=. New-addr-h and . Âaê, Ènew C , (h, l)Í?NewObj Ca Èaddr a, (h ' ae a(C , init-fields FDTs), l)Í Cast

P. Castn, ÈCast C null, sÍ?Silent Ènull, sÍ Load lcl sV = ÂvÊ P, w " ÈVar V , sÍ?Silent ÈVal v, sÍ

P. Store, ÈV := Val v, (h, l)Í?Silent Èunit

. Bop-binop, ÈVal v1 ? bop ? Val v2 , sÍ?Silent ÈVal v, sÍ Read hp sa= Â(C , fs)Ê fs(F , D)=ÂvÊ P, w " Èa.F {D}, sÍ?OwnerCheck a True ÈVal v, sÍ Write ha= Â(C , fs)Ê h Õ = h

P. Condtrue, Èif (true) e1 else e2

P. Condfalse, Èif (false) e1 else e2

P. While, e; while (b) e) else unit, sÍ Try P, w " Ètry Val vs catch (CV) e, sÍ?Silent ÈVal vs, sÍ Catch hp sa= Â(D, fs)Ê P " D ? ? C P, w " Ètry Throw a catch (CV) e, sÍ?Silent È{V : Class C ; V := addr a; e}, sÍ ReThrow hp sa= Â(D, fs)ʬ P " D ? ? C P, w " Ètry Throw a catch (CV) e, sÍ?Silent ÈThrow a, sÍ Figure 2.2: Siaam Expression reduction OutOfMem new-Addr h = None P, Ènew C

P. Writebadowner, . F. Èa, . {d}, . Nullpointer, and P. Sí-thrownull, Èthrow null, sÍ?Silent ÈTHROW NullPointer, sÍ Figure 2.3: Siaam Exceptional expression reduction CastT P, w " ÈCast C throw e, sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ StoreT P, w " ÈV := throw e, sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ ReadT P, w " Èthrow e.F {D}, sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ WriteLT P, w " Èthrow e.F {D} := e2 , sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ WriteRT P, w " ÈVal v.F {D} := throw e, sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ BopLT P, w " Èthrow e ?bop? e2 , sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ BopRT P, w " ÈVal v ?bop? throw e, sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ Va r D e c l T P, w " È{V : T ; Throw a}, sÍ?Silent Throw a}, sÍ?Silent ÈThrow a, sÍ CallT P, w " Èthrow e.M (es), sÍ?Silent Èthrow e

P. Argst, M (map Val vs @( throw e · es Õ )), sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ Throw P, w Èthrow e; e2 , sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ CondT P, w " Èif (throw e) e1 else e2 , sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ ThrowT P, w " Èthrow throw e, sÍ?Silent Èthrow e, sÍ Figure 2.4: Exception propagation ANNEXE C, ABSTRACTS in a state-of-the-art Java virtual-machine and a set of custom static analyses automatically reduce the runtime overhead

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