N. , E. Caraglio, Y. Pélissier, R. Leroy, C. Roggy et al., Epicormic Branches: a Growth Indicator for the Tropical Forest Tree, Dicorynia guianensis Amshoff (Caesalpiniaceae), Ann Bot, vol.92, pp.97-105, 2003.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032037

P. , L. Bongers, and F. , Leaf traits are good predictors of plant performance across 53 rain forest species, Ecology, vol.87, pp.1733-1743, 2006.

R. , C. Andrade, J. Simá, J. L. Us-santamaría, R. Jackson et al., Sapwood to heartwood ratio affects whole-tree water use in dry forest legume and non-legume trees, Trees, vol.26, pp.1317-1330, 2012.

R. , A. D. Carbone, M. S. Keenan, T. F. Czimczik, C. I. Hollinger et al., Seasonal dynamics and age of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest trees, New Phytologist, vol.197, pp.850-861, 2013.

R. , A. D. Carbone, M. S. Huggett, B. A. Furze, M. E. Czimczik et al., Distribution and mixing of old and new nonstructural carbon in two temperate trees, New Phytologist, vol.206, pp.590-597, 2015.

R. , E. Barthélémy, D. Blanc, L. Nicolini, and E. , Crown fragmentation assessment in tropical trees: Method, insights and perspectives, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.261, pp.400-407, 2011.

S. , D. Prevost, M. F. Schippers, P. Vlam, M. Zuidema et al., Quelques données sur la composition floristique, et la diversite des peuplements forestiers de guyane francaise Sapwood allocation in tropical trees: a test of hypotheses, Functional Plant Biology, vol.42, pp.697-709, 1990.

S. , F. G. Bucci, S. J. Goldstein, G. Meinzer, F. C. Franco et al., Biophysical properties and functional significance of stem water storage tissues in Neotropical savanna trees, Plant Cell Environ, vol.30, pp.236-248, 2007.

S. , E. D. ?ermák, J. Matyssek, M. Penka, M. Zimmermann et al., Canopy transpiration and water fluxes in the xylem of the trunk of Larix and Picea trees ? a comparison of xylem flow, porometer and cuvette measurements, Oecologia, vol.66, pp.475-483, 1985.

A. N. Schutz, W. Bond, and M. Cramer, Defoliation depletes the carbohydrate reserves of resprouting Acacia saplings in an African savanna, Plant Ecology, vol.24, issue.12, pp.2047-2055, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s11258-010-9883-x

S. , S. C. Van-pelt, R. Koch, G. W. Ambrose, A. R. Carroll et al., Increasing wood production through old age in tall trees, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.259, pp.976-994, 2010.

S. , R. Gartner, and B. L. , The effects of cambial age and position within the stem on specific conductivity in Douglas-fir (Pseudotsuga menziesii) sapwood, Trees, vol.15, pp.222-229, 2001.

O. Néanmoins, H. Dénote-une-corrélation-négative-entre, and H. , avec le gradient vertical d'ID (µOldR3/µOldR1), suggérant que plus l'arbre est grand et élancé, plus la variation verticale d'ID sera faible

. La-phylogénie-provient-de-baraloto, Les données de densité sous écorce proviennent de la base de données BRIDGE (disponible sur www.try-db.org) La valeur ancestrale de l'infradensité est affichée sur chaque noeud, 2012.

. Viii, Annexe 8 : Ajustement des modèles linéaires à effet mixtes chez les Légumineuses présentant un duramen non coloré ou pour lesquelles la quantité d'extractibles est connue

. Vert, sous-fourche ; Orange, mi-couronne : Rouge, haut-couronne

E. /. Effet-de-la-duraminisation-sur-la-relation-entre-tan? and L. , amortissement (tan?) est négativement relié au module spécifique (E/?) L'analyse de covariance mettant en relation tan? et log(E/?) avec le type de bois (aubier ou duramen) comme covariant révèle que le type de bois n'a pas d'effet sur la pente de la relation (-0.0084 pour l'aubier,-0.0077 pour le duramen, F=0.687, p-v = 0.4) mais a un effet significatif sur l'intercept (0.035 pour l', pp.0-001

A. Ce-jour, deux arbres étêtés sont encore sur pied et seront abattus plus tard. La réactivité de l'aubier de l'Angélique est en mettre en lien avec sa forte teneur en extrait (Chapitre II) Cette forte teneur en extrait de l'aubier pousse à classer l'Angélique dans les essences à duraminisation de type-Juglans chez lesquelles l

A. , N. Nigg, M. Thibaut, B. Beauchene, and J. , Diversity of decay resistance strategies of durable tropical woods species: Bocoa prouacencsis Aublet, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.94, pp.103-108, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01321162

A. , N. Beauchene, J. Fournier, M. Janin, G. Thevenon et al., Decay resistance in Dicorynia guianensis Amsh.: analysis of inter-tree and intra-tree variability and relations with wood colour, Annals of forest science, vol.61, pp.373-380, 2004.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00883762

T. R. Baker, O. L. Phillips, Y. Malhi, S. Almeida, L. Arroyo et al., Variation in wood density determines spatial patterns inAmazonian forest biomass, Global Change Biology, vol.30, issue.5, pp.545-562, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00468-002-0173-7

B. , R. K. Humphreys, and F. R. , Variations in sapwood starch levels in some australian forest species, Australian Forestry, vol.29, pp.15-23, 1965.

B. , R. K. Fukazawa, and K. , Sapwood and heartwood: a review, Forestry abstracts, vol.46, pp.567-580, 1985.

C. Baraloto, O. J. Hardy, C. E. Paine, K. G. Dexter, C. Cruaud et al., Using functional traits and phylogenetic trees to examine the assembly of tropical tree communities, Journal of Ecology, vol.428, issue.3, pp.690-701, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2745.2012.01966.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032423

B. , S. Kokutse, A. D. Stokes, A. Fourcaud, and T. , Irregular Heartwood Formation in Maritime Pine (Pinus pinaster Ait):Consequences for Biomechanical and Hydraulic Tree Functioning, Ann Bot, vol.87, pp.19-25, 2001.

B. , O. Demenois, J. Lecoeur, N. Guitet, and S. , Directive Regionale d'Aménagement Nord Guyane, Office National des Forêts, 2009.

M. &. Busgen and E. Munch, The Structure and Life of Forest Trees, Soil Science, vol.29, issue.2, 1929.
DOI : 10.1097/00010694-193002000-00007

C. , M. S. Czimczik, C. I. Keenan, T. F. Murakami, P. F. Pederson et al., Age, allocation and availability of nonstructural carbon in mature red maple trees, New Phytologist, vol.200, pp.1145-1155, 2013.

C. , J. Coomes, D. Jansen, S. Lewis, S. L. Swenson et al., Towards a worldwide wood economics spectrum, Ecology Letters, vol.12, pp.351-366, 2009.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00371231

C. , J. Andalo, C. Brown, S. Cairns, M. A. Chambers et al., Tree allometry and improved estimation of carbon stocks and balance in tropical forests, Oecologia, vol.145, pp.87-99, 2005.

C. , J. Réjou-méchain, M. Búrquez, A. Chidumayo, E. Colgan et al., Improved allometric models to estimate the aboveground biomass of tropical trees, Global Change Biology, vol.20, pp.3177-3190, 2014.

C. , J. M. Muller-landau, H. C. Baker, T. R. Easdale, T. A. Steege et al., Regional and phylogenetic variation of wood density across 2456 neotropical tree species, Ecological Applications, vol.16, pp.2356-2367, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00132042

C. , J. S. Bell, D. M. Hersh, M. H. Kwit, M. C. Moran et al., Individualscale variation, species-scale differences: inference needed to understand diversity, Ecology Letters, vol.14, pp.1273-1287, 2011.

D. Castro, F. Williamson, G. B. De-jesus, and R. , Radial Variation in the Wood Specific Gravity of Joannesia princeps: The Roles of Age and Diameter, Biotropica, vol.25, issue.2, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/2389181

D. , A. Laurans, F. Arnaud, D. Breton, C. Pilate et al., Wood formation in Angiosperms, Comptes Rendus Biologies, vol.333, pp.325-334, 2010.

D. , P. Barbier, and C. , Rythmes de croissance de quelques essences de Guyane Française, Revue Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, vol.217, pp.63-76, 1988.

D. and P. Paquis, Tentative de délimitation du bois juvénile dans trois Eucalyptus hybrides du Congo, 1989.

D. , P. Jacquet, P. Mariaux, and A. , Manuel d'identification des bois tropicaux: Guyane française, 1982.

F. , M. Amusant, N. Beauchene, J. Mouras, and S. , Qualité des bois de Guyane, Revue Forestière Française, vol.55, pp.340-351, 2003.

F. , M. Dlouha, J. Jaouen, G. Almeras, and T. , Integrative biomechanics for tree ecology: beyond wood density and strength, Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00909904

G. , S. Guehl, J. M. Laroussinie, and O. , Ecology & management of a neotropical rainforest. Lessons drawn from Paracou, a long-term experimental research site in French Guiana, 2004.

G. , S. De-coligny, and F. , AMAPstudio: An editing and simulation software suite for plants architecture modelling, Ecological Modelling, vol.290, pp.3-10, 2014.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01268810

G. , S. Brunauc, O. Traissac, and S. , Sylviculture pour la production de bois d'oeuvre des forêts du Nord de la Guyane « Etat des connaissances et recommandations », 2014.

H. , B. Beauchêne, J. Muller, F. Wagner, F. Baraloto et al., Modeling decay rates of dead wood in a neotropical forest, Oecologia, vol.164, pp.243-251, 2010.

H. , B. Bachelot, B. Poorter, L. Rossi, V. Bongers et al., Functional traits shape ontogenetic growth trajectories of rain forest tree species, Journal of Ecology, vol.99, pp.1431-1440, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01032387

H. , P. Valencia, R. Joseph-wright, and S. , Strong radial variation in wood density follows a uniform pattern in two neotropical rain forests, Functional Ecology, vol.27, pp.684-692, 2013.

H. , W. E. Humphreys, F. R. Bamber, R. K. Carle, and A. , Factors Influencing the Formation of Phloem and Heartwood Polyphenols Part II. The Availability of Stored and Translocated Carbohydrate, pp.114-121, 1962.

J. , T. Pavoine, S. Devillard, S. Pontier, and D. , Putting phylogeny into the analysis of biological traits: A methodological approach, Journal of Theoretical Biology, vol.264, pp.693-701, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00591239

K. , A. Magel, and E. , New Insights into Heartwood and Heartwood Formation, Cellular Aspects of Wood Formation, pp.71-95, 2013.

K. , S. Rials, T. Snell, R. Groom, L. Sluiter et al., Use of near infrared spectroscopy to measure the chemical and mechanical properties of solid wood, Wood Science and Technology, vol.38, pp.257-276, 2004.

K. , G. Tumbull, C. Podger, and F. , Effect of`Regrowthof`Regrowth Dieback' on some properties of Eucalyptus obliqua trees, Australian Journal for Research, vol.11, pp.55-62, 1981.

K. , F. F. Côté, and W. A. , Principles of Wood Science and Technology: Solid wood, 1984.

L. , B. Mcculloh, and K. A. , Traits, properties, and performance: how woody plants combine hydraulic and mechanical functions in a cell, tissue, or whole plant, 2014.

L. , B. Moore, J. Evans, and R. , Radial Variation in Wood Structure and Function in Woody Plants, and Hypotheses for Its Occurrence, Size-and Age-Related Changes in Tree Structure and Function, pp.121-164, 2011.

L. , W. F. Curran, and T. J. , Impacts of wind disturbance on fragmented tropical forests: A review and synthesis, Austral Ecology, vol.33, pp.399-408, 2008.

L. , S. Sousa, V. Pereira, and H. , Radial variation of vessel size and distribution in cork oak wood (Quercus suber L, Science and Technology, vol.41, pp.339-350, 2007.

M. , L. Poorter, L. Paz, H. Sack, L. Bongers et al., Ecological differentiation in xylem cavitation resistance is associated with stem and leaf structural traits, Plant, Cell & Environment, vol.34, pp.137-148, 2011.

M. , H. I. Estrada-ruiz, E. Castañeda-posadas, C. Woodcock, and D. , Wood specific gravity estimation based on wood anatomical traits: Inference of key ecological characteristics in fossil assemblages, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.187, pp.1-10, 2012.

M. , J. P. Zhang, T. Bardet, S. Beauchêne, J. Thibaut et al., The decreasing radial wood stiffness pattern of some tropical trees growing in the primary forest is reversed and increases when they are grown in a plantation, Annals of forest science, vol.68, pp.681-688, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00644335

M. , B. Scheckler, S. E. Wendt, and J. , Archaeopteris is the earliest known modern tree, Nature, vol.398, pp.700-701, 1999.

M. , B. Soria, A. Decombeix, and A. , The land plant cover in the Devonian: a reassessment of the evolution of the tree habit, pp.59-70, 2010.

M. , J. F. Sabatier, and D. , Tree diversity in tropical rain forests: a validation of the intermediate disturbance hypothesis, Science, vol.294, pp.1702-1704, 2001.

M. , H. Lehnebach, and R. , En préparation. Longitudinal/radial variation in wood specific gravity during the development of Parkia velutina Benoist, an emergent tree of Neotropical rainforests, Annals of forest science

N. , F. B. Amusant, N. Charpentier, J. Chaix, G. Baissac et al., Relationships between biochemical attributes (non-structural carbohydrates and phenolics) and natural durability against fungi in dry teak wood (Tectona grandis L. f.), Annals of forest science, vol.68, pp.201-211, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00930757

N. , C. A. Geihofer, D. Grabner, M. Baker, P. J. Bunyavejchewin et al., Wood density and its radial variation in six canopy tree species differing in shade-tolerance in western Thailand, Ann Bot, vol.104, pp.297-306, 2009.

O. , O. L. Wright, S. J. Zanne, and A. E. , Radial variation in wood specific gravity of tropical tree species differing in growth?mortality strategies, American Journal of Botany, vol.101, pp.803-811, 2014.

R. , A. D. Carbone, M. S. Keenan, T. F. Czimczik, C. I. Hollinger et al., Seasonal dynamics and age of stemwood nonstructural carbohydrates in temperate forest trees, New Phytologist, vol.197, pp.850-861, 2013.

R. , A. D. Carbone, M. S. Huggett, B. A. Furze, M. E. Czimczik et al., Distribution and mixing of old and new nonstructural carbon in two temperate trees, New Phytologist, vol.206, pp.590-597, 2015.

R. , H. A. Leopold, and A. C. , Ethylene and the Regulation of Apple Stem Growth under Stress, Physiologia Plantarum, vol.32, pp.301-304, 1974.

R. , N. P. Speck, and T. , Biomechanical Characteristics of the Ontogeny and Growth Habit of the Tropical Liana Condylocarpon guianense (Apocynaceae), International Journal of Plant Sciences, vol.157, pp.406-417, 1996.

S. , T. Ohtani, J. Fukazawa, and K. , The occurence and morphology of tyloses and gums in the vessels of japanese hardwoods, IAWA Journal, vol.14, pp.359-371, 1993.

S. , C. Patiño, S. Paine, C. E. Beauchêne, J. Thibaut et al., Withinindividual variation of trunk and branch xylem density in tropical trees, American Journal of Botany, vol.98, pp.140-149, 2011.

S. , L. Hillis, and W. E. , Ethylene production in xylem of Pinus radiata in relation to heartwood formation, Canadian Journal of Botany, vol.51, pp.1331-1335, 1973.

S. , S. C. Van-pelt, R. Koch, G. W. Ambrose, A. R. Carroll et al., Increasing wood production through old age in tall trees, Forest Ecology and Management, vol.259, pp.976-994, 2010.

A. J. Stamm, SHRINKING and SWELLING of WOOD, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry, vol.27, issue.4, pp.401-406, 1935.
DOI : 10.1021/ie50304a011

A. J. Stamm, Surface properties of cellulosic materials, pp.691-814, 1952.

S. , F. J. Martínez-vilalta, J. Mencuccini, M. Cochard, H. Gerrits et al., Understanding trait interactions and their impacts on growth in Scots pine branches across Europe, Functional Ecology, vol.26, pp.541-549, 2012.

T. , A. Freitag, C. Cadot, E. Morrell, and J. , Potential of near infrared spectroscopy to assess hotwater-soluble extractive content and decay resistance of a tropical hardwood, Holz als Roh-und Werkstoff, vol.66, pp.107-111, 2008.

T. , A. M. Gartner, B. L. Morrell, and J. J. , Heartwood Formation and Natural Durability -A Review, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.34, pp.587-611, 2002.

T. Steege, H. Pitman, N. C. Sabatier, D. Baraloto, C. Salomão et al., Hyperdominance in the Amazonian Tree Flora, Science, vol.342, issue.6156, 2013.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1243092

T. , B. Bailleres, H. Chanson, and B. Fournier-djimbi, Plantations d'arbres à croissance rapide et qualité des produits forestiers sous les tropiques, Bois et Forêts des Tropiques, vol.252, pp.49-54, 1997.

H. A. Van-gelder, L. Poorter, and F. J. Sterck, Wood mechanics, allometry, and life-history variation in a tropical rain forest tree community, New Phytologist, vol.13, issue.2, pp.367-378, 2006.
DOI : 10.2307/2996210

R. Van-pelt and S. C. Sillett, , INCLUDING A CONCEPTUAL MODEL FOR TALL CONIFERS, Ecological Monographs, vol.43, issue.2, pp.283-311, 2008.
DOI : 10.1139/x02-031

W. , M. &. Williamson, and G. , Extreme Radial Changes in Wood Specific Gravity in Some Tropical Pioneers, Wood and Fiber Science, vol.20, pp.344-349, 1988.

W. , M. C. Williamson, and G. B. , Radial Gradients in the Specific Gravity of Wood in Some Tropical and Temperate Trees, Forest Science, vol.35, pp.197-210, 1989.

W. , M. C. Williamson, and G. B. , Wood specific gravity gradients in tropical dry and montane rain forest trees, 1989.

W. , G. B. Wiemann, and M. C. , Measuring wood specific gravity?Correctly, American Journal of Botany, vol.97, pp.519-524, 2010.

W. , G. B. Wiemann, and M. , Age versus size determination of radial variation in wood specific gravity: lessons from eccentrics, Trees, vol.25, pp.585-591, 2011.

W. , G. B. Wiemann, M. C. Geaghan, and J. P. , Radial wood allocation in Schizolobium parahyba, American Journal of Botany, vol.99, pp.1010-1019, 2012.

W. , R. Downes, G. M. Evans, and R. , Temporal variation of microfibril angle in Eucalyptus nitens grown in different irrigation regimes, Tree Physiol, vol.22, pp.449-457, 2002.

W. , D. Shier, and A. , Wood specific gravity and its radial variations: the many ways to make a tree, Trees, vol.16, pp.437-443, 2002.

Y. , H. Sassus, F. Ninomiya, M. Gril, and J. , A model of anisotropic swelling and shrinking process of wood, Wood Science and Technology, vol.35, pp.167-181, 2001.

Y. , J. Song, K. Lu, Y. Zhao, G. Yin et al., Comparison of changes in micropores and mesopores in the wood cell walls of sapwood and heartwood, Wood Science and Technology, vol.49, pp.987-1001, 2015.