A. Silve, «Nouveaux dispositifs pour l'application contrôlée d'impulsions électriques nanosecondes et pour la détection de leurs effets sur les cellules. Nouveaux résultats et hypothèses sur les paramètres contrôlant l'électroperméabilisation des cellules biologique, Thèse de Doctorat, 2011.

H. G. Coster, A Quantitative Analysis of the Voltage-Current Relationships of Fixed Charge Membranes and the Associated Property of ???Punch-Through???, Biophysical Journal, vol.5, issue.5, pp.669-686, 1965.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(65)86745-5

W. A. Hamilton and J. H. , Sale, «Effects of High Electric Fields on Microorganisms : II. Mechanism of Action of the Lethal Effect, Biochimica and Biophysica Acta (BBA)- General Subjects, pp.789-800, 1967.

J. M. Crowley, Electrical Breakdown of Bimolecular Lipid Membranes as an Electromechanical Instability, Biophysical Journal, vol.13, issue.7, pp.711-724, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(73)86017-5

E. Neumann and K. Rosenheck, Permeability changes induced by electric impulses in vesicular membranes, The Journal of Membrane Biology, vol.22, issue.1, pp.279-290, 1972.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01867861

E. Neumann, M. Shaefer-ridder, Y. Wang, and P. H. , Hofschneider, «Gene transfer into mouse lyoma cells by electroporation in high electric fields, EMBO J, vol.1, pp.841-845, 1982.

U. Zimmermann, Electric field-mediated fusion and related electrical phenomena, Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Reviews on Biomembranes, vol.694, issue.3, pp.227-277, 1982.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4157(82)90007-7

P. Scheurich, U. Zimmermann, and M. , Mischel et I. Lamprecht, «Membrane fusion and deformation of red blood cells by electric fields, Z. Naturforsch., C, Biosci, vol.35, pp.111-123, 1980.

Q. Zhang, G. V. Barbosa-cànovas, and B. G. Swanson, Engineering aspects of pulsed electric field pasteurization, Journal of Food Engineering, vol.25, issue.2, pp.261-281, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0260-8774(94)00030-D

S. Jeyamkondan, D. S. Jayas, and R. A. , Pulsed Electric Field Processing of Foods: A Review, Journal of Food Protection, vol.62, issue.9, pp.1088-1096, 1999.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-62.9.1088

J. Teissié and M. P. , Fusion of mammalian cells in culture is obtained by creating the contact between cells after their electropermeabilization, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.140, issue.1, pp.258-266, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-291X(86)91084-3

M. P. Rols and J. Teissié, Electropermeabilization of mammalian cells. Quantitative analysis of the phenomenon, Biophysical Journal, vol.58, issue.5, pp.1089-1098, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(90)82451-6

L. M. Mir, S. Orlowski, J. Belehradek-jr, and C. Paoletti, Electrochemotherapy potentiation of antitumour effect of bleomycin by local electric pulses, European Journal of Cancer and Clinical Oncology, vol.27, issue.1, pp.68-72, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-5379(91)90064-K

G. Sersa, M. Cemazar, D. Miklavcic, and L. M. Mir, «Electrochemotherapy : variable antitumor effect on different tumor models, Bioelectrochemistry and Bioenergetics, vol.35, pp.11-13, 1994.

. Heller, «Effective treatment of cutaneous and subcutaneous malignant tumors by electrochemotherapy, Br. J. Cancer, vol.77, pp.2336-2342, 1998.

A. Gothelf, L. M. Mir, and J. Gehl, «Electrochemotherapy : results of cancer treatment using enhanced delivery of bleomycin by electrporation,» Cancer Treatment Reviews, n° %129, pp.371-387, 2003.

R. Davalos, L. M. Mir, and B. Rubinsky, Tissue Ablation with Irreversible Electroporation, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, vol.14, issue.052901, pp.223-231, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10439-005-8981-8

K. H. Schoenbach, S. Katsuki, R. H. Stark, E. S. Buescher, and S. J. Beebe, Bioelectrics-new applications for pulsed power technology, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol.30, issue.1, pp.293-300, 2002.
DOI : 10.1109/TPS.2002.1003873

K. H. Schoenbach, R. Joshi, R. Stark, F. Dobbs, and S. Beebe, «Bacterial decontamination of liquids with pulsed electric fields,» Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.7, pp.637-645, 2000.

S. J. Beebe, P. M. Fox, L. J. Rec, K. Somers, R. H. Stark et al., «Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Field (nsPEF) Effects on Cells and Tissues : Apoptosis Induction and Tumor Growth Inhibition, IEEE Transaction on Plasma Sience, vol.30, p.11, 2002.

J. F. Kolb, S. Kono, and K. H. , Nanosecond pulsed electric field generators for the study of subcellular effects, Bioelectromagnetics, vol.279, issue.3, pp.172-187, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/bem.20185

M. Breton and M. M. , Microsecond and nanosecond electric pulses in cancer treatments, Bioelectromagnetics, vol.471, issue.2, pp.106-133, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/bem.20692

A. Silve, R. Vézinet, and L. M. Mir, Nanosecond-Duration Electric Pulse Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo: Experimental Considerations, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.61, issue.7, pp.1945-1954, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2012.2182861

E. S. Blackmore and . Buescher, «Bioelectric Effects of Intense Nanoseconde Pulses, IEEE Transactions on Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, vol.14, pp.1088-1109, 2007.

P. T. Vernier, M. J. Ziegler, Y. Sun, W. V. Chang, M. A. Gundersen et al., Tieleman, «Nanopore Formation and Phosphatidylserine Externalisation in a Phospholipid Bilayer at High Transmembrane Potential, J. Am. Chem. Soc, vol.128, pp.119-6288, 2006.

P. T. Vernier, Y. Sun, L. Marcu, C. M. Craft, and M. A. Gundersen, «Nanosecond pulsed electric fields perturb membrane phospholipids in T lymphoblasts,» Federation of, European Biochemical Societies, vol.310, pp.103-108, 2004.

P. T. Vernier, Y. Sun, M. Chen, M. A. Gundersen, and G. L. , Nanosecond electric pulse-induced calcium entry into chromaffin cells, Bioelectrochemistry, vol.73, issue.1, pp.1-3, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2008.02.003

R. Nucitelli, U. Pliquett, X. Chen, W. Ford, R. J. Swanson et al., Nanosecond pulsed electric fields cause melanomas to self-destruct, Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications, vol.343, issue.2, pp.351-360, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bbrc.2006.02.181

E. H. Hall, K. H. Schoenbach, and S. J. Beebe, Nanosecond pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in p53-wildtype and p53-null HCT116 colon carcinoma cells, Apoptosis, vol.69, issue.5 Pt 1, pp.1721-1731, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10495-007-0083-7

S. J. Bebee, P. M. Fox, L. J. Rec, E. L. Willis, and K. H. Schoenbach, Nanosecond, high-intensity pulsed electric fields induce apoptosis in human cells, The FASEB Journal, vol.17, pp.1493-1495, 2003.
DOI : 10.1096/fj.02-0859fje

S. Xiao, S. Guo, R. Nesin, and K. H. Heller, Schoenbach, «Subnanosecond Electric Pulses Cause Membrane Permeabilization and Cell Death, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, pp.1239-1245, 2011.

J. T. Camp, Y. Jing, J. Zhuang, J. F. Kolb, S. J. Beebe et al., Cell Death Induced by Subnanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields at Elevated Temperatures, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol.40, issue.10, pp.2334-2347, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TPS.2012.2208202

M. Keenan, Développement d'applicateurs pour étudier le comportement des cellules, Thèse de doctorat, 2010.

M. Keenan, «Characterization of a 50-exposure setup for high-voltage nanosecond, 2011.

A. Silve, R. Vézinet, and L. M. Mir, Nanosecond-Duration Electric Pulse Delivery In Vitro and In Vivo: Experimental Considerations, IEEE Transactions on Instrumentation and Measurement, vol.61, issue.7, pp.1945-1954, 2012.
DOI : 10.1109/TIM.2012.2182861

A. Silve, Nouveaux Dispositifs pour l'application contrôlée d'impulsions électriques nanosecondes et pour le détection de leurs effets sur les cellules. Nouveaux résultats et hypothèses sur les paramètres contrôlant l'électroperméabilisation des cellules biologique, 2010.

A. Silve, I. Leray, and L. M. Mir, Demonstration of cell membrane permeabilization to medium-sized molecules caused by a single 10ns electric pulse, Bioelectrochemistry, vol.87, pp.260-264, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bioelechem.2011.10.002

E. S. Buescher and K. S. Schoenbach, «Effects of submicrosecond, high intensity pulsed electric fields on living cells-intracellular electromanipulation,» Dielectrics and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transactions on, vol.50, pp.1221-123, 2003.

A. G. Pakhomov, J. F. Kolb, J. A. White, R. P. Joshi, S. Xiao et al., Membrane permeabilization and cell damage by ultrashort electric field shocks, Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics, vol.465, issue.1, pp.109-118, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.abb.2007.05.003

A. G. Pakhomov, R. Shevin, J. A. White, J. F. Kolb, O. N. Pakhomova et al., Long-lasting plasma membrane permeabilization in mammalian cells by nanosecond pulsed electric field (nsPEF), Bioelectromagnetics, vol.28, issue.8, pp.665-663, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/bem.20354

J. F. Kolb, X. Chen, J. Zhuang, W. Ren, N. Scully et al., Schoenbach, «Tumor Treatment With Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields,» Pulsed Power Conference, pp.880-885, 2009.

S. Romeo, M. Sarti, M. R. Scarfi, and L. Zeni, «Modified Blumlein Pulse-Forming Networks for Biolectrical Applications «Characterization of a TEM cell-based setup for the exposure of biological cell suspensions to high-intensity nanosecond pulsed electric fields (nsPEFs, » Microwave Symposium Digest (MTT), 2012 IEEE MTT-S International, pp.1-3, 2010.

A. E. Abazzi, «Etude et réalisation d'une nouvelle cellule TEM à support rotatif pour des mesures CEM des circuits intégrés : Application du modèle ICEM, Thèse de doctorat, Institut Nationale des Sciences Appliquées de Rennes, 2007.

R. Vézinet, «Illumination Expérimentale d'Objets Biologiques par une Onde Electromagnétique

T. Heeren, J. T. Camp, J. F. Kolb, and K. H. Schoenbach, 250 kV Sub-nanosecond Pulse Generator with Adjustable Pulse-width Dielectric and Electrical Insulation, IEEE Transaction on, vol.14, pp.884-888, 2007.

J. Roger, «Antennes Eléments connexes,» Techniques de l'ingénieurs, n° %1ref, p.3288, 1999.

S. K. Ryu and Y. H. Kim, Coaxial Termination Load for High-Voltage Fast Transient Pulse Measurement, IEEE Transactions on Plasma Science, vol.41, issue.3, pp.528-539, 2013.
DOI : 10.1109/TPS.2012.2234482

A. M. Efremov, V. I. Koshelev, B. M. Kovalchuk, V. V. Plisko, and K. N. , Sukchushin, «High- Power sources of ultrawideband radiation with subnanosecond pulse length, 14th International Symposium on high currents electronics, 2006.

J. C. Diot, P. Delmote, J. Andrieu, M. Lalande, V. Bertrand et al., «A novel antenna for transient applications in the frequency band 300MHz-3GHz : the Valentina antenna, IEEE transactions on Antennas and Propagation, vol.55, pp.13-987, 2007.

A. Godard, L. Desrumaux, V. Bertrand, J. Andrieu, M. Lalande et al., A Transient UWB Antenna Array Used with Complex Impedance Surfaces, International Journal of Antennas and Propagation, vol.12, issue.24, 2010.
DOI : 10.1109/8.59765

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00599415

C. E. Baum, «Configuration of TEM Feed for an IRA,» Sensor and Simulation Note 327, 1991.

T. Lee, . Smith, M. D. Lavalley, M. C. Abdalla, F. Skipper et al., «JOLT : A Highly Directive, Very Intensive, Impulse-Like Radiator,» Sensor and Simulation Note 480, 2003.

F. M. Tesche, D. V. Giri, and M. Nyffeler, «Swiss Impulse Radiating Antenna (SWIRA) Characterization in the Presence of a Local Ground Plane (Earth),» Sensor and Simulation Note 557, 2011.

C. E. Baum, «Focal Waveform of a Prolate-Spheroidal IRA,» Sensor and Simulation Note 509, 2006.

C. E. Baum, «Prolate Spheroidal Scatterer for Spherical Waves,» Sensor and Simulations Note 508, 2006.

S. Altunc, «Focal Waveform of a Prolate-Spheroidal Impulse Radiating Antenna (IRA),» Thèse de Doctorat de l, 2007.

P. Kumar, «Electromagnetic Pulse Technology : Biological and Terahertz Applications, Thèse de Doctorat de l'Université du Nouveau Mexique, 2011.

C. E. Baum, «Impedances and Field Distribution for Symmetrical Two Wire and Four Wire Transmission Line Simulators,» Sensor and Simulation Note 26, 1966.

C. E. Baum, «Focused Aperture Antennas,» Sensor and Simulation Note 306, 1987.

E. G. Farr, «Optimizing the Feed Impedance of Impulse Radiating Antennas Part1 : Reflector IRAs,» Sensor and Simulation Note 354, 1993.

E. G. Farr, «Prepulse Associated with the TEM Feed of an Impulse Radiating Antenna,» Sensor and Simulation Note 337, 1992.

C. Gabriel, S. Gabriel, and E. Corthour, The dielectric properties of biological tissues: I. Literature survey, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.41, issue.11, pp.2231-2249, 1996.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/001

S. Gabriel, R. W. Lau, and C. Gabriel, The dielectric properties of biological tissues: II. Measurements in the frequency range 10 Hz to 20 GHz, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.41, issue.11, pp.2251-2269, 1996.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/41/11/002

P. Combes, Micro-ondes Tome 2 : Circuits Passifs, propagation, antennes, p.206, 1997.

A. En, 1-18 dans Ann.1-17, l'expression finale du prepulse est donnée par la formule Ann, pp.1-20