. St, Figure 4 SO 2 concentrations measured by stations in the north and northeast -SO 2 concentrations measured by seven stations namely, Therese over three days, i.e. 01 till the 03

. .. De-la-fournaise, summit eruption of Piton, p.76, 2010.

.. Sensitivity-of-plume-characteristics, 93 3.10 Results from the best-fitted SCM simulation with respect to the reference LES simulation (Fig.3.7b), p.95

A. Aiuppa, A. Franco, R. Von-glasow, A. G. Allen, W. D-'alessandro et al., The tropospheric processing of acidic gases and hydrogen sulphide in volcanic gas plumes as inferred from field and model investigations, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.7, issue.5, pp.1441-1450, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-1441-2007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00296172

B. A. Albrecht, Aerosols, Cloud Microphysics, and Fractional Cloudiness, Science, vol.245, issue.4923, pp.1227-1230, 1989.
DOI : 10.1126/science.245.4923.1227

P. Allard, L. Spina, A. Tamburello, G. Aiuppa, A. Burton et al., First measurements of magmatic gas composition and fluxes during an eruption (october 2010) of piton 15 de la fournaise hot spot volcano, la reunion island. egu: Gmpv-5. oral presentation, Geophysical Research Abstracts, pp.13-81, 2011.

A. G. Allen, P. J. Baxter, and C. J. Ottley, Gas and particle emissions from Soufri??re Hills Volcano, Montserrat, West Indies: characterization and health hazard assessment, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.62, issue.1, pp.8-19, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s004450050287

M. O. Andreae and P. J. Crutzen, Atmospheric Aerosols: Biogeochemical Sources and Role in Atmospheric Chemistry, Science, vol.276, issue.5315, pp.1052-1058, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.276.5315.1052

R. J. Andres and A. D. Kasgnoc, A time-averaged inventory of subaerial volcanic sulfur emissions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.24, issue.D19, pp.25251-25261, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD02091

A. Ansmann, M. Tesche, S. Gro, V. Freudenthaler, P. Seifert et al., The 16 april 2010 major volcanic ash plume over central europe: Earlinet lidar Conclusions générale en français Conclusion Brasseur Ozone depletion: Volcanic aerosols implicated, Nature, vol.359, pp.275-276, 1992.

M. Brayshay and M. Grattam, Environmental and social responses in Europe to the 1783 eruption of the Laki fissure volcano in Iceland: a consideration of contemporary documentary evidence, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol.161, issue.1, pp.173-187, 1999.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.1999.161.01.12

J. Brophy, Magma composition and igneous rocks, university handout notes, p.21, 2014.

A. R. Brown, R. T. Cederwall, A. Chlond, P. G. Duynkerke, J. C. Golaz et al., Large-eddy simulation of the diurnal cycle of shallow cumulus convection over land, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.129, issue.582, pp.1075-1093, 2002.
DOI : 10.1256/003590002320373210

K. Browning, The gewex cloud system study (gcss) Bulletin of the, pp.387-399, 1993.

M. Bursik, Effect of wind on the rise height of volcanic plumes, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.110, issue.18, pp.3621-3624, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001GL013393

R. D. Cadle, Some effects of the emissions of explosive volcanoes on the stratosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.249, issue.C8, pp.4495-4498, 1980.
DOI : 10.1029/JC085iC08p04495

G. Carazzo, E. Kaminski, and S. Tait, On the rise of turbulent plumes: Quantitative effects of variable entrainment for submarine hydrothermal vents, terrestrial and extra terrestrial explosive volcanism, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.97, issue.E10, pp.71-90, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2007JB005458

S. Carey and H. Sigurdsson, Temporal variations in column height and magmadischarge rate during the 79 a.d. eruption of vesuvius, Geological Society of Amercian Bulletin, pp.99-303314, 1987.

H. K. Carlsen, A. Hauksdottir, U. A. Valdimarsdottir, T. Gslason, G. Einarsdottir et al., Health effects following the eyjafjallajkull volcanic eruption: a cohort study, Conclusions générale en français Conclusion G, p.32, 2012.

S. A. Carn, N. A. Krotkov, K. Yang, and A. Krueger, Measuring global volcanic degassing withthe ozone monitoring instrument (omi) (eds) remote sensing of volcanoes and volcanic processes: Integrating observation and modelling, pp.380-135, 2013.

R. Cas, Volcanic successions: modern and ancient: a geological approach to processes, p.17, 1987.

L. Clarisse, P. F. Coheur, A. J. Prata, D. Hurtmans, A. Razavi et al., Tracking and quantifying volcanic so2 with iasi, the september 2007 eruption at jebel at tair. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, pp.7723-7734, 2008.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00349230

M. T. Coffey, Observations of the impact of volcanic activity on stratospheric chemistry, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.230, issue.D3, pp.6767-6780, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD03763

J. M. Cohard and J. P. Pinty, A comprehensive two-moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. II: 2D experiments with a non-hydrostatic model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.38, issue.566, pp.1843-1859, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656614

P. Cole and A. Stinton, Scientific advisory committee on volcanic activity at soufriere hills volcano montserrat, p.32, 2010.

S. Corradini, L. Merucci, and A. J. Prata, Retrieval of so2 from thermal infrared satellite measurements: correction procedures for the effects of volcanic ash, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, pp.177-191, 2009.

J. Cuxart, P. Bougeault, and J. L. Redelsperger, A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large-eddy simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.28, issue.2, pp.1-30, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656202

A. Dai, K. Trenberth, and T. Qian, A global dataset of palmer drought severity index for 18702002: relationship with soil moisture and effects of surface warming, p.31, 2004.

F. Davis, Myths and Legends of Japan. Dover books on folklore, folk art, and folk song, p.14, 1992.

J. B. Dawson, First Thin Sections of Experimentally Melted Igneous Rocks: Sorby's Observations on Magma Crystallization, The Journal of Geology, vol.100, issue.2, pp.251-257, 1992.
DOI : 10.1086/629586

M. Vitturi, M. Neri, A. , E. Ongaro, T. Lo-savio et al., Lagrangian modeling of large volcanic particles: Application to vulcanian explosions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.115, p.54, 2010.

W. Degruyter and C. Bonadonna, Improving on mass flow rate estimates of volcanic eruptions, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.62, issue.B10, p.59, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GC001455

P. Delmelle and J. Stix, Volcanic gases. in: Encyclopedia of volcanoes, p.38, 2000.

&. Barquero and J. , Dry deposition and heavy acid loading in the vicinity of masaya volcano, a major sulfur and chlorine source in nicaragua, Environmental Science and Technology, vol.35, pp.1289-1293, 2001.

P. Delmelle, J. Stix, P. Baxter, J. Garcia-alvarez, and J. Barquero, Atmospheric dispersion, environmental effects and potential health hazard associated with the low-altitude gas plume of Masaya volcano, Nicaragua, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.64, issue.6, pp.423-434, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00445-002-0221-6

&. Johnson and B. J. , Volcanic aerosol and ozone depletion within the antarctic polar vortex during the austral spring of 1991, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.19, pp.1819-1822, 1992.

D. Muro, A. Neri, A. Rosi, and M. , Contemporaneous convective and collapsing eruptive dynamics: The transitional regime of explosive eruptions, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.31, p.54, 2004.

F. Dobran, A. Neri, and G. Macedonio, Numerical simulation of collapsing volcanic columns, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.8, issue.B3, pp.4231-4259, 1993.
DOI : 10.1029/92JB02409

S. D. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-doiron, G. J. Bluth, C. C. Schnetzler, A. J. Krueger, and L. S. Walter, Transport of cerro hudson so2 clouds, Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, vol.72, pp.489-498, 1991.

D. A. Dolske, Deposition of atmospheric pollutants to monuments, statues, and buildings, Science of The Total Environment, vol.167, issue.1-3, pp.15-31, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04566-J

R. Draxler and G. D. Hess, Description of the hysplit4 modeling system. NOAA Air Resources Laboratory, p.56, 1997.

E. G. Dutton and J. R. Christy, Solar radiative forcing at selected locations and evidence for global lower tropospheric cooling following the eruptions of El Chich??n and Pinatubo, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.5, issue.23, pp.2313-2316, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92GL02495

D. Eatough, F. Caka, and R. Farber, to Sulfate in the Atmosphere, Israel Journal of Chemistry, vol.44, issue.126, pp.301-314, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/ijch.199400034

E. Ongaro, T. Cavazzoni, C. Erbacci, G. Neri, A. Salvetti et al., A parallel multiphase flow code for the 3D simulation of explosive volcanic eruptions, Parallel Computing, vol.33, issue.7-8, pp.541-560, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.parco.2007.04.003

J. Farman, B. Gardiner, and J. Shanklin, Large losses of total o3 in atmosphere reveal seasonal clox, p.31, 1985.

B. Finlaysonpitts and J. Pitts-jr, Atmospheric Chemistry: Fundamentals and Experimental Techniques, p.48, 1986.

B. Finlaysonpitts and J. Pitts-jr, Chemistry of the upper and lower atmosphere,theory, experiments and applications, 1999.

P. Forsyth, In the Wake of Etna, 44 B.C., Classical Antiquity, vol.7, issue.1, pp.49-57, 1988.
DOI : 10.2307/25010878

B. Franklin, Meteorological imaginations and conjectures, p.38, 1784.

T. M. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-gerlach, Volcanic sources of tropospheric ozone-depleting trace gases, p.38, 2004.

L. Giacomelli, A. Perrotta, R. Scandone, and C. Scarpati, The eruption of vesuvius of 79 ad and its impact on human environment in pompei, p.29, 2003.

F. Gibb, Supercooling and the Crystallization of Plagioclase from a Basaltic Magma, Mineralogical Magazine, vol.39, issue.306, pp.641-653, 1974.
DOI : 10.1180/minmag.1974.039.306.02

J. Gilbert and R. Sparks, The Physics of Explosive Volcanic Eruptions. Geological Society London: Geological Society special publication, Geological Society, p.53, 1998.

L. S. Glaze and S. M. Baloga, Sensitivity of buoyant plume heights to ambient atmospheric conditions: Implications for volcanic eruption columns, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.53, issue.D1, pp.1529-1540, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JD03071

L. S. Glaze, S. M. Baloga, and L. Wilson, Transport of atmospheric water vapor by volcanic eruption columns, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.100, issue.44, pp.6099-6108, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD03125

H. M. Gonnermann and M. Manga, The Fluid Mechanics Inside a Volcano, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.39, issue.1, pp.321-356, 2007.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fluid.39.050905.110207

E. Gorham, S. E. Bayley, and D. W. Schindler, Ecological Effects of Acid Deposition Upon Peatlands: A Neglected Field in "Acid-Rain" Research, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.41, issue.8, pp.1256-1268, 1984.
DOI : 10.1139/f84-152

H. F. Graf, J. Feichter, and B. Langmann, Volcanic sulfur emissions: Estimates of source strength and its contribution to the global sulfate distribution, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.117, issue.23, pp.10727-10738, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD03265

H. F. Graf, B. Langmann, and J. Feichter, The contribution of Earth degassing to the atmospheric sulfur budget, Chemical Geology, vol.147, issue.1-2, pp.131-145, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0009-2541(97)00177-0

H. F. Graf, M. Herzog, J. M. Oberhuber, and C. Textor, Effect of environmental conditions on volcanic plume rise, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.53, issue.B12, pp.24309-24320, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900498

J. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-grattan, M. Durand, and S. Taylor, Illness and elevated human mortality in europe coincident with the laki fissure eruption. in: 'volcanic degassing: Geological society, special publication 213, pp.410-414, 2003.

G. A. Grell, S. E. Peckham, R. Schmitz, A. A. Mckeen, G. Frost et al., Fully coupled ???online??? chemistry within the WRF model, Atmospheric Environment, vol.39, issue.37, pp.6957-6976, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2005.04.027

J. Hansen, A. Lacis, R. Ruedy, M. Sato, and H. Wilson, How sensitive is the world's climate? 31, p.40, 1993.

E. Harris, B. Sinha, P. Hoppe, J. N. Crowley, S. Ono et al., Sulfur isotope fractionation during oxidation of sulfur dioxide: gas-phase oxidation by OH radicals and aqueous oxidation by H₂O₂, O₃ and iron catalysis, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.12, issue.1, pp.407-423, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-12-407-2012

S. Hastenrath, Climate Dynamics of the Tropics: From Climate and Circulation of the Tropics Atmospheric Sciences Library, Kluwer, p.86, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-3156-8

M. Herzog and J. M. Oberhuber, A Prognostic Turbulence Scheme for the Nonhydrostatic Plume Model ATHAM, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.60, issue.22, pp.2783-2796, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<2783:APTSFT>2.0.CO;2

M. Herzog, H. F. Graf, C. Textor, and J. M. Oberhuber, The effect of phase changes of water on the development of volcanic plumes, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.87, issue.1-4, pp.55-74, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00100-0

P. V. Hobbs, J. P. Tuell, D. A. Hegg, L. F. Radke, and M. W. Eltgroth, Particles and gases in the emissions from the 1980???1981 volcanic eruptions of Mt. St. Helens, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.12, issue.C13, pp.11062-11086, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/JC087iC13p11062

D. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-hofmann, S. Oltmans, J. Harris, S. Solomon, T. Deshler et al., Observation and possible causes of new ozone depletion in antarctica in 1991, Nature, vol.359, pp.283-287, 1992.

D. J. Hofmann and S. Solomon, Ozone destruction through heterogeneous chemistry following the eruption of El Chich??n, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.83, issue.3, pp.5029-5041, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JD094iD04p05029

D. J. Hofmann, J. M. Rosen, and W. Gringel, Delayed production of sulfuric acid condensation nuclei in the polar stratosphere from El Chichon volcanic vapors, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.25, issue.1, pp.2341-2354, 1985.
DOI : 10.1029/JD090iD01p02341

J. Holloway, Fluids in the evolution of granitic magmas: Consequences of finite CO2 solubility, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.87, issue.10, pp.1513-1518, 1976.
DOI : 10.1130/0016-7606(1976)87<1513:FITEOG>2.0.CO;2

J. J. Holloway and B. , Application of experimental results to c-o-h species in natural melts, in volatiles in magmas, America Reviews, vol.30, pp.187-230, 1994.

J. Holton, An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology. An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, p.79, 2004.

R. Honnert, V. Masson, and F. Couvreux, A Diagnostic for Evaluating the Representation of Turbulence in Atmospheric Models at the Kilometric Scale, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.68, issue.12, pp.31123131-66, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-11-061.1

F. Hourdin, F. Couvreux, and L. Menut, Parameterization of the Dry Convective Boundary Layer Based on a Mass Flux Representation of Thermals, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.59, issue.6, pp.1105-1123, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2002)059<1105:POTDCB>2.0.CO;2

G. Hunt and N. Kaye, Virtual origin correction for lazy turbulent plumes, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.435, pp.377-396, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112001003871

E. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-kjellstrom, A three-dimensional global model study of carbonyl sulfide in the troposphere and the lower stratosphere, Journal of Atmospheric Chemistry, vol.29, pp.151-177, 1998.

T. Koyaguchi and M. Tokuno, Origin of the giant eruption cloud of pinatubo, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.15, issue.55, pp.85-96, 1991.

E. C. Krug and C. R. Frink, Acid Rain on Acid Soil: A New Perspective, Science, vol.221, issue.4610, pp.520-525, 1983.
DOI : 10.1126/science.221.4610.520

G. Kullman, W. Jones, R. Cornwell, and J. E. Parker, Characterization of air contaminants formed by the interaction of lava and sea water, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.102, issue.5, pp.478-482, 1994.
DOI : 10.1289/ehp.94102478

C. Lacasse, S. Karlsdottir, G. Larsen, H. Soosalu, W. Rose et al., Weather radar observations of the Hekla 2000 eruption cloud, Iceland, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.66, issue.5, pp.457-473, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00445-003-0329-3

J. P. Lafore, J. Stein, N. Asencio, P. Bougeault, V. Ducrocq et al., The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.16, issue.1, pp.90-109, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329074

G. Lambert, M. F. Cloarec, and M. Pennisi, Volcanic output of SO2 and trace metals: A new approach, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.52, issue.1, pp.39-42, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(88)90054-3

B. Langmann, On the role of climate forcing by volcanic sulphate and volcanic ash Advances in Meteorology, pp.1-17, 2014.

B. Langmann, M. Hort, and T. Hansteen, Meteorological influence on the seasonal and diurnal variability of the dispersion of volcanic emissions in Nicaragua: A numerical model study, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.182, issue.1-2, pp.34-44, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.031

J. Lenat and P. Bachelery, Dynamics of magma transfer at piton de la fournaise volcano (runion island, indian ocean), Conclusions générale en français Conclusion Modeling of Volcanic Processes, pp.57-72, 1988.

D. Lesouëf, Ph. d thesis: Numerical studies of local atmospheric circulations over reunion island: application to the dispersion of pollutants, pp.118-122, 2010.

D. Lesouëf, F. Gheusi, R. Delmas, and J. Escobar, Numerical simulations of local circulations and pollution transport over Reunion Island, Annales Geophysicae, vol.29, issue.1, pp.53-69, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/angeo-29-53-2011

J. Li and A. Sharma, Evaluation of volcanic aerosol impacts on atmospheric water vapor using CMIP3 and CMIP5 simulations, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.102, issue.D25, pp.4448-4457, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<1697:LIOENO>2.0.CO;2

G. E. Likens, F. H. Bormann, and N. M. Johnson, Acid rain. Environment: Science and Policy for Sustainable Development, pp.33-40, 1972.

G. Lofgren, Experimental studies on the dynamic crystallization of silicate melts, pp.487-551, 1980.

D. D. Lucas and H. Akimoto, Contributions of anthropogenic and natural sources of sulfur to SO₂, H₂SO₄(g) and nanoparticle formation, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, vol.7, issue.3, pp.7679-7721, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acpd-7-7679-2007

G. Macedonio, A. Costa, and A. Longo, A computer model for volcanic ash fallout and assessment of subsequent hazard, Computers & Geosciences, vol.31, issue.7, pp.837-845, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cageo.2005.01.013

D. Mannino, S. Ruben, F. C. Holschuh, T. C. Holschuh, M. D. Wilson et al., Emergency department visits and hospitalizations for respiratory disease on the island of hawaii Annual trends on the island of hawaii and weekly variability in hilo, p.46, 1981.

V. Masson, P. Le-moigne, E. Martin, S. Faroux, A. Alias et al., The surfexv7.2 land and ocean surface platform for coupled or offline simulation of earth surface variables and fluxes, pp.929-960, 2013.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00968042

L. Mastin, M. Guffanti, R. Servranckx, P. Webley, S. Barsotti et al., A multidisciplinary effort to assign realistic source parameters to models of volcanic ash-cloud transport and dispersion during eruptions, Prediction and Tracking of Volcanic Ash Clouds, pp.10-21, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.01.008

T. Mather, D. Pyle, and C. Oppenheimer, Tropospheric volcanic aerosol, American Geophysical Union, vol.102, issue.16, pp.189-212, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/139GM12

A. Matulka, P. López, J. M. Redondo, and A. Tarquis, On the entrainment coefficient in a forced plume: quantitative effects of source parameters, Nonlinear Processes in Geophysics, vol.21, issue.1, pp.269-278, 2014.
DOI : 10.5194/npg-21-269-2014

B. T. Mccormick, M. Edmonds, T. A. Mather, R. Campion, C. S. Hayer et al., Volcano monitoring applications of the ozone monitoring instrument (omi) (eds) remote sensing of volcanoes and volcanic processes: Inte-grating observation and modelling, pp.380-135, 2013.

A. J. Mcgonigle, P. Delmelle, C. Oppenheimer, V. I. Tsanev, T. Delfosse et al., So2 depletion in tropospheric volcanic plumes, Geophysical Research Letters, pp.31-121, 2004.

. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion, K. Meeker, R. Chuang, P. Kyle, and J. Palais, Emission of elemental gold particles from mount erebus, ross island, antarctica, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.18, pp.1405-1408, 1991.

O. Melnik and R. S. Sparks, Nonlinear dynamics of lava dome extrusion, Nature, vol.402, issue.4, pp.37-41, 1999.

J. M. Mitchell, RECENT SECULAR CHANGES OF GLOBAL TEMPERATURE, Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, vol.14, issue.6, pp.235-250, 1961.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1961.tb50036.x

E. J. Mlawer, S. J. Taubman, P. D. Brown, M. J. Iacono, and S. A. Clough, Radiative transfer for inhomogeneous atmospheres: RRTM, a validated correlated-k model for the longwave, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.52, issue.D14, pp.16663-16682, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD00237

R. Montroty, F. Rabier, S. Westrelin, G. Faure, and N. Viltard, Impact of wind bogus and cloud- and rain-affected SSM/I data on tropical cyclone analyses and forecasts, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.57, issue.636, pp.1673-1699, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.308
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00338183

B. Morton, G. Taylor, and J. Turner, Turbulent Gravitational Convection from Maintained and Instantaneous Sources, Proceedings of the Royal Society London, pp.1-23, 1956.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1956.0011

A. Neri and G. Macedonio, Numerical simulation of collapsing volcanic columns with particles of two sizes, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.8, issue.B4, pp.8153-8174, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/95JB03451

A. Neri, A. D. Muro, and M. Rosi, Mass partition during collapsing and transitional columns by using numerical simulations, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.115, issue.1-2, pp.1-18, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(01)00304-3

A. Neri, E. Ongaro, T. Macedonio, G. Gidaspow, and D. , Multiparticle simulation of collapsing volcanic columns and pyroclastic flow, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.8, issue.7, p.54, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JB000508

A. Neri, E. Ongaro, T. Menconi, G. De-'michieli, M. Vitturi et al., 4D simulation of explosive eruption dynamics at Vesuvius, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.89, issue.B4, p.54, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GL028597

C. G. Newhall and S. Self, The volcanic explosivity index (VEI) an estimate of explosive magnitude for historical volcanism, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.35, issue.C2, pp.1231-1238, 1982.
DOI : 10.1029/JC087iC02p01231

J. Noilhan and J. F. Mahfouf, The ISBA land surface parameterisation scheme, Global and Planetary Change, vol.13, issue.1-4, pp.145-159, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0921-8181(95)00043-7

M. M. Novak, I. Watson, H. Delgado-granados, W. Rose, L. Crdenas-gonzlez et al., Volcanic emissions from popocatpetl volcano, mexico, quantified using moderate resolution imaging spectroradiometer (modis) infrared data: A case study of the december, 2008.

J. M. Oberhuber, M. Herzog, H. F. Graf, and K. Schwanke, Volcanic plume simulation on large scales, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.87, issue.1-4, pp.29-53, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00099-7

L. Oman, A. Robock, G. L. Stenchikov, and T. Thordarson, Highlatitude eruptions cast shadow over the african monsoon and the flow of the nile, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.33, p.30, 2006.

C. Oppenheimer, Climatic, environmental and human consequences of the largest known historic eruption: Tambora volcano (Indonesia) 1815, Progress in Physical Geography, pp.230-259, 2003.
DOI : 10.1191/0309133303pp379ra

C. Oppenheimer, BrO formation in volcanic plumes, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.70, issue.12, pp.29352941-29352978, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gca.2006.04.001

C. Oppenheimer, D. Pyle, and J. Barclay, Volcanic degassing, oppenheimer, p.43, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/b0-08-043751-6/03020-6

C. Oxlade, Igneous Rock . Let's Rock, Pearson Education, Conclusions générale en français Conclusion, 1920.

P. Papale and M. Polacci, Role of carbon dioxide in the dynamics of magma ascent in explosive eruptions, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.60, issue.8, pp.583-594, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004450050253

P. Papale, A. Neri, and G. Macedonio, The role of magma composition and water content in explosive eruptions, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.87, issue.1-4, pp.75-93, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00101-2

L. Parfitt and L. Wilson, Fundamentals of Physical Volcanology, p.23, 2009.

A. Patra, M. Bursik, J. Dehn, M. Jones, M. Pavolonis et al., A DDDAS Framework for Volcanic Ash Propagation and Hazard Analysis, proceedings of the International Conference on Computational Science, pp.1090-1099, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.procs.2012.04.118

A. Pattantyus and S. Businger, On the interaction of Tropical Cyclone Flossie and emissions from Hawaii's Kilauea volcano, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.38, issue.D20, pp.4082-4089, 2014.
DOI : 10.1029/2010/GL046052

A. Peltier, T. Staudacher, P. Bachlery, and V. Cayol, Formation of the April 2007 caldera collapse at Piton de La Fournaise volcano: Insights from GPS data, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.184, issue.1-2, pp.152-163, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2008.09.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00450769

J. Pergaud, V. Masson, S. Malardel, and F. Couvreux, A Parameterization of Dry Thermals and Shallow Cumuli for Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.60, issue.1, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10546-009-9388-0

G. N. Petersen, H. Bjornsson, and P. Arason, The impact of the atmosphere on the eyjafjallajkull 2010 eruption plume, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.117, issue.33, p.76, 2012.

J. Petersen, D. Sack, and R. Gabler, Fundamentals of Physical Geography. Cengage Learning, p.15, 2010.

C. Pfister, The years without a summer in switzerland: 1628 and 1816, p.41, 1992.

. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion, M. Pham, J. F. Muller, G. P. Brasseur, C. Granier et al., A three-dimensional study of the tropospheric sulfur cycle, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.100, pp.26061-26092, 1995.

A. Pietruczuk, J. W. Krzyscin, J. Jarosawski, J. Podgorski, P. Sobolewski et al., Eyjafjallajokull volcano ash observed over belsk (52 n, International Journal of Remote Sensing, vol.21, pp.31-39813986, 2010.

J. Pinty and P. Jabouille, A mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in a mesoscale non-hydrostatic model: simulations of a squall line and of orographic precipitations, Tenth ams cloud physics conference, p.65, 1998.

J. N. Porter, K. A. Horton, P. J. Mouginis-mark, B. Lienert, S. K. Sharma et al., Sun photometer and lidar measurements of the plume from the hawaii kilauea volcano pu'u o'o vent: Aerosol flux and so2 lifetime, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.29, pp.30-31, 2002.

M. Prather, Catastrophic loss of stratospheric ozone in dense volcanic clouds, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.18, issue.D9, pp.10187-10191, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92JD00845

D. Pyle, The thickness, volume and grainsize of tephra fall deposits, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.83, issue.1, pp.1-15, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01086757

V. Ramanathan, P. J. Crutzen, J. T. Kiehl, and D. Rosenfeld, Aerosols, Climate, and the Hydrological Cycle, Science, vol.294, issue.5549, pp.2119-2124, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1064034

D. A. Randall, B. Albrecht, S. K. Cox, P. Minnis, W. Rossow et al., On Fire at Ten, Adv. Geophys, vol.38, pp.37-177, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-2687(08)60020-5

J. A. Resing and F. J. Sansone, The chemical signature of lava-seawater interactions: The generation of acidity, p.48, 1999.

C. Rio, F. Hourdin, and A. Chédin, Numerical simulation of tropospheric injection of biomass burning products by pyro-thermal plumes, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.10, issue.8, pp.3463-3478, 2010.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-10-3463-2010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01142306

M. Ripepe, C. Bonadonna, A. Folch, D. D. Donne, G. Lacanna et al., Ash-plume dynamics and eruption source parameters by infrasound and thermal imagery: The 2010 eyjafjallajkull eruption . Earth and Planetary Science Letters, pp.112-121, 2013.

M. Rix, P. Valks, N. Hao, D. Loyola, H. Schlager et al., Volcanic so2, bro and plume height estimations using gome-2 satellite measurements during the eruption of eyjafjallajkull in may 2010, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.117, p.47, 2012.

&. Robock and . Oppenheimer, Volcanism and the earth's atmosphere, p.59, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/GM139

A. Robock, Volcanic eruptions and climate, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.23, issue.44, pp.41-58, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1998RG000054

A. Robock and C. Mass, The Mount St. Helens Volcanic Eruption of 18 May 1980: Large Short-Term Surface Temperature Effects, Science, vol.216, issue.4546, pp.628-630, 1982.
DOI : 10.1126/science.216.4546.628

A. Robock and M. Matson, Circumglobal Transport of the El Chichon Volcanic Dust Cloud, Science, vol.221, issue.4606, p.38, 1983.
DOI : 10.1126/science.221.4606.195

A. Robock, T. Adams, M. Moore, L. Oman, and G. Stenchikov, Southern Hemisphere atmospheric circulation effects of the 1991 Mount Pinatubo eruption, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.24, issue.47, p.31, 2007.
DOI : 10.1029/2007GL031403

W. Rose, Y. Gu, I. Watson, T. Yu, G. Blut et al., The FebruaryMarch 2000 Eruption of Hekla, Iceland from a Satellite Perspective, & Conclusions générale en français Conclusion Flittner, pp.107-132, 2013.

G. Roult, A. Peltier, B. Taisne, T. Staudacher, V. Ferrazzini et al., A new comprehensive classification of the piton de la fournaise activity spanning the 19852010 period. search and analysis of short-term precursors from a broad-band seismological station, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.241242, issue.75, pp.78-104, 2012.

W. Schlesinger and E. Bernhardt, Biogeochemistry: An Analysis of Global Change, p.37, 2013.

A. Schmidt, Modelling Tropospheric Volcanic Aerosol: From Aerosol Microphysical Processes to Earth System Impacts, p.43, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-34839-6

A. Schmidt, K. S. Carslaw, G. W. Mann, A. Rap, K. J. Pringle et al., Importance of tropospheric volcanic aerosol for indirect radiative forcing of climate, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.12, issue.16, pp.7321-7339, 2012.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-12-7321-2012

H. Schmincke, Geological Field Guide of Gran Canaria, p.37, 1993.

K. Sturm, Airborne observations of the eyjafjalla volcano ash cloud over europe during air space closure in april and may 2010, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.11, pp.2245-2279, 2011.

H. F. Schwaiger, R. P. Denlinger, and L. G. Mastin, Ash3d: A finite-volume, conservative numerical model for ash transport and tephra deposition, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.44, issue.2, p.58, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/0012-821X(79)90179-1

S. Rampino, M. R. Newton, M. S. Wolff, and J. A. , Volcanological study of the great tambora eruption of 1815, p.31, 1984.

S. Self, J. X. Zhao, R. Holasek, R. Torres, and A. King, The atmospheric impact of the 1991 mount pinatubo eruption. in newhall, c.g., punongbayan, r.s. fire and mud, eruptions and lahars of mount pinatubo, philippines, p.31, 1998.

G. Sen, Petrology: Principles and Practice. SpringerLink : Bücher, p.22, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-642-38800-2

D. T. Shindell, G. A. Schmidt, M. E. Mann, and G. Faluvegi, Dynamic winter climate response to large tropical volcanic eruptions since 1600, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.107, issue.D8, p.40, 2004.
DOI : 10.1029/2003JD004151

A. Siebesma, Shallow Cumulus Convection, Buoyant Convection in Geophysical Flows NATO ASI Series, pp.441-486, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-011-5058-3_19

A. P. Siebesma and J. Teixeira, An advection-diffusion scheme for the convective boundary layer: description and 1d-results, Proc. 14th symposium on boundary layers and turbulence, pp.133-136, 2000.

A. P. Siebesma, P. M. Soares, and J. Teixeira, A Combined Eddy-Diffusivity Mass-Flux Approach for the Convective Boundary Layer, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.64, issue.4, pp.1230-1248, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS3888.1

A. P. Siebesma, C. S. Bretherton, A. Brown, A. Chlond, J. Cuxart et al., A Large Eddy Simulation Intercomparison Study of Shallow Cumulus Convection, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.60, issue.10, pp.1201-1219, 2013.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)60<1201:ALESIS>2.0.CO;2

H. Sigurdsson, Melting the earth: the history of ideas on volcanic eruptions, p.14, 1999.

J. Simpson and V. Wiggert, MODELS OF PRECIPITATING CUMULUS TOWERS, Monthly Weather Review, vol.97, issue.7, pp.471-489, 1969.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1969)097<0471:MOPCT>2.3.CO;2

I. Smithsonian, Frequently asked questions: Smithsonian institution: Global volcanism program, p.14, 2014.

P. M. Soares, P. M. Miranda, A. P. Siebesma, and J. Teixeira, An eddy-diffusivity/mass-flux parametrization for dry and shallow cumulus convection, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.30, issue.604, pp.3365-3383, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.223

B. J. Soden, R. T. Wetherald, G. L. Stenchikov, and A. Robock, Global Cooling After the Eruption of Mount Pinatubo: A Test of Climate Feedback by Water Vapor, Science, vol.296, issue.5568, pp.727-730, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.296.5568.727

R. Sparks, The dimensions and dynamics of volcanic eruption columns, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.3-15, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01073509

R. Sparks, Dynamics of magma degassing, Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol.213, issue.1, pp.5-22, 2003.
DOI : 10.1144/GSL.SP.2003.213.01.02

R. Sparks, Forecasting volcanic eruptions. Earth and Planetary Science Letters, pp.1-15, 2003.

R. J. Sparks, M. Bursik, S. Carey, J. Gilbert, L. Glaze et al., Volcanic plumes, p.33, 1997.

R. S. Sparks and W. P. Aspinall, Volcanic activity: Frontiers and challenges in forecasting, prediction and risk assessment, American Geophysical Union, vol.23, issue.4, pp.359-373, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/150GM28

R. S. Sparks and S. R. Young, The eruption of soufrire hills volcano, montserrat (1995-1999): overview of scientific results, p.32, 2002.

J. Steele, S. Thorpe, and K. Turekian, Elements of Physical Oceanography: A derivative of the Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences, p.37, 2009.

J. Steingrímsson and K. Kunz, Fires of the earth: the Laki eruption Nordic Volcanological Institute, pp.1783-1784, 1998.

G. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-stenchikov, A. Robock, V. Ramaswamy, M. D. Schwarzkopf, K. Hamilton et al., Arctic oscillation response to the 1991 mount pinatubo eruption: Effects of volcanic aerosols and ozone depletion, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.107, pp.28-29, 2002.

D. S. Stevenson, C. Johnson, W. Collins, and R. G. Derwent, The tropospheric sulphur cycle and the role of volcanic SO2, pp.295-305, 2003.

D. S. Stevenson, C. E. Johnson, E. J. Highwood, V. Gauci, W. J. Collins et al., Atmospheric impact of the 1783???1784 Laki eruption: Part I Chemistry modelling, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.3, issue.3, pp.487-507, 2003.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-3-487-2003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00295255

W. R. Stockwell, P. Middleton, J. S. Chang, and X. Tang, The second generation regional acid deposition model chemical mechanism for regional air quality modeling, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.18, issue.D10, pp.16343-16367, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JD095iD10p16343

A. Stohl, A. J. Prata, S. Eckhardt, L. Clarisse, A. Durant et al., Determination of time- and height-resolved volcanic ash emissions and their use for quantitative ash dispersion modeling: the 2010 Eyjafjallaj??kull eruption, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.11, issue.9, pp.4333-4351, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-11-4333-2011

H. Stommel and E. Stommel, Volcano weather: the story of 1816, the year without a summer, p.31, 1983.

R. B. Stothers, The Great Tambora Eruption in 1815 and Its Aftermath, Science, vol.224, issue.4654, pp.1191-1198, 1984.
DOI : 10.1126/science.224.4654.1191

R. B. Stothers, The great dry fog of 1783, Climatic Change, vol.21, issue.1, pp.79-89, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00141279

S. Strada, C. Mari, J. Filippi, and F. Bosseur, Wildfire and the atmosphere: Modelling the chemical and dynamic interactions at the regional scale, Atmospheric Environment, vol.51, issue.65, pp.234-249, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2012.01.023
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00667475

W. T. Penkett, S. A. Barnola, J. M. Chappellaz, J. Atlas, E. Stroud et al., A long-term record of carbonyl sulfide (cos) in two hemispheres from firn air measurements, Conclusions générale en français Conclusion Sturges, pp.4095-4098, 2001.

J. Sutton, T. Elias, J. Hendley, and P. Stauffer, Volcanic air pollutiona hazard in hawaii, p.48, 2000.

Y. J. Suzuki and T. Koyaguchi, Numerical determination of the efficiency of entrainment in volcanic eruption columns, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.50, issue.3, p.81, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2009GL042159

Y. J. Suzuki, T. Koyaguchi, M. Ogawa, and I. Hachisu, A numerical study of turbulent mixing in eruption clouds using a three-dimensional fluid dynamics model, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.53, issue.4, p.73, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JB003460

G. J. Symons, The eruption of krakatoa, and subsequent phenomena, p.38, 1888.

A. Tabazadeh and R. P. Turco, Stratospheric Chlorine Injection by Volcanic Eruptions: HCI Scavenging and Implications for Ozone, Science, vol.260, issue.5111, pp.1082-1086, 1993.
DOI : 10.1126/science.260.5111.1082

P. Tate, The Rise and Dilution of Buoyant Jets and Their Behaviour in an Internal Wave Field, p.100, 2002.

F. G. Taupin, M. Bessafi, S. Baldy, and P. J. Bremaud, Tropospheric ozone above the southwestern Indian Ocean is strongly linked to dynamical conditions prevailing in the tropics, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.102, issue.16, pp.8057-8066, 1999.
DOI : 10.1029/98JD02456

C. Textor, H. Graf, C. Timmreck, and A. Robock, Chapter 7: Emissions from volcanoes, pp.269-303, 2004.

C. Textor, H. Graf, A. Longo, A. Neri, T. E. Ongaro et al., Numerical simulation of explosive volcanic eruptions from the conduit flow to global atmospheric scales. Annals of Geophysics, 48. Conclusions générale en français Conclusion Theys, 2005.

M. De-mazire, First satellite detection of volcanic bromine monoxide emission after the kasatochi eruption, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.36, p.37, 2009.

N. Theys, R. Campion, L. Clarisse, H. Brenot, J. Van-gent et al., Volcanic SO₂ fluxes derived from satellite data: a survey using OMI, GOME-2, IASI and MODIS, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.13, issue.12, pp.5945-5968, 2013.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-13-5945-2013

S. Thorarinsson, On the damage caused by volcanic eruptions, with special reference to tephra and gases Activity and Human Ecology, p.30, 1979.

S. Thorarinsson, Greetings from Iceland. Ash-Falls and Volcanic Aerosols in Scandinavia, Geografiska Annaler. Series A, Physical Geography, vol.63, issue.3/4, pp.109-118, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/520822

T. Thordarson and S. Self, Atmospheric and environmental effects of the 17831784 laki eruption: A review and reassessment, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.108, issue.29, pp.7-8, 2003.

K. E. Trenberth and A. Dai, Effects of Mount Pinatubo volcanic eruption on the hydrological cycle as an analog of geoengineering, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.5, issue.D18, pp.31-41, 2007.
DOI : 10.1126/science.296.5576.2095a

R. M. Trigo, J. M. Vaquero, M. J. Alcoforado, M. Barriendos, J. Taborda et al., Iberia in 1816, the year without a summer, International Journal of Climatology, vol.7, issue.1, pp.99-115, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.1693

P. Tulet and N. Villeneuve, Large scale modeling of the transport, chemical transformation and mass budget of the sulfur emitted during the April 2007 eruption of Piton de la Fournaise, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.11, issue.9, pp.4533-4546, 2011.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-11-4533-2011
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00682444

P. Tulet, V. Crassier, F. Solmon, D. Guedalia, and R. Rosset, Description of the Mesoscale Nonhydrostatic Chemistry model and application to a transboundary pollution episode between northern France and southern England, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.2, issue.D22, pp.5-6, 2003.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD000301
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00136468

. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion, P. Tulet, V. Crassier, F. Cousin, K. Suhre et al., Orilam, a three-moment lognormal aerosol scheme for mesoscale atmospheric model: Online coupling into the meso-nh-c model and validation on the escompte campaign, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.110, p.55, 2005.

P. Tulet, A. Grini, R. J. Griffin, and S. Petitcol, Orilam-soa: A computationally efficient model for predicting secondary organic aerosols in threedimensional atmospheric models, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.111, p.55, 2006.

A. Tupper, K. Kinoshita, C. Kanagaki, N. Iino, and Y. Kamada, Observations of volcanic cloud heights and ash-atmosphere interactions, p.58, 2003.

A. Tupper, C. Textor, M. Herzog, H. F. Graf, and M. Richards, Tall clouds from small eruptions: the sensitivity of eruption height and fine ash content to tropospheric instability, Natural Hazards, vol.33, issue.1, pp.375-401, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s11069-009-9433-9

M. Urai, Sulfur dioxide flux estimation from volcanoes using Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer???a case study of Miyakejima volcano, Japan, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.134, issue.1-2, pp.1-13, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2003.11.008

G. Valentine, Eruption column physics, p.27, 1997.

G. A. Valentine and K. H. Wohletz, Numerical models of Plinian eruption columns and pyroclastic flows, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.9, issue.B2, pp.1867-1887, 1989.
DOI : 10.1029/JB094iB02p01867

R. Von-glasow, Atmospheric chemistry in volcanic plumes, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.107, issue.15, pp.65946599-65946637, 2010.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.0913164107

R. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion-von-glasow, N. Bobrowski, and C. Kern, The effects of volcanic eruptions on atmospheric chemistry, Volcanic Systems and Their Environmental Impacts, pp.131-142, 2009.

G. Walker, Plinian eruptions and their products, Bulletin Volcanologique, vol.69, issue.2, pp.223-240, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02600561

M. Wegmann, Impacts of explosive volcanic eruptions on large-scale climate variability in model ensemble data for the last 400 years. Master's thesis, Faculty of Sciences, pp.39-41, 2012.

J. White and B. Houghton, Surtseyan and related phreatomagmatic eruptions, Encyclopedia of volcanoes, p.16, 2000.

R. Wicander and J. Monroe, Essentials of Geology. Cengage Learning, p.22, 2005.

L. Wilson, R. S. Sparks, T. C. Huang, and N. D. Watkins, The control of volcanic column heights by eruption energetics and dynamics, Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, vol.45, issue.2, pp.1829-1836, 1978.
DOI : 10.1029/JB083iB04p01829

L. Wilson, R. S. Sparks, and G. P. Walker, Explosive volcanic eruptions -- IV. The control of magma properties and conduit geometry on eruption column behaviour, Geophysical Journal International, vol.63, issue.1, pp.117-148, 1980.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-246X.1980.tb02613.x

M. L. Witek, J. Teixeira, and G. Matheou, An Eddy Diffusivity???Mass Flux Approach to the Vertical Transport of Turbulent Kinetic Energy in Convective Boundary Layers, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.68, issue.10, pp.2385-2394, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-11-06.1

K. H. Wohletz, T. R. Mcgetchin, M. T. Sandford, and E. M. Jones, Hydrodynamic aspects of caldera-forming eruptions: Numerical models, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.I and II, issue.2, pp.8269-8285, 1984.
DOI : 10.1029/JB089iB10p08269

E. W. Wolff and R. Mulvaney, Reactions on sulphuric acid aerosol and on polar stratospheric clouds in the Antarctic stratosphere, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.16, issue.6, pp.1007-1010, 1991.
DOI : 10.1029/91GL01158

. Conclusions-générale-en-français-conclusion and A. Woods, The fluid dynamics and thermodynamics of eruption columns, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.50, issue.81, pp.169-193, 1988.

S. Wright, Buoyant Jets in Density???Stratified Crossflow, Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, vol.110, issue.5, pp.643-656, 1984.
DOI : 10.1061/(ASCE)0733-9429(1984)110:5(643)

K. Yang, N. A. Krotkov, A. J. Krueger, S. A. Carn, P. Bhartia et al., Retrieval of large volcanic so2 columns fromthe aura ozone monitoring instrument: Comparison and limitations, Journal of Geophysical Research- Atmospheres, vol.112, pp.24-47, 2007.

T. Yuan, L. A. Remer, and H. Yu, Microphysical, macrophysical and radiative signatures of volcanic aerosols in trade wind cumulus observed by the a-train, 2011.

J. Zeilinga-de-boer and D. T. Sanders, Volcanoes in human history: The far-reaching effects of major eruptions, p.14, 2004.
DOI : 10.1515/9781400842858