R. R. Abidin, . Odessa, B. S. Abrahams, and D. H. Geschwind, Parenting Stress Index Professional Manual) (Psychological Assessment Ressources Advances in autism genetics: on the threshold of a new neurobiology, Nature Reviews. Genetics J.-L.BECS), vol.9, issue.5, 1995.

. Autisme-du-jeune-enfant, Développement psychologique et régulation de l'activité. Paris: Expansion Scientifique française

J. Adrien, P. Lenoir, J. Martineau, A. Perrot, L. Hameury et al., Blind Ratings of Early Symptoms of Autism Based upon Family Home Movies, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.32, issue.3, pp.617-626, 1993.
DOI : 10.1097/00004583-199305000-00019

E. Agence-nationale-de-l-aguglia, E. Pascolo-fabrici, F. Bertossi, and M. Bassi, évaluation et de la qualité des établissements et services sociaux et médico-sociaux Les attentes de la personne et le projet personnalisé Psychoeducational intervention and prevention of relapse among schizophrenic disorders in the Italian community psychiatric network. Clinical Practice and Epidemiology in Mental Health, CP & EMH, pp.1745-0179, 2007.

A. Ahmadi, E. Sharifi, H. A. Zalani, S. Bolouk, and K. Amrai, The needs of iranian families of children with autism spectrum disorder, cross-cultural study, Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, vol.15, pp.321-326, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.094

M. G. Albano, C. Crozet, and J. F. Ivernois, Analysis of the 2004???2007 literature on therapeutic patient education in diabetes: results and trends, Acta Diabetologica, vol.328, issue.3, pp.211-219, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s00592-008-0044-9

K. C. Alexander, E. M. Clemens, M. Gilbert, J. Mcbreen, and . Organization-for-autism-research, Life Journey through Autism: A Guide for Military Families. Organization for Autism, 2010.

P. Amato and F. Fowler, Parenting Practices, Child Adjustment, and Family Diversity, Journal of Marriage and Family, vol.1, issue.3, pp.703-716, 2002.
DOI : 10.1037//0022-0663.91.1.146

A. Psychiatric-association, DSM-IV-TR Manuel diagnostique et statistique des troubles mentaux : Texte révisé (Édition : 2e.). Editions Masson. American Psychiatric Association, Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, 2003.

D. Cohen, Epilepsy in autism is associated with intellectual disability and gender: evidence from a meta-analysis, Biological Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.7, pp.577-582, 2008.

P. Antoine, S. Quandalle, and V. Christophe, Vivre avec un proche malade??: ??valuation des dimensions positive et n??gative de l???exp??rience des aidants naturels, Annales M??dico-psychologiques, revue psychiatrique, vol.168, issue.4, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.amp.2007.06.012

T. Ardouin, . Acfas, . Canada, . Quebec, and S. Asch, De la compétence individuelle aux capacités organisationnelles : Regards croisés France-Quebec Studies on independance and conformity : a minority of one against an unanimous majority, Psychological Monographs, vol.70, issue.9, pp.1-70, 1956.

E. Asen, Multiple family therapy: an overview, Journal of Family Therapy, vol.24, issue.1, pp.3-16, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-6427.00197

K. K. Ausderau, M. Furlong, J. Sideris, J. Bulluck, L. M. Little et al., Sensory subtypes in children with autism spectrum disorder: latent profile transition analysis using a national survey of sensory features, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.54, issue.8, pp.55-935, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/jcpp.12219

G. Ausloos, La compétence des familles. Ramonville-Saint-Agne, 1995.

A. Genome, P. Consortium, P. Szatmari, A. D. Paterson, L. Zwaigenbaum et al., Mapping autism risk loci using genetic linkage and chromosomal rearrangements, Nature Genetics J, vol.39, issue.3, pp.319-328, 2007.

A. Baghdadli, R. Pry, C. Michelon, and C. Rattaz, Impact of autism in adolescents on parental quality of life, Quality of Life Research, vol.32, issue.1, pp.1859-1868, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s11136-014-0635-6

A. Baghdadli, C. Rattaz, B. Ledésert, and C. Bursztejn, ??tude descriptive des modalit??s d???accompagnement sanitaire, m??dicosocial et scolaire des personnes avec troubles envahissants du d??veloppement (TED) et de la satisfaction des familles ??? Aspects m??thodologiques, Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, vol.58, issue.8, pp.469-477, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurenf.2010.07.014

A. Bailey, L. Couteur, A. Gottesman, I. Bolton, P. Simonoff et al., Autism as a strongly genetic disorder: evidence from a British twin study, Psychological Medicine, vol.134, issue.01, pp.63-77, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1994.tb01164.x

D. B. Bailey and R. J. Simeonsson, Assessing Needs of Families with Handicapped Infants, The Journal of Special Education, vol.22, issue.1, pp.117-127, 1988.
DOI : 10.1177/002246698802200113

M. Baker-ericzen and L. Brookman-frazee, Stress Levels and Adaptability in Parents of Toddlers With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders. Research and Practice for Persons with Severe Disabilities, pp.194-204, 2005.

I. Cohen, S. Cox, A. Baird, G. Swettenham, J. Nightingale et al., Trajectories of emotional well-being in mothers of adolescents and adults with autism Psychological markers in the detection of autism in infancy in a large population, Developmental Psychology The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, vol.47, issue.1682, pp.551-561, 1996.

S. Baron-cohen, S. Wheelwright, R. Skinner, J. Martin, and E. Clubley, The autism-spectrum quotient (AQ): evidence from Asperger syndrome/high-functioning autism, males and females, scientists and mathematicians The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: conceptual, strategic, and statistical consideration, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.31, issue.1, pp.5-17, 1986.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005653411471

M. S. Bauer, J. Akiskal, &. N. Lopez-ibor, and . Sartorius, Psychosocial Interventions for Bipolar Disorder, Bipolar Disorders, pp.281-313, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/047084650X.ch4

W. Questionnaire, French adult population norms for the physical health, psychological health and social relationship dimensions. Revue d'Épidémiologie et de Santé Publique

D. Baumrind, Parental disciplinary patterns and social competence in children, 1978.

D. Baumrind, The Discipline Controversy Revisited, Family Relations, vol.45, issue.4, pp.405-414, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/585170

J. Belsky, The Determinants of Parenting: A Process Model, Child Development, vol.55, issue.1, pp.83-96, 1984.
DOI : 10.2307/1129836

T. Benedek, Parenthood as a developmental phase, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, issue.7, 1959.

P. R. Benson, Coping, distress, and well-being in mothers of children with autism, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.4, issue.2, pp.217-228, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.008

P. R. Benson, Network Characteristics, Perceived Social Support, and Psychological Adjustment in Mothers of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.52, issue.12, pp.2597-2610, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-012-1517-9

P. R. Benson, D. Daley, K. L. Karlof, and D. Robison, Assessing expressed emotion in mothers of children with autism: The Autism-Specific Five Minute Speech Sample, Autism, vol.15, issue.1, pp.65-82, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361309352777

P. R. Benson and J. Kersh, Marital Quality and Psychological Adjustment Among Mothers of Children with ASD: Cross-Sectional and Longitudinal Relationships, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.52, issue.1, pp.1675-1685, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-011-1198-9

H. Grunze, Impact of cognitive-psychoeducational interventions in bipolar patients and their relatives, European Psychiatry, vol.21, issue.2, pp.81-86, 2006.

R. Bernier, J. Gerdts, J. Munson, G. Dawson, and A. Estes, Evidence for broader autism phenotype characteristics in parents from multiple-incidence autism families, Autism Research, vol.358, issue.1, pp.13-20, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/aur.226

L. Beudin and B. Schneider, Être grands-parents d'un petit-enfant différent. Les enjeux intergénérationnels de l'annonce du handicap. Neuropsychiatrie de l'Enfance et de l'Adolescence, pp.183-189, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neurenf.2011.10.012

P. Bibby, S. Eikeseth, N. T. Martin, O. C. Mudford, and D. Reeves, Progress and outcomes for children with autism receiving parent-managed intensive interventions, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.23, issue.1, pp.81-104, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0891-4222(02)00095-1

M. Bigras, P. J. Lafrenière, and R. R. Abidin, Indice de stress parental: Manuel francophone en complément de l'édition américaine. (Multi-Health Sistems Genetic advances in autism: heterogeneity and convergence on shared pathways, Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, vol.19, issue.3, pp.271-278, 1996.

M. H. Birnbaum, V. Bitsika, and C. Sharpley, Psychological Experiments on the Internet Development and testing of the effects of support groups on the well-being of parents of children with autism-II: Specific stress management techniques, Journal of Applied Health Behaviour, vol.2, issue.1, pp.8-15, 2000.

I. Bjelland, A. Dahl, T. Haug, T. Neckelmann, and D. , The validity of the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale. An updated literature review, Journal of Psychosomatic Research, vol.52, pp.68-77, 2002.

A. Blanchet, . Paris, K. D. Bledin, B. Maccarthy, L. Kuipers et al., Dire et faire dire Daughters of people with dementia. Expressed emotion, strain and coping, The British Journal of Psychiatry: The Journal of Mental Science, vol.157, pp.221-227, 1990.

R. Bobet and N. Boucher, Qualité de vie des parents d'enfants autistes bénéficiant d'un accompagnement scolaire et à domicile spécialisé, Approche Neuropsychologique Des Apprentissages Chez L'enfant, pp.83-84, 2005.

H. Bocquet, S. Andrieu, and G. Laroque, « Le burden » : Un indicateur spécifique pour les aidants familiaux : Le vécu relationnel (French). The Burden, a Specific Term Concerning Family Care Givers : The Relational Experience (English), pp.155-166, 1999.

T. Bourgeron, M. Leboyer, and R. Delorme, Autism: more evidence of a genetic cause, Bulletin De l'Académie Nationale De Médecine, pp.299-304, 2009.

J. W. Brennan, A Short-Term Psychoeducational Multiple-Family Group for Bipolar Patients and Their Families, Social Work, vol.40, issue.6, pp.737-743, 1995.

P. Bressoux, Modélisation statistique appliquée aux sciences sociales, 2008.
DOI : 10.3917/dbu.bress.2010.01

D. Boeck, J. B. Brobst, J. R. Clopton, and S. S. Hendrick, Parenting children with autism spectrum disorders: The couple's relationship, Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, vol.24, issue.1, pp.38-4910, 1177.

R. L. Bromley, G. Mawer, J. Clayton-smith, G. A. Baker, M. Neurodevelopment-group et al., Autism spectrum disorders following in utero exposure to antiepileptic drugs Using parent/clinician partnerships in parent education programs for children with autism, Neurology Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, vol.6, issue.234, pp.71-195, 1923.

L. Brookman-frazee, A. Stahmer, M. J. Baker-ericzén, and K. Tsai, Parenting Interventions for Children with Autism Spectrum and Disruptive Behavior Disorders: Opportunities for Cross-Fertilization, Clinical Child and Family Psychology Review, vol.5, issue.2, pp.181-200, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10567-006-0010-4

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3510783

M. Bruchon-schweitzer, N. Rascle, F. Cousson-gelie, C. Bidan-fortier, Y. Sifakis et al., Le questionnaire de soutien social de Sarason (SSQ6) Une adaptation française, Psychologie Française, issue.3, pp.48-89, 2003.

E. Bruckert, I. J. Durack, J. Foucaud, M. Bury, &. C. Balcou-debussche et al., L'éducation thérapeutique chez le patient asthmatique: le programme Pégase Education thérapeutique du patient. Modèles, pratiques et évaluation Echelle de développement psychomoteur de la première enfance Autism spectrum disorders: early detection, intervention, education, and psychopharmacological management, Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, issue.8, pp.155-163, 2001.

E. Cappe, M. Wolff, R. Bobet, and J. Adrien, Quality of life: a key variable to consider in the evaluation of adjustment in parents of children with autism spectrum disorders and in the development of relevant support and assistance programmes, Quality of Life Research, vol.50, issue.3, pp.1279-1294, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11136-011-9861-3

E. Cappe, M. Wolff, R. Bobet, and J. Adrien, ??tude de la qualit?? de vie et des processus d???ajustement des parents d???un enfant ayant un trouble autistique ou un syndrome d???Asperger??: effet de plusieurs variables socio-biographiques parentales et caract??ristiques li??es ?? l???enfant, L'??volution Psychiatrique, vol.77, issue.2, pp.181-199, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.evopsy.2012.01.008

C. Cardi, La construction sexu??e des risques familiaux., Politiques sociales et familiales, vol.101, issue.1, pp.40-42, 2010.
DOI : 10.3406/caf.2010.2837

C. Caron and M. Rutter, Comorbidity in Child Psychopathology: Concepts, Issues and Research Strategies, DREES, Ministère des Affaires sociales et de la Santé, pp.1063-1080, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-440X(89)90051-5

B. Chamak, Autism and social movements: French parents??? associations and international autistic individuals??? organisations, Médecine Sciences: M/S, pp.768-770, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9566.2007.01053.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00242769

B. Chamak and B. Bonniau, Changes in the Diagnosis of Autism: How Parents and Professionals Act and React in France, Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, vol.18, issue.5, pp.405-426, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s11013-013-9323-1

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00854648

B. Chamak, B. Bonniau, L. Oudaya, and A. Ehrenberg, The autism diagnostic experiences of French parents, Autism, vol.15, issue.1, pp.83-97, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361309354756

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00717651

P. Chanial and G. Gaglio, Aidons les aidants, Une intiativemutualiste face au marché de la dépendance. La Découverte, pp.121-139, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01519904

M. Charles, R. Soppelsa, J. Albaret, W. T. Chien, and K. Wong, Echelle d'évaluation rapide de l'écriture chez l'enfant (BHK) ECPA A family psychoeducation group program for chinese people with schizophrenia in Hong Kong, Psychiatric Services, issue.7, pp.58-1003, 2004.

N. Chimeh, R. Pouretemad, and R. Khoram-abadi, Need assessment of mothers with autistic children, Journal of Family Research, vol.3, issue.3, pp.697-707, 2008.

P. Cialdella and N. Mamelle, An Epidemiological Study of Infantile Autism in a French Department (Rh??ne): Research Note, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.137, issue.1, pp.165-175, 1989.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1989.tb00775.x

M. Cohan, M. Ioannou, G. Institut, . Allan-roeher, . Downsview et al., Le petit livre des parents: Ressource à l'intention des parents qui viennent d'apprendre que leur enfant présente une déficience intellectuelle A randomized trial on the efficacy of group psychoeducation in the prophylaxis of recurrences in bipolar patients whose disease is in remission, Archives of General Psychiatry, vol.60, issue.4, pp.402-407, 1986.

F. Colom, E. Vieta, M. Reinares, A. Martínez-arán, C. Torrent et al., Psychoeducation Efficacy in Bipolar Disorders, The Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, vol.64, issue.9, pp.1101-1105, 2003.
DOI : 10.4088/JCP.v64n0917

S. Cook-darzens, R. K. Cowan, and C. Low, Thérapies multifamiliales : Des groupes comme agents thérapeutiques Les thérapies comportementales et cognitives (4ème édition) Paris: Masson Couples' experiences of raising a child on the autism spectrum: A narrative study Everyday stresses and parenting, ProQuest Information & Learning M. H. Bornstein, Handbook of parenting, pp.243-267, 2002.
DOI : 10.3917/eres.cook.2007.01

. Cross-disorder, Identification of risk loci with shared effects on five major psychiatric disorders: a genome-wide analysis, Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Lancet, issue.987512, pp.381-1371, 2013.

. Cross-disorder, . Group, . The-psychiatric-genomics, . Consortium, S. H. Lee et al., Genetic relationship between five psychiatric disorders estimated from genome-wide SNPs, Nature Genetics, vol.45, issue.9, pp.984-994, 2013.

E. Darchis, Construire une famille, Premières années, premiers liens, 2005.

L. A. Dardas and M. M. Ahmad, Predictors of quality of life for fathers and mothers of children with Autistic Disorder, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.35, issue.6, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.03.009

L. A. Dardas and M. M. Ahmad, Quality of life among parents of children with autistic disorder: A sample from the Arab world, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.35, issue.2, pp.278-287, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.10.029

L. A. Dardas and M. M. Ahmad, Validation of the World Health Organization???s Quality of Life Questionnaire with Parents of Children with Autistic Disorder, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.28, issue.12, pp.44-2257, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-014-2110-1

N. Davis and A. Carter, Parenting Stress in Mothers and Fathers of Toddlers with Autism Spectrum Disorders: Associations with Child Characteristics, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.19, issue.3, pp.38-1278, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-007-0512-z

J. Dayan, K. T. Deater-deckard, D. Johnson, and J. Ingram, Parentalité: enjeux et pratique sociale Toulouse: Eres Parenting Stress and Child Adjustment: Some Old Hypotheses and New Questions Transition to parenthood: the needs of parents in pregnancy and early parenthood, Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, vol.5, issue.8, pp.157-170, 1186.

J. Déchaux, L'éducation familiale sous pression, La Découverte. Décret n° 2005-11 du 6 janvier 2005 fixant les conditions techniques d'organisation et de fonctionnement des instituts thérapeutiques, éducatifs et pédagogiques, pp.50-69, 2005.

D. Delecourt, Approche thématique: rubrique parentalité, 2003.

C. Derguy, G. Michel, K. M-'bailara, S. Roux, M. G. Bouvard et al., Assessing needs in parents of children with autism: a crucial preliminary step to target relevant issues for support programs Challenges, Coping Strategies, and Unmet Needs of Families with a Child with Autism Spectrum Disorder in Goa, Journal of Intellectual & Developmental Disability. Divan, Autism Research, vol.5, issue.3, pp.190-200, 2012.

L. Dixon, Pilot Study of the Effectiveness of the Family-to-Family Education Program, Psychiatric Services, vol.52, issue.7, pp.965-967, 2001.
DOI : 10.1176/appi.ps.52.7.965

W. Doise, . Paris, A. I. Donaldson, K. S. Heavner, and T. A. Zwolan, Psychologie sociale expérimentale Measuring progress in children with autism spectrum disorder who have cochlear implants. Archives of Otolaryngology--Head & Neck Surgery, pp.666-671, 1995.

M. Drapeau, Les crit??res de scientificit?? en recherche qualitative, Pratiques Psychologiques, vol.10, issue.1, pp.79-86, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.prps.2004.01.004

C. S. Duarte, I. A. Bordin, L. Yazigi, and J. Mooney, Factors associated with stress in mothers of children with autism, Autism, vol.19, issue.1, pp.416-427, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361305056081

M. E. Dunn, T. Burbine, C. A. Bowers, and S. Tantleff-dunn, Moderators of stress in parents of children with autism, Community Mental Health Journal, vol.37, issue.1, pp.39-52, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1026592305436

W. E. Dunn, C. M. Durand, C. Betancur, T. M. Boeckers, J. Bockmann et al., Profil Sensoriel Mesurer l'impact des troubles sensoriels de l'enfant sur sa vie quotidienne Mutations in the gene encoding the synaptic scaffolding protein SHANK3 are associated with autism spectrum disorders Implementation Matters: A Review of Research on the Influence of Implementation on Program Outcomes and the Factors Affecting Implementation, Nature Genetics American Journal of Community Psychology, vol.39, issue.1, pp.25-27, 2007.

E. M. Dykens and W. Lambert, Trajectories of Diurnal Cortisol in Mothers of Children with Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities: Relations to Health and Mental Health, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.70, issue.1, pp.2426-2434, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-013-1791-1

S. Edwards, P. Fletcher, M. Gurman, A. Hughes, and C. Letts, Reynell Developmental Language Scales III (RDLS III) (The University of Reading Edition, 1997.

W. D. Eiserman and . Claudia, Parent and professional roles in early intervention: A longitudinal comparison of the effects of Du bon usage du concept de " deuil de l'enfant idéal " Réflexions sur la pertinence des aides apportées aux parents d'enfant en situation de handicap, Journal of Special Education Reliance, vol.29, issue.2026, pp.4-43, 1995.

C. Estellat and L. R. Lebrun, Revue des méthodes d'évaluation des besoins de santé (No. DHOS-O1) (p. 25) Ministère de la santé et de la protection sociale, 2004.

C. J. Eymard, J. Foucaud, M. Bury, &. C. Balcou-debussche, A. D. Eymard-fave et al., Des modèles de l'éducation et de la santé à l'activité d'éducation thérapeutique Education thérapeutique du patient. Modèles, pratiques et évaluation The factors predicting stress, anxiety and depression in the parents of children with autism Parenthood and the Quality of Experience in Daily Life: A Longitudinal Study, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Social Indicators Research, vol.67, issue.12, pp.39-53, 2004.

M. A. Favero-nunes and I. C. Gomes, L'accueil du couple parental avec un enfant autiste? Le Divan Familial, 2010.
DOI : 10.3917/difa.025.0189

N. Favez, L'examen clinique de la famille, 2010.

. Mardaga and S. B. Fawcett, Social validity: a note on methodology, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, vol.24, issue.2, pp.235-239, 1901.

F. Française-de-psychiatrie, . France, P. C. Fletcher, R. Markoulakis, and P. J. Bryden, Recommandations pour la pratique professionnelle du diagnostic de l The costs of caring for a child with an autism spectrum disorder, Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, vol.35, issue.1, pp.45-69, 2005.

J. Floch, J. Séverac, J. Agard, and J. Séverac, Être parent d'enfant souffrant d'autisme et vieillir, Empan, vol.52, issue.4, 2003.

S. Folstein and M. Rutter, INFANTILE AUTISM: A GENETIC STUDY OF 21 TWIN PAIRS, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.6, issue.2, pp.297-321, 1977.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01537942

E. Fombonne, Epidemiological surveys of autism and other pervasive developmental disorders: an update, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.33, issue.4, pp.365-382, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1025054610557

E. E. Fombonne and C. Du-mazaubrun, Epidemiology of Pervasive Developmental Disorders Prevalence of infantile autism in four French regions, Pediatric Research Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, vol.65, issue.274, pp.591-598, 1992.

E. Fombonne, C. Du-mazaubrun, C. Cans, and H. Grandjean, Autism and associated medical disorders in a French epidemiological survey, Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, issue.11, pp.36-1561, 1997.

J. Foucaud, M. I. Balcou-debussche, J. Foucaud, M. Balcou-debussche, and J. Bury, Former à l'éducation du patient: quelles compétences? Réflexions autour du séminaire de Lille, 11-13 octobre Enseignements et questionnements fondés sur les travaux en éducation thérapeutique du patient Education thérapeutique du patient. Modèles, pratiques et évaluation Education thérapeutique du patient. Modèles, pratiques et évaluation (INPES.) Retrieved from http, pp.377-387, 2006.

C. Eng, Validation of Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorder, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.51, issue.1, 2012.

B. H. Freedman, L. G. Kalb, B. Zablotsky, and E. A. Stuart, Relationship Status Among Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Population-Based Study, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.61, issue.5, pp.539-548, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-011-1269-y

&. Bourdillon and . Grimaldi, Education Thérapeutique, pp.12-21

S. Gallagher and J. Whiteley, Social support is associated with blood pressure responses in parents caring for children with developmental disabilities, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.33, issue.6, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ridd.2012.06.007

H. Gardener, D. Spiegelman, and S. L. Buka, Prenatal risk factors for autism: comprehensive meta-analysis. The British Journal of Psychiatry, The Journal of Mental Science, vol.195, issue.1, pp.7-14, 2009.
DOI : 10.1192/bjp.bp.108.051672

URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3712619

H. Gardener, D. Spiegelman, and S. L. Buka, Perinatal and Neonatal Risk Factors for Autism: A Comprehensive Meta-analysis, PEDIATRICS, vol.128, issue.2, pp.344-355, 2011.
DOI : 10.1542/peds.2010-1036

URL : https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3387855/pdf

C. Gardou, Susciter une révolution culturelle pour ouvrir l'école aux enfants et aux adolescents en situation de handicap, pp.175-191, 2004.

D. Gatzoyia, K. Kotsis, I. Koullourou, P. Goulia, A. F. Carvalho et al., The association of illness perceptions with depressive symptoms and general psychological distress in parents of an offspring with autism spectrum disorder, Disability and Health Journal, vol.7, issue.2, pp.173-180, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.dhjo.2013.10.008

S. S. Gau, M. Chou, H. Chiang, J. Lee, C. Wong et al., Parental adjustment, marital relationship, and family function in families of children with autism, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.6, issue.1, pp.263-270, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.007

M. Ghaziuddin, E. Weidmer-mikhail, and N. Ghaziuddin, Comorbidity of Asperger syndrome: a preliminary report, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.11, issue.4, pp.42-279, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2788.1998.tb01647.x

R. Giallo, C. E. Wood, R. Jellett, and R. Porter, Fatigue, wellbeing and parental self-efficacy in mothers of children with an Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism, vol.29, issue.1, pp.465-480, 2013.
DOI : 10.1037/1082-989X.7.2.147

C. Gillberg, I. C. Gillberg, and S. Steffenburg, SIBLINGS AND PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM: A CONTROLLED POPULATION-BASED STUDY, Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology, vol.29, issue.5, pp.389-398, 1992.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1469-8749.1992.tb11450.x

A. Giordan, . Paris, and M. Godelier, Apprendre! (Belin, 1998.

A. Golay, G. Lagger, A. Giordan, . Paris, V. Goussé et al., Comment motiver le patient à changer? (Maloine Aggregation of social deficits and psychiatric disorders in parents of children with autism: toward a temperamental link? L'Encéphale, pp.119-126, 2010.

D. E. Gray, .. Greenberg, J. S. Seltzer, M. M. Hong, J. Orsmond et al., Accommodation, resistance and transcendence: three narratives of autism Bidirectional effects of expressed emotion and behavior problems and symptoms in adolescents and adults with autism, Social Science & Medicine American Journal of Mental Retardation: AJMR, vol.532292, issue.1114, pp.1247-1257, 2001.

M. Grihom and A. Ducousso-lacaze, Parentalité et homoparentalité : quels enjeux ? Perspectives Psy, pp.292-299, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/ppsy/2009483292

M. Griot, M. Poussin, and A. Galiano, La perception parentale des r??percussions du handicap d'un enfant sur la fratrie, Th??rapie Familiale, vol.31, issue.2, 2010.
DOI : 10.3917/tf.102.0167

N. Guberman, J. Lavoie, J. Pepin, S. Lauzon, and M. Montejo, Formal Service Practitioners' Views of Family Caregivers' Responsibilities and Difficulties, Canadian Journal on Aging / La Revue canadienne du vieillissement, vol.19, issue.01, pp.43-530024, 2006.
DOI : 10.2307/353637

M. Guidetti, C. Tourette, V. Guinchat, P. Thorsen, C. Laurent et al., Pre-, peri-and neonatal risk factors for autism Effectiveness of a psychoeducational intervention for reducing burden in Latin American families of patients with schizophrenia, Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica Quality of Life Research An International Journal of Quality of Life Aspects of Treatment, Care and Rehabilitation, vol.91, issue.165, pp.287-300, 1007.

D. J. Higgins, S. R. Bailey, and J. C. Pearce, Factors associated with functioning style and coping strategies of families with a child with an autism spectrum disorder, Disability Research: JIDR, pp.874-882, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361305051403

C. R. Hill-chapman, T. K. Herzog, and R. S. Maduro, Aligning over the child: Parenting alliance mediates the association of autism spectrum disorder atypicality with parenting stress, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.34, issue.5, pp.1498-1504, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.004

S. E. Hobfoll, Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress., American Psychologist, vol.44, issue.3, 1989.
DOI : 10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

S. E. Hobfoll, The Influence of Culture, Community, and the Nested-Self in the Stress Process: Advancing Conservation of Resources Theory, Applied Psychology, vol.50, issue.3, pp.337-421, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/1464-0597.00062

S. E. Hobfoll, J. Freedy, B. Green, and S. Salomon, Coping in reaction to extreme stress: the role of resources loss and resources availability, 1996.

H. Endler, C. Of, . Wiley, S. E. Hobfoll, and A. Shirom, Conservation of resources theory. Applications of stress and managment in the workplace Group Psychoeducation for Parents of Adolescents with Eating Disorders: The Aachen Program, Eating Disorders, vol.13, issue.4, pp.322-349, 2001.

D. Howell, . De-boeck, R. Huisingh, L. Bowers, C. Logiudice et al., Test of problem solving 3-Elementary test (TOPS 3). LinguiSystems The Effects of a Multimodal Intervention with Attention-deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Children: A 9-Month Follow-up IBM SPSS Statisitics for Windows, Version 20 The relationship between the broader autism Health, Méthodes statistiques en sciences humaines Lack of father involvement in research on children with autism spectrum disorder: maternal parenting stress and family functioning, pp.182-189, 1993.

C. Johnston and E. J. Mash, A Measure of Parenting Satisfaction and Efficacy, Journal of Clinical Child Psychology, vol.8, issue.2, pp.167-175, 1989.
DOI : 10.1207/s15374424jccp1802_8

P. Jonnaert, . Bruxelles, A. E. Kalkbrenner, J. L. Daniels, J. Chen et al., Compétences et socio-constructivisme Perinatal exposure to hazardous air pollutants and autism spectrum disorders at age 8 Grandparents of children with developmental disabilities: Perceptions, beliefs, and involvement in their care, Epidemiology Issues in Comprehensive Pediatric Nursing, vol.21, issue.251, pp.631-641, 2002.

A. S. Kaufman, N. L. Kaufman, . Ecpa, D. J. Kavanagh, P. O-'halloran et al., Batterie pour l'examen psychologique de l'enfant -Deuxième édition The family attitude scale: reliability and validity of a new scale for measuring the emotional climate of families, Psychiatry Research, vol.7097, issue.3, pp.185-195, 1997.

D. Keen, D. Couzens, S. Muspratt, and S. Rodger, The effects of a parent-focused intervention for children with a recent diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder on parenting stress and competence, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.4, issue.2, pp.229-241, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.09.009

D. A. Kenny, D. A. Kashy, W. L. Cook, M. Khayatzadeh-mahani, H. R. Rostami et al., Dyadic Data Analysis Investigation of Quality of Life Determinants Among Mothers of Children with Pervasive Developmental Disorders in Iran, Hong Kong Journal of Occupational Therapy, vol.23, issue.1, pp.14-19, 2006.

M. King and P. S. Bearman, Diagnostic change and the increased prevalence of autism, International Journal of Epidemiology, vol.38, issue.5, pp.1224-1234, 2000.
DOI : 10.1093/ije/dyp261

F. W. Kohler, Examining the Services Received by Young Children with Autism and Their Families: A Survey of Parent Responses. Focus on Autism & Other Developmental Disabilities Ce que tu es, je le suis. Ce que je suis, tu l'es. Quelques réflexions sur l'éducation dans la société hypermoderne, La Lettre de L'enfance et de L'adolescence, pp.53-58, 1999.

M. Korkman, U. Kirk, S. E. Kemp, P. Krakowiak, B. Goodlin-jones et al., Bilan neuropsychologique de l'enfant deuxième édition Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population-based study L'éducation thérapeutique des patients, nouvelles approches de la maladie, Journal of Sleep Research, vol.17, issue.2, pp.197-206, 2003.

M. Lamour and M. Barraco, Souffrances autour du berceau Diagnosis of autism spectrum disorders in the first 3 years of life, Paris: Gaëtan Morin. Landa, R. J, 1998.

C. Laporthe, F. Laumonnier, F. Bonnet-brilhault, M. Gomot, R. Blanc et al., Les aidants familiaux revendiquent un véritable statut Dictionnaire de français X-linked mental retardation and autism are associated with a mutation in the NLGN4 gene, a member of the neuroligin family, Gérontologie et Société, pp.138-147, 2004.

V. Laupies, La guidance parentale??: ses liens avec la psychoth??rapie et la bientraitance, Th??rapie Familiale, vol.25, issue.4, pp.521-529, 2004.
DOI : 10.3917/tf.044.0521

J. Lautrey, Diversité comportementale et développement cognitif, Psychologie Française, vol.29, issue.1, pp.16-21, 1984.

W. Y. Lau, S. S. Gau, Y. Chiu, R. S. Wu-lazarus, and S. Folkman, Autistic Traits in Couple Dyads as a Predictor of Anxiety Spectrum Symptoms, Stress, Appraisal and Coping, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-014-2151-5

J. Mclennan, Autism diagnostic interview: a standardized investigator-based instrument, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.19, issue.3, pp.363-387, 1989.

F. Leduc, E. Jung, and C. Lozac-'h, Former les aidants: comment? pourquoi? pour quoi faire?, pp.4-147, 2013.

G. K. Lee, Parents of Children with High Functioning Autism: How Well Do They Cope and Adjust?, Journal of Developmental and Physical Disabilities, vol.19, issue.1, pp.93-114, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10882-008-9128-2

L. Mcintyre and L. , Adapting Webster-Stratton's incredible years parent training for children with developmental delay: findings from a treatment group only study, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.65, issue.12, pp.1176-1192, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2788.2008.01108.x

M. Legendre, La notion de compétence au coeur des réformes curriculaires : effet de mode ou moteur de changements en profondeur ? Perspectives en éducation et formation, pp.27-50, 2008.

J. Lépine, M. Godchau, and . Brun, ANXIETY AND DEPRESSION IN INPATIENTS, The Lancet, vol.326, issue.8469-8470, pp.1425-1426, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(85)92589-9

A. Leplege, C. Reveillere, E. Ecosse, A. Caria, and H. Riviere, Propriétés psychométriques d'un nouvel instrument d'évaluation de la qualité de vie, le WHOQOL-26, à partir d'une population de malades neuro-musculaires, pp.13-22, 2000.

I. Levy-frank, I. Hasson-ohayon, S. Kravetz, and D. Roe, Family Lainhart Comorbid psychiatric disorders in children with autism: interview development and rates of disorders, J. E. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.36, issue.7, pp.849-61, 2006.

. Limesurvey-project-team and C. Schmitz, LimeSurvey: An Open Source survey tool (LimeSurvey Project Hamburg.). Germany. Retrieved from http Factors associated with caregiving burden and maternal pessimism in mothers of adolescents with an autism spectrum disorder in Taiwan, Occupational Therapy International, vol.18, issue.2, pp.96-105, 2011.

Z. Li and D. Arthur, Family education for people with schizophrenia in Beijing, China: Randomised controlled trial, The British Journal of Psychiatry, vol.187, issue.4, pp.339-345, 2005.
DOI : 10.1192/bjp.187.4.339

G. Llewellyn, Out-of-home Placement of School-age Children with Disabilities and High Support Needs, 2005-102 du 11 février 2005 pour l'égalité des droits et des chances, la participation et la citoyenneté des personnes handicapées, pp.2005-102, 2005.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00189.x

C. Lopata, M. Volker, S. Putnam, M. Thomeer, and R. Nida, Effect of Social Familiarity on Salivary Cortisol and Self-Reports of Social Anxiety and Stress in Children with High Functioning Autism Spectrum Disorders, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.31, issue.3, pp.1866-1877, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-008-0575-5

C. Lord, Follow-Up of Two-Year-Olds Referred for Possible Autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.33, issue.8, pp.1365-1382, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01046106

C. Lord, R. M. Jones, C. Lord, S. Risi, L. Lambrecht et al., Annual research review: re-thinking the classification of autism spectrum disorders The autism diagnostic observation schedule-generic: a standard measure of social and communication deficits associated with the spectrum of autism, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.53, issue.303, pp.490-509, 2000.

C. Lord, M. Rutter, P. Dilavore, and S. Risi, Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised: A revised version of a diagnostic interview for caregivers of individuals with possible pervasive developmental disorders, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.93, issue.5, pp.659-685, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02172145

E. Maccoby, J. Martin, . Wiley, S. B. Machado-junior, M. I. Celestino et al., Socialization in the context of family: Parent-child interaction Handbook of child Psychology. Socialization, Personnality and Social Development Risk and protective factors for symptoms of anxiety and depression in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder, Developmental Neurorehabilitation, vol.4, pp.1-101, 1983.

L. Magliano, A. Fiorillo, C. Malangone, C. De-rosa, and M. Maj, Patient functioning and family burden in a controlled, real-world trial of family psychoeducation for schizophrenia, Psychiatric Services, issue.12, pp.57-1784, 2006.

M. K. Makrygianni and P. Reed, Paediatric and Perinatal Epidemiology Factors Impacting on the Outcomes of Greek Intervention Programmes for Children with Autistic Spectrum Disorders, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, pp.562-568, 2010.

P. Martin, C. Papier, J. Meyer, K. Bailara, and C. Henry, Le handicap en questions: des familles face à la découverte du handicap et à l'accompagnement du jeune enfant à domicile. Bruxelles: Laboratoire d'épidémiologie et de médecine sociale, Psycho-éducation multifamiliale et troubles bipolaires, 1993.

A. Mcaleese, C. Lavery, and K. F. Dyer, Evaluating a Psychoeducational, Therapeutic Group for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Child Care in Practice, pp.162-181, 2014.

L. Mccleary and T. Ridley, Parenting adolescents with ADHD: evaluation of a psychoeducation group, Patient Education and Counseling, vol.38, issue.1, pp.3-10, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0738-3991(98)00110-4

K. Mcclintock, S. Hall, and C. Oliver, Risk markers associated with challenging behaviours in people with intellectual disabilities: a meta-analytic study, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.309, issue.6, pp.47-405, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2788.1999.00183.x

H. Mcconachie, T. Diggle, and W. R. Mcfarlane, Parent implemented early intervention for young children with autism spectrum disorder: A systematic review Multifamily Groups in the Treatment of Severe Psychiatric Disorders Sensitivity and specificity of proposed DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for autism spectrum disorder, Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.13, issue.514, pp.120-129, 2002.

R. L. Mcstay, C. Dissanayake, A. Scheeren, H. M. Koot, and S. Begeer, Parenting stress and autism: The role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism, Autism, vol.39, issue.5, pp.502-510, 2013.
DOI : 10.1097/CHI.0b013e318179964f

R. L. Mcstay, D. Trembath, and C. Dissanayake, Stress and Family Quality of Life in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Parent Gender and the Double ABCX Model, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.22, issue.194???214, pp.10-1007, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-014-2178-7

A. N. Mendenhall, M. A. Fristad, T. J. Early, M. E. Perry-jenkins, L. N. Yatham et al., Factors influencing service utilization and mood symptom severity in children with mood disorders: Effects of multifamily psychoeducation groups (MFPGs) Dyadic parenting and children's externalizing symptoms Perceived quality of life in patients with bipolar disorder. Does group psychoeducation have an impact?, Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology Family Relations Canadian Journal of Psychiatry. Revue Canadienne De Psychiatrie, vol.77, issue.502, pp.463-473, 2005.

G. Michel, D. D. Purper-ouakil, E. L. George, J. A. Richards, T. L. Simoneau et al., Personnalité et développement, 2003.

D. J. Miklowitz, T. L. Simoneau, E. L. George, J. A. Richards, A. Kalbag et al., Family-focused treatment of bipolar disorder: 1-year effects of a psychoeducational program in conjunction with pharmacotherapy, Biological Psychiatry, vol.48, issue.6, pp.48-582, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3223(00)00931-8

W. R. Miller and S. Rollnick, L'entretien motivationnel -2e éd, 2013.

. Paris, Ministère des affaires sociales et de la santé

. Ministère-des-solidarités,-de-la-santé-et-de-la-famille, Ministère de l'éducation nationale, de l'enseignement supérieur et de la recherche

J. Miron, La compétence parentale: une pratique réflexive, Journal of Educational Thought, vol.32, issue.1, pp.21-42, 1998.

W. Mitchell, The role played by grandparents in family support and learning: considerations for mainstream and special schools, Support for Learning, vol.31, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9604.2008.00383.x

D. Moes, R. L. Koegel, L. Schreibman, and L. M. Loos, STRESS PROFILES FOR MOTHERS AND FATHERS OF CHILDREN WITH AUTISM, Psychological Reports, vol.50, issue.3f, pp.1272-1274, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02212196

M. R. Mohammadi, H. Zarafshan, and S. Ghasempour, Broader Autism Phenotype in Iranian Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders vs. Normal Children, Iranian Journal of Psychiatry, vol.7, issue.4, pp.157-163, 2012.

T. A. Moh and I. Magiati, Factors associated with parental stress and satisfaction during the process of diagnosis of children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.6, issue.1, pp.293-303, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2011.05.011

A. Montoya, F. Colom, and M. Ferrin, Is psychoeducation for parents and teachers of children and adolescents with ADHD efficacious? A systematic literature review, European Psychiatry, vol.26, issue.3, pp.166-175, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.eurpsy.2010.10.005

K. Mori, T. Ujiie, A. Smith, and P. S. Howlin, Parental stress associated with caring for children with Asperger???s syndrome or autism, Pediatrics International, vol.13, issue.3, pp.364-370, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1442-200X.2008.02728.x

J. Mulligan, L. Steel, R. Macculloch, and D. Nicholas, Evaluation of an Information Resource for Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder, Autism in visually impaired individuals, pp.39-44, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361309342570

K. W. Murdock, An examination of parental self-efficacy among mothers and fathers., Psychology of Men & Masculinity, vol.14, issue.3, pp.314-323, 2013.
DOI : 10.1037/a0027009

B. J. Myers, V. H. Mackintosh, and R. P. Goin-kochel, ???My greatest joy and my greatest heart ache:??? Parents??? own words on how having a child in the autism spectrum has affected their lives and their families??? lives, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.3, issue.3, pp.670-684, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2009.01.004

J. Nankervis, H. Schofield, H. Herrman, S. Bloch, T. Nasr et al., Home-Based Assessment for Family Carers: A Preventative Strategy to Identify and Meet Service Needs Psychoeducation and the family burden in schizophrenia: a randomized controlled trial, 2<193::AID-GPS580>3.0.CO, pp.193-201, 1186.

N. Nefdt, L. K. Koegel, G. Singer, and M. Gerber, The Use of a Self-Directed Learning Program to Provide Introductory Training in Pivotal Response Treatment to Parents of Children With Autism, Journal of Positive Behavior Interventions, vol.57, issue.4, pp.23-32, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/1098300709334796

S. K. Nelson, K. Kushlev, S. Lyubomirsky, and G. Neyrand, The pains and pleasures of parenting: When, why, and how is parenthood associated with more or less well-being?, Psychological Bulletin, vol.140, issue.3, pp.846-895, 2007.
DOI : 10.1037/a0035444

G. Neyrand, Y a-t-il un adulte dans la famille??? La responsabilisation des parents, La lettre de l'enfance et de l'adolescence, vol.88, issue.1, 2013.
DOI : 10.3917/lett.088.0085

H. Nies, Integrated care: concepts and background. Integrated services for Older People : A Resource Book for Managers Supporting family carers in the UK: overview of issues and challenges, Nolan, M. British Journal of Nursing, vol.10, issue.9, pp.608-613, 2001.

M. Noterdaeme, S. Sitter, K. Mildenberger, and H. Amorosa, Diagnostic assessment of communicative and interactive behaviours in children with autism and receptive language disorder, European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.9, issue.4, pp.295-300, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s007870070033

A. Nydén, B. Hagberg, V. Goussé, and M. Rastam, A cognitive endophenotype of autism in families with multiple incidence, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.5, issue.1, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.03.010

F. Oflaz, S. Hatipo?lu, and H. Aydin, Effectiveness of psychoeducation intervention on post-traumatic stress disorder and coping styles of earthquake survivors, Journal of Clinical Nursing, vol.60, issue.5, pp.677-687, 2003.
DOI : 10.1176/appi.ajp.157.8.1260

. Walsh, Normal family process Organisation mondiale de la santé La situation de la santé mentale, guide des politiques et des services de santé mentale. Organisation mondiale de la santé Classification statistique internationale des maladies et problèmes de santé connexes. Dixième révision. Organisation Mondiale de la Santé, pp.514-548, 2004.

J. B. Shendure, L. Vives, S. Girirajan, and E. Karakoc, Multiplex targeted sequencing identifies recurrently mutated genes in autism spectrum disorders, Science, vol.338, issue.6114, pp.1619-1622, 2012.

E. Orsmond, G. I. Seltzer, M. M. Greenberg, J. S. Krauss, and M. W. , Sporadic autism exomes reveal a highly interconnected protein network of de novo mutations Mother-child relationship quality among adolescents and adults with autism, Nature American Journal of Mental Retardation: AJMR, vol.1111212, issue.73972, pp.485-246, 2006.

L. A. Osborne, L. Mchugh, J. Saunders, and P. Reed, A possible contra-indication for early diagnosis of Autistic Spectrum Conditions: Impact on parenting stress, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.2, issue.4, pp.707-715, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2008.02.005

V. Papageorgiou and E. Kalyva, Self-reported needs and expectations of parents of children with autism spectrum disorders who participate in support groups, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rasd.2010.01.001

D. T. Pelchat and B. L. Baker, Reconstruire la vie: défi et espoir pour les pères et les mères d'un enfant ayant un problème de santé Applications of the expressed emotion construct to young children with externalizing behavior: stability and prediction over time, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, and Allied Disciplines, vol.41, issue.4, pp.457-462, 2000.

P. H. Perrenoud, Construire des compétences dès l'école, 1997.

M. Perron-borelli, N. Peters-scheffer, R. Didden, and H. Korzilius, Echelles différentielles d'efficience intellectuelle -Forme révsée Maternal stress predicted by characteristics of children with autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability, Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, vol.6, issue.2, pp.696-706, 1996.

C. Philip, Autisme et parentalité, 2009.

J. Piacentini, R. L. Bergman, S. Chang, A. Langley, T. Peris et al., Controlled Comparison of Family Cognitive Behavioral Therapy and Psychoeducation/Relaxation Training for Child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, vol.50, issue.11, pp.50-1149, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaac.2011.08.003

H. Piana, C. Fortin, M. Noulhiane, B. Golse, and L. Robel, Intérêt de l'autoquestionnaire FAQ dans le repérage d'un endophénotype chez les parents d'enfants autistes (French) Investigation of the Behavioural Phenotype of Parents of Autistic Children through the New FAQ, Self-Report, issue.3, pp.33-285, 2007.

M. Pillay, B. Alderson-day, B. Wright, C. Williams, and B. Urwin, Autism Spectrum Conditions - Enhancing Nurture and Development (ASCEND): An evaluation of intervention support groups for parents, Clinical Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.10, issue.1, pp.5-20101359104509340945, 1177.
DOI : 10.1177/1359104509340945

D. Pollio, J. Mcclendon, C. North, D. Reid, and M. Jonson-reid, The Promise of School-Based Psychoeducation for Parents of Children with Emotional Disorders, Children & Schools, vol.27, issue.2, pp.111-115, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/cs/27.2.111

C. G. Pottie and K. M. Ingram, Daily stress, coping, and well-being in parents of children with autism: A multilevel modeling approach., Journal of Family Psychology, vol.22, issue.6, pp.855-864, 1993.
DOI : 10.1037/a0013604

P. Pozo and E. Sarriá, Abstract, Spanish Journal of Psychology, vol.8, pp.6-6, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-9536(93)90033-Z

S. I. Pratt, S. Rosenberg, K. T. Mueser, J. Brancato, M. Salyers et al., Evaluation of a PTSD psychoeducational program for psychiatric inpatients, Journal of Mental Health, vol.15, issue.2, pp.121-1271009638230500066356, 1080.
DOI : 10.1080/09638230500066356

J. O. Prochaska and C. C. Diclemente, The transtheorical approach, 1992.

&. M. Norcross, S. Goldfried, and O. Van-den-akker, Handboof of Psychotherapy integration The socio-cultural and biological meaning of parenthood Nvivo qualitative data analysis software, Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology, vol.28, issue.10, pp.79-86, 2007.

P. Racamier, C. Sens, and L. Carretier, La mère et l'enfant dans les psychoses du post-partum. L'Évolution Psychiatrique, 1961.

D. Rai, B. K. Lee, C. Dalman, J. Golding, G. Lewis et al., Parental depression, maternal antidepressant use during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders: population based case-control study Keeping a sound marriage: How couples with children with autism spectrum disorders maintain their marriages, BMJ Journal of Child and Family Studies, vol.346, issue.236, pp.975-988, 2013.

A. For, . Research, J. A. Resch, M. R. Benz, T. R. Elliott et al., Organization Evaluating a dynamic process model of wellbeing for parents of children with disabilities: A multi-method analysis, Life Journey through Autism: A Parent's Guide to Research, pp.61-72, 2012.

A. Ritvo, The UCLA-University of Utah epidemiologic survey of autism: prevalence, 1989.

M. Rivard, A. Terroux, C. Parent-boursier, C. F. Mercier, G. Dunlap et al., Determinants of Stress in Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders Family characteristics, family training and the progress of young children with autism, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders Journal of Early Intervention, vol.15, pp.173-184, 1991.

D. Roberts, N. Pickering, D. L. Robins, D. Fein, M. L. Barton et al., Parent training programme for autism spectrum disorders: an evaluation Community Practitioner: The Journal of the Community Practitioners' & Health Visitors' Association The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers: an initial study investigating the early detection of autism and pervasive developmental disorders, J. A. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.83, issue.102, pp.27-30, 2001.

:. E. Paris, B. Rogé, E. Fombonne, J. Fremolle, and E. Arti, Adaptation française de l'ADOS, 2008.

E. J. Rogers, Has enhanced folate status during pregnancy altered natural selection and possibly Autism prevalence? A closer look at a possible link, Medical Hypotheses, vol.71, issue.3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mehy.2008.04.013

S. O. Roper, D. W. Allred, B. Mandleco, D. Freeborn, T. U. Dyches et al., Caregiver burden and sibling relationships in families raising children with disabilities and typically developing children. Families, Systems & Health: The Journal of Collaborative Family Healthcare Autism and hearing loss, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.29, issue.5, pp.349-357, 1999.
DOI : 10.1037/fsh0000047

N. Ruiz-robledillo and L. Moya-albiol, Self-reported health and cortisol awakening response in parents of people with asperger syndrome: The role of trait anger and anxiety, coping and burden, Psychology & Health, vol.20, issue.1, pp.28-1246, 2013.
DOI : 10.1080/08870446.2013.800517

M. Rutter, L. Andersen-wood, C. Beckett, D. Bredenkamp, J. Castle et al., Quasi-autistic Patterns Following Severe Early Global Privation, Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, vol.40, issue.4, pp.537-549, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1469-7610.00472

S. A. Samadi and R. Mcconkey, The impact on Iranian mothers and fathers who have children with an autism spectrum disorder, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, vol.4, issue.3, pp.243-254, 2014.
DOI : 10.1111/jir.12005

S. A. Samadi, R. Mcconkey, and G. Kelly, Enhancing parental well-being and coping through a family-centred short course for Iranian parents of children with an autism spectrum disorder, Autism, vol.22, issue.7, pp.27-4310, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-009-0844-y

C. Samios, K. I. Pakenham, and K. Sofronoff, Sense making and benefit finding in couples who have a child with Asperger syndrome: An application of the Actor-Partner Interdependence Model, Autism, vol.9, issue.1, pp.275-29210, 1177.
DOI : 10.1207/s15327752jpa4901_13

J. State, M. W. Sandler, A. G. Warren, S. H. Raver, and S. A. , De novo mutations revealed by whole exome sequencing are strongly associated with autism Grandparents as a source of support for parents of children with disabilities: A brief report Essai sur les besoins des enfants et des parents contemporains PEP-3 Profil Psycho- Educatif, 3ème édition, Toward objective classification of childhood autism: Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS). Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, pp.485-237, 1980.

L. Schreibman, L. K. Koegel, T. R. Schultz, C. T. Schmidt, and . Stichter, Training for parents of children with autism: Pivotal responses, generalization, and individualization of interventions In Psychosocial treatments for child and adolescent disorders: Empirically based strategies for clinical practice A review of parent education programs for parents of children with autism spectrum disorders, J. P. Focus on Autism and Other Developmental Disabilities, vol.26, issue.2, pp.96-10410, 2005.

I. S. Schwartz and D. M. Baer, Social validity assessments: is current practice state of the art?, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, vol.24, issue.2, pp.189-204, 1901.
DOI : 10.1901/jaba.1991.24-189

C. Sénéchal and C. Des-rivières-pigeon, The impact of autism on the life of parents, pp.245-260, 2009.

B. B. Shulman, Test d'évaluation des habiletés pragmatiques, 1985.

J. S. Kerns and K. , Assessing Need for Social Support in Parents of Children with Autism and Down Syndrome, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.36, issue.7, pp.921-933, 2006.

A. Siman-tov and S. Kaniel, Stress and Personal Resource as Predictors of the Adjustment of Parents to Autistic Children: A Multivariate Model, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.17, issue.1, pp.879-890, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-010-1112-x

G. E. Simon, E. J. Ludman, J. Unützer, and M. S. Bauer, Education thérapeutique: Prévention et maladies chroniques

G. Singer, Suggestions for a Pragmatic Program of Research on Families and Disability, The Journal of Special Education, vol.36, issue.3, pp.148-154, 2002.
DOI : 10.1177/00224669020360030501

S. M. Skevington, M. O. Connell, and K. A. , The World Health Organization's WHOQOL-BREF quality of life assessment: Psychometric properties and results of the international field trial. A Report from the WHOQOL Group, Quality of Life Research, vol.13, issue.2, pp.299-310, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:QURE.0000018486.91360.00

L. Smeeth, C. Cook, E. Fombonne, L. Heavey, L. C. Rodrigues et al., MMR vaccination and pervasive developmental disorders: a case-control study, The Lancet, vol.364, issue.9438, pp.963-969, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0140-6736(04)17020-7

L. E. Smith, J. S. Greenberg, and M. M. Seltzer, Social Support and Well-being at Mid-Life Among Mothers of Adolescents and Adults with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.25, issue.9, pp.1818-1826, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-011-1420-9

K. Sofronoff and M. Farbotko, The Effectiveness of Parent Management Training to Increase Self-Efficacy in Parents of Children with Asperger Syndrome, Autism, vol.6, issue.3, pp.271-286, 2002.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361302006003005

A. H. Solomon and B. Chung, Understanding Autism: How Family Therapists Can Support Parents of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Family Process, vol.289, issue.1, pp.250-264, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1545-5300.2012.01399.x

R. Soppelsa, J. E. Albaret, S. Sparow, D. Balla, D. A. Cicchetti et al., Batterie d'évaluation du mouvement chez l'enfant- Adaptation française Vineland Adaptive Behavior Scales. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service Accessing Early Behavioral Intervention for Autism: The Development and Testing of a Psychoeducational Website Issues and Theoretical Constructs Regarding Parent Education for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Steever, M. P. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1984.

J. Stern, Parent training Cognitive-behavioral group therapy for specific problems and populations, 2000.

C. L. Tellegen and M. R. Sanders, Stepping Stones Triple P-Positive Parenting Program for children with disability: A systematic review and meta-analysis, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.34, issue.5, pp.1556-1571, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ridd.2013.01.022

B. Terrisse, F. Larose, B. Terrisse, and D. Trudelle, L'échelle des compétences éducatives parentales (ECEP) Les éditions du Ponant Questionnaire d'auto-évaluation de la compétence éducative parentale Adaptation et traduction du Parenting sense of Competence The R Foundation for Statistical Computing, 1988.

I. Théry, Différences des sexes et différences des générations. L'institution familiale et déshérence, Esprit, vol.227, 1996.

E. Thiebaut, J. Adrien, R. Blanc, and C. Barthelemy, The Social Cognitive Evaluation Battery for Children with Autism: A New Tool for the Assessment of Cognitive and Social Development in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders, Autism Research and Treatment, vol.70, issue.5, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02310555

A. Thomas and S. Chess, Temperament and Development, 1977.

/. Brunner, . Mazel, A. Thomas, and S. Chess, The New York Longitudinal Study: from infancy to early adult life, The study of Temperament, pp.39-52, 1986.

A. Thomas, S. Chess, and H. G. Birch, Temperament and Behavior Disorders in Social Abilities in Autistic Children, Journal of Speech Language and Hearing Research, vol.27, issue.3, 1968.

P. Whitaker, Supporting Families of Preschool Children with Autism, Autism, vol.5, issue.1, pp.411-426, 2002.
DOI : 10.1177/1362361302006004007

K. Whittingham, K. Sofronoff, and J. K. Sheffield, Stepping Stones Triple P: A pilot study to evaluate acceptability of the program by parents of a child diagnosed with an Autism Spectrum Disorder, Research in Developmental Disabilities, vol.27, issue.4, pp.364-380, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ridd.2005.05.003

K. Whittingham, K. Sofronoff, J. Sheffield, and M. R. Sanders, Behavioural Family Intervention with parents of children with ASD: What do they find useful in the parenting program Stepping Stones Triple P? Research in Autism Spectrum Disorders, pp.702-713, 2009.

M. Wisessathorn, T. Chanuantong, and E. B. Fisher, The impact of child's severity on quality-of-life among parents of children with autism spectrum disorder: the mediating role of optimism, Journal Of The Medical Association Of Thailand = Chotmaihet Thangphaet, issue.10, pp.96-1313, 2013.

M. M. Wolf, Social validity: the case for subjective measurement or how applied behavior analysis is finding its heart1, Journal of Applied Behavior Analysis, vol.11, issue.2, pp.203-214, 1901.
DOI : 10.1901/jaba.1978.11-203

R. L. Woodgate, C. Ateah, and L. Secco, Living in a World of Our Own: The Experience of Parents Who Have a Child With Autism Skills for health, Qualitative Health Research World Health Organization, vol.18, issue.8, pp.1075-1083, 2003.

H. Yamaguchi, A. Takahashi, A. Takano, T. L. Kojima, W. Miller et al., Direct effects of short-term psychoeducational intervention for relatives of patients with schizophrenia in Japan, GARF assessment sourcebook. Unsins the DSM-IV Global Assessment of Relational Functioning. (Routledge.), pp.590-597, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00797827

N. York, R. Young, and M. Rodi, Redefining Autism Spectrum Disorder Using DSM-5: The Implications of the Proposed DSM-5 Criteria for Autism Spectrum Disorders, Journal of Autism & Developmental Disorders, vol.44, issue.4, pp.758-765, 2014.

T. W. Yu, M. H. Chahrour, M. E. Coulter, S. Jiralerspong, K. Okamura-ikeda et al., Using Whole-Exome Sequencing to Identify Inherited Causes of Autism, Neuron, vol.77, issue.2, pp.259-273, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.neuron.2012.11.002

B. Zablotsky, C. Anderson, and P. Law, The Association Between Child Autism Symptomatology, Maternal Quality of Life, and Risk for Depression (English), J. Autism Dev. Disord, issue.8, pp.43-1946, 2013.

D. A. Zachor and E. Ben-itzchak, The Relationship Between Clinical Presentation and Unusual Sensory Interests in Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Preliminary Investigation, Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, vol.54, issue.6, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10803-013-1867-y

A. S. Zigmond and R. P. Snaith, The Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Acta Psychiatrica Scandinavica, vol.141, issue.6, pp.361-370, 1983.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1983.tb09716.x

L. Zwaigenbaum, Advances in the early detection of autism, Current Opinion in Neurology, vol.23, issue.2, pp.97-102, 2010.
DOI : 10.1097/WCO.0b013e3283372430

C. Derguy, K. M-'bailara, G. Michel, and M. Bouvard, Having a child with autism: what kind of needs and support expectations for parents? 10 th Autism-Europe International, 2013.

C. Derguy, M. Bouvard, S. Laroumédie, and J. Nadel, Exercer l'imitation chez des enfants autistes non-verbaux : effets de partenaires non-humains ?, Congrès annuel de l'Association Nationale des Centres Ressources Autisme (ANCRA), 2010.