T. Vorticity-fluxes and .. , 66 4.9.1 Viscous sub-layer and advective boundary-layer, 66 4.9.2 Scaling of the width of the boundary-layers . . . . . . . . . . . 69

.. Munk-formula, 71 4.11.1 Estimation of the effective beta value (? eff ), p.73

A. Beckmann and R. Döscher, A Method for Improved Representation of Dense Water Spreading over Topography in Geopotential-Coordinate Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.4, pp.581-591, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0581:AMFIRO>2.0.CO;2

B. Blanke and P. Delecluse, Variability of the Tropical Atlantic Ocean Simulated by a General Circulation Model with Two Different Mixed-Layer Physics, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.23, issue.7, pp.1363-1388, 1993.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<1363:VOTTAO>2.0.CO;2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01143309

G. Boffetta and R. E. Ecke, Two-Dimensional Turbulence, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.44, issue.1, pp.427-451, 2012.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-fluid-120710-101240
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00018847

U. Brockmann, V. Ittekkot, G. Kattner, K. Eberlein, and K. Hammer, Release of Dissolved Organic Substances in the Course of Phytoplankton Blooms, North Sea Dynamics, pp.530-548, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-68838-6_36

J. Bruce, M. Fieux, and J. Gonella, A note on the continuance of the somali eddy after the cessation of the southwest monsoon, Oceanologica Acta, vol.4, issue.1, pp.7-9, 1981.

J. G. Bruce, D. R. Johnson, and J. C. Kindle, Evidence for eddy formation in the eastern Arabian Sea during the northeast monsoon, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.96, issue.C4, pp.99-7651, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/91JC02424

M. A. Cane and P. R. Gent, Reflection of low-frequency equatorial waves at arbitrary western boundaries, Journal of Marine Research, vol.42, issue.3, pp.487-502, 1984.
DOI : 10.1357/002224084788505988

J. G. Charney, THE GULF STREAM AS AN INERTIAL BOUNDARY LAYER, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.41-731, 1955.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.41.10.731
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528173/pdf

R. Courant, K. Friedrichs, and H. Lewy, On the Partial Difference Equations of Mathematical Physics, IBM Journal of Research and Development, vol.11, issue.2, pp.215-234, 1967.
DOI : 10.1147/rd.112.0215

M. Cox, A numerical study of surface cooling processes during summer in the arabian sea. Monsoon dynamics, pp.529-540, 1981.

M. D. Cox, A Numerical Study of Somali Current Eddies, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.9, issue.2, pp.311-326, 1979.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1979)009<0311:ANSOSC>2.0.CO;2

A. Cutler and J. Swallow, Surface currents of the Indian Ocean (to 25 S, 100 E): Compiled from historical data archived by the Meteorological Office, Institute of Oceanographic Sciences, 1984.

J. Deardorff, The Counter-Gradient Heat Flux in the Lower Atmosphere and in the Laboratory, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.23, issue.5, pp.503-506, 1966.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1966)023<0503:TCGHFI>2.0.CO;2

C. A. Edwards and J. Pedlosky, Dynamics of Nonlinear Cross-Equatorial Flow. Part I: Potential Vorticity Transformation, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.12, pp.2382-2406, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2382:DONCEF>2.0.CO;2

C. A. Edwards and J. Pedlosky, Dynamics of Nonlinear Cross-Equatorial Flow. Part II: The Tropically Enhanced Instability of the Western Boundary Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.12, pp.28-2407, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2407:DONCEF>2.0.CO;2
URL : http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA330123

H. Ertel, Der vertikale turbulenz-wärmestrom in der atmosphäre, Meteor. Z, vol.59, pp.250-253, 1942.

R. H. Evans and O. B. Brown, Propagation of thermal fronts in the somali current system. Deep Sea Research Part A. Oceanographic Research Papers, pp.521-527, 1981.

T. Fichefet and M. M. Maqueda, Sensitivity of a global sea ice model to the treatment of ice thermodynamics and dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.43, issue.C6, pp.12609-12621, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/AR043p0203

M. Fieux and H. Stommel, Onset of the Southwest Monsoon over the Arabian Sea from Marine Reports of Surface Winds: Structure and Variability, Monthly Weather Review, vol.105, issue.2, pp.231-236, 1977.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1977)105<0231:OOTSMO>2.0.CO;2

J. Findlater, Mean monthly airflow at low levels over the western Indian Ocean, 1971.

J. Fischer, F. Schott, and L. Stramma, Currents and transports of the Great Whirl-Socotra Gyre system during the summer monsoon, August 1993, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.13, issue.5, pp.3573-3587, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013<1398:DONSFP>2.0.CO;2

P. Flament, A state variable for characterizing water masses and their diffusive stability: spiciness, Progress in Oceanography, vol.54, issue.1-4, pp.493-501, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6611(02)00065-4

B. Fox-kemper and J. Pedlosky, Wind-driven barotropic gyre I: Circulation control by eddy vorticity fluxes to an enhanced removal region, Journal of Marine Research, vol.62, issue.2, pp.169-193, 2004.
DOI : 10.1357/002224004774201681

D. M. Fratantoni, A. S. Bower, W. E. Johns, and H. Peters, Somali Current rings in the eastern Gulf of Aden, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.22, issue.41, p.111, 1978.
DOI : 10.5589/m02-047

U. Frisch, Turbulence: the legacy ofa, 1995.

. Hyperviscosity, galerkin truncation, and bottlenecks in turbulence. Physical review letters, p.144501

J. C. Goldman, Potential role of large oceanic diatoms in new primary production. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, pp.159-168, 1993.

S. Herbette, Y. Morel, and M. Arhan, Erosion of a Surface Vortex by a Seamount, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.33, issue.8, pp.1664-1679, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/2382.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00276414

S. Herbette, Y. Morel, and M. Arhan, Plane, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.35, issue.11, pp.2012-2030, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/JPO2809.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01126757

G. Hervieux, Etude numerique des interactions courant/topographie: application au gyre subpolaire, aux seuils de Gibraltar et des mers Nordiques, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00730205

H. Hurlburt and J. D. Thompson, A Numerical Model of the Somali Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.6, issue.5, pp.646-664, 1976.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1976)006<0646:ANMOTS>2.0.CO;2

G. Ierley and W. Young, Viscous Instabilities in the Western Boundary Layer, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1323-1332, 1991.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<1323:VIITWB>2.0.CO;2

S. Jiang, F. Jin, and M. Ghil, Multiple Equilibria, Periodic, and Aperiodic Solutions in a Wind-Driven, Double-Gyre, Shallow-Water Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.25, issue.5, pp.25-764, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1995)025<0764:MEPAAS>2.0.CO;2

W. E. Johns, T. N. Lee, F. A. Schott, R. J. Zantopp, and R. H. Evans, The North Brazil Current retroflection: Seasonal structure and eddy variability, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.94, issue.15, pp.95-22103, 1978.
DOI : 10.1029/JC094iC12p17985

M. Kawamiya and A. Oschlies, An eddy-permitting, coupled ecosystem-circulation model of the Arabian Sea: comparison with observations, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.38, issue.3-4, pp.221-257, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0924-7963(02)00241-5

P. Klein, G. Lapeyre, G. Roullet, L. Gentil, S. Sasaki et al., Ocean turbulence at meso and submesoscales: connection between surface and interior dynamics, Geophysical & Astrophysical Fluid Dynamics, vol.103, issue.4-5, pp.4-5, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/2008JAS2653.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00650248

R. Knox and D. Anderson, Recent advances in the study of the low-latitude ocean circulation, Progress in Oceanography, vol.14, pp.259-317, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(85)90014-X

A. Lecointre, J. Molines, and B. Barnier, Definition of the interannual experiment orca12, pp.46-95, 1989.

A. Lecointre, J. Molines, and B. Barnier, Definition of the interannual experiments orca12.l75-mal83 (1978-1982) and orca12.l46-mal83, 1978.

M. Lee, A. C. Coward, and A. G. Nurser, Spurious Diapycnal Mixing of the Deep Waters in an Eddy-Permitting Global Ocean Model, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.32, issue.5, pp.1522-1535, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2002)032<1522:SDMOTD>2.0.CO;2

A. Leetmaa, D. Quadfasel, and D. Wilson, Development of the Flow Field during the Onset of the Somali Current, 1979, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.12, issue.12, p.12, 1982.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1982)012<1325:DOTFFD>2.0.CO;2

S. Lichter, J. Flór, and G. Van-heijst, Modelling the separation and eddy formation of coastal currents in a stratified tank, Experiments in Fluids, vol.217, issue.1, pp.11-16, 1992.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112090000623

M. J. Lighthill, Dynamic Response of the Indian Ocean to Onset of the Southwest Monsoon, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.265, issue.1159, pp.45-92, 1969.
DOI : 10.1098/rsta.1969.0040

L. Lin and H. Hurlburt, Maximum simplification of nonlinear somali current dynamics. Monsoon dynamics, pp.541-555, 1981.

M. E. Luther and J. J. O-'brien, A model of the seasonal circulation in the Arabian Sea forced by observed winds, Progress in Oceanography, vol.14, pp.353-385, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(85)90017-5

R. A. Madden and P. R. Julian, Description of Global-Scale Circulation Cells in the Tropics with a 40?50 Day Period, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.29, issue.6, pp.29-1109, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<1109:DOGSCC>2.0.CO;2

G. Madec, Nemo ocean engine, 2008.

J. P. Mccreary and P. K. Kundu, A numerical investigation of the Somali Current during the Southwest Monsoon, Journal of Marine Research, vol.46, issue.1, pp.25-58, 1988.
DOI : 10.1357/002224088785113711

J. P. Mccreary, P. K. Kundu, and R. L. Molinari, A numerical investigation of dynamics, thermodynamics and mixed-layer processes in the Indian Ocean, Progress in Oceanography, vol.31, issue.3, pp.31-181, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(93)90002-U

F. Mesinger, A. Arakawa, and A. Kasahara, Numerical methods used in atmospheric models, World Meteorological Organization, vol.1, 1976.

R. L. Molinari, D. Olson, and G. Reverdin, Surface current distributions in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from compilations of surface buoy trajectories, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.181, issue.C5, pp.95-7217, 1978.
DOI : 10.1126/science.181.4096.262

Y. Morel and J. Mcwilliams, Evolution of Isolated Interior Vortices in the Ocean, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.27, issue.5, pp.727-748, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1997)027<0727:EOIIVI>2.0.CO;2

G. Morgan, On the wind-driven ocean circulation1, Tellus, vol.8, issue.3, pp.301-320, 1956.

W. H. Munk, ON THE WIND-DRIVEN OCEAN CIRCULATION, Journal of Meteorology, vol.7, issue.2, pp.80-93, 1950.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1950)007<0080:OTWDOC>2.0.CO;2

D. Nof and T. Pichevin, The Retroflection Paradox, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.26, issue.11, pp.2344-2358, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1996)026<2344:TRP>2.0.CO;2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00298489

D. Nof and T. Pichevin, The Establishment of the Tsugaru and the Alboran Gyres, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.1, pp.39-54, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0039:TEOTTA>2.0.CO;2

D. Nof, S. Van-gorder, and T. Pichevin, A Different Outflow Length Scale?, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.34, issue.4, pp.793-804, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2004)034<0793:ADOLS>2.0.CO;2

J. Pedlosky, Geophysical fluid, Dynamics, vol.21, pp.502-517, 1979.

J. Pedlosky, Geophysical fluid dynamics, 1987.

S. Philander and P. Delecluse, Coastal currents in low latitudes (with application to the somali and el nino currents) Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, issue.8, pp.30-887, 1983.

S. Philander and R. Pacanowski, The oceanic response to cross-equatorial winds (with application to coastal upwelling in low latitudes), Tellus, vol.33, issue.2, pp.201-210, 1981.

T. Pichevin and D. Nof, The eddy cannon. Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, pp.1475-1507, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/s0967-0637(96)00064-7

T. Pichevin and D. Nof, The momentum imbalance paradox, Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, vol.23, issue.10, pp.298-319, 1997.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1993)023<0250:SOWCRI>2.0.CO;2

T. Pichevin, D. Nof, and J. Lutjeharms, Why Are There Agulhas Rings?, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.4, pp.693-707, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0693:WATAR>2.0.CO;2
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.690.4013

L. Prandtl, BerichtüberBericht¨Berichtüber untersuchungen zur ausgebildeten turbulenz, Z. Angew. Math. Mech, vol.5, issue.2, pp.136-139, 1925.

L. Prandtl, ¨ Uber flüssigkeitsbewegung bei sehr kleiner reibung (heidelberg, 1904.

D. R. Quadfasel and F. Schott, Southward subsurface flow below the Somali Current, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.40, issue.C10, pp.88-5973, 1978.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013<1398:DONSFP>2.0.CO;2

R. Rao, G. Kumar, M. Ravichandran, A. Rao, V. Gopalakrishna et al., Interannual variability of kelvin wave propagation in the wave guides of the equatorial indian ocean, the coastal bay of bengal and the southeastern arabian sea during, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, pp.1-13, 1993.

R. R. Rao, R. L. Molinari, and J. F. Festa, Evolution of the climatological nearsurface thermal structure of the tropical indian ocean: 1. description of mean monthly mixed layer depth, and sea surface temperature, surface current, and surface meteorological fields, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, issue.C8, pp.94-10801, 1978.

P. Richardson, G. Hufford, R. Limeburner, and W. Brown, North Brazil Current retroflection eddies, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.18, issue.51, pp.99-5081, 1978.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1641:IWITEA>2.0.CO;2

T. Rixen, B. Haake, and V. Ittekkot, Sedimentation in the western arabian sea the role of coastal and open-ocean upwelling. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, pp.47-2155, 2000.

S. K. Robinson, Coherent Motions in the Turbulent Boundary Layer, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.601-639, 1991.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.003125

G. Roullet and G. Madec, Salt conservation, free surface, and varying levels: A new formulation for ocean general circulation models, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.97, issue.C10, pp.105-23927, 1978.
DOI : 10.1029/92JC00911
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00772157

H. Schlichting and K. Gersten, Boundary-layer theory, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-52919-5

F. Schott, Monsoon response of the Somali Current and associated upwelling, Progress in Oceanography, vol.12, issue.3, pp.357-381, 1983.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(83)90014-9

F. Schott, J. Fischer, U. Garternicht, and D. Quadfasel, Summer monsoon response of the northern somali current, Geophysical Research Letters, issue.21, pp.24-2565, 1995.

F. Schott and J. P. Mccreary-jr, The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean, Progress in Oceanography, vol.51, issue.1, pp.1-123, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6611(01)00083-0

F. Schott and D. Quadfasel, Monsoon response of the Somali Current and associated upwelling, Progress in Oceanography, vol.12, issue.3, pp.357-381, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0079-6611(83)90014-9

F. Schott, J. C. Swallow, and M. Fieux, The somali current at the equator: annual cycle of currents and transports in the upper 1000 m and connection to neighbouring latitudes. Deep Sea Research Part A, Oceanographic Research Papers, issue.12, pp.37-1825, 1990.

D. Shankar and S. Shetye, On the dynamics of the Lakshadweep high and low in the southeastern Arabian Sea, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.96, issue.C6, pp.12551-12563, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/91JC02424

S. Shenoi, P. Saji, and A. Almeida, Near-surface circulation and kinetic energy in the tropical Indian Ocean derived from Lagrangian drifters, Journal of Marine Research, vol.57, issue.6, pp.885-907, 1999.
DOI : 10.1357/002224099321514088

S. R. Shetye, West India Coastal Current and Lakshadweep High/Low, Sadhana, vol.96, issue.5-6, pp.5-6, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02744586

J. Smagorinsky, Some historical remarks on the use of nonlinear viscosities. Large eddy simulation of complex engineering and geophysical flows, pp.69-106, 1993.

M. E. Stern and J. Whitehead, Separation of a boundary jet in a rotating fluid, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.217, issue.-1, pp.41-69, 1990.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112069002308

H. Stommel, The westward intensification of wind-driven ocean currents, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, vol.29, issue.2, pp.202-206, 1948.
DOI : 10.1029/TR029i002p00202

B. Subrahmanyam, I. Robinson, J. Blundell, and P. Challenor, Indian Ocean Rossby waves observed in TOPEX/POSEIDON altimeter data and in model simulations, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.22, issue.1, pp.141-167, 2001.
DOI : 10.1080/014311601750038893

H. U. Sverdrup, Wind-Driven Currents in a Baroclinic Ocean; with Application to the Equatorial Currents of the Eastern Pacific, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.33, issue.11, pp.33-318, 1947.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.33.11.318

J. Swallow, M. Fieux, and F. Schott, The boundary currents east and north of Madagascar: 1. Geostrophic currents and transports, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.9, issue.C5, pp.93-4951, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/S0198-0149(81)80001-5

J. C. Swallow and J. Bruce, Current measurements off the Somali coast during the southwest monsoon of 1964, Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, pp.861-888, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/0011-7471(76)90908-6

J. C. Swallow, R. L. Molinari, J. G. Bruce, O. B. Brown, and R. H. Evans, Development of Near-Surface Flow Pattern and Water Mass Distribution in the Somali Basin in Response to the Southwest Monsoon of 1979, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.13, issue.8, pp.13-1398, 1983.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1983)013<1398:DONSFP>2.0.CO;2

V. Thierry and Y. Morel, Influence of a Strong Bottom Slope on the Evolution of a Surface-Intensified Vortex, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.29, issue.5, pp.911-924, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1999)029<0911:IOASBS>2.0.CO;2

G. K. Vallis, Atmospheric and oceanic fluid dynamics: fundamentals and large-scale circulation, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/9781107588417

P. J. Van-leeuwen and W. P. De-ruijter, On the Steadiness of Separating Meandering Currents, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.39, issue.2, pp.437-448, 2009.
DOI : 10.1175/2008JPO3869.1

F. Vandermeirsch, Y. Morel, and G. Sutyrin, The Net Advective Effect of a Vertically Sheared Current on a Coherent Vortex, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.31, issue.8, pp.31-2210, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(2001)031<2210:TNAEOA>2.0.CO;2

M. Visbeck and F. Schott, Analysis of Seasonal Current Variations in the Western Equatorial Indian Ocean: Direct Measurements and GFDL Model Comparison, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.22, issue.10, pp.1112-1128, 1992.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1992)022<1112:AOSCVI>2.0.CO;2

M. Winton, R. Hallberg, and A. Gnanadesikan, -Coordinate Ocean Models, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.11, pp.28-2163, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2163:SODDFD>2.0.CO;2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00350536

A. Wirth, J. Willebrand, and F. Schott, Variability of the great whirl from observations and models. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, pp.1279-1295, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00259853

K. Wyrtki, An Equatorial Jet in the Indian Ocean, Science, vol.181, issue.4096, pp.262-264, 1973.
DOI : 10.1126/science.181.4096.262

S. Zilitinkevich, V. M. Gryanik, V. Lykossov, and D. Mironov, Third-Order Transport and Nonlocal Turbulence Closures for Convective Boundary Layers*, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.56, issue.19, pp.56-3463, 1999.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1999)056<3463:TOTANT>2.0.CO;2

R. Bofetta, G. Ecke, and R. , Two-Dimensional Turbulence, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.44, issue.1, pp.427-451, 2012.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev-fluid-120710-101240

J. Charney, THE GULF STREAM AS AN INERTIAL BOUNDARY LAYER, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.41, issue.10, pp.731-740, 1955.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.41.10.731
URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC528173/pdf

C. A. Edwards and J. Pedlosky, Dynamics of Nonlinear Cross-Equatorial Flow. Part II: The Tropically Enhanced Instability of the Western Boundary Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.12, pp.2382-2406, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2407:DONCEF>2.0.CO;2
URL : http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA330123

C. A. Edwards and J. Pedlosky, Dynamics of Nonlinear Cross-Equatorial Flow. Part II: The Tropically Enhanced Instability of the Western Boundary Current, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.28, issue.12, pp.2407-2422, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1998)028<2407:DONCEF>2.0.CO;2
URL : http://www.dtic.mil/get-tr-doc/pdf?AD=ADA330123

B. Fox-kemper, Wind-driven barotropic gyre II: Effects of eddies and low interior viscosity, Journal of Marine Research, vol.62, issue.2, pp.195-232, 2004.
DOI : 10.1357/002224004774201690

B. Fox-kemper, Reevaluating the Roles of Eddies in Multiple Barotropic Wind-Driven Gyres, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.35, issue.7, pp.1263-1278, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/JPO2743.1

B. Fox-kemper and J. Pedlosky, Wind-driven barotropic gyre I: Circulation control by eddy vorticity fluxes to an enhanced removal region, Journal of Marine Research, vol.62, issue.2, pp.169-193, 2004.
DOI : 10.1357/002224004774201681

U. Frisch, S. Kurien, R. Pandit, W. Pauls, S. Ray et al., Hyperviscosity , galerkin truncation, and bottelnecks in turbulence, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.101, issue.757, pp.25-35, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/physrevlett.101.144501
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/0803.4269

G. R. Ierly and W. R. Young, Viscous Instabilities in the Western Boundary Layer, Journal of Physical Oceanography, vol.21, issue.9, pp.1323-1332, 1991.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1991)021<1323:VIITWB>2.0.CO;2

L. Prandtl, Über Flüssigkeitsbewegung bei sehr kleiner Reibung, Coll. Works, II, pp.575-584, 1904.

L. Prandtl, Bericht über Untersuchungen zur Ausgebildeten Turbulenz, Z. Angew. Math. Mech, issue.5, pp.136-169, 1925.

P. L. Richardson and W. J. Schmitz, Deep cross-equatorial flow in the Atlantic measured with SOFAR floats, Journal of Geophysical Research: Oceans, vol.70, issue.43, pp.8371-8387, 1993.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1641:IWITEA>2.0.CO;2

P. L. Richardson, G. E. Hufford, R. Limeburner, and W. Brown, North Brazil Current retroflection eddies, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.18, issue.51, pp.5081-5093, 1994.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0485(1988)018<1641:IWITEA>2.0.CO;2

S. K. Robinson, Coherent Motions in the Turbulent Boundary Layer, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.601-663, 1991.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.003125

H. Schlichting and K. Gertsen, Boundary-Layer Theory, p.764, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-52919-5

F. Schott and J. Mccreary, The monsoon circulation of the Indian Ocean, Progress in Oceanography, vol.51, issue.1, pp.1-123, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0079-6611(01)00083-0

J. Smagorinsky, Some historical remarks on the use of nonlinear viscosities, in: Large Eddy Simulation of Complex Engineering and Geophysical Flows, p.20

G. Vallis, Atmospheric and Oceanic Fluid Dynamics, p.761, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/9781107588417

A. Wirth, J. Willebrand, and F. Schott, Variability of the Great Whirl from observations and models, Deep-Sea Res, pp.1279-1295, 2001.

. Fischer, Marked are the Southern Gyre, Great Whirl and Socotra Gyre or Socotra Eddy. Near-surface salinities (color-coded on the current vectors) indicate that lower-salinity waters originating from the southwestern and upwelling regions recirculate in the Great Whirl and do not leave the Somali Current zone toward the east in the 4 o -12 o N latitude belt. Instead, outflow from the northern Somali Current during the summer monsoon occurs through the Socotra passage. Note also that the GW in 1995 was located much more northerly, against the banks of southern Socotra, p.96, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/95jc03617