M. Aglietta, D. Blanchet, and F. Heran, Démographie et économie, 2002.

N. Ahn and P. Mira, Job bust, baby bust?: Evidence from Spain, Journal of Population Economics, vol.14, issue.3, pp.505-521, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/s001480100093

M. Alders, Cohort fertility of migrant women in the Netherlands, Paper presented at the BSPS-NVD-URU Conference in Utrecht (the Netherlands), p.31, 2000.

G. Andersson, The impact of labour-force participation on childbearing behaviour: Pro cyclical fertility in Sweden during the 1980s and the 1990s, European Journal of Population/ Revue europenne de Dmographie, vol.16, issue.4, pp.293-333, 2000.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006454909642

G. Andersson, Childbearing after Migration: Fertility Patterns of Foreign-born Women in Sweden1, International Migration Review, vol.9, issue.2, pp.747-775, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1747-7379.2004.tb00216.x

G. Andersson and K. Scott, Labour-market status and first-time parenthood: the experience of immigrant women in Sweden, Population Studies, vol.59, issue.1, pp.1981-97, 2005.

R. Andorka, Determinants of fertility in advanced societies, 1978.

C. Bagavos, C. Tsibos, and G. Veropoulou, Cohort fertility differentials between native and foreign born women in a new receiving country: the case of Greece, EAPS, European population Conference, 2006.

P. Baizán, F. Michielin, and F. C. Billari, Political Economy and Life Course Patterns, Demographic Research, vol.6, 2002.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2002.6.8

M. Baldwin-edwards, Statistical Data on Immigrants in Greece, An Analytic Study of, 2004.

S. Basten, T. Sobotka, and K. Zeman, Future Fertility in Low Fertility Countries, VID Working Paper 05, 2013.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198703167.003.0003

R. Beaujot, Effect of immigration on Canadian population: Replacement migration? " Discussion paper, pp.3-03, 2003.

G. S. Becker, A Treatise on the Family., Population and Development Review, vol.18, issue.3, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/1973663

G. S. Becker, An economic analysis of fertility, Demographic and Economic Change in Developed Countries, 1960.

C. Bergouignan, The Impact of Migration on Local Populations Age Structures??: A Cantonal-Districts Clustering for Retrospective and Prospective Analysis, Espace populations soci??t??s, issue.2009/1, pp.45-65, 2009.
DOI : 10.4000/eps.3580

J. Bijak, D. Kupiszewska, and M. Kupiszewski, Replacement Migration Revisited, Simulations of the Effects of Selected Population and Labor Market Strategies for the Ageing, 2008.

J. Bijak, D. Kupiszewska, M. Kupiszewski, K. Saczuk, and A. Kicinger, Population and labour force projections for 27 European countries, 2002-052: impact of international migration on population ageing, European Journal of Population / Revue europ??enne de D??mographie, vol.250, issue.1, pp.1-31, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s10680-006-9110-6

F. C. Billari, Europe and its Fertility: From Low to Lowest Low, National Institute Economic Review, vol.194, issue.1, pp.56-73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/0027950105061496

F. C. Billari and H. Kohler, Patterns of low and lowest-low fertility in Europe, Population Studies, vol.58, issue.2, pp.161-176, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/0032472042000213695

F. Billari, Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe: Exploring the Causes and Finding Some Surprises, The Japanese Journal of Population, vol.1, issue.6, 2008.

F. Billari, P. Manfredi, and A. Valentini, Macro???demographic effects of the transition to adulthood: Multistate stable population theory and an application to Italy, Mathematical Population Studies, vol.98, issue.1, pp.33-63, 2000.
DOI : 10.1080/08898488809525276

F. C. Billari, Approaching the Limit: Long-Term Trends in Late and Very Late Fertility, Population and Development Review, vol.27, issue.1, pp.149-170, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2006.00146.x

S. Billingsey, The Post-Communist Fertility Puzzle, Population Research and Policy Review, vol.24, issue.19, pp.193-231, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11113-009-9136-7

C. Blayo, Choix des cohortes et des sous-cohortes: regles generales et application a l'avortement, Population (French Edition), vol.46, issue.6, pp.1379-1404, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/1533517

C. Blayo, La condition d'homogeneite en analyse demographique et en analyse statistique des biographies, Population (French Edition), vol.50, issue.6, pp.1501-1517, 1995.
DOI : 10.2307/1534465

M. Boehnke and K. Et-maul, Prerequisites and consequences of parenthood. The importance of socio-economic and regional differences in Germany " , papier présenté à l'atelier sur « Economic uncertainty and fertility dynamics, pp.3-4, 2009.

J. Bongaarts and G. Feeney, On the Quantum and Tempo of Fertility, Population and Development Review, vol.24, issue.2, pp.271-291, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/2807974

J. Bongaarts and T. Sobotka, A Demographic Explanation for the Recent Rise in European Fertility, Population and Development Review, vol.88, issue.5, pp.83-120, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2012.00473.x

W. Bosveld, The ageing of fertility in Europe. A comparative demographic-analytic study. Doctoral dissertation, 1996.

J. Bourgeois-pichat, The Unprecedented Shortage of Births in Europe, Population and Development Review, vol.12, pp.3-25, 1986.
DOI : 10.2307/2807890

M. Bozon, At what age do women and men have their first sexual intercourse?, Population and Societies, vol.391, pp.1-4, 2003.

M. Bratti and K. Tatsiramos, The effect of delaying motherhood on the second childbirth in Europe, Journal of Population Economics, vol.8, issue.3, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s00148-010-0341-9

C. Bühler and E. Frtczak, Learning from others and receiving support. The impact of personal networks on fertility intentions in Poland MPIDR Working Papers, 2005.

W. P. Butz and M. P. Ward, Will US Fertility Remain Low? A New Economic Interpretation, Population and Development Review, vol.5, issue.4, pp.663-688, 1979.
DOI : 10.2307/1971976

W. P. Butz and M. P. Ward, The emergence of countercyclical U.S. fertility, The American Economic Review, vol.69, issue.3, pp.318-328, 1979.

J. C. Caldwell, The western fertility decline: Reflections from a chronological perspective, Journal of Population Research, vol.15, issue.113, pp.225-242, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/BF03031817

A. Gjonca, A. Aassve, and L. Mencarini, Albania: Trends and patterns, proximate determinants and policies of fertility change, Demographic Research, vol.19, issue.11, 2008.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.11

C. Goldin and L. F. Katz, The power of the pill: Oral contraceptives and women's career and marriage decisions, The Journal of Political Economy, vol.110, issue.4, pp.730-770, 2002.
DOI : 10.3386/w7527

J. R. Goldstein, T. Sobotka, and A. Jasilioniene, The End of ??????Lowest-Low?????? Fertility?, Population and Development Review, vol.32, issue.2, pp.663-700, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2009.00304.x

J. R. Goldstein, L. Wolfgang, and M. Testa, The emergence of Sub-Replacement Family Size Ideals in Europe, Population Research and Policy Review, vol.22, issue.5/6, pp.479-496, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/B:POPU.0000020962.80895.4a

J. Goldstein, M. Kreyenfeld, A. Jasilioniene, and D. Karaman-Örsal, Fertility Reactions to the "Great Recession" in Europe, Demographic Research, vol.29, issue.4, pp.85-104, 2013.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2013.29.4

L. Grant, Replacement Migration, The UN Population Division on European Population Decline, Population and Environment, vol.22, issue.4, pp.391-399, 2001.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006797605864

S. Gustafsson and A. Kalwij, Education and Postponement of Maternity. Economic Analysis for Industrialized Countries, European Studies of Population, vol.15, 2006.

J. Hajnal, European marriage patterns in perspective, in Populations in History. Essays in Historical Demography, 1965.

L. Henry, D'un problème fondamentale de l'analyse démographique, Population, issue.1, pp.9-32, 1959.

L. Henry, Approximations et erreurs dans les tables de nuptialite de generations, Population (French Edition), vol.18, issue.4, pp.737-776, 1963.
DOI : 10.2307/1527434

L. Henry, Analyse et mesure des phenomenes demographiques par cohortes, Population (French Edition), vol.21, issue.3, pp.465-482, 1966.
DOI : 10.2307/1528365

L. Henry, Démographie -Analyse et Modèles, INED, 2e éd, 1984.

L. Henry, Fécondité des mariages Nouvelle méthode de mesure, Travaux et documents, Cahier no, pp.INED-PUF, 1953.

L. Henry, Some data on natural fertility, Eugenics Quarterly, vol.8, issue.2, pp.81-91, 1961.
DOI : 10.2307/3348549

F. Héran and G. Pison, Two children per woman in France in 2006: are immigrants to blame?, 2007.

J. Hobcraft, Fertility in England and Wales: A Fifty-Year Perspective, Population Studies, vol.50, issue.3, pp.485-524, 1996.
DOI : 10.1080/0032472031000149586

J. Hobcraft and K. Kiernan, Becoming a parent in Europe, Discussion Paper WSP London School of Economics, vol.116, 1995.

B. Hoem, Entry into motherhood in Sweden, Demographic Research, vol.2, issue.4, 1986.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2000.2.4

B. Hoem and J. M. Hoem, Sweden's family policies and roller-coaster fertility, Journal of Population Problems, vol.52, pp.3-4, 1996.

J. Hoem, Effet du niveau d'instruction sur la formation du couple moderne, European Journal of Population, vol.18, issue.4, pp.113-133, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01796886

J. Hoem and B. Rennermalm, La nouvelle mani??re de fonder une famille : l'exp??rience des Su??doises n??es entre 1936 et 1960, European Journal of Population, vol.10, issue.4, pp.81-112, 1985.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01796919

J. Hoem and B. Hoem, The Swedish Family: Aspects of Contemporary Developments, Journal of Family Issues, vol.9, issue.3, pp.397-424, 1988.
DOI : 10.1177/019251388009003007

B. Hofmann and K. Hohmeyer, Perceived Economic Uncertainty and Fertility: Evidence From a Labor Market Reform, Journal of Marriage and Family, vol.21, issue.2, pp.503-521, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/jomf.12011

W. G. Jones, Delayed Marriage and Very Low Fertility in Pacific Asia, Population and Development Review, vol.27, issue.2, pp.453-478, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00168.x

W. G. Jones, M. R. Douglas, and J. C. Caldwell, The Continuing Demographic Transition, 1997.

C. Kersuzan, M. Caillot, and C. Bergouignan, Portrait démographique des grandes aires urbaines de province, Cahiers de démographie locale, pp.9-69, 2009.

K. Kiernan, Cohabitation in Western Europe, Population Trends, vol.96, pp.25-32, 1999.

K. Kiernan, The rise of cohabitation and childbearing outside marriage in western Europe, International Journal of Law, Policy and the Family, vol.15, issue.1, 2001.
DOI : 10.1093/lawfam/15.1.1

K. Kiernan, Unmarried Cohabitation and Parenthood in Britain and Europe, Law <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Policy, vol.3, issue.3, pp.33-55, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0265-8240.2004.00162.x

R. Kippen, A note on ageing, immigration and the birth rate, People and Place, vol.7, issue.2, pp.18-22, 1999.

D. Kirk and D. S. Thomas, The influence of business cycles on marriage and birth rates, 1960.

H. Kohler, F. C. Billari, and J. A. Ortega, The Emergence of Lowest-Low Fertility in Europe During the 1990s, Population and Development Review, vol.21, issue.2, pp.641-680, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2001.00155.x

H. Kohler and I. Kohler, Fertility decline in Russia in the early and mid 1990s: The role of economic uncertainty and labour market crisis, European Journal of Population/ Revue europenne de Dmographie, vol.18, issue.3, pp.233-262, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1019701812709

H. Kohler and J. Ortega, Tempo-Adjusted Period Parity Progression Measures, Fertility Postponement and Completed Cohort Fertility, Demographic Research, vol.6, issue.6, pp.91-144, 2002.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2002.6.6

H. Kohler and J. Ortega, Tempo-Adjusted Period Parity Progression Measures:, Demographic Research, vol.6, 2002.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2002.6.7

O. Kontula, Trends in teenage sexual behaviour, pregnancies, sexually transmitted infections and HIV infections in Europe, 2003.

A. Kostaki and P. Peristera, Modeling fertility in modern populations, Demographic Research, vol.16, issue.6, pp.141-194, 2007.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2007.16.6

A. Kostaki, B. Kotzamanis, and M. Agorastakis, Effects of immigration on population growth and structures in Greece ??? A spatial approach, Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, vol.2009, 2009.
DOI : 10.1553/populationyearbook2009s167

M. Kreyenfeld, Uncertainties in Female Employment Careers and the Postponement of Parenthood in Germany, European Sociological Review, vol.26, issue.3, 2009.
DOI : 10.1093/esr/jcp026

M. Kreyenfeld, Uncertainties in Female Employment Careers and the Postponement of Parenthood in Germany, European Sociological Review, vol.26, issue.3, pp.351-366, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/esr/jcp026

H. Kulu, Migration and Fertility: Competing Hypotheses Re-examined, European Journal of Population / Revue europ??enne de D??mographie, vol.61, issue.2, pp.51-87, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10680-005-3581-8

H. Kulu and A. Vikat, Fertility differences by housing type, Demographic Research, vol.17, issue.26, pp.775-802, 2007.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2007.17.26

A. Landry, La Révolution démographique : études et essais sur les problèmes de la population, 1933.

G. Lanzieri, Towards a 'baby recession' in Europe? Differential fertility trends during the economic crisis, Statistics in Focus, vol.13, 2013.

G. Lazaridis, Immigration to Greece: A critical evaluation of Greek policy, Journal of Ethnic and Migration Studies, vol.6, issue.2, pp.335-348, 1996.
DOI : 10.1017/S0003975600004070

G. Lazaridis and J. Poyago-theotoky, Undocumented Migrants in Greece: Issues of Regularization, International Migration, vol.37, issue.4, pp.715-740, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-2435.00091

F. Legros, La fécondité des étrangères en France : une stabilisation entre, Insee Première, issue.898, 1990.

H. Leridon, Sur l'estimation de la sterilite, Population (French Edition), vol.32, pp.231-248, 1977.
DOI : 10.2307/1531809

H. Leridon, Human fertility. The basic components, 1977.

H. Leridon, Can assisted reproduction technology compensate for the natural decline in fertility with age? A model assessment, Human Reproduction, vol.19, issue.7, pp.1549-54, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/humrep/deh304
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00086400

D. Philipov, Fertility in times of discontinuous societal change, I. Kotowska, and J, 2003.

D. Philipov and J. Dorbritz, Demographic consequences of economic transition in countries of Central and Eastern Europe, Population Studies, issue.39, 2003.

D. Philipov and H. Kohler, Tempo effects in the fertility decline in Eastern Europe, 2001.

R. Pressat, Pratique de la démographie. Trente sujets d'analyse, DUNOD, 1967.

R. Pressat, L'analyse démographique. Concepts ? Méthodes ? Résultats, PUF, 4e éd, 1983.

R. Pressat, Éléments de démographie mathématique, p.278, 1995.

S. Preston and H. Wang, Intrinsic Growth Rates and Net Reproduction Rates in the Presence of Migration, Population and Development Review, vol.48, issue.2, pp.657-666, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1728-4457.2007.00192.x

F. Prioux, Age at first union in France: A two-stage process of change, Population-E, vol.58, pp.4-5, 2003.

F. Prioux, Cohabitation, marriage and separation: contrasts in Europe, Population & Societies, vol.422, pp.1-4, 2006.

P. Ranjan, Fertility behaviour under income uncertainty, European Journal of Population/ Revue europenne de Dmographie, vol.15, issue.1, pp.25-43, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1006106527618

A. Régnier-loilier, L'Étude des relations familiales et intergénérationnelles, 2005.

R. R. Rindfuss and S. R. Brauner-otto, Policies, institutions, and the transition to adulthood: Implications for fertility tempo in low fertility settings, Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, pp.57-87, 2008.

R. R. Rindfuss, S. P. Morgan, and G. Swicegood, First births in America. Changes in the timing of parenthood, 1988.

K. Rontos, Demographic trends, young people's attitudes towards marriage and socioeconomic changes related to family formation in Greece and in the European Union: a comparative analysis based on official and survey research data, International Journal of Criminology and Sociological Theory, vol.3, issue.2, pp.543-562, 2010.

A. Rosina and R. Fraboni, Is marriage losing its centrality in Italy?, Demographic Research, vol.11, issue.6, pp.149-172, 2004.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2004.11.6

F. Rothenbacher, The European population since 1945, 2004.

G. Santow and M. Bracher, Deferment of first birth and fluctuating fertility in Sweden, 2001.

J. Sardon, Mariage et divorce en Europe de l'Est, Population (French Edition), vol.46, issue.3, pp.547-598, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/1533407

J. Sardon, La fécondité dans les Balkans depuis, Dossiers et Recherches, issue.101, 1950.

J. Sardon, Fécondité et transition en Europe centrale et orientale, Dossiers et Recherches, vol.113, 2001.

W. Schmähl, Ageing Workforce: Firm Strategies and Public Policy in Germany, Geneva Papers on Risk and Insurance - Issues and Practice, vol.3, issue.4, 2003.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-0440.00247

L. Schmidt, T. Sobotka, J. G. Bentzen, and A. N. Andersen, Demographic and medical consequences of the postponement of parenthood, Human Reproduction Update, vol.18, issue.1, pp.29-43, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/humupd/dmr040

C. Schmitt, « Occupational performance, uncertainty and the transition to first birth in Germany and the United Kingdom », papier présenté à l'atelier sur « Economic uncertainty and fertility dynamics, pp.3-4, 2009.

C. Schmitt, Gender-Specific Effects of Unemployment on Family Formation: A Cross-National Perspective, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.841, 2008.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1276149

C. Schmitt, Ch??mage et premi??re naissance : une perspective transnationale, European Journal of Population / Revue europ??enne de D??mographie, vol.21, issue.2, 2012.
DOI : 10.1007/s10680-012-9262-5

S. Noguera, C. Castro-martin, T. , S. Bonmati, and A. , The Spanish case. The effects of the globalization process on the transition to adulthood, 2005.

M. Kurz and K. , Globalization, Uncertainty and Youth in Society

S. Noguera, C. Golsch, K. Stainhage, and N. , Increasing uncertainty in the Spanish labour market and entry into parenthood, Genus, vol.58, issue.1, pp.77-119, 2003.

H. Sinn, The Pay-As-You-Go pension system as a fertility insurance and enforcement device, NBER Working Papers National Bureau of Economic Research, vol.6610, 1998.

V. Skirbekk, Fertility trends by social status, Demographic Research, vol.18, issue.5, pp.145-180, 2008.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2008.18.5

T. Sobotka and L. Toulemon, Overview Chapter 4: Changing family and partnership behaviour, Demographic Research, vol.19, issue.6, pp.85-138, 2008.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.6

?. Sobotka, Migration continent Europe, Data & Trends, Vienna Yearbook of Population Research, pp.217-233, 2009.

T. Sobotka, Re-emerging diversity: Rapid fertility changes in Central and Eastern Europe after the collapse of the communist regimes, pp.4-5, 2003.

T. Sobotka, Postponement of childbearing and low fertility in Europe, 2004.

T. Sobotka, Does persistent low fertility threaten the future of European populations, Demographic challenges for the 21st Century. A state of art in demography. Brussels: VUBPRESS, pp.27-89, 2008.

T. Sobotka, The diverse faces of the second demographic transition in Europe, Demographic Research, Special Collection, vol.7, issue.198, pp.171-224, 2008.

T. Sobotka, Overview Chapter 7: The rising importance of migrants for childbearing in Europe, Demographic Research, vol.19, pp.225-248, 2008.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2008.19.9

D. Van-de-kaa, Europe's Second Demographic Transition, Population Bulletin, vol.42, pp.1-59, 1987.

D. Van-de-kaa, The second demographic transition revisited: theories and expectations, Population and Family in the Low Countries, 1993.

D. J. Van-de-kaa, Postmodern fertility preferences: From changing value orientation to new behavior, Global fertility transition, 2001.

N. P. Van-giersbergen and J. De-beer, Birth trends and consumer confidence: An econometric analysis, Maandstatistiek van de bevolking, vol.11, pp.23-27, 1997.

S. Verick, Who is hardest hit during a financial crisis? The vulnerability of young men and women to unemployment in an economic downturn, IZA Discussion Paper, issue.4359, 2009.

G. Verropoulou, C. Bagavos, and C. Tsimbos, Migrant and Non-Migrant Fertility in Greece, Results Based on the 2001 Population Census, Migration Letters, vol.4, issue.2, pp.147-158, 2007.

A. Vikat, Fertility in Finland in the 1980s and 1990s: Analysis of fertility trends by age and parity, Yearbook of Population Research in Finland, issue.38, pp.159-178, 2002.

A. Vikat, Women's Labor Force Attachment and Childbearing in Finland, Demographic Research, vol.3, issue.8, pp.177-212, 2004.
DOI : 10.4054/DemRes.2004.S3.8