. De-même, des expériences pompe-sonde résolues en temps grâce aux sources XFEL (Laser à électrons libres) permettrait de décrire la dynamique des transferts de charge au sein de la molécule jusqu'à sa fragmentation

R. Delaunay, Croissance moléculaire dans des agrégats d'hydrocarbures aromatiques polycycliues induite par des collisions avec des ions, 2016.

F. Moisy, Étude des modifications induites dans les semiconducteurs AlxGa1-xN par irradiation aux ion lourds de haute énergie, 2016.

L. Decoster, Contribution à l'étude et à la modélisation du dépôt des suies lors d'un incendie, 2017.

. Antoine-de-roubin, Mass measurements of neutron-rich strontium and rubidium isotopes in the A = 100 region and development of an electrospray ion source, 2016.

D. Schardt, T. Elsässer, and D. Schulz-ertner, Heavy-ion tumor therapy: Physical and radiobiological benefits, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.82, issue.1, pp.383-425, 2010.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.82.383

C. Sonntag, The Chemical Basis for Radiation Biology, 1987.

T. Helleday, E. Petermann, C. Lundin, B. Hodgson, and R. A. Sharma, DNA repair pathways as targets for cancer therapy, Nature Reviews Cancer, vol.265, issue.3, pp.193-204, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nrc2342

S. Boiteux and J. P. Radicella, The Human OGG1 Gene: Structure, Functions, and Its Implication in the Process of Carcinogenesis, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.377, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/abbi.2000.1773

G. Kraft, M. Scholz, and U. Bechthold, Tumor therapy and track structure, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, vol.38, issue.4, pp.229-237, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004110050163

J. D. Watson and F. H. Crick, GENETICAL IMPLICATIONS OF THE STRUCTURE OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEIC ACID, JAMA: The Journal of the American Medical Association, vol.269, issue.15, pp.964-967, 1953.
DOI : 10.1001/jama.1993.03500150079031

P. Roepstorff and J. Fohlman, Letter to the editors, Biological Mass Spectrometry, vol.10, issue.11, p.601, 1984.
DOI : 10.1002/bms.1200111109

K. Biemann, Contributions of mass spectrometry to peptide and protein structure, Biological Mass Spectrometry, vol.27, issue.1-12, pp.99-111, 1988.
DOI : 10.1002/bms.1200160119

K. Biemann, Appendix 5. Nomenclature for peptide fragment ions (positive ions), In Methods Enzymol, vol.193, pp.886-887, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0076-6879(90)93460-3

F. Hillenkamp and M. Karas, [12] Mass spectrometry of peptides and proteins by matrix-assisted ultraviolet laser desorption/ionization, Methods Enzymol, vol.193, pp.280-295, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0076-6879(90)93420-P

V. V. Golovlev, S. L. Allman, W. R. Garrett, N. I. Taranenko, and C. H. Chen, Laser-induced acoustic desorption, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry and Ion Processes, vol.169, issue.170, pp.69-78, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1176(97)00209-7

S. A. Mcluckey and M. Mentinova, Ion/Neutral, Ion/Electron, Ion/Photon, and Ion/Ion Interactions in Tandem Mass Spectrometry: Do We Need Them All? Are They Enough?, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.16, issue.1, pp.3-12, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s13361-010-0004-9

C. E. Crespo-hernández, B. Cohen, P. M. Hare, and B. Kohler, Ultrafast Excited-State Dynamics in Nucleic Acids, Chemical Reviews, vol.104, issue.4, pp.1977-2019, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/cr0206770

H. Satzger, D. Townsend, M. Z. Zgierski, S. Patchkovskii, S. Ullrich et al., Primary processes underlying the photostability of isolated DNA bases: Adenine, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.103, issue.27, pp.10196-10201, 2006.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0602663103

M. Zierhut, W. Roth, and I. Fischer, Dynamics of H-atom loss in adenine, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.6, issue.22, pp.5178-5183, 2004.
DOI : 10.1039/b411295d

S. B. Nielsen, J. U. Andersen, J. S. Forster, P. Hvelplund, B. Liu et al., Photodestruction of Adenosine 5-Monophosphate (AMP) Nucleotide Ions in vacuo : Statistical versus Nonstatistical Processes, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.91, issue.4, pp.2-5, 2003.

J. C. Marcum, A. Halevi, and J. M. Weber, Photodamage to isolated mononucleotides???photodissociation spectra and fragment channels, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.218, issue.11, pp.1740-51, 2009.
DOI : 10.1039/b819273a

D. Creed, THE PHOTOPHYSICS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NEAR-UV ABSORBING AMINO ACIDS-I. TRYPTOPHAN AND ITS SIMPLE DERIVATIVES, Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol.25, issue.Suppl, pp.537-562, 1984.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03890.x

D. Creed, THE PHOTOPHYSICS AND PHOTOCHEMISTRY OF THE NEAR-UV ABSORBING AMINO ACIDS-II. TYROSINE AND ITS SIMPLE DERIVATIVES, Photochemistry and Photobiology, vol.67, issue.4, pp.563-575, 1984.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1751-1097.1984.tb03891.x

L. B. Clark, Polarization Assignments in the Vacuum UV Spectra of the Primary Amide, Carboxyl, and Peptide Groups, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.117, issue.30, pp.7974-7986, 1995.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00135a017

J. A. Stearns, S. Mercier, C. Seaiby, M. Guidi, O. V. Boyarkin et al., Conformation-Specific Spectroscopy and Photodissociation of Cold, Protonated Tyrosine and Phenylalanine, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.129, issue.38, pp.11814-11820, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/ja0736010

J. Y. Oh, J. H. Moon, and M. S. Kim, Sequence- and site-specific photodissociation at 266 nm of protonated synthetic polypeptides containing a tryptophanyl residue, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.190, issue.191, pp.2706-2712, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.1679

J. Y. Oh, J. H. Moon, and M. S. Kim, Chromophore effect in photodissociation at 266 nm of protonated peptides generated by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI), Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.16, issue.158
DOI : 10.1002/jms.866

]. T. Tabarin, R. Antoine, M. Broyer, and P. Dugourd, Specific photodissociation of peptides with multi-stage mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.124, issue.158, pp.2883-2892, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.2124
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00143850

J. P. Reilly, Ultraviolet photofragmentation of biomolecular ions, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, vol.120, issue.102, pp.425-447, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.20214
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5056644

M. C. Crowe and J. S. Brodbelt, Infrared multiphoton dissociation (IRMPD) and collisionally activated dissociationof peptides in a quadrupole ion trapwith selective IRMPD of phosphopeptides, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.62, issue.11, pp.1581-1592, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2004.07.016

T. Y. Kim, J. C. Schwartz, and J. P. Reilly, Development of a linear ion trap/orthogonaltime-of-flight mass spectrometer for time-dependent observation of product ions by ultraviolet photodissociation of peptide ions, Anal. Chem, issue.21, pp.818809-8817, 2009.

R. Parthasarathi, Y. He, J. P. Reilly, and K. Raghavachari, New Insights into the Vacuum UV Photodissociation of Peptides, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.132, issue.5, pp.1606-1610, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/ja907975v

A. R. Milosavljevi?, F. Canon, C. Nicolas, C. Miron, L. Nahon et al., Gas-Phase Protein Inner-Shell Spectroscopy by Coupling an Ion Trap with a Soft X-ray Beamline, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol.3, issue.9, pp.1191-1196, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/jz300324z

O. Travnikova, C. Miron, M. Bässler, R. Feifel, M. N. Piancastelli et al., Resonant Auger decay study of C1s -pi* core-excited OCS, J. Electron Spectros. Relat. Phenomena, vol.174, pp.1-3100, 2009.

A. Sanchez-gonzalez, T. R. Barillot, R. J. Squibb, P. Koloren?, M. Agaker et al., Auger electron and photoabsorption spectra of glycine in the vicinity of the oxygen Kedge measured with an X-FEL, J. Phys. B At. Mol. Opt. Phys, issue.23, p.48234004, 2015.

L. Journel, R. Guillemin, A. Haouas, P. Lablanquie, F. Penent et al., Resonant double Auger decay in carbon K -shell excitation of CO, Phys. Rev. A -At. Mol. Opt. Phys, vol.77, issue.4, pp.1-14, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00305594

J. H. Eland, P. Linusson, L. Hedin, E. Andersson, J. E. Rubensson et al., Triple ionisation of methane by double Auger and related pathways, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.485, issue.1-3, pp.1-321, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cplett.2009.11.072

S. Pilling, D. P. Andrade, R. B. De-castilho, R. L. Cavasso-filho, A. F. Lago et al., Boechat-Roberty, and A. Naves de Brito. Survival of gas Bibliographie phase amino acids and nucleobases in space radiation conditions, Proc. Int. Astron. Union, pp.4371-376, 2008.

M. Schwell, H. W. Jochims, H. Baumgartel, F. Dulieu, and S. Leach, VUV photochemistry of small biomolecules, Planetary and Space Science, vol.54, issue.11, pp.1073-1085, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pss.2006.05.017

A. R. Milosavljevi?, V. Z. Cerovski, F. Canon, M. L. Rankovic, N. Skoro et al., Energy-Dependent UV Photodissociation of Gas-Phase Adenosine Monophosphate Nucleotide Ions: The Role of a Single Solvent Molecule, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol.5, issue.11, pp.1994-1999, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/jz500696b

O. Gonzalez-magaña, M. Tiemens, G. Reitsma, L. Boschman, M. Door et al., ions, Physical Review A, vol.87, issue.3, pp.1-13, 2013.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.87.032702

F. Canon, A. R. Milosavljevi?, L. Nahon, and A. Giuliani, Action spectroscopy of a protonated peptide in the ultraviolet range, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.12, issue.39, pp.25725-25733, 2015.
DOI : 10.1039/C4CP04762A
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01220053

M. L. Rankovi?, F. Canon, L. Nahon, A. Giuliani, and A. R. Milosavljevi?, VUV action spectroscopy of protonated leucine-enkephalin peptide in the 6-14 eV range, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.143, issue.24, pp.143-2015, 244311.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4939080

A. R. Milosavljevi?, C. Nicolas, J. Lemaire, C. Dehon, R. Thissen et al., Photoionization of a protein isolated in vacuo, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.100, issue.34, pp.1315432-15436, 2011.
DOI : 10.1039/c1cp21211g

A. R. Milosavljevi?, C. Nicolas, M. Lj, F. Rankovi?, C. Canon et al., K-Shell Excitation and Ionization of a Gas-Phase Protein: Interplay between Electronic Structure and Protein Folding, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol.6, issue.16, pp.3132-3138, 2015.
DOI : 10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01288

D. Egorov, L. Schwob, M. Lalande, R. Hoekstra, and T. Schlathölter, Near edge X-ray absorption mass spectrometry of gas phase proteins: the influence of protein size, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.24, issue.37, pp.26213-26223, 2016.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.20012

O. Gonzalez-magaña, G. Reitsma, M. Tiemens, L. Boschman, R. Hoekstra et al., Near-Edge X-ray Absorption Mass Spectrometry of a Gas-Phase Peptide, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.116, issue.44, pp.11610745-10751, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/jp307527b

C. Brunet, R. Antoine, P. Dugourd, D. Duflot, F. Canon et al., Valence shell direct double photodetachment in polyanions, New Journal of Physics, vol.15, issue.6, pp.15-2013
DOI : 10.1088/1367-2630/15/6/063024
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00880436

R. Antoine and P. Dugourd, Visible and ultraviolet spectroscopy of gas phase protein ions, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.130, issue.462, pp.16494-509, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/jp205617x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00676501

V. Gabelica, F. Rosu, T. Tabarin, C. Kinet, R. Antoine et al., Base-Dependent Electron Photodetachment from Negatively Charged DNA Strands upon 260-nm Laser Irradiation, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.129, issue.15, pp.4706-4713, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ja068440z

F. Rosu, V. Gabelica, E. De-pauw, R. Antoine, M. Broyer et al., UV Spectroscopy of DNA Duplex and Quadruplex Structures in the Gas Phase, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.116, issue.22, pp.5383-5391, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/jp302468x

M. A. Halim, M. Girod, L. Macaleese, J. Lemoine, R. Antoine et al., 213 nm Ultraviolet Photodissociation on Peptide Anions: Radical-Directed Fragmentation Patterns, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.347, issue.3, pp.474-486, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s13361-015-1297-5
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01356287

S. I. Smith and J. S. Brodbelt, Characterization of Oligodeoxynucleotides and Modifications by 193 nm Photodissociation and Electron Photodetachment Dissociation, Analytical Chemistry, vol.82, issue.17, pp.7218-7226, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/ac100989q

V. Larraillet, R. Antoine, P. Dugourd, and J. Lemoine, Activated-Electron Photodetachment Dissociation for the Structural Characterization of Protein Polyanions, Analytical Chemistry, vol.81, issue.20, pp.8410-8416, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ac901304d

C. Brunet, R. Antoine, P. Dugourd, F. Canon, A. Giuliani et al., Photo-induced electron detachment of protein polyanions in the VUV range, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.138, issue.6, pp.5-9, 2013.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4790165

R. Antoine, Q. Enjalbert, L. Macaleese, P. Dugourd, A. Giuliani et al., Multiple Electron Ejection from Proteins Resulting from Single-Photon Excitation in the Valence Shell, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol.5, issue.10, pp.1666-1671, 2014.
DOI : 10.1021/jz500489s
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01345021

A. Giuliani, A. R. Milosavljevi?, K. Hinsen, F. Canon, C. Nicolas et al., Structure and Charge-State Dependence of the Gas-Phase Ionization Energy of Proteins, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.65, issue.38, pp.9552-9556, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.201204435
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00727349

B. Boudaïffa, P. Cloutier, D. Hunting, M. A. Huels, and L. Sanche, Resonant Formation of DNA Strand Breaks by Low-Energy (3 to 20 eV) Electrons, Science, vol.80, issue.5458, pp.2871658-1660, 2000.

L. Sanche, Low energy electron-driven damage in biomolecules, The European Physical Journal D, vol.390, issue.2, pp.367-390, 2005.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2005-00206-6

I. Baccarelli, I. Bald, F. A. Gianturco, E. Illenberger, and J. Kopyra, Electron-induced damage of DNA and its components: Experiments and theoretical models, Physics Reports, vol.508, issue.1-2, pp.1-44, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physrep.2011.06.004

H. Abdoul-carime, S. Gohlke, and E. Illenberger, Site-Specific Dissociation of DNA Bases by Slow Electrons at Early Stages of Irradiation, Physical Review Letters, vol.92, issue.16, pp.168103-168104, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.92.168103

S. Ptasinska, S. Denifl, P. Scheier, E. Illenberger, and T. D. Märk, Bond-and site-selective loss of H atoms from nucleobases by very-low-energy electrons (< 3 eV). Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.446941-6943, 2005.

S. Ptasi?ska, S. Denifl, V. Grill, T. D. Märk, P. Scheier et al., Bond-selective H-ion abstraction from thymine. Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.441647-1650, 2005.

S. Denifl, S. Ptasi?ska, M. Probst, J. Hru?ák, P. Scheier et al., Electron Attachment to the Gas-Phase DNA Bases Cytosine and Thymine, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.108, issue.31, pp.6562-6569, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/jp049394x

S. Ptasi?ska, S. Denifl, S. Gohlke, P. Scheier, E. Illenberger et al., Decomposition of Thymidine by Low-Energy Electrons: Implications for the Molecular Mechanisms of Single-Strand Breaks in DNA, Angewandte Chemie International Edition, vol.94, issue.12, pp.451893-1896, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200503930

I. Bald, I. Dabkowska, and E. Illenberger, Probing biomolecules by laser-induced acoustic desorption : Electrons at near zero electron volts trigger sugar-phosphate cleavage. Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.478518-8520, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/anie.200803382

S. Ptasi?ska, S. Denifl, A. Abedi, P. Scheier, and T. D. Märk, Dissociative electron attachment to gas-phase glycine, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.377, issue.7-8, pp.1115-1119, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-003-2254-x

S. Ptasi?ska, S. Denifl, P. Candori, S. Matejcik, P. Scheier et al., Dissociative electron attachment to gas phase alanine, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.403, issue.1-3, pp.1-3107, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cplett.2004.12.115

P. Papp, J. Urban, S. Matejcík, M. Stano, and O. Ingolfsson, Dissociative electron attachment to gas phase valine: A combined experimental and theoretical study, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.125, issue.20, p.204301, 2006.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2400236

P. Sulzer, E. Alizadeh, A. Mauracher, T. D. Märk, and P. Scheier, Detailed dissociative electron attachment studies on the amino acid proline, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.277, issue.1-3, pp.1-3274, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2008.06.001

J. Ko?i?ek, P. Papp, P. Mach, Y. V. Vasil-'ev, M. L. Deinzer et al., Resonance Electron Capture by Serine, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.114, issue.4, pp.1677-1683, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/jp906636b

Y. V. Vasilev, B. J. Figard, J. Morr, and M. L. Deinzer, Fragmentation of peptide negative molecular ions induced by resonance electron capture, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.131, issue.4, pp.1-11, 2009.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3186747

R. A. Zubarev, K. F. Haselmann, B. Budnik, F. Kjeldsen, and F. Jensen, Towards an Understanding of the Mechanism of Electron-Capture Dissociation: A Historical Perspective and Modern Ideas, ChemInform, vol.8, issue.19, pp.337-349, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/chin.200319295

K. Håkansson, R. R. Hudgins, A. G. Marshall, and R. A. Hair, Electron capture dissociation and infrared multiphoton dissociation of oligodeoxynucleotide dications, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.95, issue.196, pp.23-41, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1044-0305(02)00708-0

K. N. Schultz and K. Håkansson, Rapid electron capture dissociation of mass-selectively accumulated oligodeoxynucleotide dications, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.234, issue.1-3, pp.123-1302857, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2004.02.019

D. M. Horn, K. Breuker, A. J. Frank, and F. W. Mclafferty, Kinetic Intermediates in the Folding of Gaseous Protein Ions Characterized by Electron Capture Dissociation Mass Spectrometry, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.123, issue.40, pp.9792-9799, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ja003143u

V. Larraillet, A. Vorobyev, C. Brunet, J. Lemoine, Y. O. Tsybin et al., Comparative dissociation of peptide polyanions by electron impact and photo-induced electron detachment, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.129, issue.256, pp.670-680, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.01.015

B. A. Budnik, K. F. Haselmann, and R. A. Zubarev, Electron detachment dissociation of peptide di-anions: an electron???hole recombination phenomenon, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.342, issue.3-4, pp.3-4299, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2614(01)00501-2

F. Kjeldsen, O. A. Silivra, I. A. Ivonin, K. F. Haselmann, M. Gorshkov et al., C??C Backbone Fragmentation Dominates in Electron Detachment Dissociation of Gas-Phase Polypeptide Polyanions, Chemistry - A European Journal, vol.256, issue.6, pp.1803-1812, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/chem.200400806

J. Yang, J. Mo, J. T. Adamson, and K. Håkansson, Characterization of Oligodeoxynucleotides by Electron Detachment Dissociation Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, vol.77, issue.6, pp.1876-1882, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/ac048415g

B. A. Budnik and R. A. Zubarev, MH2+??? ion production from protonated polypeptides by electron impact: observation and determination of ionization energies and a cross-section, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.316, issue.1-2, pp.19-23, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2614(99)01256-7

B. A. Budnik, Y. O. Tsybin, P. Häkansson, and R. A. Zubarev, Ionization energies of multiply protonated polypeptides obtained by tandem ionization in Fourier transform mass spectrometers, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.117, issue.11, pp.1141-1144, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/jms.376

Y. M. Fung, C. M. Adams, and R. A. Zubarev, Electron Ionization Dissociation of Singly and Multiply Charged Peptides, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.131, issue.29, pp.9977-9985, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ja8087407

M. L. Rankovi?, A. Giuliani, and A. R. Milosavljevi?, Electron impact action spectroscopy of mass/charge selected macromolecular ions: Inner-shell excitation of ubiquitin protein, Applied Physics Letters, vol.108, issue.6, p.2016
DOI : 10.1063/1.4941798

F. Alvarado, S. Bari, R. Hoekstra, and T. Schlathölter, Interactions of neutral and singly charged keV atomic particles with gas-phase adenine molecules, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.127, issue.3, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2751502

S. Maclot, D. G. Piekarski, A. Domaracka, A. Méry, V. Vizcaino et al., Dynamics of Glycine Dications in the Gas Phase: Ultrafast Intramolecular Hydrogen Migration versus Coulomb Repulsion, The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, vol.4, issue.22, pp.3903-3909, 2013.
DOI : 10.1021/jz4020234
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01215222

J. Bernard, R. Brédy, L. Chen, S. Martin, and B. Wei, Relative partial cross-sections and target fragmentation in ion-adenine collisions at 56keV, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.245, issue.1, pp.103-107, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.11.086

B. Li, X. Ma, X. L. Zhu, S. F. Zhang, H. P. Liu et al., ) collisions, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.42, issue.7, p.75204, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/42/7/075204

J. Tabet, S. Eden, S. Feil, H. Abdoul-carime, B. Farizon et al., Mass spectrometry (fragmentation ratios) of DNA base molecules following 80 keV proton impact with separation of direct ionization and electron capture processes, Int. J. Mass Spectrom, vol.292, pp.1-353, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00420084

J. Tabet, S. Eden, S. Feil, H. Abdoul-carime, B. Farizon et al., 20???150-keV proton-impact-induced ionization of uracil: Fragmentation ratios and branching ratios for electron capture and direct ionization, Physical Review A, vol.81, issue.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.81.012711
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00420485

R. Brédy, J. Bernard, L. Chen, B. Wei, A. Salmoun et al., Fragmentation of adenine induced by collision with slow F2+ions, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.235, issue.1-4, pp.392-396, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nimb.2005.03.212

R. Brédy, J. Bernard, L. Chen, M. C. Buchet-poulizac, and S. Martin, Dissociation of charge selected biomolecules induced by electronic capture processes in collisions with positive ions, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, vol.261, issue.1-2, pp.114-117, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nimb.2007.03.024

R. Brédy, J. Bernard, L. Chen, G. Montagne, B. Li et al., Fragmentation of adenine under energy control, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.130, issue.11, p.130, 2009.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3080162

F. Alvarado, J. Bernard, B. Li, R. Brédy, L. Chen et al., Precise Determination of 2-Deoxy-D-Ribose Internal Energies after keV Proton Collisions, ChemPhysChem, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1254-1258, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/cphc.200800110

S. Maclot, D. G. Piekarski, R. Delaunay, A. Domaracka, A. Méry et al., Stability of the glycine cation in the gas phase after interaction with multiply charged ions, The European Physical Journal D, vol.9, issue.6, pp.681-688, 2014.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2014-40819-x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01215239

S. Bari, R. Hoekstra, and T. Schlathölter, Peptide fragmentation by keV ion-induced dissociation, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.128, issue.14, pp.3376-3383, 2010.
DOI : 10.1039/b924145k

S. Bari, R. Hoekstra, and T. Schlathölter, Fast side-chain losses in keV ion-induced dissociation of protonated peptides, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.299, issue.1, pp.64-70, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2010.09.019

S. Martin, C. Ortega, L. Chen, R. Brédy, A. Vernier et al., Electron capture and Bibliographie deprotonation processes observed in collisions between Xe 8 + and multiply protonated cytochrome-C, Phys. Rev. A -At. Mol. Opt. Phys, vol.89, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2014.

F. Alvarado, S. Bari, R. Hoekstra, and T. Schlathölter, -ribose molecules, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.64, issue.16, pp.1922-1930, 2006.
DOI : 10.1039/B517109A
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01357607

T. Schlathölter, F. Alvarado, S. Bari, and R. Hoekstra, Ion-induced ionization and fragmentation of DNA building blocks, Physica Scripta, vol.73, issue.4, pp.113-117, 2006.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-8949/73/4/N01

S. Bari, F. Alvarado, J. Postma, P. Sobocinski, R. Hoekstra et al., Kinetic energy releases of small amino acids upon interaction with keV ions, The European Physical Journal D, vol.51, issue.1, pp.81-87, 2009.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2008-00054-x

B. Coupier, B. Farizon, M. Farizon, M. J. Gaillard, F. Gobet et al., Inelastic interactions of protons and electrons with biologically relevant molecules, The European Physical Journal D, vol.20, issue.3, pp.459-468, 2002.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2002-00166-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00013648

A. N. Agnihotri, S. Kasthurirangan, S. Nandi, A. Kumar, M. E. Galassi et al., Ionization of uracil in collisions with highly charged carbon and oxygen ions of energy 100 keV to 78 MeV, Physical Review A, vol.85, issue.3, pp.85-2012, 32711.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.85.032711

S. Maclot, Stabilité de systèmes complexes d'intérêt biologique sous rayonnements ionisants, 2014.

J. C. Poully, J. Miles, S. De-camillis, A. Cassimi, and J. B. Greenwood, Proton irradiation of DNA nucleosides in the gas phase, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.85, issue.366, pp.7172-7180, 2015.
DOI : 10.1039/C4CP05303F
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01119808

M. Capron, Etude de l'interaction entre ions multichargés et systèmes complexes d'intérêt biologique : effets de l'environnement à l'échelle moléculaire, 2011.

J. B. Fenn, M. Mann, C. K. Meng, S. F. Wong, and C. M. Whitehouse, Electrospray ionization for mass spectrometry of large biomolecules, Science, vol.246, issue.4926, pp.24664-71, 1989.
DOI : 10.1126/science.2675315

J. B. Fenn, M. Mann, C. K. Meng, S. F. Wong, and C. M. Whitehouse, Electrospray ionization-principles and practice, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, vol.61, issue.1, pp.37-70, 1990.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.1280090103

A. J. Heck, Native mass spectrometry: a bridge between interactomics and structural biology, Nature Methods, vol.111, issue.11, pp.927-933, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/nprot.2008.78

T. C. Rohner, N. Lion, and H. H. Girault, Electrochemical and theoretical aspects of electrospray ionisation, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.6, issue.12, p.3056, 2004.
DOI : 10.1039/b316836k

J. V. Iribarne, On the evaporation of small ions from charged droplets, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.64, issue.6, p.2287, 1976.
DOI : 10.1063/1.432536

M. Dole, Molecular Beams of Macroions, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.49, issue.5, p.2240, 1968.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1670391

D. Gerlich, Inhomogeneous RF Fields: A Versatile Tool for the Study of Processes with Slow Ions, 1992.
DOI : 10.1002/9780470141397.ch1

R. T. Kelly, A. V. Tolmachev, J. S. Page, K. Tang, and R. D. Smith, The ion funnel: Theory, implementations, and applications, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, vol.111, pp.294-312, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.20232
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2824015

R. R. Julian, S. R. Mabbett, and M. F. Jarrold, Ion funnels for the masses: Experiments and simulations with a simplified ion funnel, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.225, issue.10, pp.1708-1712, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.06.012

M. E. Belov, M. V. Gorshkov, H. R. Udseth, G. A. Anderson, A. V. Tolmachev et al., Initial implementation of an electrodynamic ion funnel with fourier transform ion cyclotron resonance mass spectrometry, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.67, issue.1, pp.19-23, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00121-X

T. Kim, A. V. Tolmachev, R. Harkewicz, D. C. Prior, G. Anderson et al., Design and Implementation of a New Electrodynamic Ion Funnel, Analytical Chemistry, vol.72, issue.10, pp.722247-2255, 2000.
DOI : 10.1021/ac991412x

A. Luca, S. Schlemmer, I. ?ermák, and D. Gerlich, On the combination of a linear field free trap with a time-of-flight mass spectrometer, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.72, issue.7, pp.2900-2908, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1373666

J. S. Page, A. V. Tolmachev, K. Tang, and R. D. Smith, Theoretical and experimental evaluation of the low m/z transmission of an electrodynamic ion funnel, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.124, issue.4, pp.586-592, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2005.12.013

M. Abramowitz, I. A. Stegun, and D. Miller, Handbook of Mathematical Functions With Formulas, Graphs and Mathematical Tables, 1964.

W. Paul, Electromagnetic traps for charged and neutral particles, Reviews of Modern Physics, vol.62, issue.3, pp.531-542, 1990.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.62.531

D. R. Denison, Operating Parameters of a Quadrupole in a Grounded Cylindrical Housing, Journal of Vacuum Science and Technology, vol.8, issue.1, p.266, 1971.
DOI : 10.1116/1.1316304

F. G. Major, V. N. Gheorghe, and G. Werth, Charged Particke Traps, Physics and Techniques of Charged Particle Field Confinement, 2005.

R. E. March, An Introduction to Quadrupole Ion Trap Mass Spectrometry, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.32, issue.4, pp.351-369, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199704)32:4<351::AID-JMS512>3.0.CO;2-Y

R. Ifflander and G. Werth, Optical Detection of Ions Confined in a rf Quadrupole Trap, Metrologia, vol.13, issue.3, pp.167-170, 1977.
DOI : 10.1088/0026-1394/13/3/017

D. J. Douglas and J. B. French, Collisional focusing effects in radio frequency quadrupoles, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.3, issue.4, pp.398-408, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/1044-0305(92)87067-9

S. Guan and A. G. Marshall, Equilibrium space charge distribution in a quadrupole ion trap, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.57, issue.2, pp.64-711150, 1955.
DOI : 10.1016/1044-0305(94)85038-0

F. Chandezon, B. A. Huber, and C. Ristori, A new???regime Wiley???McLaren time???of???flight mass spectrometer, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.65, issue.11, pp.3344-3353, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1144571

J. Laskin and C. Lifshitz, Kinetic energy release distributions in mass spectrometry, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.89, issue.187, pp.459-478, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/jms.164

E. Liénard, M. Herbane, G. Ban, G. Darius, P. Delahaye et al., Performance of a micro-channel plates position sensitive detector, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.551, issue.2-3, pp.375-386, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2005.06.069

G. W. Fraser, The ion detection efficiency of microchannel plates (MCPs), International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.215, issue.1-3, pp.13-30, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S1387-3806(01)00553-X

I. S. Gilmore and M. P. Seah, Ion detection efficiency in SIMS:, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.202, issue.1-3, pp.217-229, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1387-3806(00)00245-1

J. Oberheide, P. Wilhelms, and M. Zimmer, New results on the absolute ion detection efficiencies of a microchannel plate, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.8, issue.4, pp.351-354, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/8/4/001

A. Giuliani, A. R. Milosavljevi?, F. Canon, and L. Nahon, Contribution of synchrotron radiation to photoactivation studies of biomolecular ions in the gas phase, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, vol.49, issue.6, pp.424-441, 2014.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.21398
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00939803

H. Lioe and R. A. Hair, Comparison of collision-induced dissociation and electron-induced dissociation of singly protonated aromatic amino acids, cystine and related simple peptides using a hybrid linear ion trap???FT-ICR mass spectrometer, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.1764, issue.196, pp.1429-1437, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-007-1535-1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00996368

M. J. Van-stipdonk, E. Schweikert, and M. A. Park, Coincidence measurements in mass spectrometry, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.32, issue.11, pp.1151-1161, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199711)32:11<1151::AID-JMS605>3.0.CO;2-1

A. C. Laurent and . Villari, Mono 1000 : A simple and efficient 2.45 GHz electron cyclotron resonance ion source using a new magnetic structure concept, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.73, issue.2, p.789, 2002.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00012737

C. C. Nelson and J. A. Mccloskey, Collision-induced dissociation of adenine, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.114, issue.10, pp.3661-3668, 1992.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00036a014

R. R. Wu, Y. Chen, and M. T. Rodgers, Mechanisms and energetics for N-glycosidic bond cleavage of protonated 2???-deoxyguanosine and guanosine, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., vol.84, issue.4, pp.2968-2980, 2016.
DOI : 10.1007/S13361-015-1303-Y

S. I. Kotretsou and V. Constantinou-kokotou, Mass spectrometric studies on the fragmentation and structural characterization of aminoacyl derivatives of kanamycin A, Carbohydrate Research, vol.310, issue.1-2, pp.121-127, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-6215(98)00169-4

T. W. Knapman, J. T. Berryman, I. Campuzano, S. A. Harris, and A. E. Ashcroft, Considerations in experimental and theoretical collision cross-section measurements of small molecules using travelling wave ion mobility spectrometry-mass spectrometry, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.298, issue.1-3, pp.1-317, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2009.09.011

A. A. Shvartsburg and M. F. Jarrold, An exact hard-spheres scattering model for the mobilities of polyatomic ions, Chemical Physics Letters, vol.261, issue.1-2, pp.86-91, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0009-2614(96)00941-4

M. F. Mesleh, J. M. Hunter, A. A. Shvartsburg, G. C. Schatz, and M. F. Jarrold, Structural Information from Ion Mobility Measurements:?? Effects of the Long-Range Potential, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.100, issue.40, pp.16082-16086, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/jp961623v

M. Wojdyr, : a general-purpose peak fitting program, Journal of Applied Crystallography, vol.101, issue.102, pp.1126-1128, 2010.
DOI : 10.1107/S0021889810030499

K. Rinn, F. Melchert, and E. Salzborn, collisions, Journal of Physics B: Atomic and Molecular Physics, vol.18, issue.18, pp.3783-3795, 1985.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3700/18/18/019
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-01262841

M. E. Rudd, T. V. Goffe, A. Itoh, and R. D. Dubois, ions, Physical Review A, vol.32, issue.2, pp.829-835, 1985.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevA.32.829

Y. Saintigny, S. Cruet-hennequart, D. H. Hamdi, F. Chevalier, and J. L. Lefaix, Impact of Therapeutic Irradiation on Healthy Articular Cartilage, Radiation Research, vol.183, issue.2, pp.135-146, 2015.
DOI : 10.1667/RR13928.1

M. Maldonado and J. Nam, The Role of Changes in Extracellular Matrix of Cartilage in the Presence of Inflammation on the Pathology of Osteoarthritis, BioMed Research International, vol.25, issue.15, 2013.
DOI : 10.1089/ten.tec.2011.0347

D. H. Vynios, Metabolism of Cartilage Proteoglycans in Health and Disease, BioMed Research International, vol.266, issue.24, 2014.
DOI : 10.1155/2012/471325

F. W. Kotch, I. A. Guzei, and R. T. Raines, -Methylation of Hydroxyproline Residues, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.130, issue.10, pp.2952-2953, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/ja800225k

S. Sakakibara, K. Inouye, K. Shudo, Y. Kishida, Y. Kobayashi et al., Synthesis of (Pro-Hyp-Gly)n of defined molecular weights Evidence for the stabilization of collagen triple helix by hydroxypyroline, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Protein Structure, vol.303, issue.1, pp.198-202, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0005-2795(73)90164-5

K. Jariashvili, B. Madhan, B. Brodsky, A. Kuchava, L. Namicheishvili et al., Uv damage of collagen: Insights from model collagen peptides, Biopolymers, vol.227, issue.3, pp.189-198, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/bip.21725

J. Bella, M. Eaton, B. Brodsky, H. M. Berman-]-d, J. P. Little et al., Crystal and molecular structure of a collagen-like peptide at 1.9 A resolution Infrared Multiphoton Dissociation of Large Multiply Charged Ions for Biomolecule Sequencing, Science Anal. Chem, vol.80, issue.266518218, pp.75-81, 1994.

J. A. Madsen and J. S. Brodbelt, Comparison of infrared multiphoton dissociation and collision-induced dissociation of supercharged peptides in ion traps, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.17, issue.3, pp.349-358, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2008.10.018

B. Paizs and S. Suhai, Fragmentation pathways of protonated peptides, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, vol.65, issue.191, pp.508-548, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.20024

S. M. Kelly, T. J. Jess, and N. C. Price, How to study proteins by circular dichroism, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Proteins and Proteomics, vol.1751, issue.2, pp.1751119-139, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbapap.2005.06.005

W. Gabryelski and L. Li, Photo-induced dissociation of electrospray generated ions in an ion trap/time-of-flight mass spectrometer, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.70, issue.11, p.4192, 1999.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1150051

L. Joly, R. Antoine, M. Broyer, P. Dugourd, and J. Lemoine, Specific UV photodissociation of tyrosyl-containing peptides in multistage mass spectrometry, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.75, issue.6, pp.818-824, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/jms.1222

R. W. Woody and A. Koslowski, Recent developments in the electronic spectroscopy of amides and alpha-helical polypeptides, Biophys. Chem, pp.101-102535, 2002.

J. Lemoine, T. Tabarin, R. Antoine, M. Broyer, and P. Dugourd, UV photodissociation of phospho-seryl-containing peptides: laser stabilization of the phospho-seryl bond with multistage mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.127, issue.3, pp.507-511, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.2333
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00143835

R. Antoine, M. Broyer, J. Chamot-rooke, C. Dedonder, C. Desfrançois et al., Comparison of the fragmentation pattern induced by collisions, laser excitation and electron capture. Influence of the initial excitation, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.16, issue.11, pp.1648-1652, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.2489
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00142161

M. Girod, Z. Sanader, M. Vojkovic, R. Antoine, L. Macaleese et al., UV Photodissociation of Proline-containing Peptide Ions: Insights from Molecular Dynamics, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.159, issue.1, pp.432-443, 2015.
DOI : 10.1007/s13361-014-1038-1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01345987

T. Y. Kim, S. J. Valentine, D. E. Clemmer, and J. P. Reilly, Gas-phase conformation-specific photofragmentation of proline-containing peptide ions, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.35, issue.8, pp.1455-1465, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.04.007

W. D. Bowers, S. S. Delbert, R. L. Hunter, and R. T. Mciver, Fragmentation of oligopeptide ions using ultraviolet laser radiation and Fourier transform mass spectrometry, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.106, issue.23, pp.7288-7289, 1984.
DOI : 10.1021/ja00335a094

D. C. Barbacci and D. H. Russell, Sequence and side-chain specific photofragment (193 nm) ions from protonated substance P by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.22, issue.10, pp.1038-1040, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1044-0305(99)00077-X

J. M. Hettick, D. L. Mccurdy, D. C. Barbacci, and D. H. Russell, Optimization of Sample Preparation for Peptide Sequencing by MALDI-TOF Photofragment Mass Spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, vol.73, issue.22, pp.5378-5386, 2001.
DOI : 10.1021/ac0102157

D. F. Hunt, J. Shabanowitz, I. Yates-john, R. , P. R. Griffin et al., Tandem-quadrupole Fourier transform mass spectrometry of oligopeptides, Analytical Chemistry, vol.57, issue.13, pp.1-10, 1989.
DOI : 10.1021/ac00290a065

J. H. Moon, S. H. Yoon, and M. S. Kim, Photodissociation of singly protonated peptides at 193 nm investigated with tandem time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.101, issue.102, pp.3248-3252, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.2184

S. H. Yoon, J. He, M. S. Moon, and . Kim, Dissociation mechanisms and implication for the presence of multiple conformations for peptide ions with arginine at the C-terminus: time-resolved photodissociation study, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.112, issue.170, pp.45806-814, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/jms.1773

J. A. Madsen, D. R. Boutz, and J. S. Brodbelt, Ultrafast Ultraviolet Photodissociation at 193 nm and its Applicability to Proteomic Workflows, Journal of Proteome Research, vol.9, issue.8, pp.4205-4214, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/pr100515x
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2917496

J. B. Shaw and J. S. Brodbelt, Analysis of protein digests by transmission-mode desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry with ultraviolet photodissociation, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.308, issue.2-3, pp.203-208, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2011.08.030

M. S. Thompson, W. Cui, and J. P. Reilly, Fragmentation of singly charged peptide ions by photodissociation at lambda = 157 nm. Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.434791-4794, 2004.

T. Y. Kim, M. S. Thompson, and J. P. Reilly, Peptide photodissociation at 157 nm in a linear ion trap mass spectrometer, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.16, issue.12, pp.1657-1665, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.1969

L. Zhang and J. P. Reilly, Radical-driven dissociation of odd-electron peptide radical ions produced in 157 nm photodissociation, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.195, issue.196, pp.1378-1390, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.03.026

T. Schlathölter and R. Hoekstra, Action Spectroscopy of Gas-Phase Peptide Ions with Energetic Photons, Photophysics Ion. Biochromophores, pp.155-180, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-40190-9_11

S. Bari, O. Gonzalez-magaña, G. Reitsma, J. Werner, S. Schippers et al., Photodissociation of protonated leucine-enkephalin in the VUV range of 8???40 eV, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.134, issue.2, p.134, 2011.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3515301

J. H. Moon, S. H. Yoon, Y. J. Bae, and M. S. Kim, Dissociation kinetics of singly protonated leucine enkephalin investigated by time-resolved photodissociation tandem mass spectrometry, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.74, issue.7, pp.1151-1158, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2010.03.025

A. R. Milosavljevi?, C. Nicolas, J. F. Gil, F. Canon, M. Réfrégiers et al., VUV synchrotron radiation : A new activation technique for tandem mass spectrometry Photodissociation and dissociative photoionization mass spectrometry of proteins and noncovalent protein-ligand complexes. Angew. Chemie -Int, J. Synchrotron Radiat, vol.19185, issue.232, pp.174-178, 2012.

O. Gonzalez-magaña, G. Reitsma, S. Bari, R. Hoekstra, and T. Schlathölter, Length effects in VUV photofragmentation of protonated peptides, Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, vol.338, issue.13, pp.4351-4355, 2012.
DOI : 10.1039/c2cp23470j

C. Brunet, Photodétachement d'électron de polyanions : aspects fondamentaux et applications en spéctrométrie de masse, 2012.

S. Bari, The influence of peptide structure on fragmentation pathways, 2010.

J. Bahrdt, W. Frentrup, A. Gaupp, M. Scheer, W. Gudat et al., A quasi-periodic hybrid undulator at BESSY II, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.467, issue.468, pp.467-468130, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00236-4

G. Reichardt, J. Bahrdt, J. S. Schmidt, W. Gudat, A. Ehresmann et al., A 10 m-normal incidence monochromator at the quasi-periodic undulator U125-2 at BESSY II, Nucl. Instruments Methods Phys. Res. Sect. A Accel. Spectrometers, Detect. Assoc. Equip, pp.467-468462, 2001.

. Helmholtz-zentrum-berlin-für-materialien-und-energie, The U125-2 NIM beamline at BESSY II, J. large-scale Res. Facil, vol.2, p.53, 2016.

O. Plekan, V. Feyer, R. Richter, M. Coreno, M. De-simone et al., Investigation of the Amino Acids Glycine, Proline, and Methionine by Photoemission Spectroscopy, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.111, issue.43, pp.10998-11005, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp075384v

K. J. Sawhney, F. Senf, and W. Gudat, PGM beamline with constant energy resolution mode for U49-2 undulator at BESSY-II, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.467, issue.468, pp.467-468466, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-9002(01)00360-6

. Helmholtz-zentrum-berlin-für-materialien-und-energie, The plane grating monochromator beamline U49/2 PGM1 at BESSY II, J. large-scale Res. Facil, vol.2, p.72, 2016.

Y. Zubavichus, A. Shaporenko, M. Grunze, and M. Zharnikov, Innershell Absorption Spectroscopy of Amino Acids at All Relevant Absorption Edges, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.109, issue.32, pp.6998-7000, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/jp0535846

O. Plekan, V. Feyer, R. Richter, M. Coreno, M. De-simone et al., An X-ray absorption study of glycine, methionine and proline, Journal of Electron Spectroscopy and Related Phenomena, vol.155, issue.1-3, pp.1-347, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elspec.2006.11.004

Y. Zubavichus, A. Shaporenko, M. Grunze, and M. Zharnikov, Is X-ray Absorption Spectroscopy Sensitive to the Amino Acid Composition of Functional Proteins?, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.112, issue.15, pp.4478-4480, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/jp801248n

Y. Zubavichus, A. Shaporenko, M. Grunze, and M. Zharnikov, NEXAFS spectroscopy of biological molecules: From amino acids to functional proteins, Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment, vol.603, issue.1-2, pp.111-114, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.nima.2008.12.171

D. H. Hamdi, S. Barbieri, F. Chevalier, J. E. Groetz, F. Legendre et al., In vitro engineering of human 3D chondrosarcoma: a preclinical model relevant for investigations of radiation quality impact, BMC Cancer, vol.763, issue.1 Suppl, p.579, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mrrev.2014.11.008
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01315021

D. H. Hamdi, F. Chevalier, J. E. Groetz, F. Durantel, J. Y. Thuret et al., Comparable Senescence Induction in Three-dimensional Human Cartilage Model by??Exposure to Therapeutic Doses of X-rays or??C-ions, International Journal of Radiation Oncology*Biology*Physics, vol.95, issue.1, pp.139-146, 2016.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2016.02.014
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01315036

Z. Wu, C. Fenselau, and R. G. Cooks, Gas-phase basicities and proton affinities of lysine and histidine measured from the dissociation of proton-bound dimers, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.34, issue.9, pp.777-780, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.1290080923

S. Mezzache, C. Pepe, P. Karoyan, F. Fournier, and J. C. Tabet, Proton affinity of diastereoisomers of modified prolines using the kinetic method and density functional theory calculations: role of thecis/trans substituent on theendo/exo ring conformation, Rapid Communications in Mass Spectrometry, vol.39, issue.196, pp.2279-2283, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/rcm.2049

J. A. Loo, C. G. Edmonds, and R. D. Smith, Tandem mass spectrometry of very large molecules. 2. Dissociation of multiply charged proline-containing proteins from electrospray ionization, Analytical Chemistry, vol.65, issue.4, pp.425-463, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/ac00052a020

T. Vaisar and J. Urban, Probing Proline Effect in CID of Protonated Peptides, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.31, issue.10, pp.1185-1187, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199610)31:10<1185::AID-JMS396>3.0.CO;2-Q

R. N. Grewal, H. Aribi, A. G. Harrison, K. W. Siu, and A. C. Hopkinson, Fragmentation of Protonated Tripeptides:?? The Proline Effect Revisited, The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, vol.108, issue.15, pp.4899-4908, 2004.
DOI : 10.1021/jp031093k

H. Lioe, J. Laskin, G. E. Reid, and R. A. Hair, Energetics and Dynamics of the Fragmentation Reactions of Protonated Peptides Containing Methionine Sulfoxide or Aspartic Acid via Energy- and Time-Resolved Surface Induced Dissociation, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.111, issue.42, pp.11110580-10588, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/jp073040z

W. Yu, J. E. Vath, M. C. Huberty, and S. Martin, Identification of the facile gas-phase cleavage of the Asp-Pro and Asp-Xxx peptide bonds in matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry, Analytical Chemistry, vol.65, issue.21, pp.653015-3023, 1993.
DOI : 10.1021/ac00069a014

R. Bakhtiar, Q. Wu, S. A. Hofstadler, and R. D. Smith, Charge state specific facile gas-phase cleavage of Asp 75-met 76 peptide bond in the ??-chain of human apohemoglobin probed by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry, Biological Mass Spectrometry, vol.111, issue.11, pp.707-7105411, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/bms.1200231110

W. D. Price, P. D. Schnier, R. A. Jockusch, E. F. Strittmatter, and E. R. Williams, Unimolecular Reaction Kinetics in the High-Pressure Limit without Collisions, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.118, issue.43, pp.10640-10644, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/ja961812r

T. Yalcin and A. G. Harrison, Ion Chemistry of Protonated Lysine Derivatives, Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.31, issue.11, pp.1237-1243, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1096-9888(199611)31:11<1237::AID-JMS416>3.0.CO;2-P

B. Balta, V. Aviyente, and C. Lifshitz, Elimination of water from the carboxyl group of GlyGlyH+, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.97, issue.191, pp.1192-1203, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1044-0305(03)00479-3

A. M. Betancourt, L. H. Coutinho, R. B. Bernini, C. E. De-moura, A. B. Rocha et al., ), The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.144, issue.11, p.144114305, 2016.
DOI : 10.1063/1.4944084

A. Giuliani, A. R. Milosavljevi?, K. Hinsen, F. Canon, C. Nicolas et al., Structure and charge-state dependence of the gas-phase ionization energy of proteins. Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.519552-9556, 2012.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00727349

M. Xu, W. K. Tang, X. Mu, Y. Ling, C. K. Siu et al., ??-Radical-induced CO2 loss from the aspartic acid side chain of the collisionally induced tripeptide aspartylglycylarginine radical cation, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.390, pp.56-62, 2015.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2015.06.002

T. W. Chung, R. Hui, A. Ledvina, J. J. Coon, and F. Turecek, Cascade Dissociations of Peptide Cation-Radicals. Part 1. Scope and Effects of Amino Acid Residues in Penta-, Nona-, and Decapeptides, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.89, issue.8, pp.1336-1350, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s13361-012-0408-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00880183

J. Laskin, J. H. Futrell, and I. K. Chu, Is Dissociation of Peptide Radical Cations an Ergodic Process?, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.129, issue.31, pp.9598-9599, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/ja073748r

M. M. Savitski, M. L. Nielsen, and R. A. Zubarev, Side-Chain Losses in Electron Capture Dissociation To Improve Peptide Identification, Analytical Chemistry, vol.79, issue.6, pp.2296-2302, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/ac0619332

C. L. Kalcic, T. C. Gunaratne, A. D. Jones, M. Dantus, and G. E. Reid, Femtosecond Laser-Induced Ionization/Dissociation of Protonated Peptides, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.131, issue.3, pp.940-942, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/ja8089119

Q. Sun, H. Nelson, T. Ly, B. M. Stoltz, and R. R. Julian, Side Chain Chemistry Mediates Backbone Fragmentation in Hydrogen Deficient Peptide Radicals, Journal of Proteome Research, vol.8, issue.2, pp.958-966, 2009.
DOI : 10.1021/pr800592t
URL : http://authors.library.caltech.edu/14471/2/Sun2009p19010.1021pr800592t_supp.pdf

J. Laskin, Z. Yang, C. M. Ng, and I. K. Chu, Fragmentation of ??-radical cations of arginine-containing peptides, Journal of the American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.109, issue.4, pp.511-521, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jasms.2009.12.021

H. B. Oh and B. Moon, Radical-driven peptide backbone dissociation tandem mass spectrometry, Mass Spectrometry Reviews, vol.72, issue.250, pp.116-132, 2015.
DOI : 10.1002/mas.21426

C. L. Kalcic, G. E. Reid, V. V. Lozovoy, and M. Dantus, Mechanism Elucidation for Nonstochastic Femtosecond Laser-Induced Ionization/Dissociation: From Amino Acids to Peptides, The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, vol.116, issue.11, pp.2764-2774, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/jp208421d

R. A. Zubarev and H. Yang, Multiple soft ionization of gas-phase proteins and swift backbone dissociation in collisions with > 99 eV electrons. Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.491439-1441, 2010.

R. D. Molloy, A. Danielsson, L. Karlsson, and J. H. Eland, Double photoionisation spectra of small molecules and a new empirical rule for double ionisation energies, Chemical Physics, vol.335, issue.1, pp.49-54, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemphys.2007.03.016

T. Ly and R. R. Julian, with Site Specific Photoinitiated Radical Reactions, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.132, issue.25, pp.8602-8609, 2010.
DOI : 10.1021/ja910665d
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2907658

Y. Sugita and Y. Okamoto, Replica-exchange molecular dynamics method for protein folding. Chemi, pp.141-151, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/s0009-2614(99)01123-9

A. G. Harrison, Effect of the Identity of Xaa on the Fragmentation Modes of Doubly-Protonated Ala-Ala-Xaa-Ala-Ala-Ala-Arg, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.34, issue.5, pp.906-911, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s13361-011-0091-2

A. G. Harrison, Pathways for Water Loss from Doubly Protonated Peptides Containing Serine or Threonine, Journal of The American Society for Mass Spectrometry, vol.28, issue.1, pp.116-123, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s13361-011-0282-x

P. Neta, Q. L. Pu, X. Yang, and S. E. Stein, Consecutive neutral losses of H2O and C2H4O from N-Terminal Thr???Thr and Thr???Ser in collision-induced dissociation of protonated peptides, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.267, issue.1-3, pp.295-301, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijms.2007.02.055

K. Gupta, M. Kumar, K. Chandrashekara, K. S. Krishnan, and P. Balaram, Combined Electron Transfer Dissociation???Collision-Induced Dissociation Fragmentation in the Mass Spectrometric Distinction of Leucine, Isoleucine, and Hydroxyproline Residues in Peptide Natural Products, Journal of Proteome Research, vol.11, issue.2, pp.515-522, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/pr200091v

T. J. Jørgensen, D. Delforge, J. Remacle, G. Bojesen, and P. Roepstorff, Collision-induced dissociation of noncovalent complexes between vancomycin antibiotics and peptide ligand stereoisomers: evidence for molecular recognition in the gas phase, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.188, issue.1-2, pp.63-85, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14282-3

G. Chen, R. Graham-cooks, D. M. Bunk, M. J. Welch, and J. R. Christie, Partitioning of kinetic energy to internal energy in the low energy collision-induced dissociations of proton-bound dimers of polypeptides, International Journal of Mass Spectrometry, vol.185, issue.187, pp.75-90, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1387-3806(98)14078-2

L. Feketeová, R. A. O-'hairandrés, and M. P. Fülscher, Multiply protonated betaine clusters are stable in the gas phase Theoretical study of the electronic spectroscopy of peptides. 1. The peptidic bond : Primary, secondary, and tertiary amides, Chem. Commun. J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.118, issue.4048, pp.4942-494412190, 1996.

L. Serrano-andrés and M. P. Füscher, -Acetylglycine, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.118, issue.48, pp.12200-12206, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/ja9619972

K. Kameta, K. Muramatsu, S. Machida, N. Kouchi, and Y. Hatano, Photoabsorption, photoionization and neutral-dissociation cross sections of cyclopropane in the photon energy range of 10-24 eV, Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics, vol.32, issue.11, pp.322719-2728, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0953-4075/32/11/318

E. Lindholm, L. Asbrink, and S. Ljunggren, Energies of .sigma.* orbitals, The Journal of Physical Chemistry, vol.95, issue.10, pp.3923-3941, 1991.
DOI : 10.1021/j100163a009

H. Basch, M. B. Robin, N. A. Kuebler, C. Baker, and D. W. Turner, Optical and Photoelectron Spectra of Small Rings. III. The Saturated Three???Membered Rings, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.51, issue.1, p.52, 1969.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1671770

Y. Hatano, Interaction of photons with molecules - cross-sections for photoabsorption, photoionization, and photodissociation, Radiation and Environmental Biophysics, vol.38, issue.4, pp.239-286, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004110050164

A. P. Arachchilage, F. Wang, V. Feyer, O. Plekan, and K. C. Prince, Correlation of electronic structures of three cyclic dipeptides with their photoemission spectra, The Journal of Chemical Physics, vol.133, issue.17, p.174319, 2010.
DOI : 10.1063/1.3499740

A. R. Milosavljevi?, V. Z. Cerovski, F. Canon, L. Nahon, and A. Giuliani, Nanosolvationinduced stabilization of a protonated peptide dimer isolated in the Gas phase. Angew. Chemie -Int, pp.527286-7290, 2013.

A. R. Milosavljevi?, V. Z. Cerovski, M. L. Rankovi?, F. Canon, L. Nahon et al., VUV photofragmentation of protonated leucine-enkephalin peptide dimer below ionization energy, The European Physical Journal D, vol.181, issue.3, pp.681-687, 2014.
DOI : 10.1140/epjd/e2014-40826-y