A. , E. J. Kalinka, S. Smith, L. Francis, M. J. Marenghi et al., A pHsensitive fluor, CypHer 5, used to monitor agonist-induced G protein-coupled receptor internalization in live cells, Biotechniques, vol.33, pp.1152-1156, 2002.

A. , B. Mestre, D. Martinez-martin, and N. , The immunological synapse: a cause or consequence of T-cell receptor triggering?, Immunology, vol.133, pp.420-425, 2011.

A. , C. D. Okada, T. Cyster, and J. G. , Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics, vol.27, pp.190-202, 2007.

A. , K. J. Pollard, and T. D. , Direct real-time observation of actin filament branching mediated by Arp2/3 complex using total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.98, pp.15009-15022, 2001.

A. , L. Anton, O. M. Alonso, and M. A. , Centrosome polarization in T cells: a task for formins. Front Immunol, 4, p.191, 2013.

A. , L. Anton, O. M. Bartolini, F. Ruiz-saenz, A. Correas et al., INF2 promotes the formation of detyrosinated microtubules necessary for centrosome reorientation in T cells, J Cell Biol, vol.198, pp.1025-1062, 2012.

A. , A. Espeli, M. Chasson, L. Mancini, S. J. Schiff et al., Galectin 1 modulates plasma cell homeostasis and regulates the humoral immune response, J Immunol, vol.190, pp.5526-5559, 2013.

A. , K. L. Griffiths, and G. M. , Cell polarisation and the immunological synapse, Curr Opin Cell Biol, vol.25, pp.85-91, 2013.

A. , E. Vehlow, A. Harwood, N. E. Vigorito, E. Henderson et al., Activation of the small GTPase Rac2 via the B cell receptor regulates B cell adhesion and immunological-synapse formation, Immunity, vol.28, pp.88-99, 2008.

B. , Y. Kurosaki, and T. , Impact of Ca2+ signaling on B cell function, Trends Immunol, vol.32, pp.589-94, 2011.

B. , J. L. Mitsuma, N. Beales, P. L. Katsanis, and N. , The ciliopathies: an emerging class of human genetic disorders, Annu Rev Genomics Hum Genet, vol.7, pp.125-173, 2006.

B. , A. S. Cypher, C. Mole-bajer, J. Howard, and H. M. , Taxol-induced anaphase reversal: evidence that elongating microtubules can exert a pushing force in living cells, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.79, pp.6569-73, 1982.

B. , O. Dobberstein, and B. , MHC class II-associated invariant chain contains a sorting signal for endosomal compartments, Cell, vol.63, pp.707-723, 1990.

B. , B. E. Ciocca, M. L. Goenka, R. Barnett, L. G. Wu et al., Asymmetric B cell division in the germinal center reaction, Science, vol.335, pp.342-346, 2012.

B. , N. Forquet, F. Davoust, and J. , Actin microfilaments control the MHC class II antigen presentation pathway in B cells, J Cell Sci, vol.111, pp.1791-800, 1998.

B. , F. Moseley, J. B. Schmoranzer, J. Cassimeris, L. Goode et al., The formin mDia2 stabilizes microtubules independently of its actin nucleation activity, J Cell Biol, vol.181, pp.523-559, 2008.

F. D. Batista and N. E. Harwood, The who, how and where of antigen presentation to B cells, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.9, pp.15-27, 2009.

F. D. Batista, D. Iber, and M. S. Neuberger, B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation, Nature, vol.411, pp.489-94, 2001.

F. D. Batista and M. S. Neuberger, Affinity dependence of the B cell response to antigen: a threshold, a ceiling, and the importance of off-rate, Immunity, vol.8, pp.751-760, 1998.

B. , J. P. Viou, L. Launay, P. S. Luccardini, C. Espeso et al., Tangentially migrating neurons assemble a primary cilium that promotes their reorientation to the cortical plate, Neuron, vol.76, pp.1108-1130, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01541253

B. , B. Kunda, and P. , Actin nucleation: spire-actin nucleator in a class of its own, Curr Biol, vol.15, pp.305-313, 2005.

B. , C. C. Pollard, and T. D. , Identification of functionally important residues of Arp2/3 complex by analysis of homology models from diverse species, J Mol Biol, vol.336, pp.551-65, 2004.

B. , F. Esquerre, M. Petit, A. E. Rodrigues, M. Duchez et al., Activation of the ancestral polarity regulator protein kinase C zeta at the immunological synapse drives polarization of Th cell secretory machinery toward APCs, J Immunol, vol.185, pp.2887-94, 2010.

B. , L. Boujemaa-paterski, R. Sykes, C. Plastino, and J. , Actin dynamics, architecture, and mechanics in cell motility, Physiol Rev, vol.94, pp.235-63, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00943523

J. P. Bombardier and M. Munson, Three steps forward, two steps back: mechanistic insights into the assembly and disassembly of the SNARE complex, Curr Opin Chem Biol, vol.29, pp.66-71, 2015.

E. I. Boyle, S. Weng, J. Gollub, J. , H. Botstein et al., GO::TermFinder-open source software for accessing Gene Ontology information and finding significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms associated with a list of genes, Bioinformatics, vol.20, pp.3710-3715, 2004.

B. K. Brown and W. Song, The actin cytoskeleton is required for the trafficking of the B cell antigen receptor to the late endosomes, Traffic, vol.2, pp.414-441, 2001.

B. , A. M. , D. , R. Folda, A. Massimino et al., Thrombin-induced tyrosine phosphorylation of HS1 in human platelets is sequentially catalyzed by Syk and Lyn tyrosine kinases and associated with the cellular migration of the protein, J Biol Chem, vol.280, pp.21029-21064, 2005.

B. , A. Nadezhdina, E. Slepchenko, B. Rodionov, and V. , Centrosome positioning in interphase cells, J Cell Biol, vol.162, pp.963-972, 2003.

B. , A. V. Nadezhdina, and E. S. , Association of nucleus and centrosome: magnet or velcro?, Cell Biol Int, vol.37, pp.95-104, 2013.

B. , M. Keppler, S. J. Gasparrini, F. Martinez-martin, N. Gaya et al., Cdc42 is a key regulator of B cell differentiation and is required for antiviral humoral immunity, J Exp Med, vol.212, pp.53-72, 2015.

B. , A. Casano, A. M. Kuster, A. Arold, S. T. Wang et al., Increased activity of the vesicular soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive factor attachment protein receptor TIVAMP/VAMP7 by tyrosine phosphorylation in the Longin domain, J Biol Chem, vol.288, pp.11960-72, 2013.

C. , L. N. Detmar, and M. , Galectin-8 interacts with podoplanin and modulates lymphatic endothelial cell functions, Exp Cell Res, vol.315, pp.1715-1738, 2009.

C. , R. D. Liu, F. T. Varki, A. Cummings, R. D. Esko et al., Galectins, Essentials of Glycobiology, 2009.

C. , A. F. Gaspal, F. Serre, K. Mohr, E. Henderson et al., Salmonella induces a switched antibody response without germinal centers that impedes the extracellular spread of infection, J Immunol, vol.178, pp.6200-6207, 2007.

D. , R. R. Yonetani, A. Chang, and F. , Asymmetric microtubule pushing forces in nuclear centering, Curr Biol, vol.16, pp.1544-50, 2006.

D. E. La-roche, M. Ritter, A. T. , A. , K. L. Dinsmore et al., Hedgehog signaling controls T cell killing at the immunological synapse, Science, vol.342, pp.1247-50, 2013.

D. E. Silva, N. S. Klein, and U. , Dynamics of B cells in germinal centres, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.15, pp.137-185, 2015.

D. , L. Pack, M. Chang, H. Mellman, I. Trombetta et al., Differential lysosomal proteolysis in antigen-presenting cells determines antigen fate, Science, vol.307, pp.1630-1634, 2005.

D. , V. M. Nugnes, L. G. Colombo, L. L. Troncoso, M. F. Fernandez et al., Modulation of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis: a novel function for the "tandem-repeat" lectin galectin-8, FASEB J, vol.25, pp.242-54, 2011.

D. , J. R214, L. K. Denzin, and P. Cresswell, HLA-DM induces CLIP dissociation from MHC class II alpha beta dimers and facilitates peptide loading, Curr Biol, vol.10, pp.155-65, 1995.

D. , L. K. Sant'angelo, D. B. Hammond, C. Surman, M. J. Cresswell et al., Negative regulation by HLA-DO of MHC class II-restricted antigen processing, Science, vol.278, pp.106-115, 1997.

D. , D. Weber, M. Treanor, B. Fleire, S. J. Carrasco et al., Early events of B cell activation by antigen, Sci Signal, vol.2, p.1, 2009.

D. , E. Sousa, C. Gautier, J. J. Lombard, B. Loew et al., The Arp2/3 activator WASH controls the fission of endosomes through a large multiprotein complex, Dev Cell, vol.17, pp.712-735, 2009.

D. , A. D. Alberts, and A. S. , Microtubule stabilization: formins assert their independence, Curr Biol, vol.18, pp.605-613, 2008.

D. , S. Cao, Z. Leffler, H. Panjwani, and N. , The role of integrin glycosylation in galectin-8-mediated trabecular meshwork cell adhesion and spreading, Glycobiology, vol.19, pp.29-37, 2009.

D. , M. Kerssemakers, J. W. Romet-lemonne, G. Janson, and M. E. , Force generation by dynamic microtubules, Curr Opin Cell Biol, vol.17, pp.67-74, 2005.

F. , S. A. Lei, V. Dang-lawson, M. Mizuno, K. Roskelley et al., Cofilin-mediated F-actin severing is regulated by the Rap GTPase and controls the cytoskeletal dynamics that drive lymphocyte spreading and BCR microcluster formation, J Immunol, vol.187, pp.5887-900, 2011.

G. , M. L. Kasza, K. E. Brangwynne, C. P. Liu, J. Weitz et al., Chapter 19: Mechanical response of cytoskeletal networks, Methods Cell Biol, vol.89, pp.487-519, 2008.

G. , L. Rossi, B. Roux, F. Termine, E. Schiff et al., Galectin-1 is a stromal cell ligand of the pre-B cell receptor (BCR) implicated in synapse formation between pre-B and stromal cells and in pre-BCR triggering, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.99, pp.13014-13023, 2002.

G. , S. C. Anderson, and K. V. , The primary cilium: a signalling centre during vertebrate development, Nat Rev Genet, vol.11, pp.331-375, 2010.

G. , D. Guichard, P. Tassin, and A. M. , Purification of centrosomes from mammalian cell lines, Methods Cell Biol, vol.129, pp.171-89, 2015.

G. , E. D. Welch, and M. D. , The ARP2/3 complex: an actin nucleator comes of age, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.7, pp.713-739, 2006.

G. , T. S. Kumar, K. Medeiros, R. B. Shimizu, Y. Leibson et al., Formins regulate the actin-related protein 2/3 complexindependent polarization of the centrosome to the immunological synapse, Immunity, vol.26, pp.177-90, 2007.

G. , T. S. Mccarney, S. D. Carrizosa, E. Labno, C. M. Comiskey et al., HS1 functions as an essential actin-regulatory adaptor protein at the immune synapse, Immunity, vol.24, pp.741-52, 2006.

G. , T. A. Moquin, A. E. Drake, and J. R. , Prolonged antigen persistence within nonterminal late endocytic compartments of antigen-specific B lymphocytes, J Immunol, vol.166, pp.6657-64, 2001.

G. , S. F. Lukacs-kornek, V. Kuligowski, M. P. Pitcher, L. A. Degn et al., Capture of influenza by medullary dendritic cells via SIGN-R1 is essential for humoral immunity in draining lymph nodes, Nat Immunol, vol.11, pp.427-461, 2010.

G. , A. Bromley, S. K. Sumen, C. Davis, M. M. Shaw et al., The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation, Science, vol.285, pp.221-228, 1999.

G. , A. Torossian, S. Demetriou, and M. , T-cell growth, cell surface organization, and the galectin-glycoprotein lattice, Immunol Rev, vol.230, pp.232-278, 2009.

J. J. Hao, C. , G. B. Zhan, and X. , Syk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the association of hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 with lipid rafts and B cell antigen receptor signalosome complex, J Biol Chem, vol.279, pp.33413-33433, 2004.

H. , J. H. Jugloff, L. S. De-groot, N. J. Grupp, S. A. Jongstrabilen et al., The ligand-induced membrane IgM association with the cytoskeletal matrix of B cells is not mediated through the Ig alpha beta heterodimer, J Immunol, vol.155, pp.3769-79, 1995.

H. , N. E. Batista, and F. D. , Early events in B cell activation, Annu Rev Immunol, vol.28, pp.185-210, 2010.

H. , N. E. Batista, and F. D. , The cytoskeleton coordinates the early events of B-cell activation, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, p.3, 2011.

H. , J. H. Bowser, S. S. Rieder, and C. L. , Kinetochores capture astral microtubules during chromosome attachment to the mitotic spindle: direct visualization in live newt lung cells, J Cell Biol, vol.111, pp.1039-1084, 1990.

H. , R. Khodjakov, and A. , Thirty years of search and capture: The complex simplicity of mitotic spindle assembly, J Cell Biol, vol.211, pp.1103-1114, 2015.

H. , S. J. Ridley, and A. J. , Mammalian Rho GTPases: new insights into their functions from in vivo studies, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.9, pp.690-701, 2008.

H. , Y. W. Koh, and C. G. , Actin cytoskeleton dynamics and the cell division cycle, Int J Biochem Cell Biol, vol.42, pp.1622-1655, 2010.

H. , W. M. Stenmark, H. Emr, and S. D. , Molecular mechanisms of the membrane sculpting ESCRT pathway, Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, p.5, 2013.

H. , H. N. Blanchoin, L. Pollard, and T. D. , Influence of the C terminus of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) and the Arp2/3 complex on actin polymerization, Biochemistry, vol.38, pp.15212-15234, 1999.

H. , M. ;. Hoedt, E. Zhang, G. Neubert, and T. A. , Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) for quantitative proteomics, Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci, vol.369, pp.93-106, 2014.

H. , J. Hyman, and A. A. , Growth, fluctuation and switching at microtubule plus ends, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.10, pp.569-74, 2009.

H. , T. Vandekerckhove, J. Gettemans, and J. , Actin and Arp2/3 localize at the centrosome of interphase cells, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol.404, pp.153-161, 2011.

H. , J. D. Wang, P. Streuli, C. Geiger, B. Humphries et al., Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin, J Cell Biol, vol.179, pp.1043-57, 2007.

H. , L. Caballero, C. Gavilan, M. P. Cardenas, J. Bornens et al., Disconnecting the Golgi ribbon from the centrosome prevents directional cell migration and ciliogenesis, J Cell Biol, vol.193, pp.917-950, 2011.

I. , H. Venier, P. Maggs, A. C. Fattoum, A. Kassab et al., Flexibility of actin filaments derived from thermal fluctuations. Effect of bound nucleotide, phalloidin, and muscle regulatory proteins, J Biol Chem, vol.270, pp.11437-11481, 1995.

I. , T. Morishima, Y. Okamoto, M. Furuyashiki, T. Kato et al., Coordination of microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton by the Rho effector mDia1, Nat Cell Biol, vol.3, pp.8-14, 2001.

I. , A. M. Padrick, S. B. Chen, B. Umetani, J. Rosen et al., The WAVE regulatory complex is inhibited, Nat Struct Mol Biol, vol.16, pp.561-564, 2009.

J. , A. B. Hall, and A. , Rho GTPases: biochemistry and biology, Annu Rev Cell Dev Biol, vol.21, pp.247-69, 2005.

J. , G. Petersen, C. Gao, L. Macara, and I. G. , The cell-polarity protein Par6 links Par3 and atypical protein kinase C to Cdc42, Nat Cell Biol, vol.2, pp.531-540, 2000.

J. , T. Moseman, E. A. Iannacone, M. Massberg, S. Lang et al., Subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes clear lymph-borne viruses and present them to antiviral B cells, Nature, vol.450, pp.110-114, 2007.

K. , N. Muramoto, A. Mizuno, and K. , LIM kinase-mediated cofilin phosphorylation during mitosis is required for precise spindle positioning, J Biol Chem, vol.283, pp.4983-92, 2008.

K. , M. Toret, C. P. Drubin, and D. G. , Harnessing actin dynamics for clathrin-mediated endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.7, pp.404-418, 2006.

K. , E. Kobayashi, S. Mitchison, T. Kirschner, and M. , Role of the centrosome in organizing the interphase microtubule array: properties of cytoplasts containing or lacking centrosomes, J Cell Biol, vol.98, pp.1763-76, 1984.

K. , J. Tsiokas, L. Maskey, D. ;. , K. J. Priess et al., Identification of genes required for cytoplasmic localization in early C. elegans embryos, Cell, vol.52, pp.311-331, 1988.

K. , D. H. Cho, S. Wirtz, and D. , Tight coupling between nucleus and cell migration through the perinuclear actin cap, J Cell Sci, vol.127, pp.2528-2569, 2014.

K. , D. I. Birendra, K. C. Roux, and K. J. , Making the LINC: SUN and KASH protein interactions, Biol Chem, vol.396, pp.295-310, 2015.

K. , M. Mitchison, and T. , Beyond self-assembly: from microtubules to morphogenesis, Cell, vol.45, pp.329-371, 1986.

K. , T. Dynlacht, and B. D. , Regulating the transition from centriole to basal body, J Cell Biol, vol.193, pp.435-479, 2011.

K. , M. Zenke, F. T. Bokoch, and G. M. , Nucleotide exchange factor GEFH1 mediates cross-talk between microtubules and the actin cytoskeleton, Nat Cell Biol, vol.4, pp.294-301, 2002.

K. , A. Rajendran, V. Sethumadhavan, R. Purohit, and R. , Role of centrosome in regulating immune response, Curr Drug Targets, vol.15, pp.558-63, 2014.

K. , E. Sustar, V. Mattila, and P. K. , Molecular control of B cell activation and immunological synapse formation, Traffic, vol.16, pp.311-337, 2015.

K. , A. Dennert, and G. , Reorientation of the microtubule-organizing center and the Golgi apparatus in cloned cytotoxic lymphocytes triggered by binding to lysable target cells, J Immunol, vol.133, pp.2762-2768, 1984.

K. , S. Zhu, R. Antoku, S. Luxton, G. W. Stagljar et al., FHOD1 interaction with nesprin-2G mediates TAN line formation and nuclear movement, Nat Cell Biol, vol.16, pp.708-723, 2014.

K. , M. Bagonis, M. Danuser, G. Pellman, and D. , Direct MicrotubuleBinding by Myosin-10 Orients Centrosomes toward Retraction Fibers and Subcortical Actin Clouds, Dev Cell, vol.34, pp.323-360, 2015.

L. , L. , R. , S. Dogterom, and M. , End-on microtubule-dynein interactions and pulling-based positioning of microtubule organizing centers, Cell Cycle, vol.11, pp.3750-3757, 2012.

L. , T. Sixt, and M. , Mechanical modes of 'amoeboid' cell migration, Curr Opin Cell Biol, vol.21, pp.636-680, 2009.

L. , A. Bove, and S. , Specific B lymphocytes efficiently pick up, process and present antigen to T cells, Behring Inst Mitt, pp.82-89, 1985.

L. , P. Williamson, D. J. Carpier, J. M. Dogniaux, S. Chemin et al., unconventional actins from Acanthamoeba by affinity chromatography on profilinagarose, J Cell Biol, vol.127, pp.107-122, 2013.

M. , S. Pollard, and T. D. , Identification of a factor in conventional muscle actin preparations which inhibits actin filament self-association, 1980.

M. , L. Filippi, C. , J. , V. Foucras et al., Selective activation and expansion of high-affinity CD4+ T cells in resistant mice upon infection with Leishmania major, Immunity, vol.13, pp.771-82, 2000.

M. , J. L. Gillespie, P. G. Patino-lopez, G. Shaw, S. Santos-argumedo et al., Myosin 1c participates in B cell cytoskeleton rearrangements, is recruited to the immunologic synapse, and contributes to antigen presentation, J Immunol, vol.187, pp.3053-63, 2011.

M. , J. L. Lopez-ortega, O. Patino-lopez, G. Santos-argumedo, and L. , Myosin 1g regulates cytoskeleton plasticity, cell migration, exocytosis, and endocytosis in B lymphocytes, Eur J Immunol, vol.44, pp.877-86, 2014.

M. , M. Odemuyiwa, S. O. Coughlin, J. J. Garofoli, D. Ewen et al., Vesicle-associated membrane protein 7 (VAMP-7) is essential for target cell killing in a natural killer cell line, Biochem Biophys Res Commun, vol.366, pp.617-640, 2008.

M. , B. Bornens, and M. , The centriole-nucleus association: effects of cytochalasin B and nocodazole, Biol. Cellulaire, vol.39, pp.287-290, 1980.

M. , N. B. Baixauli, F. Sanchez-madrid, and F. , Immune synapse: conductor of orchestrated organelle movement, Trends Cell Biol, vol.24, pp.61-72, 2014.

M. , N. B. Robles-valero, J. Cabrero, J. R. Mittelbrunn, M. Gordon-alonso et al., MTOC translocation modulates IS formation and controls sustained T cell signaling, J Cell Biol, vol.182, pp.951-62, 2008.

M. , L. Gordon, and S. , Antigen presentation the macrophage way, Cell, vol.131, pp.641-644, 2007.

M. , L. Metz, C. Pardo, E. Mezzano, V. Babul et al., Autoantibodies against galectin-8: their specificity, association with lymphopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus and detection in rheumatoid arthritis and acute inflammation, Lupus, vol.18, pp.539-585, 2009.

M. , T. A. Pontes, B. Viasnoff, V. Li, Y. Gauthier et al., Plasma membrane tension orchestrates membrane trafficking, cytoskeletal remodeling, and biochemical signaling during phagocytosis, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.110, pp.11875-80, 2013.

M. , S. Pagano, and R. E. , Pathways of clathrin-independent endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.8, pp.603-615, 2007.

M. , D. W. Metzger, C. A. Ling, L. A. Hurst, J. S. Van-cleave et al., Preparative isolation of murine CD5 B cells by panning and magnetic beads, 1992.

M. J. Miller, S. H. Wei, I. Parker, and M. D. Cahalan, Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node, Science, vol.296, pp.1869-73, 2002.

R. , J. D. Wu, C. Bear, and J. E. , New insights into the regulation and cellular functions of the ARP2/3 complex, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.14, pp.7-12, 2013.

R. , P. Delon, and J. , Rho GTPases: masters of T lymphocyte migration and activation, Immunol Lett, vol.142, pp.1-13, 2012.

S. De-guinoa, J. Barrio, L. Carrasco, and Y. R. , Vinculin arrests motile B cells by stabilizing integrin clustering at the immune synapse, J Immunol, vol.191, pp.2742-51, 2013.

S. De-guinoa, J. Barrio, L. Mellado, M. Carrasco, and Y. R. , CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling enhances BCR-triggered B-cell activation by shaping cell dynamics, Blood, vol.118, pp.1560-1569, 2011.

S. , J. F. Suryawanshi, A. Chen, W. S. , R. et al., Class I myosins in B-cell physiology: functions in spreading, immune synapses, motility, and vesicular traffic, Immunol Cell Biol, vol.94, pp.190-202, 2013.

S. , J. Arganda-carreras, I. Frise, E. Kaynig, V. Longair et al., Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis, Nat Methods, vol.9, pp.676-82, 2012.

S. , J. Fawcett, J. P. Segura, M. Tan, S. Vallee et al., Par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration, Curr Biol, vol.19, pp.1065-74, 2009.

R. Schneider, S. ;. Persson, T. Schnyder, A. Castello, C. Feest et al., B cell receptor-mediated antigen gathering requires ubiquitin ligase Cbl and adaptors Grb2 and Dok-3 to recruit dynein to the signaling microcluster, Front Plant Sci, vol.6, pp.905-923, 2011.

S. , M. N. Tribulatti, M. V. Carabelli, J. Andre-leroux, G. Caramelo et al., Characterization of a double-CRD-mutated Gal-8 recombinant protein that retains costimulatory activity on antigen-specific T cell response, Biochem J, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01353290

S. , M. K. Liu, L. J. Shapiro, M. R. Onabajo, O. O. Palaniyandi et al., Actin-binding protein 1 links B-cell antigen receptors to negative signaling pathways, Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A, vol.111, pp.9881-9887, 2014.

S. , M. C. Bunnell, and S. C. , Signal initiation in T-cell receptor microclusters, Immunol Rev, vol.221, pp.90-106, 2008.

S. , S. Orlowski, G. Song, and W. , Btk regulates B cell receptor-mediated antigen processing and presentation by controlling actin cytoskeleton dynamics in B cells, J Immunol, vol.182, pp.329-368, 2009.

T. N. Sims, T. J. Soos, H. S. Xenias, B. Dubin-thaler, J. M. Hofman et al., Opposing effects of PKCtheta and WASp on symmetry breaking and relocation of the immunological synapse. Cell, 129, 773-85. dynein and kinesin determine retention and transport of MHC class II-containing compartments, J Cell Sci, vol.112, pp.785-95, 2007.

W. , R. Fernandez-borja, M. Oomen, L. Verwoerd, D. Janssen et al., Direct vesicular transport of MHC class II molecules from lysosomal structures to the cell surface, J Cell Biol, vol.135, pp.611-633, 1996.

W. , R. Neefjes, and J. , Intracellular transport and peptide loading of MHC class II molecules: regulation by chaperones and motors, Immunol Rev, vol.172, pp.189-208, 1999.

Y. , Y. H. Dudoit, S. Luu, P. Lin, D. M. Peng et al., Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.30, p.15, 2002.

Y. I. , J. Wu, X. Chung, A. H. Chen, J. K. Kapoor et al., Centrosome repositioning in T cells is biphasic and driven by microtubule end-on capture-shrinkage, J Cell Biol, vol.202, pp.779-92, 2013.

Y. , M. I. Lankar, D. Lennon-dumenil, and A. M. , Dynamics of membrane trafficking downstream of B and T cell receptor engagement: impact on immune synapses, Traffic, vol.10, pp.629-665, 2009.

Y. , M. I. Pierobon, P. Reversat, A. Lennon-dumenil, and A. M. , How B cells capture, process and present antigens: a crucial role for cell polarity, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.13, pp.475-86, 2013.

Y. , M. I. Reversat, A. Lankar, D. Diaz, J. Fanget et al., Polarized secretion of lysosomes at the B cell synapse couples antigen extraction to processing and presentation, Immunity, vol.35, pp.361-74, 2011.

Z. , F. Southwick, F. S. Purich, and D. L. , Actin-based phagosome motility, Cell Motil Cytoskeleton, vol.53, pp.81-89, 2002.

Z. , X. Lei, K. Yuan, X. Wu, X. Zhuang et al., SUN1/2 and Syne/Nesprin-1/2 complexes connect centrosome to the nucleus during neurogenesis and neuronal migration in mice, Neuron, vol.64, pp.173-87, 2009.

Z. , J. Burakov, A. Rodionov, V. Mogilner, and A. , Finding the cell center by a balance of dynein and myosin pulling and microtubule pushing: a computational study, Mol Biol Cell, vol.21, pp.4418-4445, 2010.

Z. , Y. Eisenstein, M. Goren, R. A. Hadari, Y. R. Levy et al., Role of galectin-8 as a modulator of cell adhesion and cell growth, Glycoconj J, vol.19, pp.517-543, 2004.

Z. , E. Rabinovich, G. A. Iglesias, M. M. Gruppi, and A. , Regulated expression of galectin-1 during B-cell activation and implications for T-cell apoptosis, J Leukoc Biol, vol.70, pp.73-82, 2001.

B. E. Barnett, Asymmetric B cell division in the germinal center reaction, Science, vol.335, pp.342-344, 2012.

O. Thaunat, Asymmetric segregation of polarized antigen on B cell division shapes presentation capacity, Science, vol.335, pp.475-479, 2012.

J. Schmoranzer, Par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration, Curr. Biol, vol.19, pp.1065-1074, 2009.

J. Elric and S. Etienne-manneville, Centrosome positioning in polarized cells: common themes and variations, Exp. Cell Res, vol.328, pp.240-248, 2014.

M. I. Yuseff, P. Pierobon, A. Reversat, and A. M. Lennon-dumenil, How B cells capture, process and present antigens: a crucial role for cell polarity, Nat. Rev. Immunol, vol.13, pp.475-486, 2013.

M. A. Del-pozo, The two poles of the lymphocyte: specialized cell compartments for migration and recruitment, Cell Adhes. Commun, vol.6, pp.125-133, 1998.

J. T. Chang, Asymmetric T lymphocyte division in the initiation of adaptive immune responses, Science, vol.315, pp.1687-1691, 2007.

J. C. Stinchcombe and G. M. Griffiths, Communication, the centrosome and the immunological synapse, Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B. Biol. Sci, vol.369, p.20130463, 2014.

A. Kupfer, S. L. Swain, and S. J. Singer, The specific direct interaction of helper T cells and antigen-presenting B cells. II. Reorientation of the microtubule organizing center and reorganization of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton inside the bound helper T cells, J. Exp. Med, vol.165, pp.1565-1580, 1987.

N. E. Harwood and F. D. Batista, The cytoskeleton coordinates the early events of B-cell activation, Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Biol, vol.3, p.2360, 2011.

G. D. Rak, E. M. Mace, P. P. Banerjee, T. Svitkina, and J. S. Orange, Natural killer cell lytic granule secretion occurs through a pervasive actin network at the immune synapse, PLoS Biol, vol.9, p.1001151, 2011.

A. T. Ritter, Actin depletion initiates events leading to granule secretion at the immunological synapse, Immunity, vol.42, pp.864-876, 2015.

J. C. Stinchcombe, E. Majorovits, G. Bossi, S. Fuller, and G. M. Griffiths, Centrosome polarization delivers secretory granules to the immunological synapse, Nature, vol.443, pp.462-465, 2006.

M. I. Yuseff, Polarized secretion of lysosomes at the B cell synapse couples antigen extraction to processing and presentation, Immunity, vol.35, pp.361-374, 2011.

X. Liu, T. M. Kapoor, J. K. Chen, and M. Huse, Diacylglycerol promotes centrosome polarization in T cells via reciprocal localization of dynein and myosin II, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol.110, pp.11976-11981, 2013.

E. J. Quann, X. Liu, G. Altan-bonnet, and M. Huse, A cascade of protein kinase C isozymes promotes cytoskeletal polarization in T cells, Nat. Immunol, vol.12, pp.647-654, 2011.

A. Reversat, Polarity protein Par3 controls B-cell receptor dynamics and antigen extraction at the immune synapse, Mol. Biol. Cell, vol.26, pp.1273-1285, 2015.

J. Yi, Centrosome repositioning in T cells is biphasic and driven by microtubule end-on capture-shrinkage, J. Cell Biol, vol.202, pp.779-792, 2013.

J. Combs, Recruitment of dynein to the Jurkat immunological synapse, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol.103, pp.14883-14888, 2006.

N. B. Martin-cofreces, MTOC translocation modulates IS formation and controls sustained T cell signaling, J. Cell Biol, vol.182, pp.951-962, 2008.

T. S. Gomez, Formins regulate the actin-related protein 2/3 complexindependent polarization of the centrosome to the immunological synapse, Immunity, vol.26, pp.177-190, 2007.

T. Schnyder, B cell receptor-mediated antigen gathering requires ubiquitin ligase Cbl and adaptors Grb2 and Dok-3 to recruit dynein to the signaling microcluster, Immunity, vol.34, pp.905-918, 2011.

E. Hoedt, G. Zhang, and T. A. Neubert, Stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) for quantitative proteomics, Adv. Exp. Med. Biol, vol.806, pp.93-106, 2014.

J. D. Rotty, C. Wu, and J. E. Bear, New insights into the regulation and cellular functions of the ARP2/3 complex, Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell Biol, vol.14, pp.7-12, 2013.

T. Hubert, J. Vandekerckhove, and J. Gettemans, Actin and Arp2/3 localize at the centrosome of interphase cells, Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun, vol.404, pp.153-158, 2011.

F. Farina, The centrosome is an actin-organizing centre, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.18, pp.65-75, 2016.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01261646

B. J. Nolen, Characterization of two classes of small molecule inhibitors of Arp2/3 complex, Nature, vol.460, pp.1031-1034, 2009.

T. A. Burke, Homeostatic actin cytoskeleton networks are regulated by assembly factor competition for monomers, Curr. Biol, vol.24, pp.579-585, 2014.

T. S. Gomez, HS1 functions as an essential actin-regulatory adaptor protein at the immune synapse, Immunity, vol.24, pp.741-752, 2006.

J. J. Hao, G. B. Carey, and X. Zhan, Syk-mediated tyrosine phosphorylation is required for the association of hematopoietic lineage cell-specific protein 1 with lipid rafts and B cell antigen receptor signalosome complex, J. Biol. Chem, vol.279, pp.33413-33420, 2004.

J. Monfregola, G. Napolitano, M. D'urso, P. Lappalainen, and M. V. Ursini, Functional characterization of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein and scar homolog (WASH), a bi-modular nucleation-promoting factor able to interact with biogenesis of lysosome-related organelle subunit 2 (BLOS2) and gamma-tubulin, J. Biol. Chem, vol.285, pp.16951-16957, 2010.

G. W. Luxton, E. R. Gomes, E. S. Folker, E. Vintinner, and G. G. Gundersen, Linear arrays of nuclear envelope proteins harness retrograde actin flow for nuclear movement, Science, vol.329, pp.956-959, 2010.

A. V. Burakov and E. S. Nadezhdina, Association of nucleus and centrosome: magnet or velcro?, Cell Biol. Int, vol.37, pp.95-104, 2013.

B. Maro and M. Bornens, The centriole-nucleus association: effects of cytochalasin B and nocodazole, Biol. Cell, vol.39, pp.287-290, 1980.

E. Karsenti, S. Kobayashi, T. Mitchison, and M. Kirschner, Role of the centrosome in organizing the interphase microtubule array: properties of cytoplasts containing or lacking centrosomes, J. Cell Biol, vol.98, pp.1763-1776, 1984.

M. Kwon, M. Bagonis, G. Danuser, and D. Pellman, Direct microtubule-binding by myosin-10 orients centrosomes toward retraction fibers and subcortical actin clouds, Dev. Cell, vol.34, pp.323-337, 2015.

D. H. Kim, S. Cho, and D. Wirtz, Tight coupling between nucleus and cell migration through the perinuclear actin cap, J. Cell Sci, vol.127, pp.2528-2541, 2014.

S. Kutscheidt, FHOD1 interaction with nesprin-2G mediates TAN line formation and nuclear movement, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.16, pp.708-715, 2014.

H. N. Higgs, L. Blanchoin, and T. D. Pollard, Influence of the C terminus of Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (WASp) and the Arp2/3 complex on actin polymerization, Biochemistry, vol.38, pp.15212-15222, 1999.

T. N. Sims, Opposing effects of PKCtheta and WASp on symmetry breaking and relocation of the immunological synapse, Cell, vol.129, pp.773-785, 2007.

F. Finetti, Intraflagellar transport is required for polarized recycling of the TCR/CD3 complex to the immune synapse, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.11, pp.1332-1339, 2009.

M. De-la-roche, Hedgehog signaling controls T cell killing at the immunological synapse, Science, vol.342, pp.1247-1250, 2013.

L. Malherbe, Selective activation and expansion of high-affinity CD4 þ T cells in resistant mice upon infection with Leishmania major, Immunity, vol.13, pp.771-782, 2000.

E. Derivery, The Arp2/3 activator WASH controls the fission of endosomes through a large multiprotein complex, Dev. Cell, vol.17, pp.712-723, 2009.

D. Gogendeau, P. Guichard, and A. M. Tassin, Purification of centrosomes from mammalian cell lines, Methods Cell Biol, vol.129, pp.171-189, 2015.

A. Burgo, Increased activity of the vesicular soluble N-ethylmaleimidesensitive factor attachment protein receptor TI-VAMP/VAMP7 by tyrosine phosphorylation in the Longin domain, J. Biol. Chem, vol.288, pp.11960-11972, 2013.

P. Poullet, S. Carpentier, and E. Barillot, myProMS, a web server for management and validation of mass spectrometry-based proteomic data, Proteomics, vol.7, pp.2553-2556, 2007.

Y. H. Yang, Normalization for cDNA microarray data: a robust composite method addressing single and multiple slide systematic variation, Nucleic Acids Res, vol.30, p.15, 2002.

E. I. Boyle, GO::TermFinder-open source software for accessing Gene Ontology information and finding significantly enriched Gene Ontology terms associated with a list of genes, Bioinformatics, vol.20, pp.3710-3715, 2004.

S. Maclean-fletcher and T. D. Pollard, Identification of a factor in conventional muscle actin preparations which inhibits actin filament self-association

H. Isambert, Flexibility of actin filaments derived from thermal fluctuations. Effect of bound nucleotide, phalloidin, and muscle regulatory proteins, J. Biol. Chem, vol.270, pp.11437-11444, 1995.

C. Egile, Activation of the CDC42 effector N-WASP by the Shigella flexneri IcsA protein promotes actin nucleation by Arp2/3 complex and bacterial actin-based motility, J. Cell Biol, vol.146, pp.1319-1332, 1999.

A. A. Fedorov, T. D. Pollard, and S. C. Almo, Purification, characterization and crystallization of human platelet profilin expressed in Escherichia coli, J. Mol. Biol, vol.241, pp.480-482, 1994.

J. Schindelin, Fiji: an open-source platform for biological-image analysis, Nat. Methods, vol.9, pp.676-682, 2012.

. Lankar, Supplemental Material can be found at: The mouse lymphoma cell line IIA1, 2002.

. Vascotto, 10% fetal calf serum, 1% penicillin-streptomycin, 0.1% ?-mercaptoethanol, and 2% sodium pyruvate). HEK 293T cells were cultured for lentiviral production in DMEM/Glutamax-5% fetal bovine serum, 1 mM sodium pyruvate, MEM nonessential amino acids, and penicillin-streptomycin. All cell culture products were purchased from GIBCO/Life Technologies, Paisley, UK. Primary B-cells were extracted from the spleen of BALB/c mice by negative selection as previously described, Lack T-cell hybridoma, which recognizes I-A d-LACK 156-173 complexes, were cultured as reported previously, 2007.

S. Invivogen and H. Kong, B-cell culture medium supplemented with nonessential amino acids

S. C. Biotechnology, F(ab?) 2 goat antimouse, F(ab?) 2 donkey anti-rabbit-Cy3, F(ab?) 2 goat anti-rabbit-Alexa Fluor 488, F(ab?) 2 donkey anti-rat-Cy5, streptavidin-Alexa Fluor, ), rabbit anti-?-tubulin (kindly provided by Michel Bornens, Institut Curie, vol.488

. Sigma-aldrich, . St, and M. O. Louis, UK) were used according to manufacturers' instructions. Ovalbumin was purchased from Sigma

K. L. Angus and G. M. Griffiths, Cell polarisation and the immunological synapse, Curr Opin Cell Biol, vol.25, pp.85-91, 2013.

E. Arana, A. Vehlow, N. E. Harwood, E. Vigorito, R. Henderson et al., Activation of the small GTPase Rac2 via the B cell receptor regulates B cell adhesion and immunologicalsynapse formation, Immunity, vol.28, pp.88-99, 2008.

B. E. Barnett, M. L. Ciocca, R. Goenka, L. G. Barnett, J. Wu et al., Asymmetric B cell division in the germinal center reaction, Science, vol.335, pp.342-344, 2012.

F. D. Batista and N. E. Harwood, The who, how and where of antigen presentation to B cells, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.9, pp.15-27, 2009.

R. J. Brezski and J. G. Monroe, B cell antigen receptor-induced Rac1 activation and Rac1-dependent spreading are impaired in transitional immature B cells due to levels of membrane cholesterol, J Immunol, vol.179, pp.4464-4472, 2007.

Y. R. Carrasco, S. J. Fleire, T. Cameron, M. L. Dustin, and F. D. Batista, LFA-1/ ICAM-1 interaction lowers the threshold of B cell activation by facilitating B cell adhesion and synapse formation, Immunity, vol.20, pp.589-599, 2004.

J. T. Chang, V. R. Palanivel, I. Kinjyo, F. Schambach, A. M. Intlekofer et al., Asymmetric T lymphocyte division in the initiation of adaptive immune responses, Science, vol.315, pp.1687-1691, 2007.

C. Desnos, S. Huet, I. Fanget, C. Chapuis, C. Bottiger et al., Myosin va mediates docking of secretory granules at the plasma membrane, J Neurosci, vol.27, pp.10636-10645, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00172328

P. Eilers and J. J. Goeman, Enhancing scatterplots with smoothed densities, Bioinformatics, vol.20, pp.623-628, 2004.

S. J. Fleire, J. P. Goldman, Y. R. Carrasco, M. Weber, D. Bray et al., B cell ligand discrimination through a spreading and contraction response, Science, vol.312, pp.738-741, 2006.

A. Gérard, A. E. Mertens, R. A. Van-der-kammen, and J. G. Collard, The Par polarity complex regulates Rap1-and chemokine-induced T cell polarization, J Cell Biol, vol.176, pp.863-875, 2007.

N. W. Goehring, P. K. Trong, J. S. Bois, D. Chowdhury, E. M. Nicola et al., Polarization of PAR proteins by advective triggering of a pattern-forming system, Science, vol.334, pp.1137-1141, 2011.

A. Grakoui, S. K. Bromley, C. Sumen, M. M. Davis, A. S. Shaw et al., The immunological synapse: a molecular machine controlling T cell activation, Science, vol.285, pp.221-227, 1999.

E. D. Gundelfinger, M. M. Kessels, and B. Qualmann, Temporal and spatial coordination of exocytosis and endocytosis, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.4, pp.127-139, 2003.

M. Gustafsson, L. Shao, P. M. Carlton, C. Wang, I. N. Golubovskaya et al., Three-dimensional resolution doubling in wide-field fluorescence microscopy by structured illumination, Biophys J, vol.94, pp.4957-4970, 2008.

J. Ha, K. Lo, K. R. Myers, T. M. Carr, M. K. Humsi et al., A neuron-specific cytoplasmic dynein isoform preferentially transports TrkB signaling endosomes, J Cell Biol, vol.181, pp.1027-1039, 2008.

N. E. Harwood and F. D. Batista, New insights into the early molecular events underlying B cell activation, Immunity, vol.28, pp.609-619, 2008.

S. Iden and J. G. Collard, Crosstalk between small GTPases and polarity proteins in cell polarization, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.9, pp.846-859, 2008.

A. Kupfer, S. L. Swain, and S. J. Singer, The specific direct interaction of helper T cells and antigen-presenting B cells. II. Reorientation of the microtubule organizing center and reorganization of the membrane-associated cytoskeleton inside the bound helper T cells, J Exp Med, vol.165, pp.1565-1580, 1987.

D. Lankar, H. Vincent-schneider, V. Briken, T. Yokozeki, G. Raposo et al., Dynamics of major histocompatibility complex class II compartments during B cell receptor-mediated cell activation, J Exp Med, vol.195, pp.461-472, 2002.

X. Liu, T. M. Kapoor, J. K. Chen, and M. Huse, Diacylglycerol promotes centrosome polarization in T cells via reciprocal localization of dynein and myosin II, Proc Natl Acad Sci, vol.16, pp.11976-11981, 2013.

L. M. Mccaffrey and I. G. Macara, The Par3/aPKC interaction is essential for end bud remodeling and progenitor differentiation during mammary gland morphogenesis, Genes Dev, vol.23, pp.1450-1460, 2009.

I. Mellman and W. J. Nelson, Coordinated protein sorting, targeting and distribution in polarized cells, Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, vol.9, pp.833-845, 2008.

X. Michalet, Mean square displacement analysis of single-particle trajectories with localization error: Brownian motion in an isotropic medium, Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys, vol.82, p.41914, 2010.

S. Milasta, N. A. Evans, L. Ormiston, S. Wilson, R. J. Lefkowitz et al., The sustainability of interactions between the orexin-1 receptor and beta-arrestin-2 is defined by a single C-terminal cluster of hydroxy amino acids and modulates the kinetics of ERK MAPK regulation, 2005.

N. A. Mitchison, T-cell-B-cell cooperation, Nat Rev Immunol, vol.4, pp.308-312, 2004.

C. X. Moss, T. I. Tree, and C. Watts, Reconstruction of a pathway of antigen processing and class II MHC peptide capture, EMBO J, vol.26, pp.2137-2147, 2007.

E. Natkanski, W. Y. Lee, B. Mistry, A. Casal, J. E. Molloy et al., B cells use mechanical energy to discriminate antigen affinities, Science, vol.340, pp.1587-1590, 2013.

E. J. Quann, E. Merino, T. Furuta, and M. Huse, Localized diacylglycerol drives the polarization of the microtubule-organizing center in T cells, Nat Immunol, vol.10, pp.627-635, 2009.

V. Racine, M. Sachse, J. Salamero, V. Fraisier, A. Trubuil et al., Visualization and quantification of vesicle trafficking on a threedimensional cytoskeleton network in living cells, J Microsc, vol.225, pp.214-228, 2007.

A. Schebesta, S. Mcmanus, G. Salvagiotto, A. Delogu, B. Ga et al., Transcription factor Pax5 activates the chromatin of key genes involved in B cell signaling, adhesion, migration, and immune function, Immunity, vol.27, pp.49-63, 2007.

J. Schindelin, I. Arganda-carreras, E. Frise, V. Kaynig, M. Longair et al., Fiji: an opensource platform for biological-image analysis, Nat Methods, vol.9, pp.676-682, 2012.

J. Schmoranzer, J. P. Fawcett, M. Segura, S. Tan, R. B. Vallee et al., Par3 and dynein associate to regulate local microtubule dynamics and centrosome orientation during migration, Curr Biol, vol.19, pp.1065-1074, 2009.

T. Schnyder, A. Castello, C. Feest, N. E. Harwood, T. Oellerich et al., B cell receptor-mediated antigen gathering requires ubiquitin ligase Cbl and adaptors Grb2 and Dok-3 to recruit dynein to the signaling microcluster, Immunity, vol.34, pp.905-918, 2011.

A. Serge, N. Bertaux, H. Rigneault, and D. Marguet, Dynamic multipletarget tracing to probe spatiotemporal cartography of cell membranes, Nat Methods, vol.5, pp.687-694, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295014

J. D. Sibarita, Deconvolution microscopy, Adv Biochem Eng Biotechnol, vol.95, pp.201-243, 2005.

O. Thaunat, A. G. Granja, P. Barral, A. Filby, B. Montaner et al., Asymmetric segregation of polarized antigen on B cell division shapes presentation capacity, Science, vol.335, pp.475-479, 2012.

P. Tolar, H. W. Sohn, W. Liu, and S. K. Pierce, The molecular assembly and organization of signaling active B-cell receptor oligomers, Immunol Rev, vol.232, pp.34-41, 2009.

B. Treanor, D. Depoil, A. Gonzalez-granja, P. Barral, M. Weber et al., The membrane skeleton controls diffusion dynamics and signaling through the B cell receptor, Immunity, vol.32, pp.1-13, 2010.

F. Vascotto, D. Lankar, G. Faure-andre, P. Vargas, J. Diaz et al., The actin-based motor protein myosin II regulates MHC class II trafficking and BCR-driven antigen presentation, J Cell Biol, vol.176, pp.1007-1019, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00316389

J. Yi, X. Wu, A. H. Chung, J. K. Chen, T. M. Kapoor et al., Centrosome repositioning in T cells is biphasic and driven by microtubule end-on capture-shrinkage, J Cell Biol, vol.202, pp.779-792, 2013.

C. G. Yu and T. Harris, Interactions between the PDZ domains of Bazooka (Par-3) and phosphatidic acid: in vitro characterization and role in epithelial development, Mol Biol Cell, vol.23, pp.3743-3753, 2012.

M. I. Yuseff, A. Reversat, D. Lankar, J. Diaz, I. Fanget et al., Polarized secretion of lysosomes at the B cell synapse couples antigen extraction to processing and presentation, Immunity, vol.35, pp.361-374, 2011.

C. D. Allen, T. Okada, and J. G. Cyster, Germinal-center organization and cellular dynamics, Immunity, vol.27, issue.2, pp.190-202, 2007.

Y. Baba and T. Kurosaki, Impact of Ca2+ signaling on B cell function, Trends in Immunology, vol.32, issue.12, pp.589-594, 2011.

O. Bakke and B. Dobberstein, MHC class II-associated invariant chain contains a sorting signal for endosomal compartments, Cell, vol.63, issue.4, pp.707-716, 1990.

F. D. Batista and N. E. Harwood, The who, how and where of antigen presentation to B cells, Nature Reviews. Immunology, vol.9, issue.1, pp.15-27, 2009.

F. D. Batista, D. Iber, and M. S. Neuberger, B cells acquire antigen from target cells after synapse formation, Nature, issue.6836, pp.489-494, 2001.

D. R. Beisner, P. Langerak, A. E. Parker, C. Dahlberg, F. J. Otero et al., The intramembrane protease Sppl2a is required for B cell and DC development and survival via cleavage of the invariant chain, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.210, issue.1, pp.23-30, 2013.

J. C. Cambier, C. M. Pleiman, and M. R. Clark, Signal transduction by the B cell antigen receptor and its coreceptors, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.12, pp.457-486, 1994.

Y. R. Carrasco and F. D. Batista, B cells acquire particulate antigen in a macrophagerich area at the boundary between the follicle and the subcapsular sinus of the lymph node, Immunity, vol.27, issue.1, pp.160-171, 2007.

Y. R. Carrasco, S. J. Fleire, T. Cameron, M. L. Dustin, and F. D. Batista, LFA-1/ ICAM-1 interaction lowers the threshold of B cell activation by facilitating B cell adhesion and synapse formation, Immunity, vol.20, issue.5, pp.589-599, 2004.

V. Cattaneo, M. V. Tribulatti, and O. Campetella, Galectin-8 tandem-repeat structure is essential for T-cell proliferation but not for co-stimulation, The Biochemical Journal, vol.434, issue.1, pp.153-160, 2011.

K. Chemin, A. Bohineust, S. Dogniaux, M. Tourret, S. Guégan et al., Cytokine secretion by CD4 + T cells at the immunological synapse requires Cdc42dependent local actin remodeling but not microtubule organizing center polarity, Journal, vol.63, 2012.

L. N. Cueni and M. Detmar, Galectin-8 interacts with podoplanin and modulates lymphatic endothelial cell functions, Cell Polarity in Antigen Presentation by B Cells of Immunology, vol.189, pp.1715-1723, 1950.

A. F. Cunningham, F. Gaspal, K. Serre, E. Mohr, I. R. Henderson et al., Salmonella induces a switched antibody response without germinal centers that impedes the extracellular spread of infection, Journal of Immunology, vol.178, issue.10, pp.6200-6207, 1950.

L. Delamarre, M. Pack, H. Chang, I. Mellman, and E. S. Trombetta, Differential lysosomal proteolysis in antigen-presenting cells determines antigen fate, Science, issue.5715, pp.1630-1634, 2005.

V. M. Delgado, L. G. Nugnes, L. L. Colombo, M. F. Troncoso, M. M. Fernández et al., Modulation of endothelial cell migration and angiogenesis: A novel function for the "tandem-repeat" lectin galectin-8, FASEB Journal: Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology, vol.25, issue.1, pp.242-254, 2011.

L. K. Denzin, Negative regulation by HLA-DO of MHC class II-restricted antigen processing, Science, vol.278, pp.106-109, 1997.

L. K. Denzin and P. Cresswell, HLA-DM induces CLIP dissociation from MHC class II alpha beta dimers and facilitates peptide loading, Cell, vol.82, issue.1, pp.155-165, 1995.

D. Depoil, M. Weber, B. Treanor, S. J. Fleire, Y. R. Carrasco et al., Early events of B cell activation by antigen, Science Signaling, vol.2, issue.63, 2009.

N. A. Draghi and L. K. Denzin, H2-O, a MHC class II-like protein, sets a threshold for B-cell entry into germinal centers, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.107, pp.16607-16612, 2010.

C. Driessen, R. A. Bryant, A. M. Lennon-duménil, J. A. Villadangos, P. W. Bryant et al., Cathepsin S controls the trafficking and maturation of MHC class II molecules in dendritic cells, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.147, issue.4, pp.775-790, 1999.

S. Duchez, M. Rodrigues, F. Bertrand, and S. Valitutti, Reciprocal polarization of T and B cells at the immunological synapse, Journal of Immunology, vol.187, issue.9, pp.4571-4580, 1950.

G. Faure-andré, P. Vargas, M. Yuseff, M. Heuzé, F. Vascotto et al., Regulation of dendritic cell migration by CD74, the MHC class II-associated Invariant chain, Science, vol.322, pp.1705-1710, 2008.

S. J. Fleire, J. P. Goldman, Y. R. Carrasco, M. Weber, D. Bray et al., B cell ligand discrimination through a spreading and contraction response, Science, issue.5774, pp.738-741, 2006.

S. A. Freeman, V. Lei, M. Dang-lawson, K. Mizuno, C. D. Roskelley et al., Cofilin-mediated F-actin severing is regulated by the Rap GTPase and controls the cytoskeletal dynamics that drive lymphocyte spreading and BCR microcluster formation, Journal of Immunology, vol.187, issue.11, pp.5887-5900, 1950.

A. Grakoui, The immunological synapse: A molecular machine controlling T cell activation, Science, vol.285, issue.5425, pp.221-227, 1999.

M. L. Heuzé, P. Vargas, M. Chabaud, M. Le-berre, Y. Liu et al., Migration of dendritic cells: Physical principles, molecular mechanisms, and functional implications, Immunological Reviews, vol.256, issue.1, pp.240-254, 2013.

J. D. Humphries, P. Wang, C. Streuli, B. Geiger, M. J. Humphries et al., Vinculin controls focal adhesion formation by direct interactions with talin and actin, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.179, issue.5, pp.1043-1057, 2007.

T. Junt, E. A. Moseman, M. Iannacone, S. Massberg, P. A. Lang et al., Subcapsular sinus macrophages in lymph nodes clear lymph-borne viruses and present them to antiviral B cells, Nature, vol.450, issue.7166, pp.110-114, 2007.

D. Le-roux, D. Lankar, M. Yuseff, F. Vascotto, T. Yokozeki et al., Syk-dependent actin dynamics regulate endocytic trafficking and processing of antigens internalized through the B-cell receptor, Molecular Biology of the Cell, vol.18, pp.3451-3462, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00316288

R. Levayer, A. Pelissier-monier, and T. Lecuit, Spatial regulation of Dia and MyosinII by RhoGEF2 controls initiation of E-cadherin endocytosis during epithelial morphogenesis, Nature Cell Biology, vol.13, issue.5, pp.529-540, 2011.

Y. C. Lin, C. Benner, R. Mansson, S. Heinz, K. Miyazaki et al., Global changes in the nuclear positioning of genes and intra-and interdomain genomic interactions that orchestrate B cell fate, Nature Immunology, vol.13, issue.12, pp.1196-1204, 2012.

V. Lotteau, L. Teyton, A. Peleraux, T. Nilsson, L. Karlsson et al., Intracellular transport of class II MHC molecules directed by invariant chain, Nature, vol.348, pp.600-605, 1990.

I. C. Maclennan, Germinal centers, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.12, pp.117-139, 1994.

L. Martinez-pomares and S. Gordon, Antigen presentation the macrophage way, Cell, vol.131, issue.4, pp.641-643, 2007.

L. Massardo, C. Metz, E. Pardo, V. Mezzano, M. Babul et al., Autoantibodies against galectin-8: Their specificity, association with lymphopenia in systemic lupus erythematosus and detection in rheumatoid arthritis and acute inflammation, Lupus, vol.18, issue.6, pp.539-546, 2009.

M. J. Miller, S. H. Wei, I. Parker, and M. D. Cahalan, Two-photon imaging of lymphocyte motility and antigen response in intact lymph node, Science, issue.5574, pp.1869-1873, 2002.

N. A. Mitchison, T-cell-B-cell cooperation, Nature Reviews. Immunology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.308-312, 2004.

C. X. Moss, T. I. Tree, and C. Watts, Reconstruction of a pathway of antigen processing and class II MHC peptide capture, The EMBO Journal, vol.26, issue.8, pp.2137-2147, 2007.

E. Natkanski, W. Y. Lee, B. Mistry, A. Casal, J. E. Molloy et al., B cells use mechanical energy to discriminate antigen affinities, Science, issue.6140, pp.1587-1590, 2013.

F. L. Oliveira, C. Brand, A. A. Paula, K. D. Arcanjo, D. K. Hsu et al., Lack of galectin-3 disturbs mesenteric lymph node homeostasis and B cell niches in the course of Schistosoma mansoni infection, PloS One, vol.6, issue.5, 2011.

K. A. Pape, D. M. Catron, A. A. Itano, and M. K. Jenkins, The humoral immune response is initiated in lymph nodes by B cells that acquire soluble antigen directly in the follicles, Immunity, vol.26, issue.4, pp.491-502, 2007.

J. P. Pereira, L. M. Kelly, and J. G. Cyster, Finding the right niche: B-cell migration in the early phases of T-dependent antibody responses, International Immunology, vol.22, issue.6, pp.413-419, 2010.

W. J. Poo, L. Conrad, and C. A. Janeway, Receptor-directed focusing of lymphokine release by helper T cells, Nature, vol.332, pp.378-380, 1988.

H. B-cells-qi, J. G. Egen, A. Y. Huang, and R. N. Germain, Regulatory circuits mediated by lectin-glycan interactions in autoimmunity and cancer, Cell Polarity in Antigen Presentation by, vol.36, pp.322-335, 2006.

G. A. Rabinovich and M. A. Toscano, Turning "sweet" on immunity: Galectinglycan interactions in immune tolerance and inflammation, Nature Reviews. Immunology, vol.9, issue.5, pp.338-352, 2009.

K. Reif, E. H. Ekland, L. Ohl, H. Nakano, M. Lipp et al., Balanced responsiveness to chemoattractants from adjacent zones determines B-cell position, Nature, vol.416, issue.6876, pp.94-99, 2002.

M. Reth and J. Wienands, Initiation and processing of signals from the B cell antigen receptor, Annual Review of Immunology, vol.15, pp.453-479, 1997.

R. J. Riese, P. R. Wolf, D. Br?-omme, L. R. Natkin, J. A. Villadangos et al., Essential role for cathepsin S in MHC class II-associated invariant chain processing and peptide loading, Immunity, vol.4, issue.4, pp.357-366, 1996.

P. A. Roche and P. Cresswell, Invariant chain association with HLA-DR molecules inhibits immunogenic peptide binding, Nature, vol.345, pp.615-618, 1990.

P. A. Roche and P. Cresswell, Proteolysis of the class II-associated invariant chain generates a peptide binding site in intracellular HLA-DR molecules, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.88, pp.3150-3154, 1991.

R. Roozendaal, T. R. Mempel, L. A. Pitcher, S. F. Gonzalez, A. Verschoor et al., Conduits mediate transport of low-molecular-weight antigen to lymph node follicles, Immunity, vol.30, issue.2, pp.264-276, 2009.

J. Saez-de-guinoa, L. Barrio, and Y. R. Carrasco, Vinculin arrests motile B cells by stabilizing integrin clustering at the immune synapse, Journal of Immunology, vol.191, issue.5, pp.2742-2751, 1950.

J. Sáez-de-guinoa, L. Barrio, M. Mellado, and Y. R. Carrasco, CXCL13/CXCR5 signaling enhances BCR-triggered B-cell activation by shaping cell dynamics, Blood, vol.118, issue.6, pp.1560-1569, 2011.

J. Schneppenheim, R. Dressel, S. Hüttl, R. Lüllmann-rauch, M. Engelke et al., The intramembrane protease SPPL2a promotes B cell development and controls endosomal traffic by cleavage of the invariant chain, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.210, issue.1, pp.41-58, 2013.

T. Schnyder, A. Castello, C. Feest, N. E. Harwood, T. Oellerich et al., B cell receptor-mediated antigen gathering requires ubiquitin ligase cbl and adaptors grb2 and dok-3 to recruit Dynein to the signaling microcluster, Immunity, vol.34, issue.6, pp.905-918, 2011.

J. C. Stinchcombe, E. Majorovits, G. Bossi, S. Fuller, and G. M. Griffiths, Centrosome polarization delivers secretory granules to the immunological synapse, Nature, vol.443, issue.7110, pp.462-465, 2006.

J. C. Stinchcombe, M. Salio, V. Cerundolo, D. Pende, M. Arico et al., Centriole polarisation to the immunological synapse directs secretion from cytolytic cells of both the innate and adaptive immune systems, BMC Biology, vol.9, issue.1, p.45, 2011.

K. Suzuki, I. Grigorova, T. G. Phan, L. M. Kelly, and J. G. Cyster, Visualizing B cell capture of cognate antigen from follicular dendritic cells, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.206, issue.7, pp.1485-1493, 2009.

O. Thaunat, A. G. Granja, P. Barral, A. Filby, B. Montaner et al., Asymmetric segregation of polarized antigen on B cell division shapes presentation capacity, Science, vol.335, issue.6067, pp.475-479, 2012.

P. Tolar, H. W. Sohn, and S. K. Pierce, Viewing the antigen-induced initiation of B-cell activation in living cells, Immunological Reviews, vol.221, pp.64-76, 2008.

B. Treanor, D. Depoil, A. Bruckbauer, and F. D. Batista, Dynamic cortical actin remodeling by ERM proteins controls BCR microcluster organization and integrity, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.208, issue.5, pp.1055-1068, 2011.

B. Treanor, D. Depoil, A. Gonzalez-granja, P. Barral, M. Weber et al., The membrane skeleton controls diffusion dynamics and signaling through the B cell receptor, Immunity, vol.32, issue.2, pp.187-199, 2010.

M. V. Tribulatti, V. Cattaneo, U. Hellman, J. Mucci, and O. Campetella, Galectin-8 provides costimulatory and proliferative signals to T lymphocytes, Journal of Leukocyte Biology, vol.86, issue.2, pp.371-380, 2009.

F. Vascotto, D. Lankar, G. Faure-andré, P. Vargas, J. Diaz et al., The actin-based motor protein myosin II regulates MHC class II trafficking and BCR-driven antigen presentation, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.176, issue.7, pp.1007-1019, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00316389

J. A. Villadangos, R. J. Riese, C. Peters, H. A. Chapman, and H. L. Ploegh, Degradation of mouse invariant chain: Roles of cathepsins S and D and the influence of major histocompatibility complex polymorphism, The Journal of Experimental Medicine, vol.186, issue.4, pp.549-560, 1997.

R. Wubbolts, M. Fernandez-borja, I. Jordens, E. Reits, S. Dusseljee et al., Opposing motor activities of dynein and kinesin determine retention and transport of MHC class II-containing compartments, Journal of Cell Science, vol.112, pp.785-795, 1999.

R. Wubbolts, M. Fernandez-borja, L. Oomen, D. Verwoerd, H. Janssen et al., Direct vesicular transport of MHC class II molecules from lysosomal structures to the cell surface, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.135, issue.3, pp.611-622, 1996.

M. Yuseff, D. Lankar, and A. Lennon-duménil, Dynamics of membrane trafficking downstream of B and T cell receptor engagement: Impact on immune synapses, Traffic, issue.6, pp.629-636, 2009.

M. Yuseff, P. Pierobon, A. Reversat, and A. Lennon-duménil, How B cells capture, process and present antigens: A crucial role for cell polarity, Nature Reviews. Immunology, vol.13, issue.7, pp.475-486, 2013.

M. Yuseff, A. Reversat, D. Lankar, J. Diaz, I. Fanget et al., Polarized secretion of lysosomes at the B cell synapse couples antigen extraction to processing and presentation, Immunity, vol.35, issue.3, pp.361-374, 2011.

I. Mellman and R. M. Steinman, Dendritic cells: specialized and regulated antigen processing machines, Cell, vol.106, pp.255-258, 2001.

W. S. Garrett, Developmental control of endocytosis in dendritic cells by Cdc42, Cell, vol.102, pp.325-334, 2000.

M. Cella, F. Sallusto, and A. Lanzavecchia, Origin, maturation and antigen presenting function of dendritic cells, Curr. Opin. Immunol, vol.9, pp.10-16, 1997.

F. Sallusto, M. Cella, C. Danieli, and A. Lanzavecchia, Dendritic cells use macropinocytosis and the mannose receptor to concentrate macromolecules in the major histocompatibility complex class II compartment: downregulation by cytokines and bacterial products, J. Exp. Med, vol.182, pp.389-400, 1995.

J. Farache, Luminal bacteria recruit CD103+ dendritic cells into the intestinal epithelium to sample bacterial antigens for presentation, Immunity, vol.38, pp.581-595, 2013.

L. G. Ng, Migratory dermal dendritic cells act as rapid sensors of protozoan parasites, PLoS Pathog, vol.4, p.1000222, 2008.

S. J. Turley, Transport of peptide-MHC class II complexes in developing dendritic cells, Science, vol.288, pp.522-527, 2000.

A. Martin-fontecha, Regulation of dendritic cell migration to the draining lymph node: impact on T lymphocyte traffic and priming, J. Exp. Med, vol.198, pp.615-621, 2003.

O. Tal, DC mobilization from the skin requires docking to immobilized CCL21 on lymphatic endothelium and intralymphatic crawling, J. Exp. Med, vol.208, pp.2141-2153, 2011.

M. Weber, Interstitial dendritic cell guidance by haptotactic chemokine gradients, Science, vol.339, pp.328-332, 2013.

S. E. Acton, Podoplanin-rich stromal networks induce dendritic cell motility via activation of the C-type lectin receptor CLEC-2, Immunity, vol.37, pp.276-289, 2012.

T. D. Pollard and G. G. Borisy, Cellular motility driven by assembly and disassembly of actin filaments, Cell, vol.112, pp.453-465, 2003.

T. Lammermann, Rapid leukocyte migration by integrin-independent flowing and squeezing, Nature, vol.453, pp.51-55, 2008.

J. Renkawitz, Adaptive force transmission in amoeboid cell migration, Nat. Cell Biol, vol.11, pp.1438-1443, 2009.

G. Faure-andré, Regulation of dendritic cell migration by CD74, the MHC class II-associated invariant chain, Science, vol.322, pp.1705-1710, 2008.

M. L. Heuzé, Migration of dendritic cells: physical principles, molecular mechanisms, and functional implications, Immunol. Rev, vol.256, pp.240-254, 2013.

P. Vargas, E. Terriac, A. M. Lennon-dumenil, and M. Piel, Study of cell migration in microfabricated channels, J. Vis. Exp, vol.84, p.51099, 2014.

G. M. Barton and R. Medzhitov, Toll-like receptor signaling pathways, Science, vol.300, pp.1524-1525, 2003.

B. Heit and P. Kubes, Measuring chemotaxis and chemokinesis: the under-agarose cell migration assay, Sci. STKE, p.5, 2003.

M. Chabaud, Cell migration and antigen capture are antagonistic processes coupled by myosin II in dendritic cells, Nat. Commun, vol.6, p.7526, 2015.

M. Bailly, The F-actin side binding activity of the Arp2/3 complex is essential for actin nucleation and lamellipod extension, Curr. Biol, vol.11, pp.620-625, 2001.

L. Blanchoin, Direct observation of dendritic actin filament networks nucleated by Arp2/3 complex and WASP/Scar proteins, Nature, vol.404, pp.1007-1011, 2000.

T. M. Svitkina and G. G. Borisy, Arp2/3 complex and actin depolymerizing factor/cofilin in dendritic organization and treadmilling of actin filament array in lamellipodia, J. Cell Biol, vol.145, pp.1009-1026, 1999.

M. Koivusalo, Amiloride inhibits macropinocytosis by lowering submembranous pH and preventing Rac1 and Cdc42 signaling, J. Cell Biol, vol.188, pp.547-563, 2010.

B. J. Nolen, Characterization of two classes of small molecule inhibitors of Arp2/3 complex, Nature, vol.460, pp.1031-1034, 2009.

E. D. Goley, An actin-filament-binding interface on the Arp2/3 complex is critical for nucleation and branch stability, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol.107, pp.8159-8164, 2010.

C. Higashida, Actin polymerization-driven molecular movement of mDia1 in living cells, Science, vol.303, 2004.

F. Li and H. N. Higgs, The mouse Formin mDia1 is a potent actin nucleation factor regulated by autoinhibition, Curr. Biol, vol.13, pp.1335-1340, 2003.

D. Pruyne, Role of formins in actin assembly: nucleation and barbed-end association, Science, vol.297, pp.612-615, 2002.

S. A. Rizvi, Identification and characterization of a small molecule inhibitor of formin-mediated actin assembly, Chem. Biol, vol.16, pp.1158-1168, 2009.

K. M. Eisenmann, T cell responses in mammalian diaphanous-related formin mDia1 knock-out mice, J. Biol. Chem, vol.282, pp.25152-25158, 2007.

D. Sakata, Impaired T lymphocyte trafficking in mice deficient in an actinnucleating protein, mDia1, J. Exp. Med, vol.204, pp.2031-2038, 2007.

H. Tanizaki, Rho-mDia1 pathway is required for adhesion, migration, and T-cell stimulation in dendritic cells, Blood, vol.116, pp.5875-5884, 2010.

M. Bovellan, Cellular control of cortical actin nucleation, Curr. Biol, vol.24, pp.1628-1635, 2014.

J. Peng, B. J. Wallar, A. Flanders, P. J. Swiatek, and A. S. Alberts, Disruption of the Diaphanous-related formin Drf1 gene encoding mDia1 reveals a role for Drf3 as an effector for Cdc42, Curr. Biol, vol.13, pp.534-545, 2003.

L. M. Machesky, Scar, a WASp-related protein, activates nucleation of actin filaments by the Arp2/3 complex, Proc. Natl Acad. Sci. USA, vol.96, pp.3739-3744, 1999.

N. Luckashenak, A. Wahe, K. Breit, C. Brakebusch, and T. Brocker, Rho-family GTPase Cdc42 controls migration of Langerhans cells in vivo, J. Immunol, vol.190, pp.27-35, 2013.

M. Sarris, Inflammatory chemokines direct and restrict leukocyte migration within live tissues as glycan-bound gradients, Curr. Biol, vol.22, pp.2375-2382, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00880492

M. Weber and M. Sixt, Live cell imaging of chemotactic dendritic cell migration in explanted mouse ear preparations, Methods Mol. Biol, vol.1013, pp.215-226, 2013.

R. J. Hawkins, Pushing off the walls: a mechanism of cell motility in confinement, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.102, p.58103, 2009.

K. Wilson, Mechanisms of leading edge protrusion in interstitial migration, Nat. Commun, vol.4, p.2896, 2013.

D. M. Veltman, PIP3-dependent macropinocytosis is incompatible with chemotaxis, J. Cell Biol, vol.204, pp.497-505, 2014.

R. Forster, CCR7 coordinates the primary immune response by establishing functional microenvironments in secondary lymphoid organs, Cell, vol.99, pp.23-33, 1999.

J. Riedl, Lifeact mice for studying F-actin dynamics, Nat. Methods, vol.7, pp.168-169, 2010.

M. D. Muzumdar, B. Tasic, K. Miyamichi, L. Li, and L. Luo, A global doublefluorescent Cre reporter mouse, Genesis, vol.45, pp.593-605, 2007.

K. Wolf, Physical limits of cell migration: control by ECM space and nuclear deformation and tuning by proteolysis and traction force, J. Cell Biol, vol.201, pp.1069-1084, 2013.

S. Preibisch, S. Saalfeld, and P. Tomancak, Globally optimal stitching of tiled 3D microscopic image acquisitions, Bioinformatics, vol.25, pp.1463-1465, 2009.

P. Maiuri, The first world cell race, Curr. Biol, vol.22, pp.673-675, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00744751

D. Selmeczi, S. Mosler, P. H. Hagedorn, N. B. Larsen, and H. Flyvbjerg, Cell motility as persistent random motion: theories from experiments, Biophys. J, vol.89, pp.912-931, 2005.