S. Le, un mode majeur au dessus de l'océan austral, p.13

.. Les-processus-en-jeu, 137 5.3.1 Les changements de la profondeur de la couche de mélange . . . 137 5.3.2 Evolution de la contribution des processus aux changements des propriétés de la couche de mélange, p.138

.. Distribution-spatiale-des-processus-de-contrôle, 146 L'approche méthodologique, p.146

.. Distribution-spatiale-de-l-'anomalie-de-salinisation, 147 Distribution spatiale des anomalies de réchauffement et de refroidissement, p.151

C. La and .. , en surimposition, l'iso-contouràcontourà 350 m (traitépaistraitépais bleu) et le SAF (trait fin noir) (en bas), p.52

B. De-schneider, pour REFsam ; (en haut) moyenne régionale sur la zone nord (75?W-90?W , 52?S-56?S) ; (en bas) moyenne régionale sur la zone sud (70?W-90?W , 56?S-60?S), p.56, 2003.

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. Epaisseur-de-glace-de-mer, pour les observations issues du satellite ICEsat ( source : Kurtz and Markus (2012) ) (en haut), en moyenne climatologique 1999-2004 pour la simulation REFsam (en bas), de gauchè a droite au printemps, enétéenété et en automne, p.70, 2003.

N. Pour-le-champs-observé-issu-du, a gauche) et la simulation REFsam (` a droite), p.70

.. Le-calcul-de-régression-est-effectué-sur-la-période, Sur l'image de droite, les zones hachurées recouvrent les coefficients de régression linéaire non significatifàsignificatifà 90% suivant le t-test qui sera utilisé dans la sous-section 3.3.2, p.71, 1980.

S. Régressions-de-la-moyenne-annuelle-de, soustraite sur l'indice SAM (NCEP) dont la tendance estégalementestégalement soustraite pour les observations HADISST (` a gauche) pour l'ensemble des GCMs utilisés dans l'´ etude de Lefebvre and Goosse (2008) (au centre) et pour REFsam Le calcul de régression est effectué sur la période 1979-2004 pour les deux images de gauche et sur la période 1980-2004 pour l'image de droite. Sur l'image de droite, les zones hachurées recouvrent les coefficients de régression linéaire non significatifàsignificatifà 90% suivant le t-test qui sera utilisé dans la sous-section 3.3.2. Les 2 images de gauche sont issues, p.72, 2008.

?. Métrique, 2) estimée sur la période 1990-2004 pour les variables atmosphériques régressées sur l'indice SAM u10, v10, precip, snow et sur la période 1990-2001 pour la variable t10 régressée sur l'indice, p.94

W. Dans-l-'image, les extremumsàextremumsà 70?S observésobservésà partir de l'hiver 2001 trahissent la présence de deux polynies de pleine mer ouvertes en 2001 en mer de Weddell et au dessus du mont sous-marin " Maud Rise, 66?S-3?E) dans l'expérience WIND. Nous décrierons ces deux polynies dans le chapitre 5, p.138

S. Schéma-bilan-de-la-réponse-au, A. Prec-refsam-)-des, S. , and L. , La zone d'affleurement des AAIW et des SAMW dans la simulation REFsam (resp PREC) est en trait plein (resp pointillé) L'amplitude du déplacement méridien de l'affleurement des masses d'eau estàestà l'´ echelle. L'´ evolution des propriétés des traceurs d'une simulationàsimulationà l'autre estégalementestégalement illustré via l'´ echelle de couleur ( bas de l'image) Les processus dominant la salinisation, le réchauffement et le refroidissement significatifs sont schématisés pour chacune de ces trois anomalies. En surimposition, les anomalies de profondeur de couche de mélange, en gris clair les anomalies positives et en gris, p.154

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. Dans-cette-thèse, on s'intéressè a comprendre les effets de la tendance positive du SAM sur les propriétés des masses d'eau formées dans la région de l'ACC. A cette fin, on met en place une stratégie de simulations régionales couplées océan-glace de mer et forcées par une série de scénarios atmosphériques perturbés, Les scénarios atmosphériques sont construitsàconstruitsà partir de réanalyses atmosphériques afin de décrire les différentes composantes (dynamiques et thermodynamiques) des changements liés au SAM

S. Du, les simulations montrent une forte salinisation de la couche de mélange océanique ainsi que des eaux modales (SAMW) et intermédiaires (AAIW) L'essentiel de ces changements peutêtrepeutêtre attribué aux composantes dynamiques du SAM. Dans les régionssaisonnì eres englacées, les composantes thermodynamiques du SAM peuvent jouer un rôle important (en particulier en mer d'Amundsen et en mer de Weddell) Les simulations montrentégalementmontrentégalement le rôle clef joué par la glace de mer dans la médiation des changements atmosphériques vers l'océan intérieur, Ces résultats de simulations suggèrent que le SAM ne serait pas le seul pilote des tendances climatiques récentes dans l'océan Austral