W. J. Abernathy and J. M. Utterback, Patterns of Industrial Innovation, Technol. Rev, vol.80, 1978.

M. Abramovitz, Catching Up, Forging Ahead, and Falling Behind, The Journal of Economic History, vol.46, issue.02, pp.385-406, 1986.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022050700046209

A. Afuah, Innovation Management: Strategies, Implementation, and Profits, 2003.

A. Akiike, Where is Abernathy and Utterback Model? Ann, Bus. Adm. Sci, vol.12, pp.225-236, 2013.

T. Altenburg, H. Schmitz, and A. Stamm, Breakthrough? China???s and India???s Transition from Production to Innovation, World Development, vol.36, issue.2, pp.325-344, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2007.06.011

J. Altmann, Military Uses of Nanotechnology: Perspectives and Concerns, Security Dialogue, vol.35, issue.1, pp.61-79, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/35042582

E. Amann and J. Cantwell, Innovative Firms in Emerging Market Countries, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199646005.001.0001

A. H. Amsden, The Rise of " The Rest " : Challenges to the West from Late-Industrializing Economies, 2003.
DOI : 10.1093/0195139690.001.0001

A. H. Amsden, Asia's Next Giant: South Korea and Late Industrialization, 1992.
DOI : 10.1093/0195076036.001.0001

A. H. Amsden and T. Hikino, Project Execution Capability, Organizational Know-how and Conglomerate Corporate Growth in Late Industrialization, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol.3, issue.1, 1994.
DOI : 10.1093/icc/3.1.111

A. H. Amsden and F. T. Tschang, A new approach to assessing the technological complexity of different categories of R&D (with examples from Singapore), Research Policy, vol.32, issue.4, pp.553-572, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(02)00080-X

M. M. Andersen, D. Villavicencio, and Z. Wei, Silent innovation: corporate strategizing in early nanotechnology evolution, The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol.37, issue.6, pp.680-696, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02483294

URL : http://orbit.dtu.dk/files/130316706/JTT_Andersen_MM_2011_Silent_innovation_corporate_strategizing_in_early_nanotech_evolution.pdf

R. Arvanitis, W. Zhao, H. Qiu, and J. Xu, Technological learning in six firms in Southern China: success and limits of an industrialisation model, International Journal of Technology Management, vol.36, issue.1/2/3, pp.108-125, 2006.
DOI : 10.1504/IJTM.2006.009964

P. S. Aulakh, Emerging multinationals from developing economies: Motivations, paths and performance, Journal of International Management, vol.13, issue.3, pp.235-240, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.intman.2007.05.001

E. Avenel, A. V. Favier, S. Ma, V. Mangematin, and C. Rieu, Diversification and hybridization in firm knowledge bases in nanotechnologies, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.6, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.002

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00424531

C. Bai, GLOBAL VOICES OF SCIENCE: Ascent of Nanoscience in China, Science, vol.309, issue.5731, pp.61-63, 2005.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1115172

C. Bai, Progress of nanoscience and nanotechnology in China, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol.3, issue.4, pp.251-256, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1017988725647

R. Batra, A. Chattopadhyay, and A. Ozsomer, The New Emerging Market Multinationals: Four Strategies for Disrupting Markets and Building Brands, 2012.

R. Bawa, S. R. Bawa, and S. B. Maebius, The Nanotechnology Patent " Gold Rush, J, p.222, 2005.

M. Bell, Time and technological learning in industrialising countries: how long does it take? How fast is it moving (if at all)?, International Journal of Technology Management, vol.36, issue.1/2/3, pp.25-39, 2006.
DOI : 10.1504/IJTM.2006.009959

M. Bell and M. Albu, Knowledge Systems and Technological Dynamism in Industrial Clusters in Developing Countries, World Development, vol.27, issue.9, pp.1715-1734, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0305-750X(99)00073-X

M. Bell and P. N. Figueiredo, Building innovative capabilities in latecomer emerging market firms: some key issues, in: Innovative Firms in Emerging Market Countries, 2012.

M. Bell and K. Pavitt, Technological Accumulation and Industrial Growth: Contrasts between developed and developing countries, Ind. Corp. Change, vol.2, 1993.

M. Bergère, La Chine, International Review of Social History, vol.17, issue.01, 2013.
DOI : 10.1017/S0020859000006696

S. Bhattacharya, M. Bhati, and A. P. Kshitij, Investigating the role of policies, strategies, and governance in China's emergence as a global nanotech player, 2011 Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy, pp.1-14, 2011.
DOI : 10.1109/ACSIP.2011.6064462

S. Bhattacharya and S. Shilpa, Mapping Nanotechnology Research and Innovation in India, DESIDOC Journal of Library & Information Technology, vol.31, issue.5, p.31, 2011.
DOI : 10.14429/djlit.31.5.1191

URL : http://publications.drdo.gov.in/ojs/index.php/djlit/article/download/1191/527/

G. Binnig, . Ch, H. Rohrer, and . Ch, United States Patent: 4343993 -Scanning tunneling microscope, 1982.

G. Binnig, C. F. Quate, and C. Gerber, Atomic Force Microscope, Physical Review Letters, vol.39, issue.9, pp.930-933, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9797(72)90039-2

R. Bironneau, China innovation inc, Presses De Sciences Po, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00793829

P. Boeing, China's R&D Subsidies-Allocation and Effectiveness. ZEW-Cent, Eur. Econ. Res. Discuss. Pap, 2014.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2534715

URL : https://ub-madoc.bib.uni-mannheim.de/37404/1/dp14103.pdf

F. Bonaglia, A. Goldstein, and J. A. Mathews, Accelerated internationalization by emerging markets??? multinationals: The case of the white goods sector, Journal of World Business, vol.42, issue.4, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jwb.2007.06.001

J. Boussemart, W. Briec, I. Cadoret, and C. Tavéra, A re-examination of the technological catching-up hypothesis across OECD industries, Economic Modelling, vol.23, issue.6, pp.967-977, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econmod.2006.04.014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00095072

R. Boyer, Asia. Revewal of the diversity of capitalism, tipping in international relations The Rejuvenation of Political Economy, 2016.

S. Breschi, F. Malerba, and L. Orsenigo, Technological Regimes and Schumpeterian Patterns of Innovation, The Economic Journal, vol.110, issue.463, pp.388-410, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-0297.00530

T. Bresnahan and M. Tratjenberg, General purpose technologies " Engines of growth, Journal of Econometrics, pp.83-108, 1995.

D. Breznitz and M. Murphree, Shaking grounds? Technology standards in China, 2012.

G. Bruche, A New Geography of Innovation???China and India Rising, Transnational Corporations Review, vol.1, issue.4, 2009.
DOI : 10.1179/102452909X451378

T. Buck, I. Filatotchev, P. Nolan, and M. Wright, Different paths to economic reform in Russia and China: causes and consequences, Journal of World Business, vol.35, issue.4, pp.379-400, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1090-9516(00)00044-4

V. Bush, Science: The Endless Frontier, Transactions of the Kansas Academy of Science (1903-), vol.48, issue.3, 1945.
DOI : 10.2307/3625196

J. Cai and A. Tylecote, Corporate governance and technological dynamism of Chinese firms 223, 2008.

C. Cao, R. P. Appelbaum, and R. Parker, ???Research is high and the market is far away???: Commercialization of nanotechnology in China, Technology in Society, vol.35, issue.1, pp.55-64, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techsoc.2013.03.004

S. D. Caruthers, S. A. Wickline, and G. M. Lanza, Nanotechnological applications in medicine, Current Opinion in Biotechnology, vol.18, issue.1, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.copbio.2007.01.006

R. Center and D. Strategy, Nanotechnology and materials R & D in Japan (2015): an overview and analysis, Japan Science and Technology Agency Nanotechnology/Materials Unit, 2016.

C. Chen, D. Toyama, and R. , Catch up of semiconductor latecomers in China, International Journal of Emerging Markets, vol.1, issue.3, pp.247-261, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/tie.20005

S. Chaudhuri, TRIPS and changes in pharmaceutical patent regime in India, 2005.

L. Chen, The World's Largest Companies 2015 [WWW Document]. Forbes. URL http://www.forbes.com/sites, 2016.

L. Chen and B. Naughton, The Emergence of Chinese Techno-Industrial Policy : From Megaprojects to Strategic Emerging Industries, 2003.

L. Chen, M. Mourshed, and A. Grant, The $250 billion question: Can China close the skills gap?, 2013.

M. Chen, Mianyang: the legacy of state socialism and local construction, Prov. China, vol.3, pp.34-59, 2011.

K. Cheung and P. Lin, Spillover effects of FDI on innovation in China: Evidence from the provincial data, China Economic Review, vol.15, issue.1, pp.25-44, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S1043-951X(03)00027-0

D. S. Cho and F. Huang, A study on corporate governance of China's state owned enterprises: focus on the role of Baosteel CCP organization, J. Int. Bus. Res, vol.11, pp.45-59, 2012.

J. Choung, T. Hameed, and I. Ji, Role of formal standards in transition to the technology frontier: Korean ICT systems, Telecommunications Policy, vol.35, issue.3, pp.269-287, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2011.02.001

J. Choung, H. Hwang, and W. Song, Transitions of Innovation Activities in Latecomer Countries: An Exploratory Case Study of South Korea, World Development, vol.54, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.07.013

J. Choung, I. Ji, and T. Hameed, International Standardization Strategies of Latecomers: The Cases of Korean TPEG, T-DMB, and Binary CDMA, World Development, vol.39, issue.5, pp.824-838, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.09.007

C. M. Christensen and M. E. Raynor, The Innovator's Solution: Creating and Sustaining Successful Growth, 1 edition, 2003.

W. Chu, Can Taiwan's second movers upgrade via branding? Res, Policy, vol.38, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2008.12.014

H. F. Chung, Market orientation, guanxi, and business performance. Ind. Mark. Manag., B2B marketing in a Guanxi context: Theoretical development and practices 40, pp.522-533, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.indmarman.2010.12.008

M. Y. Chung and K. Lee, How Absorptive Capacity is Formed in a Latecomer Economy: Different Roles of Foreign Patent and Know-how Licensing in Korea, World Development, vol.66, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2014.09.010

W. M. Cohen and D. A. Levinthal, Absorptive capacity: a new perspective on learning and innovation, Adm. Sci. Q, pp.128-152, 1990.

H. Courtney, J. Kirkland, and P. Viguerie, Strategy Under Uncertainty, Harv. Bus. Rev, 1997.

R. Crescenzi, A. Rodriguez-pose, and M. Storper, The territorial dynamics of innovation in China and India, Journal of Economic Geography, vol.43, issue.2, pp.1055-1085, 2010.
DOI : 10.1080/00343400902777059

J. Dang and K. Motohashi, Patent statistics: A good indicator for innovation in China? Patent subsidy program impacts on patent quality, China Economic Review, vol.35, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chieco.2015.03.012

M. R. Darby and L. G. Zucker, Grilichesian Breakthroughs: Inventions of Methods of Inventing and Firm Entry in Nanotechnology (Working Paper No. 9825), National Bureau of Economic Research, 2003.

K. Davids, The Rise and Decline of Dutch Technological Leadership (2 Vols): Technology, Economy and Culture in the Netherlands, pp.1350-1800, 2008.

J. Dedrick and K. L. Kraemer, Who captures value from science-based innovation? The distribution of benefits from GMR in the hard disk drive industry, Research Policy, vol.44, issue.8, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2015.06.011

A. Delemarle, THE ROLE OF STANDARDIZATION IN THE SHAPING OF A VISION FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY, International Journal of Innovation and Technology Management, vol.1, issue.02, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10603-009-9114-9

G. Deng and S. Kennedy, BIG BUSINESS AND INDUSTRY ASSOCIATION LOBBYING IN CHINA: THE PARADOX OF CONTRASTING STYLES, The China Journal, vol.63, pp.101-125, 2010.
DOI : 10.1086/tcj.63.20749196

Y. Ding, H. Zhang, and Y. Zhang, The financial and operating performance of Chinese family-owned listed firms, Manag. Int. Rev, vol.48, pp.297-318, 2008.

W. Dobson and A. E. Safarian, The transition from imitation to innovation: An enquiry into China's evolving institutions and firm capabilities, Journal of Asian Economics, vol.19, issue.4, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.asieco.2008.05.007

H. Dong, Y. Gao, P. J. Sinko, Z. Wu, J. Xu et al., The nanotechnology race between China and the United States, Nano Today, vol.11, issue.1, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nantod.2016.02.001

E. Drexler, Engines of Creation: The Coming Era of Nanotechnology, 1987.

G. Dutrenit, Learning and Knowledge Management in the Firm: From Knowledge Accumulation to Strategic Capabilities, 2000.

G. Duysters, J. Jacob, C. Lemmens, and Y. Jintian, Internationalization and technological catching up of emerging multinationals: a comparative case study of China's Haier group, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol.1, issue.2, pp.325-349, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/icc/dtp006

S. Eaton, The Gradual Encroachment of an Idea: Large Enterprise Groups in China, The Copenhagen Journal of Asian Studies, vol.31, issue.2, pp.5-22, 2014.
DOI : 10.22439/cjas.v31i2.4331

J. P. Fan, T. J. Wong, and T. Zhang, The emergence of corporate pyramids in China. Emergence Corp. Pyramids China Feburary, 2005.

P. Fernández-pérez and M. Fernández-moya, Making room for emerging economies. A comparative approach of the largest family businesses in China, Gran empresa familiar en Mexico, China y Brasil/Dar lugar às economias emergentes. Estudo comparativo das maiores empresas familiares na China, p.76, 2011.

R. Ferris, Micromem Applied Sensor Technologies Inc., 2014 URL http://mastinc.com/nanotechnology-in-the-oil-gas-industry, Nanotechnology in the Oil & Gas Industry

P. N. Figueiredo, Beyond technological catch-up: An empirical investigation of further innovative capability accumulation outcomes in latecomer firms with evidence from Brazil, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol.31, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2013.10.008

P. N. Figueiredo, Discontinuous innovation capability accumulation in latecomer natural resource-processing firms, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.77, issue.7, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2010.02.004

W. A. Fischer, The structure and organization of Chinese industrial R&D activities. RD Manag, pp.63-81, 1983.

W. A. Fischer and C. M. Farr, Dimensions of innovative climate in Chinese R&D units. RD Manag, pp.183-190, 1985.

W. A. Fischer, V. Zedtwitz, and M. , Chinese R&D: naissance, renaissance, or mirage? RD Manag, pp.349-365, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9310.2004.00346.x

M. Fong, Technology Leapfrogging for Developing Countries, Encycl. Inf. Sci. Technol, 2009.
DOI : 10.4018/978-1-60566-026-4.ch591

N. Forbes and D. Wield, Innovation Dynamics in Follower Firms: process, product and proprietary technology for development. IKD Work, 2006.

N. Forbes and D. Wield, From Followers to Leaders: Managing Technology and Innovation, 2002.

N. Forbes and D. Wield, Managing R&D in technology-followers, Research Policy, vol.29, issue.9, pp.1095-1109, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00071-2

C. Freeman and L. Soete, Developing science, technology and innovation indicators: What we can learn from the past. Res. Policy, Special Issue: Emerging Challenges for Science, Technology and Innovation Policy Research: A Reflexive Overview 38, pp.583-589, 2009.

C. Freeman and L. Soete, The economic of industrial innovation, 1997.

X. Fu, China's Path to Innovation, 2015.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781107110953

X. Fu, C. Pietrobelli, and L. Soete, The Role of Foreign Technology and Indigenous Innovation in the Emerging Economies: Technological Change and Catching-up, ): Foreign Technology and Indigenous Innovation in the Emerging Economies, pp.1204-1270, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2010.05.009

J. Gao and G. H. Jefferson, Science and Technology Take-off in China?: Sources of Rising R&D Intensity, Asia Pacific Business Review, vol.4, issue.3, pp.357-37110, 1080.
DOI : 10.1086/261725

X. Gao, A latecomer's strategy to promote a technology standard: The case of Datang and TD-SCDMA, Research Policy, vol.43, issue.3, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2013.09.003

Y. Gao, B. Jin, W. Shen, P. J. Sinko, X. Xie et al., China and the United States???Global partners, competitors and collaborators in nanotechnology development, Nanomedicine: Nanotechnology, Biology and Medicine, vol.12, issue.1, pp.13-19, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nano.2015.09.007

G. Gereffi, Global value chains, development and emerging economies. Glob. Value Chains Dev, 2015.

G. Gereffi, Development Models and Industrial Upgrading in China and Mexico. Eur, p.226, 2008.

G. Jcn034-gereffi, International trade and industrial upgrading in the apparel commodity chain, Sociol. Rev. J. Int. Econ, vol.25, issue.48, pp.37-51, 1999.

A. Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective, 1962.

V. Govindarajan and R. Ramamurti, Reverse innovation, emerging markets, and global strategy, Global Strategy Journal, vol.31, issue.1, pp.191-205, 2011.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.32.7.791

S. J. Graham and M. Iacopetta, Nanotechnology and the Emergence of a General Purpose Technology, Ann. Econ. Stat, vol.115116, pp.5-35, 2009.

M. Granovetter, Coase Revisited: Business Groups in the Modern Economy, Industrial and Corporate Change, vol.4, issue.1, pp.93-130, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/icc/4.1.93

Z. Griliches, Patent Statistics as Economic Indicators: A Survey (NBER Working Paper No. 3301), National Bureau of Economic Research, 1990.

S. Gu and B. Lundvall, China's innovation system and the move toward harmonious growth and endogenous innovation, 2006.

J. Guan and N. Ma, China's emerging presence in nanoscience and nanotechnology, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.6, pp.880-886, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.004

D. H. Guston, Encyclopedia of Nanoscience and Society, 2010.
DOI : 10.4135/9781412972093

S. Heilmann and L. Shih, The Rise of Industrial Policy in China, Disponível Em Httpwww Harv.-Yenching Orgsitesharvard-Yenching, 1978.

E. Helpman, General Purpose Technologies and Economic Growth, 1998.

R. M. Henderson and K. B. Clark, Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.35, issue.1, pp.9-30, 1990.
DOI : 10.2307/2393549

C. W. Hill and F. T. Rothaermel, The performance of incumbent firms in the face of radical technological innovation, Acad. Manage. Rev, vol.28, pp.257-274, 2003.

M. Hirt, S. Smit, and W. Yoo, Understanding Asia's conglomerates | McKinsey & Company, 2013.

M. Hobday, Latecomer catch-up strategies in electronics: Samsung of Korea and ACER of Taiwan, Asia Pacific Business Review, vol.4, issue.2-3, pp.48-8310, 1080.
DOI : 10.1080/13602389812331288364

M. Hobday, East Asian latecomer firms: Learning the technology of electronics, World Development, vol.23, issue.7, pp.1171-1193, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0305-750X(95)00035-B

M. Hobday, Innovation in East Asia: The Challenge to Japan, 1995.

M. Hobday, H. Rush, and J. Bessant, Approaching the innovation frontier in Korea: the transition phase to leadership, Research Policy, vol.33, issue.10, pp.1433-1457, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2004.05.005

H. Hollanders and A. Van-cruysen, Innovation Union Scoreboard 2014, 2014.

S. Howell, H. Lee, and A. Heal, Leapfrogging or Stalling Out? Electric Vehicles in China, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2493131

M. Hu, Nanotechnology development in Mainland China, 2012 IEEE Conference on Technology and Society in Asia (T&SA), pp.1-6, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TSAsia.2012.6397988

C. Huang and Y. Wu, State-led Technological Development: A Case of China???s Nanotechnology Development, World Development, vol.40, issue.5, pp.970-982, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.11.013

J. Huchet, The emergence of capitalism in China: An historical perspective and its impact on the political system, Soc. Res. Int. Q, vol.73, pp.1-27, 2006.

J. Huchet, La concentration dans l'industrie chinoise, Perspect. Chin, vol.52, issue.4, 1999.

J. Huchet, Transferts de technologie et accumulation de capacités technologiques dans les entreprises d'Etat de l'industrie électronique en RP de Chine, 1978.
DOI : 10.3406/tiers.1995.4985

URL : http://www.persee.fr/docAsPDF/tiers_0040-7356_1995_num_36_143_4985.pdf

M. Hvistendahl, China's Publication Bazaar, Science, vol.342, issue.6162, 2013.
DOI : 10.1126/science.342.6162.1035

H. Hwang and J. Choung, The Co-evolution of Technology and Institutions in the Catch-up Process: The Case of the Semiconductor Industry in Korea and Taiwan, The Journal of Development Studies, vol.80, issue.9, pp.1240-1260, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(94)00775-3

H. Hwang and J. Choung, Towards an Innovation Policy in the Post Catch-Up Era, Asian Journal of Innovation and Policy, vol.2, issue.1, 2013.
DOI : 10.7545/ajip.2013.2.1.001

J. R. Immelt, V. Govindarajan, and C. Trimble, How GE Is Disrupting Itself, Harv. Bus. Rev, 2009.

J. James, Leapfrogging in mobile telephony: A measure for comparing country performance, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.76, issue.7, pp.991-998, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2008.09.002

E. Jastrabsky and R. Arvanitis, Un système d'innovation régional en gestation : le cas du Guangdong, Perspect. Chin, vol.92, pp.14-28, 2005.

M. C. Jensen and W. H. Meckling, Theory of the firm: Managerial behavior, agency costs and ownership structure, Journal of Financial Economics, vol.3, issue.4, pp.305-360, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-405X(76)90026-X

F. Jiang and K. A. Kim, Corporate governance in China: A modern perspective, Journal of Corporate Finance, vol.32, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2014.10.010

S. Johnson, South Korea pushes for developed market status, Financ. Times FTCom, 2016.

D. Jolly and N. Girard, Ces entreprises qui font la Chine, 2011.

B. Jovanovic and P. L. Rousseau, General Purpose Technologies, Handb. Econ. Growth, vol.1, pp.1181-1224, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S1574-0684(05)01018-X

URL : http://www.nyu.edu/econ/user/jovanovi/GPT.pdf

S. Jui, Innovation in China: The Chinese Software Industry Routledge, 2010.

D. Kale, Innovative Firms in Emerging Market Countries, pp.148-191, 2012.

B. Kang, The innovation process of Huawei and ZTE: Patent data analysis, China Economic Review, vol.36, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chieco.2014.12.003

M. Karaulova, O. Shackleton, A. Gok, M. N. Kotsemir, and P. Shapira, Nanotechnology Research and Innovation in Russia: A Bibliometric Analysis, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2014.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2521012

J. Katz, Technological Innovation, Industrial Organisation and Comparative Advantages of Latin American Metalworking Industries, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-349-17487-4_6

L. Kay, N. Invernizzi, and P. Shapira, The role of Brazilian firms in nanotechnology development, 2009 Atlanta Conference on Science and Innovation Policy, pp.1-8, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/ACSIP.2009.5407593

L. Kay and P. Shapira, Developing nanotechnology in Latin America, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol.7, issue.6, 2009.
DOI : 10.3386/w11181

L. Kay and J. Youtie, Corporate Strategies in Emerging Technologies: The Case of Chinese Firms and Energy Storage-Related Nanotechnology Applications, in: Shaping Emerging Technologies: Governance, Innovation, Discourse, pp.167-184, 2013.

T. Khanna and K. Palepu, Why Focused Strategies May Be Wrong for Emerging Markets, Harv. Bus. Rev, 1997.

T. Khanna, K. Palepu, and J. Sinha, Strategies That Fit Emerging Markets, Harv. Bus. Rev, 2005.

M. Kiamehr, M. Hobday, and M. Hamedi, Latecomer firm strategies in complex product 228 systems (CoPS): The case of Iran's thermal electricity generation systems, Res. Policy, vol.44, 2015.

L. Kim, The multifaceted evolution of Korean technological capabilities and its implications for contemporary policy, Oxford Development Studies, vol.32, issue.3, pp.341-363, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/1360081042000260566

L. Kim, Korea's national innovation system in transition Technology, learning, and innovation : experiences of newly industrializing economies. -Cambridge, Technol. Learn. Innov. Exp. New. Ind. Econ, pp.335-360, 2000.

L. Kim, Imitation to Innovation: The Dynamics of Korea's Technological Learning, Harvard Business Review Press, 1997.

L. Kim, Stages of development of industrial technology in a developing country: A model, Research Policy, vol.9, issue.3, pp.254-27710, 1980.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(80)90003-7

L. Kim and R. R. Nelson, Technology, Learning, and Innovation: Experiences of Newly Industrializing Economies, 2000.

W. Kim, Y. Shi, and M. Gregory, Transition from imitation to innovation: lessons from a Korean Multinational Corporation, Int. J. Bus, vol.9, 2004.

E. A. Klochikhin, Public Policy in (re)building national innovation capabilitities: a comparison of S&T transitions in China and Russia, 2013.

R. N. Kostoff, China/USA nanotechnology research output comparison???2011 update, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.79, issue.5, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2012.01.007

R. N. Kostoff, M. B. Briggs, R. L. Rushenberg, C. A. Bowles, and M. Pecht, Chinese science and technology ??? Structure and infrastructure, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.74, issue.9, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.02.008

R. N. Kostoff, R. G. Koytcheff, and C. G. Lau, Global nanotechnology research literature overview, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.74, issue.9, pp.1733-1747, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2007.04.004

B. Kowalczyk-hoyer and S. Côté-freemann, Transparency in corporate reporting: assessing emerging market multinationals, Transparency Internat., Internat. Secretariat, 2013.

F. Kreuchauff and N. Teichert, others, 2014. Nanotechnology as general purpose technology

P. Krugman, The Myth of Asia's Miracle, Foreign Affairs, vol.73, issue.6, p.62, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/20046929

A. Kumaraswamy, R. Mudambi, H. Saranga, and A. Tripathy, Catch-up strategies in the Indian auto components industry: Domestic firms??? responses to market liberalization, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.10, issue.5, pp.368-395, 2012.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.10.5.551

S. Lacour, Les nanotechnologies et le droit des brevets d'invention, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00439325

B. Lafferty, A. Shraberg, and M. Clemens, China's Civil-Military Integration, SITC Res. Briefs, 2013.

S. Lall, Developing countries as exporters of industrial technology, Res. Policy, vol.980, pp.24-52, 1980.

D. S. Landes, The Unbound Prometheus: Technological Change and Industrial Development in Western Europe from 1750 to the Present, 2003.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511819957

P. Larédo, A. Delemarle, and B. Kahane, Dynamics of Nano Sciences and Technologies : Policy Implications, STI Policy Rev, vol.1, pp.43-62, 2010.

P. Laurens, L. Bas, C. Schoen, A. Villard, L. Larédo et al., The rate and motives of the internationalisation of large firm R&D (1994???2005): Towards a turning point?, Research Policy, vol.44, issue.3, pp.765-776, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2014.11.001

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01259810

D. M. Lee and T. J. Allen, Integrating New Technical Staff: Implications for Acquiring New Technology, Management Science, vol.28, issue.12, pp.1405-1420, 1982.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.28.12.1405

J. Lee, Z. Bae, and D. Choi, Technology development processes: A model for a developing country with a global perspective, R&D Management, vol.13, issue.1, pp.235-250, 1988.
DOI : 10.1109/TEM.1976.6447144

K. Lee, Economic Catch-up and Technological Leapfrogging: The Path to Development and Macroeconomic Stability in Korea, 2016.
DOI : 10.4337/9781785367939

K. Lee, Schumpeterian Analysis of Economic Catch-up: Knowledge, Path-Creation, and the Middle-Income Trap, 2013.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781107337244

K. Lee and C. Lim, Technological regimes, catching-up and leapfrogging: findings from the Korean industries, Research Policy, vol.30, issue.3, pp.459-483, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00088-3

K. Lee and W. T. Woo, Business Groups in China Compared with Korean Chaebols. Post- Financ, Crisis Chall. Asian Ind, vol.10, pp.721-747, 2001.

R. C. Leung, Networks as sponges: International collaboration for developing nanomedicine in China, Research Policy, vol.42, issue.1, pp.211-219, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2012.05.001

A. Y. Lewin, M. Kenney, and J. P. Murmann, China's Innovation Challenge: Overcoming the Middle-Income Trap, 2016.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781316422267

S. W. Lewis, Chinese NOCs and World Energy Markets: CNPC, Sinopec and CNOOC. The James A1 Baker III, 2007.

H. Li and J. Cantwell, Country Experiences (Asia): China, in: Innovative Firms in Emerging Market Countries, p.404, 2012.

R. R. Liang, X. B. Zhang, X. J. Wang, R. H. Wang, Y. W. Mao et al., Application of Gelatin-Based Antimicrobial Edible Coatings on the Preservation of Chicken Meat and Prepared Products, Advanced Materials Research, vol.236, issue.238, pp.236-238, 2011.
DOI : 10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMR.236-238.2255

H. Liao, B. Wang, B. Li, and T. Weyman-jones, ICT as a general-purpose technology: The productivity of ICT in the United States revisited, Information Economics and Policy, vol.36, pp.10-25, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2016.05.001

J. Liegsalz, The economics of intellectual property rights in China: patents, trade and foreign direct investment, 1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-8349-8865-2

R. G. Lipsey, K. I. Carlaw, and C. T. Bekar, Economic Transformations : General Purpose Technologies and Long-Term Economic Growth: General Purpose Technologies and Long-Term Economic Growth, 2005.

K. Lisbonne-de-vergeron, Forces et faiblesses de la Chine, 2012.

F. Liu, D. F. Simon, Y. Sun, and C. Cao, China's innovation policies: Evolution, institutional structure, and trajectory, Research Policy, vol.40, issue.7, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2011.05.005

J. Liu and A. Tylecote, Corporate Governance and Technological Capability Development: Three Case Studies in the Chinese Auto Industry, Industry & Innovation, vol.2, issue.4-5, pp.525-544, 2009.
DOI : 10.1080/13662719900000003

N. Liu and J. Guan, Policy and innovation: Nanoenergy technology in the USA and China, Energy Policy, vol.91, pp.220-232, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enpol.2016.01.020

X. Liu and S. White, Comparing innovation systems: a framework and application to China???s transitional context, Research Policy, vol.30, issue.7, pp.1091-1114, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(00)00132-3

Z. Liu and X. Li, Transition of the Yangtze river delta: from global manufacturing center to global innovation center, New frontiers in regional science : Asian perspectives News Analysis: China pins hopes on scientific innovation, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/978-4-431-55178-2

B. Lundvall, National Systems of Innovation: Toward a Theory of Innovation and Interactive Learning, 2010.
DOI : 10.7135/UPO9781843318903

X. Ma and J. W. Lu, The Critical Role of Business Groups in China, Ivey Bus. J, pp.1-12, 2010.

M. Maher and T. Andersson, Corporate Governance: Effects on Firm Performance and Economic Growth, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2000.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.218490

J. Mahlich and W. Pascha, Innovation and Technology in Korea: Challenges of a Newly Advanced Economy, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7908-1914-4

M. Close-up, Fosun Pharma Named " China " s Most Innovative Pharmaceutical Enterprise, 2013.

K. E. Maskus, Intellectual Property Rights in the Global Economy. Institute for International Economics, 2000.

J. A. Mathews, Competitive advantages of the latecomer firm: A resource-based account of industrial catch-up strategies, Asia Pacific Journal of Management, vol.19, issue.4, pp.467-488, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1020586223665

R. Mazzoleni and R. R. Nelson, Public research institutions and economic catch-up, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.10, pp.1512-1528, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.06.007

. Mckinsey-global-institute, The China effect on global innovation, 2015.

C. A. Mcnally, Strange Bedfellows: Communist Party Institutions and New Governance Mechanisms in Chinese State Holding Corporations, Business and Politics, vol.123, issue.999, 2002.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.5.2.111

M. Report, China : Nano coating roll is applied to Baosteel Cold Rolling for the first time, 2013.

K. Miyazaki and N. Islam, Nanotechnology systems of innovation???An analysis of industry and academia research activities, Technovation, vol.27, issue.11, pp.661-675, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.technovation.2007.05.009

A. Modrea, Strategy for the Future in Terms of Research and Development in the Field of Nano and Microtechnology, Procedia Technology, vol.12, pp.283-288, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.protcy.2013.12.487

A. Mogoutov and B. Kahane, Data search strategy for science and technology emergence: A scalable and evolutionary query for nanotechnology tracking, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.6, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00871455

S. L. Morgan, Professional Associations and the Diffusion of New Management Ideas in Shanghai, 1920-1930s: A Research Agenda, Bus. Econ. Hist, vol.2, 2004.

T. Morris-suzuki, The Technological Transformation of Japan: From the Seventeenth to the Twenty-First Century, 1994.

P. Moser and T. Nicholas, Was Electricity a General Purpose Technology?, in: The American Economic Review, Papers and Proceedings, pp.388-394, 2004.

Y. Motoyama, C. Cao, and R. Appelbaum, Observing regional divergence of Chinese nanotechnology centers, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.81, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2013.02.013

D. D. Mowery and N. Rosenberg, Technology and the pursuit of economic growth, p.231, 1989.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511664441

S. Nagaoka, K. Motohashi, and A. Goto, Chapter 25 -Patent Statistics as an Innovation Indicator, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, Handbook of the Economics of Innovation, pp.1083-1127, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/s0169-7218(10)02009-5

K. Nam, Compact organizational space and technological catch-up: Comparison of China's three leading automotive groups, Research Policy, vol.44, issue.1, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2014.08.002

B. Naughton, The Chinese economy: transitions and growth, 2007.

B. Naughton and K. S. Tsai, State Capitalism, Institutional Adaptation, and the Chinese Miracle, 2015.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139962858

V. Nee and S. Opper, Capitalism from Below -Markets and Institutional Change in China, 2012.

R. R. Nelson, Economic Development from the Perspective of Evolutionary Economic Theory, Oxford Development Studies, vol.36, issue.1, pp.9-21, 2008.
DOI : 10.2307/1884852

R. R. Nelson, The Role of Firm differences in An evolutionary Theory Of technical Advance Evolutionary and Neo-Schumpeterian Approaches to Economics, Recent Economic Thought, pp.231-242, 1994.

R. R. Nelson and S. G. Winter, An Evolutionary Theory of Economic Change, 1982.

J. Niosi and S. E. Reid, Biotechnology and Nanotechnology: Science-based Enabling Technologies as Windows of Opportunity for LDCs?, World Development, vol.35, issue.3, pp.426-438, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2006.11.004

P. Nolan, China and the Global Business Revolution, 2001.

P. Nolan, China and the Global Economy: National Champions, Industrial Policy and the Big Business Revolution, 2001.
DOI : 10.1057/9780230599284

P. Nolan, The China Puzzle: ???Touching Stones to Cross the River???, Challenge, vol.37, issue.1, 1994.
DOI : 10.1080/05775132.1994.11471714

P. Nolan and G. Yeung, Big business with Chinese characteristics: two paths to growth of the firm in China under reform, Cambridge Journal of Economics, vol.25, issue.4, pp.443-465, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/cje/25.4.443

P. Nolan and J. Zhang, The Challenge of Globalization for Large Chinese Firms, World Development, vol.30, issue.12, pp.2089-2107, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0305-750X(02)00148-1

F. Noor-evans, S. Peters, N. Stingelin, and L. A2-horne, Nanotechnology innovation for future development in the textile industry, New Product Development in Textiles, pp.109-131, 2012.
DOI : 10.1533/9780857095190.2.109

H. Odagiri, A. Goto?, A. Sunami, and R. R. Nelson, Intellectual property rights, development, and catch up: an international comparative study, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199574759.001.0001

G. Ogsuz-aladagli and M. Oulion, Innovation et stratégies des entreprises chinoises: quel design de recherche ?, 2015.

J. C. Oi, The Role of the Local State in China's Transitional Economy, The China Quarterly, vol.144, pp.1132-1149, 1995.
DOI : 10.1017/S0305741000004768

C. Oman, S. Fries, and W. Buiter, Corporate Governance in Developing, Transition and Emerging-Market Economies, 2004.
DOI : 10.1787/604227826337

T. Orlik, Reform at China's National Bureau of Statistics under Ma Jiantang, 2008.

C. Palmberg, C. P. Nikulainen, and -. , Industrial Renewal and Growth Through Nanotechnology? An overview with focus on Finland, 2006.

S. Park and K. Yuhn, model succeeded?, Journal of Economic Studies, vol.39, issue.2, pp.260-274, 2012.
DOI : 10.1108/01443580210420808

P. Patel and K. Pavitt, The technological competencies of the world's largest firms: Complex and path-dependent, but not much variety, Research Policy, vol.26, issue.2, pp.141-156, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(97)00005-X

P. Patel and K. Pavitt, The continuing, widespread (and neglected) importance of improvements in mechanical technologies, Research Policy, vol.23, issue.5, pp.533-545, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(94)01004-8

P. Patel and K. Pavitt, Large Firms in the Production of the World's Technology: An Important Case of ???Non-Globalisation???, Journal of International Business Studies, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1-21, 1991.
DOI : 10.1057/palgrave.jibs.8490289

K. Pavitt, Sectoral patterns of technical change: towards a taxonomy and a theory, in: The Economics of Innovation, pp.249-279, 1990.

K. Pavitt, Technical innovation and industrial development, Futures, vol.11, issue.6, pp.458-470, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-3287(79)90044-2

M. W. Peng, The global strategy of emerging multinationals from China, Global Strategy Journal, vol.45, issue.2, pp.97-107, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6486.2007.00752.x

C. Perez and L. Soete, Catching up in technology: entry barriers and windows of opportunity, in: Technical Change and Economic Theory, pp.458-479, 1988.

P. Pessarossi and L. Weill, Choice of corporate debt in China: The role of state ownership, China Econ. Rev, vol.26, 2013.

R. Porta, F. Lopez-de-silanes, and A. Shleifer, Corporate ownership around the world, J. Finance, vol.54, pp.471-517, 1999.
DOI : 10.3386/w6625

N. Preschitschek and D. Bresser, Nanotechnology patenting in China and Germany -a comparison of patent landscapes by bibliographic analyses, J. Bus. Chem, vol.7, pp.3-13, 2010.

B. Qin, City profile: Chengdu, Cities, vol.43, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cities.2014.11.006

N. Radjou, J. Prabhu, S. Ahuja, and K. Roberts, Jugaad Innovation: Think Frugal, Be Flexible, Generate Breakthrough Growth, 2012.

R. Ramamurti and J. V. Singh, Emerging Multinationals in Emerging Markets, 2009.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511576485

S. V. Ramani, Nanotechnology and Development: What's in it for Emerging Countries, 2014.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139794664

S. Ray and P. Kanta-ray, Product innovation for the people's car in an emerging economy, Technovation, vol.31, issue.5-6, pp.216-227, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.technovation.2011.01.004

S. P. Ribeiro, S. Menghinello, and K. De-backer, The OECD ORBIS database: Responding to the need for firm-level micro-data in the OECD, 2010.

D. K. Robinson, A. Rip, and V. Mangematin, Technological agglomeration and the emergence of clusters and networks in nanotechnology, Research Policy, vol.36, issue.6, pp.871-879, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2007.02.003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00424519

H. A. Romijn and M. C. Caniëls, Pathways of Technological Change in Developing Countries: Review and New Agenda, Why do firms do basic research (with their own money) 2. Stud. Sci. Innov. Process 19, pp.359-380, 1990.
DOI : 10.1596/0-8213-6043-4

N. Rosenberg, Invention and Economic Growth, Science Econ. J, vol.84, pp.90-108, 1974.

N. Rosenberg, Factors affecting the diffusion of technology, Explorations in Economic History, vol.10, issue.1, pp.3-33, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0014-4983(72)90001-0

N. Rosenberg and M. Trajtenberg, A General purpose technology at work: the Corliss steam engine in the late 19th Century US, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.
DOI : 10.3386/w8485

D. Rotolo, D. Hicks, and B. R. Martin, What is an emerging technology? Res, Policy, vol.44, 2015.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2564094

URL : http://arxiv.org/pdf/1503.00673

J. Ruet, Un facteur déterminant de la géopolitique des matières premières: la stratégie industrielle de la Chine, Annales Des Mines-Responsabilité et Environnement. FFE, pp.16-23, 2016.

J. Ruet, Globalisation des firmes multinationales des économies émergentes et recomposition des variétés du capitalisme, in: Chine, Inde : Les Firmes Au Coeur de L'émergence -Jean-François Huchet, Economie et Société. Presses Universitaires de Rennes, 2015.

J. Ruffier, Faut-il avoir peur des usines chinoises ? : Compétitivité et pérennité de, 2012.

R. Sanders and C. Yang, China's Post-Reform Economy -Achieving Harmony, Sustaining Growth, 2007.

S. Sasidharan, P. J. Jijo-lukose, and S. Komera, Financing constraints and investments in R&D: Evidence from Indian manufacturing firms, The Quarterly Review of Economics and Finance, vol.55, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.qref.2014.07.002

K. Schwab, The Global Competitiveness Report 2015-2016, World Economic Forum, 2015.

P. Shapira and J. Wang, From lab to market? Strategies and issues in the commercialization of nanotechnology in China, Asian Business & Management, vol.35, issue.6, pp.461-489, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.006

M. N. Sharif, Technological leapfrogging: Implications for developing countries, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.36, issue.1-2, pp.201-20890024, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-1625(89)90024-3

C. M. Shea, Future management research directions in nanotechnology: A case study, Journal of Engineering and Technology Management, vol.22, issue.3, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jengtecman.2005.06.002

C. M. Shea, R. Grinde, and B. Elmslie, Nanotechnology as general-purpose technology: empirical evidence and implications, Technology Analysis & Strategic Management, vol.2, issue.2, pp.175-192543336, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s10961-007-9030-6

S. Shim, Chinese private enterprises: advances and drawbacks, 2012.

A. Shleifer and R. Vishny, A Survey of Corporate Governance, The Journal of Finance, vol.110, issue.2, pp.737-83, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2946648

S. Choi, D. Michell, P. Palihawadana, and D. , Exploring the components of success for the Korean chaebols, Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, vol.23, issue.5, pp.311-322, 2008.
DOI : 10.2307/41162133

D. F. Simon and C. Cao, China's Emerging Technological Edge: Assessing the Role of High- End Talent, 1 edition, 2009.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511803468

M. Song, H. Ai, and X. Li, Political connections, financing constraints, and the optimization of innovation efficiency among China's private enterprises, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.92, pp.290-299, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.techfore.2014.10.003

F. Stewart, International technology transfer: issues and policy options, World Bank Staff working paper, 1979.

N. P. Stoianoff, The Influence of the WTO over China's Intellectual Property Regime, Syd. Law Rev, vol.34, pp.65-89, 2012.

. Strategy&, China's innovation is going global. 2014 innovation survey, Strategy& (formerly Booz & Company), 2014.

. Strategy&, An emerging innovation power -2013 China Innovation Survey, Strategy& (formerly Booz & Company), 2013.

L. Tang and P. Shapira, Regional development and interregional collaboration in the growth of nanotechnology research in China, Scientometrics, vol.35, issue.6, pp.299-315, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-010-0274-9

M. Tang, Indigeneous innovation system for catching-up in China, Projectics, pp.51-66, 2010.

Y. Tang, Review of the reform of research institutes Conference on China's New Knowledge Systems and their Global Interaction, 2003.

U. The and . Council, China's Strategic Emerging Industries: Policy, 2013.

K. S. Tsai, Back-alley Banking: Private Entrepreneurs in China, 2004.

M. L. Tushman and P. Anderson, Technological Discontinuities and Organizational Environments, Administrative Science Quarterly, vol.31, issue.3, pp.439-465, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/2392832

J. M. Utterback, Mastering the Dynamics of Innovation, Harvard Business Review Press, 1994.

J. M. Utterback and W. J. Abernathy, A dynamic model of process and product innovation, Omega, vol.3, issue.6, pp.639-65610, 1975.
DOI : 10.1016/0305-0483(75)90068-7

R. Van-noorden, China tops Europe in R&D intensity, Nature, vol.505, issue.7482, pp.144-145, 2014.
DOI : 10.1038/505144a

E. B. Viotti, National Learning Systems, Technological Forecasting and Social Change, vol.69, issue.7, pp.653-680, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-1625(01)00167-6

E. B. Viotti, Passive and active national learning systems, New School for Social Research, 1997.

V. Zedtwitz and M. , International R&D strategies of TNCs from developing countries: the case of China, Globalization of R&D and Developing Countries Proceedings of an Expert Meeting, pp.117-140, 2006.

M. Von-zedtwitz, S. Corsi, P. V. Søberg, and R. Frega, A Typology of Reverse Innovation, Journal of Product Innovation Management, vol.18, issue.3, pp.12-28, 2015.
DOI : 10.1108/1525383X201000015

M. Von-zedtwitz and O. Gassmann, Market versus technology drive in R&D internationalization: four different patterns of managing research and development, Research Policy, vol.31, issue.4, pp.569-588, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(01)00125-1

K. Walsh, China R&D: A High-Tech Field of Dreams, Asia Pac. Bus. Rev, vol.13, pp.321-335, 2007.
DOI : 10.1142/9789814656306_0007

J. Wang, The Political Logic of Corporate Governance in China's State-owned Enterprises, Cornell Int. Law J, vol.47, 2014.

C. Week-in, China's Tycoons, Profiles of 150 top Business Leaders, 2016.

A. Welch and J. Hao, Returnees and Diaspora as Source of Innovation in Chinese Higher Education. Front, pp.214-238, 2013.

Y. Whang and M. Hobday, Local ???Test Bed??? Market Demand in the Transition to Leadership: The Case of the Korean Mobile Handset Industry, World Development, vol.39, issue.8, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.worlddev.2011.01.002

P. J. Williamson, R. Ramamurti, and A. Fleury, The Competitive Advantage of Emerging Market Multinationals, 2013.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139506694

P. J. Williamson and E. Yin, Accelerated Innovation: The New Challenge From China, 2014.

S. G. Winter, Schumpeterian competition in alternative technological regimes, Journal of Economic Behavior & Organization, vol.5, issue.3-4, pp.287-32010, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-2681(84)90004-0

J. Wisdon and J. Keeley, China: the next science superpower ? Demos, 2007.

M. Wright, I. Filatotchev, R. E. Hoskisson, and M. W. Peng, Strategy Research in Emerging Economies: Challenging the Conventional Wisdom*, Journal of Management Studies, vol.7, issue.4, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-6486.00340

J. Wu, The Financial Tsunami and China's Economy, in: Voice of Reform in China, pp.61-68, 2013.

S. Wu, Y. Guo, Y. Yang, C. Wang, and G. Ge, Nanoeducation in China: current status, Journal of Nanoparticle Research, vol.4, issue.5, pp.2380-2390, 2014.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-017-0359-8

Y. Xiao, A. Tylecote, and J. Liu, Why not greater catch-up by Chinese firms? The impact of IPR, corporate governance and technology intensity on late-comer strategies, Research Policy, vol.42, issue.3, pp.749-764, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2012.11.005

. Xinhua, Investment in R&D, education in China to increase growth, innovations: WIPO chief economist -Xinhua | English, 2015.

. Xinhua, China should adapt to new norm of growth: Xi, ChinaDaily.com.cn, 2014.

L. Xue and Z. Liang, IPR and technology Catch-Up: China, in: Intellectual Property Rights, Development and Catch-Up. An International Comparative Study, 2010.

D. Yang, The development of intellectual property in China, World Patent Information, vol.25, issue.2, pp.131-142, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0172-2190(03)00026-7

X. Yang and Z. Qi, Study on competitiveness of Zibo ceramic industry cluster-based on GEM modem, J. Shandong Univ. Technol, 2011.

I. Y. Yeung, R. L. Tung, and R. K. Yin, Achieving business success in Confucian societies: The importance of guanxi (connections), Case Study Research: Design and Methods, pp.54-65, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0090-2616(96)90025-X

A. Young, The Tyranny of Numbers: Confronting the Statistical Realities of the East Asian Growth Experience (Working Paper No. 4680), National Bureau of Economic Research, 1994.

J. Youtie, M. Iacopetta, and S. Graham, Assessing the nature of nanotechnology: can we uncover an emerging general purpose technology?, The Journal of Technology Transfer, vol.22, issue.6, pp.315-329, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10961-007-9030-6

W. Yu, Party Control in China's Listed Firms, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2009.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1326205

M. Zeng and P. J. Williamson, Dragons at Your Door: How Chinese Cost Innovation Is Disrupting Global Competition, Harvard Business Review Press, 2007.

M. Zeschky, B. Widenmayer, O. Gassmann, and C. Zhang, The role of the iron & steel industry in China's future economic development, FRUGAL INNOVATION IN EMERGING MARKETS. Res.-Technol. Manag, vol.54, pp.38-45, 2011.

W. Zhao, How Do Chinese Firms Manage Innovation? A Perspective of Dynamic Capabilities, Asian Res. Policy, vol.7, pp.33-55, 2016.

W. Zhao, Économie de l'innovation et le développement des capacités technologiques en Chine : l'apprentissage technologique dans les industries automobiles et électroniques, 2006.

W. Zhao and R. Arvanitis, L'inégal développement industriel de la Chine: capacités d'innovation et coexistence de différents modes d'apprentissage technologique, Reg. Dev, vol.28, pp.61-85, 2008.

P. Zhou, The growth momentum of China in producing international scientific publications seems to have slowed down, Information Processing & Management, vol.49, issue.5, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ipm.2012.12.005

P. Zhou and W. Glänzel, In-depth analysis on China???s international cooperation in science, Scientometrics, vol.79, issue.3, pp.597-612, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11192-010-0174-z

P. Zhou and L. Leydesdorff, China ranks second in scientific publications since 2006. ISSI Newsl, Int. Soc. Scientometr. Informetr, vol.4, issue.7, 2008.

P. Zhou and L. Leydesdorff, The emergence of China as a leading nation in science, Research Policy, vol.35, issue.1, pp.83-104, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2005.08.006

L. G. Zucker and M. R. Darby, Socio-economic impact of nanoscale science: Initial results and nanobank, National Bureau of Economic Research, 2005.
DOI : 10.3386/w11181

D. Zweig, Learning to compete: China's strategies to create a'reverse brain drain, Compet. Glob. Talent Int. Labour Organ. Fr, 2006.