.. Prise-en-charge-et-dégradation-par-le-protéasome, 79 a) Le coeur protéolytique 80 b) Les sous-unités régulatrices, p.80

.. Western, 97 a) Electrophorèse en conditions dénaturantes 98 b) Transfert des protéines sur membrane, p.99

G. Agnetti, Desmin modifications associate with amyloid-like oligomers deposition in heart failure, Cardiovascular Research, vol.102, issue.1, pp.24-34, 2014.
DOI : 10.1093/cvr/cvu003

M. E. Anderson, J. H. Brown, and D. M. Bers, CaMKII in myocardial hypertrophy and heart failure, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol.51, issue.4, pp.468-473, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.01.012

A. Aouba, Données sur la mortalité en France : principales causes de décès en 2008 et évolutions depuis, Bulletin épidémiologique hebdomadaire, vol.22, pp.249-255, 2000.

M. Arai, Alterations in sarcoplasmic reticulum gene expression in human heart failure. A possible mechanism for alterations in systolic and diastolic properties of the failing myocardium, Circulation Research, vol.72, issue.2, pp.463-469, 1993.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.72.2.463

S. Archan and . Fleisher, From Creatine Kinase-MB to Troponin, Anesthesiology, vol.112, issue.4, pp.1005-1012, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181d31fa8

R. Bakthisaran, Phosphorylation of ?B-crystallin: Role in stress, aging and pathophysiological conditions, BBA) -General Subjects, pp.9-11, 2015.

L. M. Ballou, -Adrenergic Receptor, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.15, issue.44, pp.40910-40916, 2001.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.C000880200

H. Bär, Pathogenic effects of a novel heterozygous R350P desmin mutation on the assembly of desmin intermediate filaments in vivo and in vitro, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.14, issue.10, pp.1251-60, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddi136

C. P. Baron, S. Jacobsen, and P. P. Purslow, Cleavage of desmin by cysteine proteases: Calpains and cathepsin B, Meat Science, vol.68, issue.3, pp.447-456, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.meatsci.2004.03.019

F. Bennardini, A. Wrzosek, and M. Chiesi, Alpha B-crystallin in cardiac tissue. Association with actin and desmin filaments, Circulation Research, vol.71, issue.2, pp.288-294, 1992.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.71.2.288

M. W. Bergmann and L. Zelarayan, RALT Specifically Halts Maladaptive Cardiac Hypertrophy: A New Kid on the Block, Hypertension, vol.53, issue.3, pp.454-455, 2009.
DOI : 10.1161/HYPERTENSIONAHA.108.125930

D. M. Bers, Altered Cardiac Myocyte Ca Regulation In Heart Failure, Physiology, vol.21, issue.6, pp.380-387, 2006.
DOI : 10.1152/physiol.00019.2006

D. M. Bers and S. Morotti, Ca(2+) current facilitation is CaMKII-dependent and has arrhythmogenic consequences, Frontiers in Pharmacology, vol.5, p.144, 2014.
DOI : 10.3389/fphar.2014.00144

URL : http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fphar.2014.00144/pdf

Y. Bian, An enzyme assisted RP-RPLC approach for in-depth analysis of human liver phosphoproteome, Journal of Proteomics, vol.96, pp.253-262, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.11.014

B. C. Blunt, H2O2 activation of HSP25/27 protects desmin from calpain proteolysis in rat ventricular myocytes, AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.293, issue.3, pp.1518-152, 2007.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpheart.00269.2006

P. Bonaldo and M. Sandri, Cellular and molecular mechanisms of muscle atrophy, Disease Models & Mechanisms, vol.6, issue.1, pp.25-39, 2013.
DOI : 10.1242/dmm.010389

E. Braunwald, Biomarkers in Heart Failure, New England Journal of Medicine, vol.358, issue.20, p.xiii?xiv, 2009.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMra0800239

D. Breitkreutz, Protein kinase C family: On the crossroads of cell signaling in skin and tumor epithelium, Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology, vol.276, issue.11, pp.793-808, 2007.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.18.5.3069

B. Slot and M. H. , Point-of-care tests in suspected acute myocardial infarction: A systematic review, International Journal of Cardiology, vol.168, issue.6, pp.5355-5362, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.08.002

D. L. Brutsaert, Cardiac Endothelial-Myocardial Signaling: Its Role in Cardiac Growth, Contractile Performance, and Rhythmicity, Physiological Reviews, vol.83, issue.1, pp.59-115, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00017.2002

J. Buggey, Angiotensin Receptor Neprilysin Inhibition in Heart Failure: Mechanistic Action and Clinical Impact, Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol.21, issue.9, pp.741-750, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cardfail.2015.07.008

A. L. Bui, T. B. Horwich, and G. C. Fonarow, Epidemiology and risk profile of heart failure, Nature Reviews Cardiology, vol.117, issue.1, pp.30-41, 2011.
DOI : 10.1136/hrt.80.5.437

Y. Capetanaki, Desmin related disease: a matter of cell survival failure, Current Opinion in Cell Biology, vol.32, pp.113-120, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ceb.2015.01.004

Y. Capetanaki, D. J. Milner, and G. Weitzer, Desmin in Muscle Formation and Maintenance: Knockouts and Consequences., Cell Structure and Function, vol.22, issue.1, pp.103-116, 1997.
DOI : 10.1247/csf.22.103

A. Caron and F. Chapon, Desmin phosphorylation abnormalities in cytoplasmic body and desmin-related myopathies, Muscle & Nerve, vol.3, issue.8, pp.1122-1125, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1022465702518

Q. Chen, Influence of oxidation on the susceptibility of purified desmin to degradation by ??-calpain, caspase-3 and -6, Food Chemistry, vol.150, pp.220-226, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foodchem.2013.10.149

S. Cheng and R. S. Vasan, Advances in the Epidemiology of Heart Failure and Left Ventricular Remodeling, Circulation, vol.124, issue.20, pp.516-519, 2011.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.111.070235

C. Chen-scarabelli, The role and modulation of autophagy in experimental models of myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury, Journal of geriatric cardiology, vol.11, issue.4, pp.338-348, 2014.

S. Chugh, Pilot study identifying myosin heavy chain 7, desmin, insulin-like growth factor 7, and annexin A2 as circulating biomarkers of human heart failure, PROTEOMICS, vol.355, issue.15, pp.132324-2334, 2013.
DOI : 10.1056/NEJMoa052256

C. S. Clemen and H. Herrmann, Desminopathies: pathology and mechanisms, Acta Neuropathologica, vol.334, issue.450???455, pp.47-75, 2013.
DOI : 10.1006/abbi.1996.0449

S. Cohen, Ubiquitylation by Trim32 causes coupled loss of desmin, Z-bands, and thin filaments in muscle atrophy, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.231, issue.4, pp.575-589, 2012.
DOI : 10.4161/auto.5633

S. Cotecchia, The alpha1-adrenergic receptors in cardiac hypertrophy: Signaling mechanisms and functional implications, Cellular Signalling, vol.27, issue.10, pp.1984-1993, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cellsig.2015.06.009

L. F. Couchonnal and M. E. Anderson, The Role of Calmodulin Kinase II in Myocardial Physiology and Disease, Physiology, vol.23, issue.3, pp.23151-159, 2008.
DOI : 10.1152/physiol.00043.2007

O. Coux, K. Tanaka, and A. L. Goldberg, Structure and Functions of the 20S and 26S Proteasomes, Annual Review of Biochemistry, vol.65, issue.1, pp.801-847, 1996.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.bi.65.070196.004101

D. J. Crossman, Changes in the Organization of Excitation-Contraction Coupling Structures in Failing Human Heart, PLoS ONE, vol.976, issue.3, p.17901, 2011.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0017901.s001

A. M. Cuervo and J. F. Dice, Regulation of Lamp2a Levels in the Lysosomal Membrane, Traffic, vol.5, issue.7, pp.570-583, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/MCB.5.6.1229

A. M. Cuervo, J. F. Dice, and E. Knecht, A Population of Rat Liver Lysosomes Responsible for the Selective Uptake and Degradation of Cytosolic Proteins, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.266, issue.9, pp.5606-5615, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.271.5255.1519

A. M. Cuervo and E. Wong, Chaperone-mediated autophagy: roles in disease and aging, Cell Research, vol.4, issue.24, pp.92-104, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/acel.12072

M. David, 1.5 Channels, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.18, issue.25, pp.21416-21428, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/bi991055k

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00720235

J. B. Decock, Classical, novel and atypical isoforms of PKC stimulate ANF- and TRE/AP-1-regulated-promoter activity in ventricular cardiomyocytes, FEBS Letters, vol.3, issue.2-3, pp.275-278, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/mc.2940030202

D. Monte, F. Agnetti, and G. , Protein post-translational modifications and misfolding: New concepts in heart failure, PROTEOMICS - Clinical Applications, vol.123, issue.7-8, pp.534-576, 2014.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI70877

F. Delom and E. Chevet, Phosphoprotein analysis: from proteins to proteomes, Proteome.Science, vol.9, pp.4-15, 2006.

N. Diguet, Muscle Creatine Kinase Deficiency Triggers Both Actin Depolymerization and Desmin Disorganization by Advanced Glycation End Products in Dilated Cardiomyopathy, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.7, issue.257, pp.35007-35019, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-5793(88)80863-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00630133

E. Dubois and V. Richard, Decreased Serine207 phosphorylation of troponin T as a biomarker for left ventricular remodelling after myocardial infarction, European Heart Journal, vol.32, issue.1, pp.115-123, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehq108

E. Dubois-deruy, -phosphorylated troponin T levels are indicator of cardiac dysfunction, Journal of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, vol.300, issue.10, pp.1335-1344, 2013.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpheart.01117.2009

E. Dubois-deruy, Interplay between troponin T phosphorylation and O-N-acetylglucosaminylation in ischaemic heart failure, Cardiovascular Research, vol.107, issue.1, pp.56-65, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/cvr/cvv136

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01389836

C. M. Fader and M. I. Colombo, Autophagy and multivesicular bodies: two closely related partners, Cell Death and Differentiation, vol.7, issue.1, pp.70-78, 2009.
DOI : 10.4161/cc.7.9.5784

L. Fang, Systemic inflammatory response following acute myocardial infarction, Journal of Geriatric Cardiology, vol.12, issue.3, pp.305-312, 2015.

D. Fatkin and R. M. Graham, Molecular Mechanisms of Inherited Cardiomyopathies, Physiological Reviews, vol.82, issue.4, pp.945-980, 2002.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00012.2002

M. Fertin, Usefulness of Serial Assessment of B-Type Natriuretic Peptide, Troponin I, and C-Reactive Protein to Predict Left Ventricular Remodeling After Acute Myocardial Infarction (from the REVE-2 Study), The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.106, issue.10, pp.1410-1416, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjcard.2010.06.071

P. F. Finn, Effects of Small Molecules on Chaperone-Mediated Autophagy, Autophagy, vol.1, issue.3, pp.141-145, 2005.
DOI : 10.4161/auto.1.3.2000

T. H. Fischer, leak in human ischaemic and dilated cardiomyopathy, European Journal of Heart Failure, vol.110, issue.12, pp.1292-1300
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.255158

D. O. Fürst, Myogenesis in the mouse embryo: differential onset of expression of myogenic proteins and the involvement of titin in myofibril assembly, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.109, issue.2, pp.517-527, 1989.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.109.2.517

P. Gavriilidis, A. Giakoustidis, and D. Giakoustidis, Aurora Kinases and Potential Medical Applications of Aurora Kinase Inhibitors: A Review, Journal of Clinical Medicine Research, vol.7, issue.10, pp.742-751, 2015.
DOI : 10.14740/jocmr2295w

N. Geisler and K. Weber, Phosphorylation of desmin in vitro inhibits formation of intermediate filaments; identification of three kinase A sites in the aminoterminal head domain, The EMBO journal, vol.7, issue.1, pp.15-20, 1988.

L. G. Goldfarb and M. C. Dalakas, Tragedy in a heartbeat: malfunctioning desmin causes skeletal and cardiac muscle disease, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.119, issue.7, pp.1806-1813, 2009.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI38027

R. A. Gottlieb, K. D. Finley, and R. M. Mentzer, Cardioprotection requires taking out the trash, Basic Research in Cardiology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.169-180, 2009.
DOI : 10.4161/auto.5618

T. A. Grigoreva, V. G. Tribulovich, and A. Garabadzhiu, The 26S proteasome is a multifaceted target for anti-cancer therapies, Oncotarget, vol.6, issue.28, pp.24733-24749, 2015.
DOI : 10.18632/oncotarget.4619

W. Grossman, D. Jones, and L. P. Mclaurin, Wall stress and patterns of hypertrophy in the human left ventricle., Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.56, issue.1, pp.56-64, 1975.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI108079

S. E. Hardt, Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3beta: A Novel Regulator of Cardiac Hypertrophy and Development, Circulation Research, vol.90, issue.10, pp.1055-1063, 2002.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.0000018952.70505.F1

G. Hasenfuss, Relation between myocardial function and expression of sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase in failing and nonfailing human myocardium, Circulation Research, vol.75, issue.3, pp.434-442, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.75.3.434

J. P. Hellermann, Incidence of Heart Failure after Myocardial Infarction: Is It Changing over Time?, American Journal of Epidemiology, vol.157, issue.12, pp.1101-1107, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/aje/kwg078

H. Herrmann, B. Fouquet, and W. W. Franke, Expression of intermediate filament proteins during development of Xenopus laevis. II. Identification and molecular characterization of desmin, Development, vol.105, issue.2, pp.299-307, 1989.

C. Heymes, Increased myocardial NADPH oxidase activity in human heart failure, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.41, issue.12, pp.2164-2171, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0735-1097(03)00471-6

K. Højlund, Phosphoproteome of Human Skeletal Muscle Revealed by Phosphopeptide Enrichment and HPLC???ESI???MS/MS, Journal of Proteome Research, vol.8, issue.11, pp.4954-65, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/pr9007267

C. L. Hoppel, Dynamic organization of mitochondria in human heart and in myocardial disease, The International Journal of Biochemistry & Cell Biology, vol.41, issue.10, pp.1949-1956, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocel.2009.05.004

B. Huang, Diminished Basal Phosphorylation Level of Phospholamban in the Postinfarction Remodeled Rat Ventricle : Role of ??-Adrenergic Pathway, Gi Protein, Phosphodiesterase, and Phosphatases, Circulation Research, vol.85, issue.9, pp.848-855, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.RES.85.9.848

M. Inagaki, Intermediate Filament Reconstitution in Vitro, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.263, issue.12, pp.5970-5978, 1988.

H. Ise, Vimentin and desmin possess GlcNAc-binding lectin-like properties on cell surfaces, Glycobiology, vol.20, issue.7, pp.843-864, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/glycob/cwq039

I. Izawa and M. Inagaki, Regulatory mechanisms and functions of intermediate filaments: A study using site- and phosphorylation state-specific antibodies, Cancer Science, vol.164, issue.3, pp.167-174, 2006.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.01667

A. Janué, M. Olivé, and I. Ferrer, Oxidative Stress in Desminopathies and Myotilinopathies: A Link between Oxidative Damage and Abnormal Protein Aggregation, Brain Pathology, vol.3, issue.4, pp.377-388, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/121.6.1089

Y. Ji, Targeted inhibition of Ca 2+ /calmodulin-dependent protein kinase II in cardiac longitudinal sarcoplasmic reticulum results in decreased phospholamban phosphorylation at threonine 17, The Journal of Biological Chemistry, issue.27, pp.27825063-25071, 2003.

H. Kanamori, Autophagy limits acute myocardial infarction induced by permanent coronary artery occlusion, AJP: Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.300, issue.6, pp.2261-2271, 2011.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpheart.01056.2010

URL : http://ajpheart.physiology.org/content/ajpheart/300/6/H2261.full.pdf

A. Kamal and F. J. Burrows, Hsp90 inhibitors as selective anticancer drugs, Discovery Medicine, vol.4, issue.23, pp.277-280, 2004.

S. Kaushik, Chaperone-mediated autophagy at a glance, Journal of Cell Science, vol.124, issue.4, pp.495-499, 2011.
DOI : 10.1242/jcs.073874

S. Kaushik and A. M. Cuervo, Methods to monitor chaperone-mediated autophagy, Methods in Enzymology, issue.452, pp.297-324, 2009.

Y. Kawajiri, Functional Significance of the Specific Sites Phosphorylated in Desmin at Cleavage Furrow: Aurora-B May Phosphorylate and Regulate Type III Intermediate Filaments during Cytokinesis Coordinatedly with Rho-kinase, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.14, issue.4, pp.1489-1500, 2003.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E02-09-0612

Y. Kawase, Reversal of Cardiac Dysfunction After Long-Term Expression of SERCA2a by Gene Transfer in a Pre-Clinical Model of Heart Failure, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.51, issue.11, pp.511112-1119, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2007.12.014

R. Kiffin, Activation of Chaperone-mediated Autophagy during Oxidative Stress, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.15, issue.11, pp.4829-4840, 2004.
DOI : 10.1091/mbc.E04-06-0477

B. W. Kimes and B. L. Brandt, Properties of a clonal muscle cell line from rat heart, Experimental Cell Research, vol.98, issue.2, pp.367-381, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4827(76)90447-X

E. Kinoshita, E. Kinoshita-kikuta, and T. Koike, Separation and detection of large phosphoproteins using Phos-tag SDS-PAGE, Nature Protocols, vol.6, issue.10, pp.1513-1521, 2009.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.C300117200

M. Kollareddy, Aurora kinases: structure, functions and their association with cancer. Biomedical papers of the Medical Faculty of the University Palack Olomouc Czechoslovakia Repub, pp.27-33, 2008.

M. Krenz and J. Robbins, Impact of beta-myosin heavy chain expression on cardiac function during stress, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.44, issue.12, pp.2390-2397, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2004.09.044

H. Lal, The GSK-3 Family as Therapeutic Target for Myocardial Diseases, Circulation Research, vol.116, issue.1, pp.138-149, 2015.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.303613

S. L. Lau, Interferons induce the expression of IFITM1 and IFITM3 and suppress the proliferation of rat neonatal cardiomyocytes, Journal of Cellular Biochemistry, vol.50, issue.3, pp.841-847, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.02.011

E. Lazarides and B. D. Hubbard, Immunological characterization of the subunit of the 100 A filaments from muscle cells., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.73, issue.12, pp.4344-4348, 1976.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.73.12.4344

W. Li, J. Li, and J. Bao, Microautophagy: lesser-known self-eating, Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences, vol.5, issue.7, pp.1125-1136, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/S1534-5807(03)00296-X

V. V. Lima, O-GlcNAcylation and oxidation of proteins: is signalling in the cardiovascular system becoming sweeter?, Clinical Science, vol.1820, issue.8, pp.473-486, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2007.06.014

P. Linton, This old heart: Cardiac aging and autophagy, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol.83, pp.44-54, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.017

URL : https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.12.017

X. Liu, Chaperone-mediated autophagy and neurodegeneration: connections, mechanisms, and therapeutic implications, Neuroscience Bulletin, vol.47, issue.4, pp.407-415, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s12035-012-8341-2

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5563713/pdf

J. Liu, Impairment of the ubiquitin-proteasome system in desminopathy mouse hearts, The FASEB Journal, vol.20, issue.2, pp.362-364, 2005.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.05-4869fje

G. D. Lopaschuk, Myocardial Fatty Acid Metabolism in Health and Disease, Physiological Reviews, vol.90, issue.1, pp.207-258, 2010.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00015.2009

S. Lorin, P. Codogno, and M. Djavaheri-mergny, L'autophagie: Un nouveau concept en cancérologie, Bulletin du Cancer, vol.95, issue.1, pp.43-50, 2008.

A. Lundby, Proteomic Analysis of Lysine Acetylation Sites in Rat Tissues Reveals Organ Specificity and Subcellular Patterns, Cell Reports, vol.2, issue.2, pp.419-431, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.celrep.2012.07.006

K. Macaulay, Constitutive Activation of GSK3 Down-regulates Glycogen Synthase Abundance and Glycogen Deposition in Rat Skeletal Muscle Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.280, issue.10, pp.9509-9518, 2005.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M411648200

Y. Maejima, Muscle-Specific RING Finger 1 Negatively Regulates Pathological Cardiac Hypertrophy Through Downregulation of Calcineurin A, Circulation: Heart Failure, vol.7, issue.3, pp.479-490, 2014.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCHEARTFAILURE.113.000713

. Maerkens, Differential proteomic analysis of abnormal intramyoplasmic aggregates in desminopathy, Journal of Proteomics, vol.90, pp.14-27, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jprot.2013.04.026

T. Matsuda, Distinct roles of GSK-3?? and GSK-3?? phosphorylation in the heart under pressure overload, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.8, issue.9-10, pp.20900-20905, 2008.
DOI : 10.1089/ars.2006.8.1635

P. M. Mclendon and J. Robbins, Proteotoxicity and Cardiac Dysfunction, Circulation Research, vol.116, issue.11, pp.1863-1882, 2015.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.116.305372

J. J. Mcmurray, ESC Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of acute and chronic heart failure 2012, Revista Portuguesa de Cardiologia (English Edition), vol.32, issue.7-8, pp.803-869, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.repce.2013.10.001

R. L. Mellgren and X. Huang, Fetuin A Stabilizes m-Calpain and Facilitates Plasma Membrane Repair, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.18, issue.49, pp.35868-35877, 2007.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M603007200

C. Ménard, Modulation of L-type Calcium Channel Expression during Retinoic Acid-induced Differentiation of H9C2 Cardiac Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.275, issue.41, pp.27429063-29070, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.95.3.568

S. Mendis, World Health Organization definition of myocardial infarction: 2008-09 revision, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.40, issue.1, pp.139-146, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyq165

D. Mijaljica, M. Prescott, and R. J. Devenish, Microautophagy in mammalian cells: Revisiting a 40-year-old conundrum, Autophagy, vol.7, issue.7, pp.673-682, 2011.
DOI : 10.4161/auto.7.7.14733

D. J. Milner, Disruption of muscle architecture and myocardial degeneration in mice lacking desmin, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.134, issue.5, pp.1255-1270, 1996.
DOI : 10.1083/jcb.134.5.1255

S. Mishra, -calmodulin-dependent protein kinase activity and expression in LV myocardium of dogs with heart failure, American Journal of Physiology - Heart and Circulatory Physiology, vol.284, issue.3, pp.876-83, 2003.
DOI : 10.1152/ajpheart.00266.2002

D. Mochly-rosen, K. Das, and K. V. Grimes, Protein kinase C, an elusive therapeutic target?, Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, vol.277, issue.12, pp.937-957, 2012.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M201233200

G. Monreal, Cytoskeletal remodeling of desmin is a more accurate measure of cardiac dysfunction than fi brosis or myocyte hypertrophy, Life Sciences, vol.83, pp.23-24786, 2008.

M. Mori, Hsp90 inhibitor induces autophagy and apoptosis in osteosarcoma cells, International Journal of Oncology, vol.46, issue.1, pp.47-54, 2015.
DOI : 10.3892/ijo.2014.2727

V. R. Moulton, A. R. Gillooly, and G. C. Tsokos, Ubiquitination Regulates Expression of the Serine/Arginine-rich Splicing Factor 1 (SRSF1) in Normal and Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) T Cells, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.181, issue.7, pp.2894126-4134, 2014.
DOI : 10.1084/jem.184.4.1313

J. O. Mudd and D. Kass, Tackling heart failure in the twenty-first century, Nature, vol.109, issue.7181, pp.451919-928, 2008.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.102.22.2713

P. Mulder, Role of Endogenous Endothelin in Chronic Heart Failure : Effect of Long-term Treatment With an Endothelin Antagonist on Survival, Hemodynamics, and Cardiac Remodeling, Circulation, vol.96, issue.6, pp.961976-1982, 1997.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.96.6.1976

T. Münzel, Pathophysiological role of oxidative stress in systolic and diastolic heart failure and its therapeutic implications, European Heart Journal, vol.36, issue.38, pp.2555-2564, 2015.
DOI : 10.1093/eurheartj/ehv305

K. Nishida, O. Yamaguchi, and K. Otsu, Degradation systems in heart failure, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol.84, pp.212-222, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.05.004

R. A. Nixon, The role of autophagy in neurodegenerative disease, Nature Medicine, vol.5, issue.8, pp.983-997, 2013.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0015054

D. Ntelios, Mechanical aberrations in hypetrophic cardiomyopathy: emerging concepts, Frontiers in Physiology, vol.14, issue.232, 2015.
DOI : 10.1186/1532-429X-14-49

O. Connor, C. M. Gard, and D. L. , Phosphorylation of intermediate filament proteins by cAMP-dependent protein kinases, Cell, vol.23, issue.1, pp.135-143, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/0092-8674(81)90278-6

U. B. Pandey, HDAC6 rescues neurodegeneration and provides an essential link between autophagy and the UPS, Nature, vol.17, issue.7146, pp.859-863, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nature05853

C. Park and A. M. Cuervo, Selective Autophagy: Talking with the UPS, Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.24, issue.1, pp.3-13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tig.2008.10.002

B. Patel and A. M. Cuervo, Methods to study chaperone-mediated autophagy, Methods, vol.75, pp.75133-140, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ymeth.2015.01.003

D. Paulin and Z. Li, Desmin: a major intermediate filament protein essential for the structural integrity and function of muscle, Experimental Cell Research, vol.301, issue.1, pp.1-7, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yexcr.2004.08.004

A. Pawlak, Type of desmin expression in cardiomyocytes - a good marker of heart failure development in idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, Journal of Internal Medicine, vol.42, issue.3, pp.287-297, 2012.
DOI : 10.1177/42.9.8064128

Z. Pedrozo, Cardiomyocyte ryanodine receptor degradation by chaperone-mediated autophagy, Cardiovascular Research, vol.98, issue.2, pp.277-285, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/cvr/cvt029

M. Periasamy and A. Kalyanasundaram, SERCA2a gene therapy for heart failure: ready for primetime? Molecular therapy, pp.1002-1004, 2008.

M. Pfeffer, Survival after an experimental myocardial infarction: beneficial effects of long-term therapy with captopril, Circulation, vol.72, issue.2, pp.406-412, 1985.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.72.2.406

B. Ravikumar, Regulation of Mammalian Autophagy in Physiology and Pathophysiology, Physiological Reviews, vol.90, issue.4, pp.1383-1435, 2010.
DOI : 10.1152/physrev.00030.2009

K. Reddy, A. Khaliq, and R. J. Henning, Recent advances in the diagnosis and treatment of acute myocardial infarction, World Journal of Cardiology, vol.7, issue.5, pp.243-276, 2015.
DOI : 10.4330/wjc.v7.i5.243

V. L. Roger, Trends in Heart Failure Incidence and Survival in a Community-Based Population, JAMA, vol.292, issue.3, pp.344-350, 2004.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.292.3.344

J. Ross, L. Olson, and G. Coppotelli, Mitochondrial and Ubiquitin Proteasome System Dysfunction in Ageing and Disease: Two Sides of the Same Coin?, International Journal of Molecular Sciences, vol.127, issue.8, pp.19458-19476, 2015.
DOI : 10.2337/dc10-0709

C. Rothenberg, Ubiquilin functions in autophagy and is degraded by chaperone-mediated autophagy, Human Molecular Genetics, vol.19, issue.16, pp.3219-3232, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/ddq231

B. O. Rourke, Mechanisms of Atiyltered Excitation-Contraction Coupling in Experimental Studies, Heart, vol.84, issue.5, pp.562-570, 1999.

C. Savoye, Left Ventricular Remodeling After Anterior Wall Acute Myocardial Infarction in Modern Clinical Practice (from the REmodelage VEntriculaire [REVE] Study Group), The American Journal of Cardiology, vol.98, issue.9, pp.1144-1153, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amjcard.2006.06.011

A. Saxena, I. Russo, and N. G. Frangogiannis, Inflammation as a therapeutic target in myocardial infarction: learning from past failures to meet future challenges, Translational Research, vol.167, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.07.002

F. Scarlatti, Role of non-canonical Beclin 1-independent autophagy in cell death induced by resveratrol in human breast cancer cells, Cell Death and Differentiation, vol.390, issue.8, pp.1318-1329, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygyno.2007.07.065

G. Schaart, Desmin and titin expression in early postimplantation mouse embryos, Development, vol.107, issue.3, pp.585-596, 1989.

J. Schaper, Impairment of the myocardial ultrastructure and changes of the cytoskeleton in dilated cardiomyopathy, Circulation, vol.83, issue.2, pp.504-514, 1991.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.83.2.504

S. E. Senyo, Mammalian heart renewal by pre-existing cardiomyocytes, Nature, vol.331, issue.7432, pp.433-436, 2012.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1200708

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3548046/pdf

I. Shchemelinin, L. Sefc, and E. Necas, Protein kinases, their function and implication in cancer and other diseases, Folia Biologica, vol.52, pp.81-100, 2006.

F. Shearer, C. C. Lang, and A. D. Struthers, Renin???Angiotensin???Aldosterone System Inhibitors in Heart Failure, Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics, vol.9, issue.4, pp.459-467, 2013.
DOI : 10.1038/nrcardio.2012.134

S. E. Shires and Å. B. Gustafsson, Mitophagy and heart failure, Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol.110, issue.3, pp.253-262, 2015.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.1216197110

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4334711/pdf

N. T. Snider and M. B. Omary, Post-translational modifications of intermediate filament proteins: mechanisms and functions, Nature Reviews Molecular Cell Biology, vol.15, issue.3, pp.163-77, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tcb.2005.09.004

R. J. Solaro, Sarcomere Control Mechanisms and the Dynamics of the Cardiac Cycle, Journal of Biomedicine and Biotechnology, vol.12, issue.4, p.105648, 2010.
DOI : 10.1023/B:MCBI.0000049141.37823.19

S. Sossalla, Inhibition of Elevated Ca2+/Calmodulin-Dependent Protein Kinase II Improves Contractility in Human Failing Myocardium, Circulation Research, vol.107, issue.9, pp.1150-1161, 2010.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.110.220418

K. Spaendonck-zwarts, Desmin-related myopathy, Clinical Genetics, vol.154, issue.4, pp.354-366, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ahj.2007.07.038

F. Stricher, HSPA8/HSC70 chaperone protein, Autophagy, vol.60, issue.12, pp.1937-1954, 2013.
DOI : 10.1136/annrheumdis-2012-202460

URL : http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.4161/auto.26448?needAccess=true

T. Shintani and D. J. Klionsky, Autophagy in Health and Disease: A Double-Edged Sword, Science, vol.306, issue.5698, pp.990-995, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1099993

M. St-john-sutton, Quantitative two-dimensional echocardiographic measurements are major predictors of adverse cardiovascular events after acute myocardial infarction. The protective effects of captopril, Circulation, vol.89, issue.1, pp.68-75, 1994.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.89.1.68

H. Taegtmeyer, Switching Metabolic Genes to Build a Better Heart, Circulation, vol.106, issue.16, pp.2043-2045, 2002.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.0000036760.42319.3F

H. Taegtmeyer, S. Sen, and D. Vela, Return to the fetal gene program, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.105, issue.1, pp.191-198, 2010.
DOI : 10.1161/01.CIR.94.9.2285

W. H. Tang, National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry Laboratory Medicine Practice Guidelines: Clinical Utilization of Cardiac Biomarker Testing in Heart Failure, Clinical Biochemistry, vol.41, issue.4-5, pp.99-109, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.clinbiochem.2007.07.002

P. Tannous, Intracellular Protein Aggregation Is a Proximal Trigger of Cardiomyocyte Autophagy, Circulation, vol.117, issue.24, pp.3070-3078, 2008.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.107.763870

Y. K. Tham, Pathophysiology of cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure: signaling pathways and novel therapeutic targets, Archives of Toxicology, vol.114, issue.1, pp.1401-1438, 2015.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.113.302421

L. Thornell, Null Mutation in the Desmin Gene Gives Rise to a Cardiomyopathy, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol.29, issue.8, pp.2107-2124, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/jmcc.1997.0446

T. Thottakara, The E3 ubiquitin ligase Asb2?? is downregulated in a mouse model of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and targets desmin for proteasomal degradation, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol.87, pp.214-224, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.08.020

K. Thygesen, Third Universal Definition of Myocardial Infarction, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.60, issue.16, pp.1581-1598, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2012.08.001

S. R. Tiyyagura and S. P. Pinney, Left ventricular remodeling after myocardial infarction: past, present, and future, Mount Sinai Journal of Medicine, vol.73, issue.6, pp.840-851, 2006.

G. J. Tortora and B. H. Derrickson, Principales of Anatomy and Physiology, 11th Edition, J. & Sons, pp.20-29, 2006.

C. Wang and X. Wang, The interplay between autophagy and the ubiquitin???proteasome system in cardiac proteotoxicity, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, vol.1852, issue.2, pp.188-194, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.07.028

X. Wang, Desmin filaments and cardiac disease: Establishing causality, Journal of Cardiac Failure, vol.8, issue.6, pp.287-292, 2002.
DOI : 10.1054/jcaf.2002.129279

Z. Wang and J. A. Hill, Protein Quality Control and Metabolism: Bidirectional Control in the Heart, Cell Metabolism, vol.21, issue.2, pp.215-226, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cmet.2015.01.016

C. C. Weihl, Monitoring Autophagy in the Treatment of Protein Aggregate Diseases: Steps Toward Identifying Autophagic Biomarkers, Neurotherapeutics, vol.7, issue.3, pp.383-390, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/hmg/dds524

D. L. Winter, Posttranslational modifications of desmin and their implication in biological processes and pathologies, Histochemistry and Cell Biology, vol.334, issue.2, pp.1-16, 2014.
DOI : 10.1006/abbi.1996.0449

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01545739

S. C. Wu and R. J. Solaro, Protein Kinase C ??, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.264, issue.42, pp.30691-30698, 2007.
DOI : 10.1006/abbi.1998.0857

S. Yar, M. M. Monasky, and R. J. Solaro, Maladaptive modifications in myofilament proteins and triggers in the progression to heart failure and sudden death, Pfl??gers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology, vol.288, issue.23, pp.1189-97, 2014.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M113.458695

Z. Yin, J. Ren, and W. Guo, Sarcomeric protein isoform transitions in cardiac muscle: A journey to heart failure, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Basis of Disease, vol.1852, issue.1, pp.47-52, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbadis.2014.11.003

P. Zhai, Differential Roles of GSK-3?? During Myocardial Ischemia and Ischemia/Reperfusion, Circulation Research, vol.109, issue.5, pp.502-511, 2011.
DOI : 10.1161/CIRCRESAHA.111.249532

H. Zhang, Selective degradation of aggregate-prone CryAB mutants by HSPB1 is mediated by ubiquitin???proteasome pathways, Journal of Molecular and Cellular Cardiology, vol.49, issue.6, pp.918-948, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2010.09.004

H. Zhang and F. Burrows, Targeting multiple signal transduction pathways through inhibition of Hsp90, Journal of Molecular Medicine, vol.82, issue.8, pp.488-499, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00109-004-0549-9

K. Zhang and R. J. Kaufman, From endoplasmic-reticulum stress to the inflammatory response, Nature, vol.307, issue.7203, pp.455-462, 2008.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI0216886

Y. Zhao, 1.2/CaM/CaMKII Signaling Pathway in the Left Ventricular Myocardium of Ischemic Rat Hearts, DNA and Cell Biology, vol.33, issue.5, pp.282-290, 2014.
DOI : 10.1089/dna.2013.2231

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00148681

H. Zheng, Doxycycline Attenuates Protein Aggregation in Cardiomyocytes and Improves Survival of a Mouse Model of Cardiac Proteinopathy, Journal of the American College of Cardiology, vol.56, issue.17, pp.1418-1426, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jacc.2010.01.075

H. Zhu, Cardiac autophagy is a maladaptive response to hemodynamic stress, Journal of Clinical Investigation, vol.117, issue.7, pp.1782-93, 2007.
DOI : 10.1172/JCI27523DS1