G. Attard, T. Winiarski, Y. Rossier, and L. Eisenlohr, Revis??o: Impacto de estruturas subterr??neas no fluxo das ??guas subterr??neas urbanas, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.5, issue.4, pp.5-19, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-015-1317-3

M. H. Barrett, K. M. Hiscock, S. Pedley, D. N. Lerner, J. H. Tellam et al., Marker species for identifying urban groundwater recharge sources: A review and case study in Nottingham, UK, Water Research, vol.33, issue.14, pp.3083-3097, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00021-4

N. Bobylev, Mainstreaming sustainable development into a city's Master plan: A case of Urban Underground Space use, Land Use Policy, vol.26, issue.4, pp.1128-1137, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.landusepol.2009.02.003

G. Chae, S. Yun, B. Choi, S. Yu, H. Jo et al., Hydrochemistry of urban groundwater, Seoul, Korea: The impact of subway tunnels on groundwater quality, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol.101, issue.1-4, pp.42-52, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.07.008

F. Cornaton, Deterministic models of groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective-dispersive systems, 2004.

F. Cornaton and P. Perrochet, Groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective???dispersive systems: 1. Generalized reservoir theory, Advances in Water Resources, vol.29, issue.9, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.009
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5483

F. Cornaton and P. Perrochet, Groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective???dispersive systems; 2. Reservoir theory for sub-drainage basins, Advances in Water Resources, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1292-1305, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.010
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5483

M. Deveughèle, P. Zokimila, and R. Cojean, Impact of an impervious shallow gallery on groundwater flow, Bull. Eng. Geol. Environ, 2010.

H. Diersch, FEFLOW: Finite Element Modeling of Flow, Mass and Heat Transport in Porous and Fractured Media, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-38739-5

M. Eiswirth, L. Wolf, and H. Hötzl, Balancing the contaminant input into urban water resources, Environmental Geology, vol.46, issue.2, pp.246-256, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00254-004-0981-8

J. Epting and P. Huggenberger, Unraveling the heat island effect observed in urban groundwater bodies ??? Definition of a potential natural state, Journal of Hydrology, vol.501, pp.193-204, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.002

D. Etcheverry and P. Perrochet, Direct simulation of groundwater transit-time distributions using the reservoir theory, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.8, issue.2, pp.200-208, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s100400050006

J. Font-capo, E. Pujades, E. Vàzquez-suñé, J. Carrera, V. Velasco et al., Assessment of the barrier effect caused by underground constructions on porous aquifers with low hydraulic gradient: A case study of the metro construction in Barcelona, Spain, Engineering Geology, vol.196, pp.238-250, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enggeo.2015.07.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01181349

S. Foster and H. Garduño, Govern??ncia dos recursos de ??gua subterr??nea: Est??o os governos e os intervenientes a responder ao desafio?, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.21, issue.2, pp.317-320, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-012-0904-9

D. J. Goode, Direct Simulation of Groundwater Age, Water Resources Research, vol.18, issue.5, pp.289-296, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/WR018i005p01365
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.471.9257

A. Herbert, S. Arthur, and G. Chillingworth, Thermal modelling of large scale exploitation of ground source energy in urban aquifers as a resource management tool, Applied Energy, vol.109, pp.94-103, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.005

A. Jurado, R. López-serna, E. Vázquez-suné, J. Carrera, E. Pujades et al., Occurrence of carbamazepine and five metabolites in an urban aquifer, Chemosphere, vol.115, pp.47-53, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2014.01.014

G. A. Kazemi, J. H. Lehr, and P. Perrochet, Groundwater Age, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/0471929514

D. N. Lerner and M. H. Barrett, Urban Groundwater Issues In The United Kingdom, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.4, issue.1, pp.80-89, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/s100400050096

H. Li, X. Li, A. Parriaux, and P. Thalmann, An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism: Deep City Method Part 2 case study for resource supply and project valuation, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.38, pp.569-580, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2013.04.009

H. Li, A. Parriaux, P. Thalmann, and X. Li, An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism: Deep City Method Part 1 concept, process and application, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.38, pp.559-568, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2013.04.010

J. W. Lund, D. H. Freeston, and T. L. Boyd, Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review, Geothermics, vol.40, issue.3, pp.159-180, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.07.004

K. Menberg, P. Bayer, and P. Blum, Elevated temperatures beneath cities: an enhanced geothermal resource, pp.3-7, 2013.

G. Modoni, G. Darini, R. Spacagna, M. Saroli, G. Russo et al., Spatial analysis of land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal, Engineering Geology, vol.167, pp.59-71, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.014

M. Schirmer, S. Leschik, and A. Musolff, Current research in urban hydrogeology ??? A review, Advances in Water Resources, vol.51, pp.280-291, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.06.015

J. R. Shewchuk, Triangle: a two-dimensional quality mesh generator and delaunay triangulator, pp.94720-1776, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/bfb0014497
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.40.9874

M. Taniguchi, J. Shimada, Y. Fukuda, M. Yamano, S. Onodera et al., Anthropogenic effects on the subsurface thermal and groundwater environments in Osaka, pp.3153-3164, 2009.

. Un-habitat, State of the World's Cities, 2008.

E. Vázquez-suñé, X. Sánchez-vila, and J. Carrera, Introductory review of specific factors influencing urban groundwater, an emerging branch of hydrogeology, with reference to Barcelona, Spain, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.areas, issue.3, pp.522-533, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-004-0360-2

K. Zhu, P. Blum, G. Ferguson, K. Balke, and P. Bayer, The geothermal potential of urban heat islands, Environmental Research Letters, vol.5, issue.4, p.44002, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044002

A. Allen, D. Milenic, and P. Sikora, Shallow gravel aquifers and the urban ???heat island??? effect: a source of low enthalpy geothermal energy, Geothermics, vol.32, issue.4-6, pp.569-578, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0375-6505(03)00063-4

F. Ampofo, G. Maidment, and J. Missenden, Underground railway environment in the UK Part 2: Investigation of heat load, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.24, issue.5-6, pp.633-645, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.10.018

G. Attard, Y. Rossier, and L. Eisenlohr, Urban groundwater age modeling under unconfined condition ??? Impact of underground structures on groundwater age: Evidence of a piston effect, Journal of Hydrology, vol.535, pp.652-661, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.034
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369480

G. Attard, Y. Rossier, T. Winiarski, L. Cuvillier, and L. Eisenlohr, Modelagem determin??stica dos impactos cumulativos de estruturas subterr??neas sobre o escoamento de ??gua subterr??nea urbana e a defini????o de uma situa????o potencial do escoamento de ??gua subterr??nea urbana: exemplo de Lyon, Fran??a, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.29, issue.16, pp.1213-1229, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.014

S. A. Benz, P. Bayer, K. Menberg, S. Jung, and P. Blum, Spatial resolution of anthropogenic heat fluxes into urban aquifers, Science of The Total Environment, vol.524, issue.525, pp.427-439, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.003

J. Carpenter and R. Verhage, Lyon City Profile, Cities, vol.38, pp.57-68, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00947998

J. Collin, H. Gudefin, J. Herve, M. Leinhardt, and D. Rousselot, Système aquifère de l'est Lyonnais, Synthèse Des Connaissances. Données hydrogéologiques quantifiées BRGM 73 SGN 199 JAL, 1973.

H. Diersch, FEFLOW: Finite Element Modeling of Flow, Mass and Heat Transport in Porous and Fractured Media Springer Science & Business Media, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-38739-5

M. Eiswirth, L. Wolf, and H. Hötzl, Balancing the contaminant input into urban water resources, Environmental Geology, vol.46, issue.2, pp.246-256, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00254-004-0981-8

J. Epting, F. Händel, and P. Huggenberger, Thermal management of an unconsolidated shallow urban groundwater body, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol.17, issue.5, pp.1851-1869, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-17-1851-2013-supplement
URL : http://doi.org/10.5194/hess-17-1851-2013

J. Epting, P. Huggenberger, and M. Rauber, Integrated methods and scenario development for urban groundwater management and protection during tunnel road construction: a case study of urban hydrogeology in the city of Basel, Switzerland, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.13, issue.3, pp.575-591, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-007-0242-5

G. Ferguson and A. D. Woodbury, Subsurface heat flow in an urban environment, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.35, issue.5, pp.2402-2403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JB002715

O. Franc, Palaeo-environmental reconstruction from the geomorphological context of four archaeological sites on the East-Lyonnais Plain (Rh??ne, France), Quaternaire, vol.16, issue.vol.??16/2, pp.95-105, 2005.
DOI : 10.4000/quaternaire.310

A. García-gil, E. Vázquez-suñe, E. G. Schneider, J. Á. Sánchez-navarro, and J. Mateo-lázaro, The thermal consequences of river-level variations in an urban groundwater body highly affected by groundwater heat pumps, Science of The Total Environment, vol.485, issue.486, pp.575-587, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.123

S. Hähnlein, P. Bayer, G. Ferguson, and P. Blum, Sustainability and policy for the thermal use of shallow geothermal energy, Energy Policy, vol.59, pp.914-925, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.040

Z. Hu, X. Li, X. Zhao, X. Lin, and W. Wei, Numerical analysis of factors affecting the range of heat transfer in earth surrounding three subways, Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, vol.18, issue.1, pp.67-71, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1006-1266(08)60015-2

K. Kim, S. Jeon, J. Kim, and S. Yang, An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, vol.33, issue.3, pp.363-371, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00965-1

L. Russo, S. Gnavi, L. Roccia, E. Taddia, G. Verda et al., Groundwater Heat Pump (GWHP) system modeling and Thermal Affected Zone (TAZ) prediction reliability: Influence of temporal variations in flow discharge and injection temperature, Geothermics, vol.51, pp.103-112, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geothermics.2013.10.008

L. Russo, S. Taddia, G. Verda, and V. , Development of the thermally affected zone (TAZ) around a groundwater heat pump (GWHP) system: A sensitivity analysis, Geothermics, vol.43, pp.66-74, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geothermics.2012.02.001

J. W. Lund, D. H. Freeston, and T. L. Boyd, Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review, Geothermics, vol.40, issue.3, pp.159-180, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.07.004

P. Mandier, Le relief de la moyenne vallée du rhône au tertiaire et au quaternaire, Bull. Lab. R. Géomorphol, pp.27-36, 1984.

K. Menberg, P. Bayer, K. Zosseder, S. Rumohr, and P. Blum, Subsurface urban heat islands in German cities, Science of The Total Environment, vol.442, pp.123-133, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.043

K. Menberg, P. Blum, A. Schaffitel, and P. Bayer, Long-Term Evolution of Anthropogenic Heat Fluxes into a Subsurface Urban Heat Island, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.47, issue.17, pp.9747-9755, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/es401546u

J. Nicolas, V. Petit, P. Thierry, A. Besse, and A. Longet, Connaissance hydrogéologique Du Sous-Sol de l'Agglomération Lyonnaise, 2004.

P. Pouloupatis, G. Florides, and S. Tassou, Measurements of ground temperatures in Cyprus for ground thermal applications, Renewable Energy, vol.36, issue.2, pp.804-814, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2010.07.029

E. Pujades, A. López, J. Carrera, E. Vázquez-suñé, and A. Jurado, Barrier effect of underground structures on aquifers, Engineering Geology, vol.145, issue.146, pp.41-49, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enggeo.2012.07.004

A. Revesz, I. Chaer, J. Thompson, M. Mavroulidou, M. Gunn et al., Ground source heat pumps and their interactions with underground railway tunnels in an urban environment: A review, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.93, pp.147-154, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2015.09.011

A. Sciacovelli, E. Guelpa, and V. Verda, Multi-scale modeling of the environmental impact and energy performance of open-loop groundwater heat pumps in urban areas, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.71, issue.2, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2013.11.028

J. R. Shewchuk, Triangle: Engineering a 2D quality mesh generator and Delaunay triangulator. Applied computational geometry towards geometric engineering, pp.203-222, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/bfb0014497
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.40.9874

M. Taniguchi, J. Shimada, Y. Fukuda, M. Yamano, S. Onodera et al., Anthropogenic effects on the subsurface thermal and groundwater environments in Osaka, pp.3153-3164, 2009.

. Un-habitat, State of the World's Cities, 2008.

E. Youngs, An examination of computed steady-state water-table heights in unconfined aquifers: Dupuit-Forchheimer estimates and exact analytical results, Journal of Hydrology, vol.119, issue.1-4, pp.201-214, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1694(90)90043-W

K. Zhu, P. Blum, G. Ferguson, K. Balke, and P. Bayer, The geothermal potential of urban heat islands, Environ. Res. Lett. Science of the Total Environment, vol.572, pp.986-994, 2010.

M. Alcaraz, A. García-gil, E. Vázquez-suñé, and V. Velasco, Advection and dispersion heat transport mechanisms in the quantification of shallow geothermal resources and associated environmental impacts, Science of The Total Environment, vol.543, pp.536-546, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.11.022

G. Attard, Y. Rossier, T. Winiarski, and L. Eisenlohr, Deterministic modeling of the impact of underground structures on urban groundwater temperature, Science of The Total Environment, vol.572, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.07.229

M. Blesl, U. Fahl, and A. Voss, Strategien und thechnologien einer pluralistischen fern-und nahwrmeversorgung in einem liberalisierten energiemarkt unter besonderer bercksichtigung der kraft-wrme-kopplung und regenerativer energien, 2011.

V. Boreux, J. Born, and M. Lawes, Sharing Ecological Knowledge: Opportunities and Barriers to Uptake, Biotropica, vol.31, issue.5, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00574.x

G. T. Chae, S. T. Yun, B. Y. Choi, S. Y. Yu, H. Y. Jo et al., Hydrochemistry of urban groundwater, Seoul, Korea: The impact of subway tunnels on groundwater quality, Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, vol.101, issue.1-4, pp.42-52, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jconhyd.2008.07.008

F. Cornaton, Deterministic models of groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective-dispersive systems, 2004.

F. Cornaton and P. Perrochet, Groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective???dispersive systems: 1. Generalized reservoir theory, Advances in Water Resources, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1267-1291, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.009
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5483

M. Deveughèle, P. Zokimila, and R. Cojean, Impact of an impervious shallow gallery on groundwater flow, 2010.

M. R. Doyle, From hydro/geology to the streetscape: Evaluating urban underground resource potential. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.83-95, 2016.

M. Eiswirth, L. Wolf, and H. Hötzl, Balancing the contaminant input into urban water resources, Environmental Geology, vol.46, issue.2, pp.246-256, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00254-004-0981-8

G. Ferguson and A. D. Woodbury, Subsurface heat flow in an urban environment, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.35, issue.5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JB002715

G. Florides and S. Kalogirou, Ground heat exchangers?A review of systems, models and applications. Renewable energy, pp.2461-2478, 2007.

S. Foster, J. Chilton, G. Nijsten, and A. Richts, Groundwater -a global focus on the 'local resource'. Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, pp.685-695, 2013.

S. Foster and H. Garduno, Govern??ncia dos recursos de ??gua subterr??nea: Est??o os governos e os intervenientes a responder ao desafio?, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.21, issue.2, pp.317-320, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-012-0904-9

A. García-gil, E. Vázquez-suñe, M. M. Alcaraz, A. S. Juan, J. Á. Sánchez-navarro et al., GIS-supported mapping of low-temperature geothermal potential taking groundwater flow into account, Renewable Energy, vol.77, pp.268-278, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2014.11.096

R. Goel, B. Singh, and J. Zhao, Chapter 1 -Introduction, Underground Infrastructures, 2012.

Z. H. Hu, X. Z. Li, X. B. Zhao, X. I. Lin, and W. U. Wei, Numerical analysis of factors affecting the range of heat transfer in earth surrounding three subways, Journal of China University of Mining and Technology, vol.18, issue.1, pp.67-71, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S1006-1266(08)60015-2

D. Lerner and M. Barrett, Urban Groundwater Issues In The United Kingdom, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.4, issue.1, pp.80-89, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/s100400050096

D. N. Lerner, Identifying and quantifying urban recharge: a review, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.10, issue.1, pp.143-152, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-001-0177-1

H. Li, A. Parriaux, P. Thalmann, and X. Li, An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism: Deep City Method Part 1 concept, process and application. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.559-568, 2013.

H. Li, A. Parriaux, P. Thalmann, and X. Li, An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism: Deep City Method Part 2 case study for resource supply and project valuation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.569-580, 2013.

X. Li, C. Li, A. Parriaux, W. Wu, H. Li et al., Multiple resources and their sustainable development in Urban Underground Space. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.59-66, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2016.02.003

P. Maire, Etude multidisciplinaire d'un développement durable du sous-sol urbain. Aspects socioéconomiques , juridiques et de politique urbaine (Multidisciplinary study of sustainable development of the urban underground. Socio-economic, legal and urban policy), 2011.

P. Marinos and M. Kavvadas, Rise of the groundwater table when flow is obstructed by shallow tunnels, 1997.

B. Nas and A. Berktay, Groundwater quality mapping in urban groundwater using GIS. Environmental monitoring and assessment, pp.1-4, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-008-0689-4

A. Parriaux and P. Turberg, Les géotypes pour une représentation géologique du territoire, Tracés, pp.15-16, 2007.

E. Pujades, A. López, J. Carrera, E. Vázquez-suñé, and A. Jurado, Barrier effect of underground structures on aquifers. Engineering geology, pp.41-49, 2012.

M. Rutsch, J. Rieckermann, J. Cullmann, J. Ellis, J. Vollertsen et al., Towards a better understanding of sewer exfiltration, Water Research, vol.42, issue.10-11, pp.2385-2394, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.019

M. Santamouris, Cooling the buildings ??? past, present and future, Energy and Buildings, vol.128, pp.617-638, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.07.034

K. Schiel, O. Baume, G. Caruso, and U. Leopold, GIS-based modelling of shallow geothermal energy potential for CO 2 emission mitigation in urban areas, Renewable Energy, vol.86, pp.1023-1036, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.renene.2015.09.017

M. Schirmer, S. Leschik, and A. Musolff, Current research in urban hydrogeology ??? A review, Advances in Water Resources, vol.51, pp.280-291, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.06.015

M. Taniguchi, J. Shimada, Y. Fukuda, M. Yamano, S. Onodera et al., Anthropogenic effects on the subsurface thermal and groundwater environments in Osaka, Japan and Bangkok, Thailand. Science of the total environment, pp.3153-3164, 2009.

. Un-habitat, State of the World's Cities, 2008.

J. Vrba and A. Zaporozec, Guidebook on mapping groundwater vulnerability Heise, 1994.

C. Yoo, Y. Lee, S. Kim, and H. Kim, Tunnelling-induced ground settlements in a groundwater drawdown environment ??? A case history, Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, vol.29, pp.69-77, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2012.01.002

K. Zhu, P. Blum, G. Ferguson, K. Balke, and P. Bayer, The geothermal potential of urban heat islands, Environmental Research Letters, vol.5, issue.4, p.44002, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044002

H. Admiraal and A. Et-cornaro, Why underground space should be included in urban planning policy?and how this will enhance an urban underground future. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.214-220, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.013

A. Allen, D. Milenic, and P. Et-sikora, Shallow gravel aquifers and the urban ???heat island??? effect: a source of low enthalpy geothermal energy, Geothermics, vol.32, issue.4-6, pp.569-578, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0375-6505(03)00063-4

F. Ampofo, G. Maidment, and J. Et-missenden, Underground railway environment in the UK Part 2: Investigation of heat load, Applied Thermal Engineering, vol.24, issue.5-6, pp.633-645, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.applthermaleng.2003.10.018

G. Attard, Y. Rossier, and L. Et-eisenlohr, Urban groundwater age modeling under unconfined condition ??? Impact of underground structures on groundwater age: Evidence of a piston effect, Journal of Hydrology, vol.535, pp.652-661, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2016.02.034
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01369480

G. Attard, Y. Rossier, T. Winiarski, L. Cuvillier, and L. Et-eisenlohr, Modelagem determin??stica dos impactos cumulativos de estruturas subterr??neas sobre o escoamento de ??gua subterr??nea urbana e a defini????o de uma situa????o potencial do escoamento de ??gua subterr??nea urbana: exemplo de Lyon, Fran??a, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.29, issue.16, pp.1213-1229, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enggeo.2013.10.014

G. Attard, T. Winiarski, Y. Rossier, and L. Et-eisenlohr, Urban Underground Space Management: An Approach by Indicators for Groundwater Protection, In Engineering Geology for Society and Territory, vol.3, pp.405-408, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-319-09054-2_84

G. Attard, T. Winiarski, Y. Rossier, and L. Et-eisenlohr, Revis??o: Impacto de estruturas subterr??neas no fluxo das ??guas subterr??neas urbanas, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.5, issue.4, pp.5-19, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-015-1317-3

A. Barat and Y. Gouisset, Étude hydrogéologique de la molasse Miocène. Bresse- Dombes-bas-Dauphiné -Synthèse finale, 1988.

M. H. Barrett, K. M. Hiscock, S. Pedley, D. N. Lerner, J. H. Tellam et al., Marker species for identifying urban groundwater recharge sources: A review and case study in Nottingham, UK, Water Research, vol.33, issue.14, pp.333083-3097, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0043-1354(99)00021-4

S. Bartel and G. Et-janssen, Underground spatial planning?perspectives and current research in germany. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.112-117, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2015.11.023

S. A. Benz, P. Bayer, K. Menberg, S. Jung, and P. Et-blum, Spatial resolution of anthropogenic heat fluxes into urban aquifers, Science of The Total Environment, vol.524, issue.525, pp.427-439, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.003

G. Bergeron, H. Dehays, and T. Et-pointet, Remontées des nappes d'eau souterraine : causes et effets, 1983.

J. Besner, Underground space needs an interdisciplinary approach. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.224-228, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2015.10.025

Z. Bo, O. Shaojie, Z. Jianhua, S. Hui, W. Geng et al., An analysis of previous blackouts in the world: Lessons for China??s power industry, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, vol.42, pp.1151-1163, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rser.2014.10.069

B. Bolin and H. Et-rodhe, A note on the concepts of age distribution and transit time in natural reservoirs, Tellus, vol.25, issue.1, pp.58-62, 1973.

T. Bonomi and R. Et-bellini, The tunnel impact on the groundwater level in an urban area : a modelling approach to forecast it, Materials and Geoenvironment, vol.50, pp.45-48, 2003.

V. Boreux, J. Born, and M. J. Et-lawes, Sharing Ecological Knowledge: Opportunities and Barriers to Uptake, Biotropica, vol.31, issue.5, pp.41532-534, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1744-7429.2009.00574.x

M. A. Boukhemacha, C. R. Gogu, I. Serpescu, D. Gaitanaru, and I. Et-bica, Abordare hidrogeologic?? conceptual?? pentru studiul curgerii apelor subterane urbane ??n ora??ul Bucure??ti, Rom??nia, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.7, issue.2, pp.437-450, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-014-1220-3

A. Brenot, J. Nicolas, M. Chrétien, B. Dewandel, N. Courtois et al., Acquisition de connaissances sur la nappe de la molasse du territoire du SAGE de l'Est lyonnais, 2009.

P. Brochet and N. Et-gerbier, L'évapotranspiration : aspect agrométéorologique, évaluation pratique de l'évapotranspiration potentielle, 1974.

C. Butscher, Steady-state groundwater inflow into a circular tunnel. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.158-167, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2012.06.007

M. Campy, J. Macaire, and C. Et-grosbois, Géologie de la surface : érosion, transfert et stockage dans les environnements continentaux, 2003.

J. Carpenter and R. Et-verhage, Lyon City Profile, Cities, vol.38, pp.57-68, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2013.12.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00947998

H. R. Cedergren, Seepage, drainage, and flow nets, 1997.

R. Chartier, A. Desplan, and D. Et-bezelgues-courtade, Surveillance des installations géothermiques sur aquifères dans l'aglomération lyonnaise (69) -Rapport final, 2009.

J. Collin, H. Gudefin, J. Herve, M. Leinhardt, and D. Et-rousselot, Système aquifère de l'est lyonnais, 1973.

F. Cornaton, Deterministic models of groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective-dispersive systems, Thèse de doctorat, 2004.

F. Cornaton and P. Et-perrochet, Groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective???dispersive systems: 1. Generalized reservoir theory, Advances in Water Resources, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1267-1291, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.009
URL : http://arxiv.org/abs/1108.5483

F. Cornaton and P. Et-perrochet, Groundwater age, life expectancy and transit time distributions in advective???dispersive systems; 2. Reservoir theory for sub-drainage basins, Advances in Water Resources, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1292-1305, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2005.10.010

S. Coutterand, Etude géomorphologique des flux glaciaires dans les Alpes nordoccidentales au Pléistocène récent : du maximum de la dernière glaciation aux premières étapes de la déglaciation, Thèse de doctorat, 2010.

P. Crochet and J. Et-bligny, Etude des potentialités thermiques de la nappe de l'agglomération lyonnaise, 1990.

A. Dassargues, Groundwater modelling to predict the impact of a tunnel on the behaviour of a water table aquifer in urban conditions, Groundwater in the Urban Environment : Problems, Processes and Management, Proc. of XXVII IAH Congress, pp.225-230, 1997.

G. De-marsily, Hydrogéologie quantitative, 1981.

M. Deveughèle, R. Cojean, and J. Et-marvy, Intérêt et difficultés de l'étude des nappes phréatiques en milieu urbain (exemple de la nappe alluviale de paris), p.28, 1983.

M. Deveughèle, P. Zokimila, and R. Et-cojean, Impact of an impervious shallow gallery on groundwater flow, Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment, vol.69, issue.1, pp.143-152, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10064-009-0226-x

H. Diersch, FEFLOW : finite element modeling of flow, mass and heat transport in porous and fractured media, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-38739-5

M. R. Doyle, From hydro/geology to the streetscape : Evaluating urban underground resource potential. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.83-95, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.021

M. R. Doyle, P. Thalmann, and A. Et-parriaux, Underground Potential for Urban Sustainability: Mapping Resources and Their Interactions with the Deep City Method, Sustainability, vol.17, issue.9, p.830, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2016.01.021

R. Ducommun, Estimation et cartographie de la vulnérabilité des eaux souterraines en milieu urbain, Thèse de doctorat, 2010.

P. Durst, F. Garnier, M. Parmentier, D. Bezelgues-courtade, I. Ignatiadis et al., ImPAC Lyon : Évaluation de l'impact environnemental du aux modifications thermiques induites par les PAC sur les aquifères superficiels -Année 2, 2012.

K. Duscher, A. Günther, A. Richts, P. Clos, U. Philipp et al., The gis layers of the â??international hydrogeological map of europe 1 : 1,500,000â?? in a vector format, Hydrogeology Journal, issue.8, pp.231867-1875, 2015.

M. Eiswirth, L. Wolf, and H. Et-hötzl, Balancing the contaminant input into urban water resources, Environmental Geology, vol.46, issue.2, pp.246-256, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00254-004-0981-8

E. Tani and M. , Circular tunnel in a semi-infinite aquifer. Tunnelling and underground space technology, pp.49-55, 2003.

J. Epting, F. Händel, and P. Et-huggenberger, Thermal management of an unconsolidated shallow urban groundwater body, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, vol.17, issue.5, pp.1851-1869, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-17-1851-2013-supplement

J. Epting and P. Et-huggenberger, Unraveling the heat island effect observed in urban groundwater bodies ??? Definition of a potential natural state, Journal of Hydrology, vol.501, pp.193-204, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2013.08.002

J. Epting, P. Huggenberger, and M. Et-rauber, Integrated methods and scenario development for urban groundwater management and protection during tunnel road construction: a case study of urban hydrogeology in the city of Basel, Switzerland, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.13, issue.3, pp.575-591, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-007-0242-5

E. Eriksson, Compartment Models and Reservoir Theory, Annual Review of Ecology and Systematics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.67-84, 1971.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.es.02.110171.000435

D. Etcheverry, Une approche déterministe des distributions des temps de transit de l'eau souterraine par la théorie des réservoirs, Thèse de doctorat, 2001.

D. Etcheverry and P. Et-perrochet, Direct simulation of groundwater transit-time distributions using the reservoir theory, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.8, issue.2, pp.200-208, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s100400050006

G. Ferguson and A. D. Woodbury, Subsurface heat flow in an urban environment, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.35, issue.5, pp.2402-2403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JB002715

G. Bibliographie-florides and S. Et-kalogirou, Ground heat exchangers -a review of systems, models and applications. Renewable energy, pp.2461-2478, 2007.

J. Font-capó, E. Vázquez-suñé, J. Carrera, D. Martí, R. Carbonell et al., Groundwater inflow prediction in urban tunneling with a tunnel boring machine (tbm) Engineering Geology, pp.46-54, 2011.

S. Foster, J. Chilton, G. Nijsten, and A. Et-richts, Groundwater???a global focus on the ???local resource???, Current Opinion in Environmental Sustainability, vol.5, issue.6, pp.685-695, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cosust.2013.10.010

S. Foster and J. Et-gun, Governan??a das Aguas Subterr??neas: principais desafios na aplica????o de um Arcabou??o Global para A????o, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.23, issue.4, pp.1-4, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-016-1376-0

O. Franc, Palaeo-environmental reconstruction from the geomorphological context of four archaeological sites on the East-Lyonnais Plain (Rh??ne, France), Quaternaire, issue.vol.??16/2, 2005.
DOI : 10.4000/quaternaire.310

. Quaternaire, Revue de l'Association française pour l'étude du Quaternaire, pp.95-105

R. Gable, J. Foucher, A. Menjoz, J. Philip, and G. Et-roignot, Mesures, analyse et interprétation de profils thermiques -Application à la détermination des températures in-situ, 1982.

A. García-gil, E. Vázquez-suñe, E. G. Schneider, J. Á. Sánchez-navarro, and J. Et-mateo-lázaro, The thermal consequences of river-level variations in an urban groundwater body highly affected by groundwater heat pumps, Science of The Total Environment, vol.485, issue.486, pp.575-587, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.123

R. K. Goel, B. Singh, and J. Et-zhao, Underground infrastructures : planning, design, and construction, 2012.

D. J. Goode, Direct Simulation of Groundwater Age, Water Resources Research, vol.18, issue.5, pp.289-296, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/WR018i005p01365

H. Gudefin, Ligne Bellecour Guillotière, Esquisse du profil géologique, 1971.

H. Gudefin and D. Et-rousselot, Synthèse des études géologiques et hydrogéologiques du BRGM en vue de la création d'un réseau métropolitain dans l'agglomération lyonnaise, 1974.

S. Hähnlein, P. Bayer, G. Ferguson, and P. Et-blum, Sustainability and policy for the thermal use of shallow geothermal energy, Energy Policy, vol.59, pp.914-925, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2013.04.040

N. Hanasaki, S. Kanae, T. Oki, K. Masuda, K. Motoya et al., An integrated model for the assessment of global water resources ??? Part 1: Model description and input meteorological forcing, Hydrology and Earth System Sciences, pp.1007-1025, 2008.
DOI : 10.5194/hess-12-1007-2008

L. He, Y. Song, S. Dai, and K. Et-durbak, Quantitative research on the capacity of urban underground space?the case of shanghai, china. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.168-179, 2012.

A. Herbert, S. Arthur, and G. Et-chillingworth, Thermal modelling of large scale exploitation of ground source energy in urban aquifers as a resource management tool, Applied Energy, vol.109, pp.94-103, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.apenergy.2013.03.005

J. J. Jiao, X. Wang, and S. Et-nandy, Preliminary assessment of the impacts of deep foundations and land reclamation on groundwater flow in a coastal area in Hong Kong, China, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.44, issue.1-2, pp.100-114, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-004-0393-6

C. Karpf and P. Et-krebs, Sewers as drainage systems-quantification of groundwater infiltration. NOVATECH 2004 'Sustainable Techniques and Strategies in Urban Water Management, pp.969-975, 2004.

C. Karpf and P. Et-krebs, Quantification of groundwater infiltration and surface water inflows in urban sewer networks based on a multiple model approach, Water Research, vol.45, issue.10, pp.453129-3136, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.022

G. A. Kazemi, J. H. Lehr, and P. Et-perrochet, Groundwater age, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/0471929514

K. Kim, S. Jeon, J. Kim, and S. Et-yang, An experimental study on thermal conductivity of concrete, Cement and Concrete Research, vol.33, issue.3, pp.363-371, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-8846(02)00965-1

L. Kiraly, L'influence de l'hétérogénéité et de l'anisotropie de la perméabilité sur les systèmes d'écoulement. Bulletin der Vereinigung schweiz. Petroleum-Geologen und- Ingenieure, pp.3750-57, 1970.

L. Kiraly, Introduction à l'utilisation des modèles en hydrogéologie -Bases théoriques à l'intention des hydrogéologues, 1997.

D. Krige, A statistical approach to some basic mine valuation problems on the witwatersand, Journal of the Chemical, vol.52, issue.6, pp.119-139, 1951.

K. Larson, H. Ba?a?gao?gluba?a?-ba?a?gaoba?a?gao?-ba?a?gao?glu, and M. Et-mariño, Prediction of optimal safe ground water yield and land subsidence in the Los Banos-Kettleman City area, California, using a calibrated numerical simulation model, Journal of Hydrology, vol.242, issue.1-2, pp.79-102, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-1694(00)00379-6

A. Lawrence, D. Gooddy, P. Kanatharana, W. Meesilp, and V. Et-ramnarong, Groundwater evolution beneath hat yai, a rapidly developing city in thailand, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.8, issue.5, pp.564-575, 2000.

D. Lerner, Urban groundwater?an asset for the sustainable city ?, European Water Pollution Control, vol.5, issue.6, pp.43-51, 1996.

D. N. Lerner, Identifying and quantifying urban recharge: a review, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.10, issue.1, pp.143-152, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-001-0177-1

D. N. Lerner and M. H. Barrett, Urban Groundwater Issues In The United Kingdom, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.4, issue.1, pp.80-89, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/s100400050096

H. Li, X. Li, A. Parriaux, and P. Et-thalmann, An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism : Deep city method part 2 case study for resource supply and project valuation. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.569-580, 2013.

H. Li, A. Parriaux, P. Thalmann, and X. Li, An integrated planning concept for the emerging underground urbanism : Deep city method part 1 concept, process and application. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.559-568, 2013.

X. Li, C. Li, A. Parriaux, W. Wu, H. Li et al., Multiple resources and their sustainable development in urban underground space. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.59-66, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tust.2016.02.003

J. W. Lund, D. H. Freeston, and T. L. Boyd, Direct utilization of geothermal energy 2010 worldwide review, Geothermics, vol.40, issue.3, pp.159-180, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.geothermics.2011.07.004

M. T. Madigan, J. M. Martinko, and J. Parker, Brock biology of microorganisms, 1997.

P. Maire, Étude multidisciplinaire d'un développement durable du sous-sol urbain, Thèse de doctorat, 2011.

P. Maloszewski and A. Et-zuber, Determining the turnover time of groundwater systems with the aid of environmental tracers, Journal of Hydrology, vol.57, issue.3-4, pp.3-4207, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1694(82)90147-0

P. Maloszewski and A. Et-zuber, Influence of Matrix Diffusion and Exchange Reactions on Radiocarbon Ages in Fissured Carbonate Aquifers, Water Resources Research, vol.2, issue.6, pp.1937-1945, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90108-4

P. Mandier, Le relief de la moyenne vallée du rhône au tertiaire et au quaternaire Bulletin du laboratoire rhodanien de géomorphologie, pp.15-1627, 1984.

P. Marinos and M. J. Et-kavvadas, Rise of the groundwater table when flow is obstructed by shallow tunnels. Groundwater in the urban environment : problems, processes and management, pp.49-54, 1997.

M. Martelat, Conditions d'exploitation de la nappe et du drain CNR sur le secteur de Gerland-Saint-Fons (69), 1990.

K. Menberg, P. Bayer, K. Zosseder, S. Rumohr, and P. Et-blum, Subsurface urban heat islands in German cities, Science of The Total Environment, vol.442, pp.123-133, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2012.10.043

K. Menberg, P. Blum, A. Schaffitel, and P. Et-bayer, Long-Term Evolution of Anthropogenic Heat Fluxes into a Subsurface Urban Heat Island, Environmental Science & Technology, vol.47, issue.17, pp.479747-9755, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/es401546u

N. P. Merrick and C. M. Jewell, Modelling of the groundwater impact of a sunken urban motorway in sydney, australia, Materials and Geoenvironment, vol.50, pp.229-232, 2003.

. Métropole-de-lyon, Données métropolitaines du grand lyon, grandlyon.com, 2013.

G. Modoni, G. Darini, R. Spacagna, M. Saroli, G. Russo et al., Spatial analysis of land subsidence induced by groundwater withdrawal. Engineering geology, pp.59-71, 2013.

N. Mongereau, Géologie du Grand Lyon, 2010.

B. L. Morris, A. R. Lawrence, P. Chilton, B. Adams, R. C. Calow et al., Groundwater and its susceptibility to degradation : a global assessment of the problem and options for management, 2003.

B. Nas and A. Et-berktay, Groundwater quality mapping in urban groundwater using GIS, Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, vol.31, issue.4, pp.1-4215, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s10661-008-0689-4

J. Nicolas, V. Petit, P. Thierry, A. Besse, and A. Longet, Connaissance hydrogéologique du sous-sol de l'agglomération lyonnaise, 2004.

A. Parriaux, P. Blunier, P. Maire, G. Dekkil, and L. Et-tacher, Rapport de recherche pnr 54 projet deep city ressources du sous-sol et développement durable des espaces urbains, 2010.

A. Parriaux and P. Et-turberg, Les géotypes, pour une représentation géologique du territoire, TracÃ?s, vol.133, pp.11-17, 2007.

R. Pitt, S. Clark, and R. Et-field, Groundwater contamination potential from stormwater infiltration practices, Urban Water, vol.1, issue.3, pp.217-236, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1462-0758(99)00014-X

P. Bibliographie-pouloupatis, G. Florides, and S. Et-tassou, Measurements of ground temperatures in cyprus for ground thermal applications. Renewable energy, pp.804-814, 2011.

J. P. Powers, Construction dewatering : a guide to theory and practice, p.484, 1981.

E. Pujades, Interaction between groundwater and underground constructions, Thèse de doctorat, 2013.

E. Pujades, A. López, J. Carrera, E. Vázquez-suñé, and A. Et-jurado, Barrier effect of underground structures on aquifers. Engineering geology, pp.41-49, 2012.

G. Ricci, R. Enrione, and A. Eusebio, Numerical modelling of the interference between underground structures and aquifers in urban environment. the turin subway line 1. Underground Space, pp.1323-1329, 2007.

D. Rousselot and D. Et-beguin, Etude hydrodynamique du couloir fluvio-glaciaire de Décines (69), 1975.

M. Rutsch, J. Rieckermann, J. Cullmann, J. B. Ellis, J. Vollertsen et al., Towards a better understanding of sewer exfiltration, Water Research, vol.42, issue.10-11, pp.422385-2394, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.watres.2008.01.019

M. Santamouris, Cooling the buildings ??? past, present and future, Energy and Buildings, vol.128, pp.617-638, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enbuild.2016.07.034

J. Sauty, Identification des param??tres du transport hydrodispersif dans les aquif??res par interpr??tation de tra??ages en ??coulement cylindrique convergent ou divergent, Journal of Hydrology, vol.39, issue.1-2, pp.69-103, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1694(78)90115-4

M. Schirmer, S. Leschik, and A. Et-musolff, Current research in urban hydrogeology ??? A review, Advances in Water Resources, vol.51, pp.280-291, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.advwatres.2012.06.015

J. R. Shewchuk, Triangle : A two-dimensional quality mesh generator and delaunay triangulator, pp.94720-1776, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/bfb0014497
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.40.9874

E. Sudicky and E. Et-frind, Carbon 14 dating of groundwater in confined aquifers: Implications of aquitard diffusion, Water Resources Research, vol.11, issue.2, pp.1060-1064, 1981.
DOI : 10.1029/WR011i002p00324

M. Taniguchi, J. Shimada, Y. Fukuda, M. Yamano, S. Onodera et al., Anthropogenic effects on the subsurface thermal and groundwater environments in Osaka, Japan and Bangkok, Thailand, Science of The Total Environment, vol.407, issue.9, pp.4073153-3164, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.06.064

J. Toth, A theoretical analysis of groundwater flow in small drainage basins, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.42, issue.2, pp.4795-4812, 1963.
DOI : 10.1029/JZ068i016p04795

. Un-habitat, State of the World's Cities, 2008.

E. Vazquez-sune and X. Et-sánchez-vila, Groundwater modelling in urban areas as a tool for local authority management : Barcelona case study (spain), IAHS PUBLICATION, pp.65-72, 1999.

E. Vázquez-suñé, X. Sánchez-vila, and J. Et-carrera, Introductory review of specific factors influencing urban groundwater, an emerging branch of hydrogeology, with reference to Barcelona, Spain, Hydrogeology Journal, vol.areas, issue.3, pp.522-533, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10040-004-0360-2

J. Vrba and A. Et-zaporozec, Guidebook on mapping groundwater vulnerability Heise, 1994.

Y. Wada, L. P. Van-beek, C. M. Van-kempen, J. W. Reckman, S. Vasak et al., Global depletion of groundwater resources, Geophysical research letters, p.37, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2010GL044571
URL : http://dspace.library.uu.nl:8080/handle/1874/209122

I. Wong, Methods of resisting hydrostatic uplift in substructures. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology, pp.77-86, 2001.

C. Yoo, J. Kim, and H. Jung, Lessons learned from case histories of tunnellinginduced groundwater drawdown and associated settlement, Proc. World Tunnelling Congress, pp.12-16, 2009.

A. Yoshikoshi, I. Adachi, T. Taniguchi, Y. Kagawa, M. Kato et al., Hydro-environmental changes and their influence on the subsurface environment in the context of urban development, Science of The Total Environment, vol.407, issue.9, pp.4073105-3111, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2008.11.030

A. Zaporozec and T. Et-eaton, Groundwater resource inventory in urbanized areas : hydrology and hydrogeology of urban and urbanizing areas, Proceedings of the AIH annual meeting, 1996.

C. Zhang, Z. Chen, and X. Et-yang, The Study About the Integrated Planning Theory of Surface and Underground Urban Space, Procedia Engineering, vol.21, pp.16-23, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.proeng.2011.11.1982

K. Zhu, P. Blum, G. Ferguson, K. Balke, and P. Et-bayer, The geothermal potential of urban heat islands, Environmental Research Letters, vol.5, issue.4, p.44002, 2010.
DOI : 10.1088/1748-9326/5/4/044002