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. Dans-le-cadre-de-notre-Étude, des irradiations aux électrons de 1 MeV ont été conduites au Microscope Electronique à Très Haute Tension (THT) du SRMA (Figure D.1.1) Au cours de l'irradiation, nous mesurons le courant ? 6 recueilli sur l'écran. Connaissant l'aire ¢ ^ ~ du diaphragme de sélection d'aire$$? 6 , il est possible de calculer le flux des électrons incidents selon l'expression suivante

T. Pour-le, un courant moyen de 83 nA. L'aire du diaphragme ? 6 étant égale à 6,15×10 -9 cm², le flux moyen des électrons est de 8,43×10 19 e/cm²/s. En considérant une section efficace de 30 barn pour les électrons d'énergie de 1 MeV, nous déduisons à partir de l'équation Eq I.2

L. Boucles-de-dislocation and <. , que nous souhaitons imager ont un vecteur de Burgers de type < ! > ( ? 45 = @/3 < @@P A : >) Trois familles de boucles sont à distinguer selon que le vecteur de Burgers est suivant

. Pour-notre-Étude, les boucles de dislocation < ! > sont imagées avec un vecteur de diffraction de typê 5 = @@P A : afin d'

B. La-boucle, *. Se-situe-entres-les-plans-prismatiques, $. P@@:-+, and . @@, Nous notons que les boucles de dislocation < ! > ne sont pas rigoureusement situées dans les plans prismatiques de type$?@:@:?$mais qu'elles se situent entre les plans ?@:@:? et$$?@@P:?. Ce fait a été démontré par Jostsons, Kelly et Blake [4] ( § I.2.3.1, Figure I.2.4 (a) et Figure I.2.4 (b))

. Cette-Étude-permet-aussi-de-rendre-compte-de, orientation de la lame mince sur la proportion des boucles < ! > interstitielles et lacunaires. Pour des faibles valeurs de$$¹, les boucles de dislocation < ! > interstitielles et lacunaires coexistent Au-delà d'une valeur seuil d'environ 8°, la croissance des boucles < ! > lacunaires est favorisée par rapport à celle des boucles < ! > interstitielles. Cette valeur seuil est déduite des courbes de tendance représentées dans la Figure D.2.11. Comme ces courbes regroupent à la fois nos résultats issus des irradiations de Zircaloy-4 recristallisé TREX à 580°C et

M. Griffiths, M. H. Loretto, R. E. Smallman, C. Hellio, C. H. Novion et al., Anisotropic distribution of dislocation loops in HVEM irradiated Zr Etude par microscopie électronique à transmission des défauts induits par irradiation aux ions et aux électrons dans du zirconium pur et quatre de ces alliages Influence of alloying elements on the dislocation loops created by Zr ion or by electron irradiation in ?-Zr The nature of dislocation loops in neutron irradiated zirconium The characterization of dislocation loops in neutron irradiated zirconium Approche expérimentale et modélisation micromécanique du comportement en fluage des alliages de zirconium irradiés Characterization of neutron irradiation damage in zirconium alloys -An international 'Round-Robin' experiment Electron damage in zirconium -I. Defect structure and loop character, Thèse de doctorat Thèse de doctorat confidentielle, pp.613-624, 1973.