D. Kearns and M. Calvin, Photovoltaic Effect and Photoconductivity in Laminated Organic Systems, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.24, issue.4, p.950, 1958.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.43.1.105

C. W. Tang, Two???layer organic photovoltaic cell, Applied Physics Letters, vol.38, issue.2, pp.183-258, 1986.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1743311

C. C. Greenham-;-s, . H. Moratti-;-r, . B. Friend-;-a, and . Holmes, (13) Halls, Nature J. J. M Nature, vol.365, issue.376, pp.628-630, 1993.

G. Yu, A. J. Heeger, G. Yu, J. Gao, J. C. Hummelen et al., Charge separation and photovoltaic conversion in polymer composites with internal donor/acceptor heterojunctions, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.54, issue.7, pp.4510-270, 1995.
DOI : 10.1063/1.359056

J. Brédas, D. Beljonne, and V. Coropceanu, Charge-Transfer and Energy-Transfer Processes in ??-Conjugated Oligomers and Polymers:?? A Molecular Picture, Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.11, pp.4971-5003, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cr040084k

J. Nunzi, Comptes Rendus Phys, pp.523-542, 2002.

H. Hoppe and N. S. Sariciftci, Morphology of polymer/fullerene bulk heterojunction solar cells, J. Mater. Chem., vol.152, issue.404, pp.45-61, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.synthmet.2005.07.195

B. Kan, M. Li, Q. Zhang, F. Liu, X. Wan et al., A Series of Simple Oligomer-like Small Molecules Based on Oligothiophenes for Solution-Processed Solar Cells with High Efficiency, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.137, issue.11, pp.3886-3893, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/jacs.5b00305

S. K. Hau, H. Yip, A. K. Jen, and -. , A Review on the Development of the Inverted Polymer Solar Cell Architecture, Polymer Reviews, vol.99, issue.4, pp.474-510, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.06.019

S. K. Hau, H. Yip, J. Zou, A. K. Jen, and -. , Indium tin oxide-free semi-transparent inverted polymer solar cells using conducting polymer as both bottom and top electrodes, Organic Electronics, vol.10, issue.7, pp.1401-1407, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.06.019

S. Miyanishi, K. Tajima, and K. Hashimoto, Morphological Stabilization of Polymer Photovoltaic Cells by Using Cross-Linkable Poly(3-(5-hexenyl)thiophene), Macromolecules, vol.42, issue.5, pp.1610-1618, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ma802839a

T. Ameri, G. Dennler, C. Lungenschmied, C. Brabec, R. A. Janssen et al., Organic tandem solar cells: A review, Energy & Environmental Science, vol.16, issue.12, pp.347-1847, 1961.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200600160

D. Vos and A. , Detailed balance limit of the efficiency of tandem solar cells, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol.13, issue.5, p.839, 1980.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3727/13/5/018

I. Etxebarria, A. Furlan, J. Ajuria, F. W. Fecher, M. Voigt et al., Series vs parallel connected organic tandem solar cells: Cell performance and impact on the design and operation of functional modules, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol.130, pp.495-504, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.07.047

Y. Kim, S. Cook, S. M. Tuladhar, S. A. Choulis, J. Nelson et al., A strong regioregularity effect in self-organizing conjugated polymer films and high-efficiency polythiophene:fullerene solar cells, Nature Materials, vol.60, issue.3, pp.197-203, 2006.
DOI : 10.1038/nmat1574

Y. Yao, J. Hou, Z. Xu, G. Li, and Y. Yang, Effects of Solvent Mixtures on the Nanoscale Phase Separation in Polymer Solar Cells, Advanced Functional Materials, vol.90, issue.12, pp.1783-1789, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/adfm.200701459

X. Zhu, F. Zhang, Q. An, H. Huang, Q. Sun et al., Effect of solvent additive and ethanol treatment on the performance of PIDTDTQx:PC71BM polymer solar cells, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol.132, pp.528-534, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.solmat.2014.10.006

B. C. Thompson and J. M. Fréchet, Polymer???Fullerene Composite Solar Cells, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.18, issue.404, pp.58-77, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200501717

I. Riedel and V. Dyakonov, Influence of electronic transport properties of polymer-fullerene blends on the performance of bulk heterojunction photovoltaic devices, physica status solidi (a), vol.201, issue.6, pp.1332-1341, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/pssa.200404333

T. Yohannes, ;. F. Zhang, and M. C. Svensson-;-j, Polyfluorene copolymer based bulk heterojunction solar cells, Thin Solid Films, vol.449, issue.1-2, pp.152-157, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(03)01348-8

M. Zhang, X. Guo, X. Wang, H. Wang, and Y. Li, Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of D???A Copolymers Based on Alkyl-Substituted Indacenodithiophene Donor Unit, Chemistry of Materials, vol.23, issue.18, pp.4264-4270, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/cm2019586

H. Zhou, L. Yang, S. C. Price, and K. Knight, Enhanced Photovoltaic Performance of Low-Bandgap Polymers with Deep LUMO Levels, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.131, issue.43, pp.7992-7995, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200906934

N. Blouin and M. Leclerc, Poly(2,7-carbazole)s: Structure???Property Relationships, Accounts of Chemical Research, vol.41, issue.9, pp.1110-1119, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ar800057k

N. Blouin, A. Michaud, and M. Leclerc, A Low-Bandgap Poly(2,7-Carbazole) Derivative for Use in High-Performance Solar Cells, Advanced Materials, vol.11, issue.17, pp.2295-2300, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200602496

M. C. Scharber, M. Koppe, J. Gao, F. Cordella, M. A. Loi et al., Influence of the Bridging Atom on the Performance of a Low-Bandgap Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cell, Advanced Materials, vol.89, issue.3, pp.367-370, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200900529

R. C. Coffin, J. Peet, J. Rogers, and G. C. Bazan, Streamlined microwave-assisted preparation of narrow-bandgap conjugated polymers for high-performance bulk heterojunction solar cells, Nature Chemistry, vol.92, issue.8, pp.657-661, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nchem.403

J. Ohshita, Y. Hwang, T. Mizumo, H. Yoshida, Y. Ooyama et al., Synthesis of Dithienogermole-Containing ??-Conjugated Polymers and Applications to Photovoltaic Cells, Organometallics, vol.30, issue.12, pp.3233-3236, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/om200081b

D. H. Kim, H. J. Song, S. W. Heo, K. W. Song, and D. K. Moon, Enhanced photocurrent generation by high molecular weight random copolymer consisting of benzothiadiazole and quinoxaline as donor materials, Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, vol.120, pp.94-101, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.solmat.2013.08.021

S. C. Price, A. C. Stuart, L. Yang, H. Zhou, and W. You, Fluorine Substituted Conjugated Polymer of Medium Band Gap Yields 7% Efficiency in Polymer???Fullerene Solar Cells, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.133, issue.12, pp.4625-4631, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/ja1112595

N. Blouin, A. Michaud, D. Gendron, S. Wakim, E. Blair et al., Toward a Rational Design of Poly(2,7-Carbazole) Derivatives for Solar Cells, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.130, issue.2, pp.732-742, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ja0771989

Q. Fan, M. Xiao, Y. Liu, W. Su, H. Gao et al., Improved photovoltaic performance of a 2D-conjugated benzodithiophene-based polymer by the side chain engineering of quinoxaline, Polym. Chem., vol.135, issue.23, pp.4290-4298, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/ja406220a

E. Zhou, S. Yamakawa, K. Tajima, C. Yang, and K. Hashimoto, Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Donor???Acceptor Copolymers, Chemistry of Materials, vol.21, issue.17, pp.4055-4061, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/cm901487f

Y. Cheng, S. Yang, and C. Hsu, Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications, Chemical Reviews, vol.109, issue.11, pp.5868-5923, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/cr900182s

R. Demadrille, M. Firon, J. Leroy, P. Rannou, and A. Pron, Plastic Solar Cells Based on Fluorenone-Containing Oligomers and Regioregular Alternate Copolymers, Advanced Functional Materials, vol.119, issue.9, pp.1547-1552, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/adfm.200500117

S. Roquet, R. De-bettignies, P. Leriche, A. Cravino, and J. Roncali, Bin Kan; Miaomiao Li; Qian Zhang; Feng Liu; Xiangjian Wan; Yunchuang Wang; Wang Ni; Guankui Long; Xuan Yang; Huanran Feng; Yi Zuo; Mingtao Zhang; Fei Huang; Yong Cao; Thomas P. Russell; Yongsheng Chen, J. Mater. Chem. J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.16, issue.137, pp.3040-3886, 2006.

D. M. Leeuw, M. M. Simenon, A. R. Brown, and R. E. Einerhand, Stability of n-type doped conducting polymers and consequences for polymeric microelectronic devices, Synthetic Metals, vol.87, issue.1, pp.53-59, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0379-6779(97)80097-5

A. Pron, P. Gawrys, M. Zagorska, D. Djurado, R. Demadrille et al., Electroactive materials for organic electronics: preparation strategies, structural aspects and characterization techniques, Chemical Society Reviews, vol.93, issue.7, pp.2577-172, 1446.
DOI : 10.1007/12_2008_139

J. Kim, BongSoo Kim; In-Nam Kang; Won Suk Shin; Do-Hoon Hwang, Chem. Mater. 2014, vol.26, pp.1234-1242

C. Cabanetos, A. E. Labban, J. A. Bartelt, J. D. Douglas, W. R. Mateker et al., ]pyrrole-4,6-dione Polymers Direct Self-Assembly and Solar Cell Performance, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.135, issue.12, pp.4656-4659, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/ja400365b

C. H. Peters, I. T. Sachs-quintana, J. P. Kastrop, S. Beaupré, M. Leclerc et al., High Efficiency Polymer Solar Cells with Long Operating Lifetimes, Advanced Energy Materials, vol.403, issue.4, pp.491-494, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6090(01)01589-9

G. Li, V. Shrotriya, J. Huang, Y. Yao, T. Moriarty et al., High-efficiency solution processable polymer photovoltaic cells by self-organization of polymer blends, Nature Materials, vol.84, issue.11, pp.864-868, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nmat1500

Y. Wen and Y. Liu, Recent Progress in n-Channel Organic Thin-Film Transistors, Advanced Materials, vol.17, issue.12, pp.1331-1345, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200402077

V. Kamm, G. Battagliarin, I. A. Howard, W. Pisula, A. Mavrinskiy et al., Polythiophene:Perylene Diimide Solar Cells - the Impact of Alkyl-Substitution on the Photovoltaic Performance, Advanced Energy Materials, vol.47, issue.18, pp.297-302, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200705385

Y. Hwang, T. Earmme, B. A. Courtright, F. N. Eberle, and S. A. Jenekhe, n-Type Semiconducting Naphthalene Diimide-Perylene Diimide Copolymers: Controlling Crystallinity, Blend Morphology, and Compatibility Toward High-Performance All-Polymer Solar Cells, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.137, issue.13, pp.4424-4434, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/ja513260w

J. Kim, C. E. Song, and B. Kim, ???]dithiophene as a Promising Building Block for Low Bandgap Semiconducting Polymers for High-Performance Single and Tandem Organic Photovoltaic Cells, Chemistry of Materials, vol.26, issue.2, pp.1234-1242, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/cm4035903

A. A. Sarhan and C. Bolm, Iron(iii) chloride in oxidative C???C coupling reactions, Chemical Society Reviews, vol.11, issue.9, pp.2730-76, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-4039(95)01037-I

A. Gadisa, M. Svensson, M. R. Andersson, and O. Inganäs, 1609. (38) Polec, I.; Henckens, A, Appl. Phys. Lett. N. S. J. Polym. Sci. Part Polym. Chem, vol.84, issue.97, pp.41-1034, 2003.

S. H. Chen, A. C. Su, and S. A. Chen, -octyl-2,7-fluorene), The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.109, issue.20, pp.10067-10072, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp044079w
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00099905

M. Brinkmann and J. Wittmann, Orientation of Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene) by Directional Solidification: A Simple Method to Reveal the Semicrystalline Structure of a Conjugated Polymer, Advanced Materials, vol.14, issue.7, pp.860-863, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200501838

J. Peet, J. Y. Kim, N. E. Coates, W. L. Ma, D. Moses et al., Efficiency enhancement in low-bandgap polymer solar cells by processing with alkane dithiols, Nature Materials, vol.19, issue.7, pp.497-500, 2007.
DOI : 10.1038/nmat1928

M. Hao, X. Li, K. Shi, D. Xie, X. Zeng et al., Highly efficient photovoltaics and field-effect transistors based on copolymers of mono-fluorinated benzothiadiazole and quaterthiophene: synthesis and effect of the molecular weight on device performance, Polym. Chem., vol.6, issue.33, pp.6050-6057, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/am500891z

S. Mataka, K. Takahashi, Y. Ikezaki, T. Hatta, A. Tori-i et al., Sulfur Nitride in Organic Chemistry. Part 19. Selective Formation of Benzo- and Benzobis[1,2,5]thiadiazole Skeleton in the Reaction of Tetrasulfur Tetranitride with Naphthalenols and Related Compounds, Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Japan, vol.64, issue.1, pp.68-73, 1991.
DOI : 10.1246/bcsj.64.68

F. Lincker, B. Heinrich, R. De-bettignies, P. Rannou, J. Pécaut et al., Fluorenone core donor???acceptor???donor ??-conjugated molecules end-capped with dendritic oligo(thiophene)s: synthesis, liquid crystalline behaviour, and photovoltaic applications, Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol.19, issue.29, p.5238, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/adfm.200801189

Y. Cheng, S. Yang, and C. Hsu, Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications, Chemical Reviews, vol.109, issue.11, pp.5868-5923, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/cr900182s

K. L. Chan, M. J. Mckiernan, C. R. Towns, and A. B. Holmes, Poly(2,7-dibenzosilole):?? A Blue Light Emitting Polymer, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.127, issue.21, pp.7662-7663, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/ja0508065

B. Grévin, P. Rannou, R. Payerne, A. Pron, and J. Travers, Scanning Tunneling Microscopy Investigations of Self-Organized Poly(3-hexylthiophene) Two-Dimensional Polycrystals, Macromolecules, pp.881-884, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/adma.200304580

D. W. Zhao, P. Liu, X. W. Sun, S. T. Tan, L. Ke et al., 153304. (30) Progress in High-Efficient Solution Process Organic Photovoltaic Devices, Appl. Phys. Lett. Eds.; Topics in Applied Physics J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.95, issue.1324, pp.1377-1382, 2009.

J. Warnan, C. Cabanetos, R. Bude, A. E. Labban, L. Li et al., ]pyrrole-4,6-dione Yield Efficient Polymer Solar Cells with Open-Circuit Voltages > 1 V, Chemistry of Materials, vol.26, issue.9, pp.2829-2835, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/cm5002303

D. L. Dexter, A Theory of Sensitized Luminescence in Solids, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.7, issue.5, p.836, 1953.
DOI : 10.1364/JOSA.42.000910

N. Blouin and M. Leclerc, Poly(2,7-carbazole)s: Structure???Property Relationships, Accounts of Chemical Research, vol.41, issue.9, pp.1110-1119, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ar800057k

E. Zhou, J. Cong, K. Tajima, and K. Hashimoto, Synthesis and Photovoltaic Properties of Donor???Acceptor Copolymers Based on 5,8-Dithien-2-yl-2,3-diphenylquinoxaline, Chemistry of Materials, vol.22, issue.17, pp.4890-4895, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/cm101677x

Y. Cheng, S. Yang, and C. Hsu, Synthesis of Conjugated Polymers for Organic Solar Cell Applications, Chemical Reviews, vol.109, issue.11, pp.5868-5923, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/cr900182s

R. Steim, F. R. Kogler, and C. J. Brabec, Interface materials for organic solar cells, Journal of Materials Chemistry, vol.92, issue.1, p.2499, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orgel.2009.03.016

W. Liu, H. Shi, W. Fu, L. Zuo, L. Wang et al., Efficient ternary blend polymer solar cells with a bipolar diketopyrrolopyrrole small molecule as cascade material, Organic Electronics, vol.25, pp.219-224, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.orgel.2015.06.043

M. Koppe, H. Egelhaaf, G. Dennler, M. C. Scharber, C. J. Brabec et al., Near IR Sensitization of Organic Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Towards Optimization of the Spectral Response of Organic Solar Cells, Advanced Functional Materials, vol.215, issue.2, pp.338-346, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2777724

B. E. Hardin, E. T. Hoke, P. B. Armstrong, J. Yum, P. Comte et al., Increased light harvesting in dye-sensitized solar cells with energy relay dyes, Nature Photonics, vol.82, issue.7, pp.406-411, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/nphoton.2009.96

Q. Wei, T. Nishizawa, K. Tajima, and K. Hashimoto, Self-Organized Buffer Layers in Organic Solar Cells, Advanced Materials, vol.48, issue.11, pp.2211-2216, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-05187-0_5

A. J. Esswein and D. G. Nocera, Hydrogen Production by Molecular Photocatalysis, Chemical Reviews, vol.107, issue.10, pp.4022-4047, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/cr050193e

R. E. Rocheleau, E. L. Miller, and A. Misra, High-Efficiency Photoelectrochemical Hydrogen Production Using Multijunction Amorphous Silicon Photoelectrodes, Energy & Fuels, vol.12, issue.1, pp.3-10, 1998.
DOI : 10.1021/ef9701347

. Waluk, Influence of protonation upon excited states of diazanaphthalenes. Semi-empirical study of phthalazine and quinoxaline, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.63, issue.3, pp.579-583, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2614(79)80718-6

. Mhz, 41 (d, J = 3, 2H), 7.53 (d, J = 5.2 Hz, 2H)dd, J = 5.2 Hz, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 6.72 (d, J = 3.6 Hz, 2H), 2.89 (t, J = 8.0 Hz, 4H), pp.8-02765, 2019.

. Bis, 20 g, 0.54 mmol, 1 eq.) was solubilised in ethanol (10 mL) and aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid 30% (4 mL) The flask was dipped in a themostated oil bath at 70°C. Then, tin(II)chloride (0.62 g, 3.26 mmol, 6 eq.) was added After 1.5 hour, the temperature slowly decreased to room temperature Then CHCl 3 (8 mL) and aqueous solution of NH3 28% (3.20 mL) were added. The mixture was stirred 1.5 hour at room temperature. Then, the organic compound was extracted by CHCl3, washed by a 0.5 M aqueous solution of NaOH, washed by water, dried over MgSO4 and concentrated. The orange compound obtained was solubilised in acetic acid (10 mL) under argon, then 1,2-bis(5-octylthiophen-2-yl)ethane-1,2-dione (1) (0.24 g, 0.54 mmol, 1 eq.) was added. The flask was dipped in a thermostated oil bath at 70°C. After 18 hours, the temperature was decreased to room temperature. Water was added and organic compounds were extracted by CH2Cl2. The organic layer was washed by water, p.6