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A. Dans-le-cadre-du-projet, projet de recherche en thérapie par ions Carbone et en traitement Proton, ce travail de thèse s'intéresse aux aspects de contrôle faisceau et de dosimétrie autour des chambres d'ionisation. L'objectif est de proposer une compréhension profonde de la réponse de tels détecteurs aux faisceaux utilisés en Hadronthérapie et plus particulièrement aux faisceaux issus des machines de Protonthérapie PBS (Pencil Beam Scanning) de nouvelle génération de l'entreprise Belge IBA (Ion Beam Applications) Cette étude passe par la mesure des paramètres physico-chimiques fondamentaux de l'air utilisé par ces instruments puis par l'implémentation de ces mêmes paramètres dans un outil de simulation. Parallèlement à ce travail, un dispositif également basé sur les chambres d'ionisation a été développé