of the squirrel monkey., Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.30, issue.4, pp.769-793, 1967.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1967.30.4.769

S. Rosen, Temporal Information in Speech: Acoustic, Auditory and Linguistic Aspects, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.336, issue.1278, pp.367-373, 1992.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1992.0070

S. Rosen, M. Bergman, D. Plester, A. Mofty, and M. H. Satti, Presbycusis Study of a Relatively Noise-Free Population in the Sudan, Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.5, issue.5, pp.135-152, 1962.
DOI : 10.1097/00043764-196305000-00046

U. Rosenhall, K. Pedersen, and A. Svanborg, Presbycusis and Noise-Induced Hearing Loss*, Ear and Hearing, vol.11, issue.4, pp.257-263, 1990.
DOI : 10.1097/00003446-199008000-00002

I. Roux, S. Safieddine, R. Nouvian, M. Grati, M. Simmler et al., Otoferlin, Defective in a Human Deafness Form, Is Essential for Exocytosis at the Auditory Ribbon Synapse, Cell, vol.127, issue.2, pp.277-289, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cell.2006.08.040
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00111976

I. Roux, S. Hosie, S. L. Johnson, A. Bahloul, N. Cayet et al., Myosin VI is required for the proper maturation and function of inner hair cell ribbon synapses, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.18, issue.23, pp.4615-4628, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddp429

J. Ruel, R. Nouvian, C. Gervais-d-'aldin, R. Pujol, M. Eybalin et al., Dopamine inhibition of auditory nerve activity in the adult mammalian cochlea, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.406, issue.6, pp.977-986, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990329)406:1<72::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-A
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00267758

J. Ruel, J. Wang, D. Demêmes, S. Gobaille, J. Puel et al., Dopamine transporter is essential for the maintenance of spontaneous activity of auditory nerve neurones and their responsiveness to sound stimulation, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.29, issue.1, pp.190-200, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9861(19990329)406:1<72::AID-CNE5>3.0.CO;2-A
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00265678

J. Ruel, S. Emery, R. Nouvian, T. Bersot, B. Amilhon et al., Impairment of SLC17A8 Encoding Vesicular Glutamate Transporter-3, VGLUT3, Underlies Nonsyndromic Deafness DFNA25 and Inner Hair Cell Dysfunction in Null Mice, The American Journal of Human Genetics, vol.83, issue.2, pp.278-292, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ajhg.2008.07.008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00349467

D. Ruggles, H. Bharadwaj, and B. G. Shinn-cunningham, Why Middle-Aged Listeners Have Trouble Hearing in??Everyday Settings, Current Biology, vol.22, issue.15, pp.1417-1422, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2012.05.025

I. J. Russell and P. M. Sellick, Intracellular studies of hair cells in the mammalian cochlea., The Journal of Physiology, vol.284, issue.1, pp.261-290, 1978.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1978.sp012540

I. J. Russell and P. M. Sellick, Low-frequency characteristics of intracellularly recorded receptor potentials in guinea-pig cochlear hair cells., The Journal of Physiology, vol.338, issue.1, pp.179-206, 1983.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1983.sp014668

M. A. Rutherford and W. M. Roberts, Frequency selectivity of synaptic exocytosis in frog saccular hair cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.3, issue.5, pp.2898-2903, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00424-001-0763-z

M. A. Rutherford, N. M. Chapochnikov, and T. Moser, Spike Encoding of Neurotransmitter Release Timing by Spiral Ganglion Neurons of the Cochlea, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.32, issue.14, pp.4773-4789, 2012.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4511-11.2012

D. K. Ryugo and E. M. Rouiller, Central projections of intracellularly labeled auditory nerve fibers in cats: Morphometric correlations with physiological properties, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.66, issue.1, pp.130-142, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-1305-8

R. Schaette and D. Mcalpine, Tinnitus with a Normal Audiogram: Physiological Evidence for Hidden Hearing Loss and Computational Model, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.31, issue.38, pp.13452-13457, 2011.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2156-11.2011

R. A. Schmiedt, Spontaneous rates, thresholds and tuning of auditory-nerve fibers in the gerbil: Comparisons to cat data, Hearing Research, vol.42, issue.1, pp.23-35, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(89)90115-9

R. A. Schmiedt, J. H. Mills, and F. A. Boettcher, Age-related loss of activity of auditory-nerve fibers, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.76, issue.4, pp.2799-2803, 1996.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1996.76.4.2799

R. A. Schmiedt, H. Okamura, H. Lang, and B. A. Schulte, Ouabain application to the round window of the gerbil cochlea: A model of auditory neuropathy and apoptosis, Journal of the Association for Research in Otolaryngology, vol.126, issue.3, pp.223-233, 2002.
DOI : 10.2535/ofaj1936.74.5_155

F. Schmitz, A. Königstorfer, and T. C. Südhof, RIBEYE, a Component of Synaptic Ribbons, Neuron, vol.28, issue.3, pp.857-872, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)00159-8

M. T. Schmolesky, Y. Wang, M. Pu, and A. G. Leventhal, Degradation of stimulus selectivity of visual cortical cells in senescent rhesus monkeys, Nat. Neurosci, vol.3, pp.384-390, 2000.

M. E. Schnee, D. M. Lawton, D. N. Furness, T. A. Benke, and A. J. Ricci, Auditory Hair Cell-Afferent Fiber Synapses Are Specialized to Operate at Their Best Frequencies, Neuron, vol.47, issue.2, pp.243-254, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2005.06.004

B. A. Schneider, M. K. Pichora-fuller, D. Kowalchuk, and M. Lamb, Gap detection and the precedence effect in young and old adults, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.95, issue.2, pp.980-991, 1994.
DOI : 10.1121/1.408403

R. P. Seal, O. Akil, E. Yi, C. M. Weber, L. Grant et al., Sensorineural Deafness and Seizures in Mice Lacking Vesicular Glutamate Transporter 3, Neuron, vol.57, issue.2, pp.263-275, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2007.11.032

Y. Sergeyenko, K. Lall, M. C. Liberman, and S. G. Kujawa, Age-Related Cochlear Synaptopathy: An Early-Onset Contributor to Auditory Functional Decline, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.33, issue.34, pp.13686-13694, 2013.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1783-13.2013

W. F. Sewell, The relation between the endocochlear potential and spontaneous activity in auditory nerve fibres of the cat., The Journal of Physiology, vol.347, issue.1, pp.685-696, 1984.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.1984.sp015090

R. V. Shannon, F. G. Zeng, V. Kamath, J. Wygonski, and M. Ekelid, Speech Recognition with Primarily Temporal Cues, Science, vol.270, issue.5234, pp.303-304, 1995.
DOI : 10.1126/science.270.5234.303

L. Sheets, J. G. Trapani, W. Mo, N. Obholzer, and T. Nicolson, 1.3a channel localization and afferent innervation of sensory hair cells, Development, vol.138, issue.7, pp.1309-1319, 2011.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2009.181917

S. Sidi, E. Busch-nentwich, R. Friedrich, U. Schoenberger, and T. Nicolson, gemini Encodes a Zebrafish L-Type Calcium Channel That Localizes at Sensory Hair Cell Ribbon Synapses, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.17, pp.4213-4223, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0223-04.2004

J. H. Siegel, Spontaneous synaptic potentials from afferent terminals in the guinea pig cochlea, Hearing Research, vol.59, issue.1, pp.85-92, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(92)90105-V

H. Simon, R. D. Frisina, W. , and J. P. , Age reduces response latency of mouse inferior colliculus neurons to AM sounds, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.116, issue.1, pp.469-477, 2004.
DOI : 10.1121/1.1760796

Z. M. Smith, B. Delgutte, and A. J. Oxenham, Chimaeric sounds reveal dichotomies in auditory perception, Nature, vol.9, issue.6876, pp.87-90, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/40285527

K. B. Snell, Age-related changes in temporal gap detection, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.101, issue.4, pp.2214-2220, 1997.
DOI : 10.1121/1.418205

K. B. Snell and D. R. Frisina, Relationships among age-related differences in gap detection and word recognition, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.107, issue.3, pp.1615-1626, 2000.
DOI : 10.1121/1.428446

H. Spoendlin, Innervation Patterns in the Organ of Corti of the Cat, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.72, issue.226, pp.239-254, 1969.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022215100067669

H. Spoendlin, Innervation Densities of the Cochlea, Acta Oto-Laryngologica, vol.100, issue.2-6, pp.235-248, 1972.
DOI : 10.3109/00016486909125448

A. Starr, D. Mcpherson, J. Patterson, M. Don, W. Luxford et al., ABSENCE OF BOTH AUDITORY EVOKED POTENTIALS AND AUDITORY PERCEPTS DEPENDENT ON TIMING CUES, Brain, vol.114, issue.3, pp.1157-1180, 1991.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/114.3.1157

A. Starr, T. W. Picton, Y. Sininger, L. J. Hood, and C. I. Berlin, Auditory neuropathy, Brain, vol.119, issue.3, pp.741-753, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/119.3.741

A. M. Taberner and M. C. Liberman, Response Properties of Single Auditory Nerve Fibers in the Mouse, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.93, issue.1, pp.557-569, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(99)00003-9

K. Tabuchi, M. Suzuki, A. Mizuno, and A. Hara, Hearing impairment in TRPV4 knockout mice, Neuroscience Letters, vol.382, issue.3, pp.304-308, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neulet.2005.03.035

G. A. Takahashi and S. P. Bacon, Modulation Detection, Modulation Masking, and Speech Understanding in Noise in the Elderly, Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, vol.35, issue.6, pp.1410-1421, 1992.
DOI : 10.1044/jshr.3506.1410

B. I. Tarnowski, R. A. Schmiedt, L. I. Hellstrom, F. S. Lee, A. et al., Age-related changes in cochleas of mongolian gerbils, Hearing Research, vol.54, issue.1, pp.123-134, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(91)90142-V

I. Tasaki, NERVE IMPULSES IN INDIVIDUAL AUDITORY NERVE FIBERS OF GUINEA PIG, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.17, issue.2, pp.97-122, 1954.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1954.17.2.97

M. Ter-mikaelian, D. H. Sanes, and M. N. Semple, Transformation of Temporal Properties between Auditory Midbrain and Cortex in the Awake Mongolian Gerbil, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.27, issue.23, pp.6091-6102, 2007.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4848-06.2007

M. Ter-mikaelian, M. N. Semple, and D. H. Sanes, Effects of spectral and temporal disruption on cortical encoding of gerbil vocalizations, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.74, issue.5, pp.1190-1204, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2007.12.010

A. I. Tlumak, J. D. Durrant, and R. E. Delgado, The Effect of Advancing Age on Auditory Middle- and Long-Latency Evoked Potentials Using a Steady-State-Response Approach, American Journal of Audiology, vol.24, issue.4, pp.494-507, 2015.
DOI : 10.1044/2015_AJA-15-0036

J. Tsuji and M. C. Liberman, Intracellular labeling of auditory nerve fibers in guinea pig: central and peripheral projections, The Journal of Comparative Neurology, vol.57, issue.2, pp.188-202, 1997.
DOI : 10.1001/archotol.1953.00710040399001

T. Tucker and R. Fettiplace, Confocal imaging of calcium microdomains and calcium extrusion in turtle hair cells, Neuron, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1323-1335, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0896-6273(95)90011-X

C. W. Turner, P. E. Souza, and L. N. Forget, Use of temporal envelope cues in speech recognition by normal and hearing???impaired listeners, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.97, issue.4, pp.2568-2576, 1995.
DOI : 10.1121/1.411911

E. Verpy, M. Leibovici, I. Zwaenepoel, X. Z. Liu, A. Gal et al., A defect in harmonin, a PDZ domain-containing protein expressed in the inner ear sensory hair cells, underlies Usher syndrome type 1C, Nat. Genet, vol.26, pp.51-55, 2000.

D. E. Vetter, J. R. Mann, P. Wangemann, J. Liu, K. J. Mclaughlin et al., Inner Ear Defects Induced by Null Mutationof the isk Gene, Neuron, vol.17, issue.6, pp.1251-1264, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(00)80255-X
URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/s0896-6273(00)80255-x

J. P. Walton, Timing is everything: Temporal processing deficits in the aged auditory brainstem, Hearing Research, vol.264, issue.1-2, pp.63-69, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2010.03.002

J. P. Walton, H. Simon, and R. D. Frisina, Age-Related Alterations in the Neural Coding of Envelope Periodicities, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.77, issue.2, pp.565-578, 2002.
DOI : 10.1152/jn.1997.77.1.324

L. Wan, W. Almers, C. , and W. , Two ribeye Genes in Teleosts: The Role of Ribeye in Ribbon Formation and Bipolar Cell Development, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.25, issue.4, pp.941-949, 2005.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4657-04.2005

J. Wang and J. Puel, From Cochlear Cell Death Pathways To New Pharmacological Therapies, Mini-Reviews in Medicinal Chemistry, vol.8, issue.10, pp.1006-1019, 2008.
DOI : 10.2174/138955708785740599
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00349485

L. R. Warren, J. W. Wagener, and G. E. Herman, Binaural Analysis in the Aging Auditory System, Journal of Gerontology, vol.33, issue.5, pp.731-736, 1978.
DOI : 10.1093/geronj/33.5.731

D. Weil, S. Blanchard, J. Kaplan, P. Guilford, F. Gibson et al., Defective myosin VIIA gene responsible for Usher syndrome type IB, Nature, vol.374, issue.6517, pp.60-61, 1995.
DOI : 10.1038/374060a0

D. Weil, P. Küssel, S. Blanchard, G. Lévy, F. Levi-acobas et al., The autosomal recessive isolated deafness, DFNB2 and the Usher 1B syndrome are allelic defects of the myosin-VIIA gene, Nature Genetics, vol.92, issue.2, pp.191-193, 1997.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/5.6.849

C. J. Weisz, M. Lehar, H. Hiel, E. Glowatzki, and P. A. Fuchs, Synaptic Transfer from Outer Hair Cells to Type II Afferent Fibers in the Rat Cochlea, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.32, issue.28, pp.9528-9536, 2012.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.6194-11.2012

A. T. Welford, Between bodily changes and performance: Some possible reasons for slowing with age, Experimental Aging Research, vol.36, issue.169, pp.73-88, 1984.
DOI : 10.1093/geronj/36.5.605

J. F. Willott, H. Chisolm, T. Lister, and J. J. , Modulation of Presbycusis: Current Status and Future Directions, Audiology and Neurotology, vol.6, issue.5, pp.231-249, 2001.
DOI : 10.1159/000046129

I. M. Winter, D. Robertson, and G. K. Yates, Diversity of characteristic frequency rate-intensity functions in guinea pig auditory nerve fibres, Hearing Research, vol.45, issue.3, pp.191-202, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0378-5955(90)90120-E

A. B. Wong, M. A. Rutherford, M. Gabrielaitis, T. Pangrsic, F. Göttfert et al., influx to exocytosis, The EMBO Journal, vol.29, pp.247-264, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/S0896-6273(01)00185-4

S. Yasunaga, M. Grati, M. Cohen-salmon, A. El-amraoui, M. Mustapha et al., A mutation in OTOF, encoding otoferlin, a FER-1-like protein, causes DFNB9, a nonsyndromic form of deafness, Nat. Genet, vol.21, pp.363-369, 1999.

S. Yu, Y. Wang, X. Li, Y. Zhou, and A. G. Leventhal, Functional degradation of extrastriate visual cortex in senescent rhesus monkeys, Neuroscience, vol.140, issue.3, pp.1023-1029, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.01.015

W. A. Yuhas and P. A. Fuchs, Apamin-sensitive, small-conductance, calcium-activated potassium channels mediate cholinergic inhibition of chick auditory hair cells, Journal of Comparative Physiology A: Sensory, Neural, and Behavioral Physiology, vol.185, issue.5, pp.455-462, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s003590050406

F. Zeng, Y. Kong, H. J. Michalewski, and A. Starr, Perceptual Consequences of Disrupted Auditory Nerve Activity, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.93, issue.6, pp.3050-3063, 2005.
DOI : 10.1080/14640749108400987
URL : http://jn.physiology.org/content/jn/93/6/3050.full.pdf

D. Zenisek, V. Davila, L. Wan, A. , and W. , Imaging calcium entry sites and ribbon structures in two presynaptic cells, J. Neurosci. Off. J. Soc. Neurosci, vol.23, pp.2538-2548, 2003.

D. Zenisek, N. K. Horst, C. Merrifield, P. Sterling, and G. Matthews, Visualizing Synaptic Ribbons in the Living Cell, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.24, issue.44, pp.9752-9759, 2004.
DOI : 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.2886-04.2004

M. L. Zettel, W. E. O-'neill, T. T. Trang, and R. D. Frisina, Early bilateral deafening prevents calretinin up-regulation in the dorsal cortex of the inferior colliculus of aged CBA/CaJ mice, Hearing Research, vol.158, issue.1-2, pp.131-138, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-5955(01)00305-7

H. B. Zhao, S. , and J. , Auditory collusion and a coupled couple of outer hair cells, Nature, vol.70, issue.6734, pp.359-362, 1999.
DOI : 10.1085/jgp.70.5.549

J. Zheng, W. Shen, D. Z. He, K. B. Long, L. D. Madison et al., Prestin is the motor protein of cochlear outer hair cells, Nature, vol.54, issue.6783, pp.149-155, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/0042-6822(73)90163-3

Q. Y. Zheng, D. Yan, X. M. Ouyang, L. L. Du, H. Yu et al., Digenic inheritance of deafness caused by mutations in genes encoding cadherin 23 and protocadherin 15 in mice and humans, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.14, issue.1, pp.103-111, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddi010

Y. Zhong, Y. Hu, W. Peng, Y. Sun, Y. Yang et al., Age-related decline of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit expression in the auditory cortex of the mimetic aging rat model associated with the common deletion, Hearing Research, vol.294, issue.1-2, pp.40-48, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.heares.2012.09.006

. Merci-À-ma-promo-d, audio à Fougères pour tous les bons moments passés à cette période (la fameuse promo 10) et les mots sympas à chaque fois que l'on se recroise en congrès

M. Éric and L. , CHAPELLIER pour son humour, sa vision du monde et tous ces beaux moments passés ensemble à Fougères

. Un-grand-merci-À-alain, TRELUYER pour son soutien sans faille, son attitude positive, ses conseils, sa compréhension, d'avoir toujours été présent et à l'écoute ainsi que pour les nombreux hébergements à l'oeil dans son petit

E. Merci, PERRAULT pour sa vision du monde, sa culture, son humour et toutes ses bonnes