M. P. Baldwin and L. J. Gray, Tropical stratospheric zonal winds in ECMWF ERA-40 reanalysis, rocketsonde data, and rawinsonde data, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.66, issue.2, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004GL022328

K. Marquardt, M. Sato, and . Takahashi, The quasi-biennial oscillation, Rev. Geophys, vol.39, issue.2, pp.179-22910, 2001.

D. Scinocca, H. Shindell, M. Struthers, D. Takahashi, and . Thompson, Climate-ozone connections, Chapter, Scientific Assessment of Ozone Depletion: 2006, Global Ozone Research and Monitoring Project?Report No. 50, 572 pp., World Meteorological Organization, 2007.

P. Baron, D. P. Murtagh, J. Urban, H. Sagawa, S. Ochiai et al., Observation of horizontal winds in the middle-atmosphere between 30° S and 55° N during the northern winter 2009–2010, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, vol.12, issue.12, pp.32473-3251310, 2009.
DOI : 10.5194/acpd-12-32473-2012

G. Boccara, A. Hertzog, C. Basdevant, and F. Vial, Accuracy of NCEP/NCAR reanalyses and ECMWF analyses in the lower stratosphere over Antarctica in 2005, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.375, issue.D5, pp.10-1029, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008JD010116

G. Brasseur, S. Et, and . Solomon, Aeronomy of the Middle Atmosphere Chemistry and Physics of the Stratosphere and the Mesosphere. 1984; rev, 1986.

G. P. Brasseur and S. Solomon, Aeronomy of the middle atmosphere, Atmospheric and Oceanographic Sciences Library, p.644, 2005.

A. W. Brewer, Evidence for a world circulation provided by the measurements of helium and water vapour distribution in the stratosphere, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.2, issue.326, pp.351-363, 1949.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49707532603

N. Butchart, A. A. Scaife, M. Bourqui, J. De-grandpré, S. H. Hare et al., Simulations of anthropogenic change in the strength of the Brewer???Dobson circulation, Climate Dynamics, vol.51, issue.7???8, pp.7-8, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-006-0162-4

G. Pawson, D. A. Pitari, E. Plummer, F. Rozanov, J. F. Sassi et al., Chemistry-climate model simulations of 21st century stratospheric climate and circulation changes, J. Clim, vol.23, issue.201, pp.10-1175, 2010.

A. J. Charlton and L. M. Polvani, A New Look at Stratospheric Sudden Warmings. Part I: Climatology and Modeling Benchmarks, Journal of Climate, vol.20, issue.3, pp.449-471, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI3996.1

M. Charron and C. , The Stratospheric Extension of the Canadian Global Deterministic Medium-Range Weather Forecasting System and Its Impact on Tropospheric Forecasts, Monthly Weather Review, vol.140, issue.6, pp.1924-1944, 2012.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR-D-11-00097.1

M. Ovarlez and . Piot, Evaluation of ECMWF ERA-40 temperature and wind in the lower tropical stratosphere since 1988 from past long-duration balloon measurements, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.75194, pp.3399-340910, 2007.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328508

E. Cordero, P. A. Newman, C. Weaver, and E. Fleming, Chapter 6: stratospheric dynamics and the transport of ozone and other trace gases, Stratospheric Ozone: An Electronic Textbook

R. Deckert and M. Dameris, ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCE: From Ocean to Stratosphere, Science, vol.322, issue.5898, pp.53-55, 2008.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1163709

D. P. Dee, S. M. Uppala, A. J. Simmons, P. Berrisford, P. Poli et al., The ERA-Interim reanalysis: configuration and performance of the data assimilation system, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.91, issue.656, pp.553-597, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.828

G. M. Dobson, Origin and Distribution of the Polyatomic Molecules in the Atmosphere, Proceedings of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, vol.236, issue.1205, pp.187-193, 1956.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1956.0127

I. Durre, R. S. Vose, and D. B. Wuertz, Overview of the Integrated Global Radiosonde Archive, Journal of Climate, vol.19, issue.1, pp.53-68, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI3594.1

. Boering, Age of stratospheric air unchanged within uncertainties over the past 30 years, Nature Geosci, vol.2, pp.28-31, 2009.

V. Eyring, A Strategy for Process-Oriented Validation of Coupled Chemistry???Climate Models, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.86, issue.8, pp.1117-1134, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/BAMS-86-8-1117

R. R. Garcia, T. J. Dunkerton, R. S. Lieberman, and R. A. Vincent, Climatology of the semiannual oscillation of the tropical middle atmosphere, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.51, issue.D22, pp.26019-2603210, 1997.
DOI : 10.1029/97JD00207

E. P. Gerber and C. , Stratosphere-troposphere coupling and annular mode variability in chemistry-climate models, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.65, issue.D24, pp.0-0610, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JD013770

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00510752

A. Hertzog, C. Basdevant, F. Vial, and C. R. Mechoso, The accuracy of stratospheric analyses in the northern hemisphere inferred from long-duration balloon flights, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.106, issue.597, pp.607-626, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.76

A. Hertzog, C. Basdevant, F. Vial, and C. R. Mechoso, The accuracy of stratospheric analyses in the northern hemisphere inferred from long-duration balloon flights, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.106, issue.597, pp.607-626, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.76

A. Hertzog, C. Basdevant, and F. Vial, An Assessment of ECMWF and NCEP?NCAR Reanalyses in the southern hemisphere at the end of the presatellite era: results from the EOLE experiment, pp.1971-72, 2006.

A. Hertzog, Strat??ole/Vorcore???Long-duration, Superpressure Balloons to Study the Antarctic Lower Stratosphere during the 2005 Winter, Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.24, issue.12, pp.2048-2061, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/2007JTECHA948.1

P. G. Hess, Mixing Processes Following the Final Stratospheric Warming, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.48, issue.14, pp.1625-1641, 1991.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1625:MPFTFS>2.0.CO;2

I. Hirota and T. Niki, A statistical study of inertia?gravity waves in the middle atmosphere, J. Meteorol. Soc. Jpn, vol.63, pp.1055-1066, 1985.

P. Hitchcock, T. G. Shepherd, and G. L. Manney, Statistical Characterization of Arctic Polar-Night Jet Oscillation Events, Journal of Climate, vol.26, issue.6, pp.2096-2116
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI-D-12-00202.1

D. J. Hofmann and T. Deshler, Stratospheric cloud observations during formation of the Antarctic ozone hole in 1989, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.17, issue.D2, pp.2897-291210, 1991.
DOI : 10.1029/90JD02494

J. R. Holton, An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, American Journal of Physics, vol.41, issue.5, 2004.
DOI : 10.1119/1.1987371

J. R. Holton and M. J. Alexander, The role of waves in the transport circulation of the middle atmosphere, Atmospheric Science Across the Stratopause, p.123, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/GM123p0021

J. R. Holton, P. H. Haynes, M. E. Mcintyre, A. R. Douglass, R. B. Rood et al., Stratosphere-troposphere exchange, Reviews of Geophysics, vol.51, issue.2, p.403, 1995.
DOI : 10.1029/95RG02097

K. Houchi, A. Stoffelen, G. J. Marseille, and J. De-kloe, Comparison of wind and wind shear climatologies derived from high-resolution radiosondes and the ECMWF model, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.136, issue.515, pp.2212310-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JD013196

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01136860

B. Huang, Z. Z. Hu, J. L. Kinter, I. , Z. Wu et al., Connection of stratospheric QBO with global atmospheric general circulation and tropical SST. Part I: methodology and composite life cycle, Climate Dynamics, vol.67, issue.1-2, pp.1-2310, 2011.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-011-1250-7

A. S. Huesmann and M. H. Hitchman, The stratospheric quasi-biennial oscillation in the NCEP reanalyses: Climatological structures, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.10, issue.D11, pp.11859-1187410, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD900031

M. M. Hurwitz, P. A. Newman, and C. I. Garfinkel, The Arctic vortex in: a dynamical perspective, Atm. Chem. Phys, vol.115194, pp.11447-1145310, 2011.

P. Kallberg, Aspects of the re-analysed climate'. ECMWF ERA-15 Project Report Series European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts, 1997.

B. M. Knudsen, T. Christensen, A. Hertzog, A. Deme, F. Vial et al., Accuracy of analyzed temperatures, winds and trajectories in the Southern Hemisphere tropical and midlatitude stratosphere as compared to long-duration balloon flights, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.6, issue.12, pp.5391-5397, 2006.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-6-5391-2006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00328471

B. M. Knudsen, J. Pommereau, A. Garnier, M. Nunes-pinharanda, L. Denis et al., Accuracy of analyzed stratospheric temperatures in the winter Arctic vortex from infrared Montgolfier long-duration balloon flights 2. Results, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.122, issue.D20, p.10, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD001329

T. N. Krishnamurti, A vertical cross section through the ???polar-night??? jet stream, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.86, issue.11, 1959.
DOI : 10.1029/JZ064i011p01835

Y. Kuroda and K. Kodera, Variability of the polar night jet in the northern and southern hemispheres, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.47, issue.D18, pp.20703-2071310, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2001JD900226

S. Laroche and R. Sarrazin, 2013 : Impact of radiosonde balloon drift on numerical weather prediction and verification. Weather and Forecasting, pp.772-782

E. Lehmann and P. Névir, Uncertainties in relative atmospheric angular momentum computed from zonal winds in reanalysis data, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.105, issue.2, pp.10-1029, 2012.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900198

P. Lin and Q. Fu, Changes in various branches of the Brewer-Dobson circulation from an ensemble of chemistry climate models, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.25, issue.8, pp.73-8410, 2012018813.
DOI : 10.1175/2011JCLI4048.1

G. L. Manney, K. Krüger, J. L. Sabutis, S. A. Sena, and S. Pawson, The remarkable 2003???2004 winter and other recent warm winters in the Arctic stratosphere since the late 1990s, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.105, issue.5410, pp.410710-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD005367

N. Kyrö and . Larsen, Unprecedented Arctic ozone loss in 2011, Nature, vol.478, issue.7370, pp.469-475, 2011.

G. L. Manney, N. J. Livesey, C. J. Jimenez, H. C. Pumphrey, M. L. Santee et al., EOS Microwave Limb Sounder observations of ???frozen-in??? anticyclonic air in Arctic summer, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.51, issue.6, p.681010, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2005GL025418

A. G. Marshall and A. A. Scaife, Improved predictability of stratospheric sudden warming events in an atmospheric general circulation model with enhanced stratospheric resolution, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.27, issue.9, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2009JD012643

T. Matsuno, Vertical Propagation of Stationary Planetary Waves in the Winter Northern Hemisphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.27, issue.6, pp.871-883, 1970.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1970)027<0871:VPOSPW>2.0.CO;2

T. Matsuno, A Dynamical Model of the Stratospheric Sudden Warming, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.28, issue.8, pp.1479-1494, 1971.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<1479:ADMOTS>2.0.CO;2

M. E. Mcintyre and T. N. Palmer, Breaking planetary waves in the stratosphere, Nature, vol.296, issue.5935, pp.593-600, 1983.
DOI : 10.1038/305593a0

M. E. Mcintyre and T. N. Palmer, The ???surf zone??? in the stratosphere, Journal of Atmospheric and Terrestrial Physics, vol.46, issue.9, pp.825-849, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9169(84)90063-1

C. Mclandress and T. G. Shepherd, Simulated Anthropogenic Changes in the Brewer???Dobson Circulation, Including Its Extension to High Latitudes, Journal of Climate, vol.22, issue.6, pp.1516-1540, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/2008JCLI2679.1

T. Moffat?griffin, R. E. Hibbins, M. J. Jarvis, and S. R. Colwell, Seasonal variations of gravity wave activity in the lower stratosphere over an Antarctic Peninsula station, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.106, issue.D24, pp.1411110-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2010JD015349

G. Pomathiod and . Chalumeau, SPIRALE: a multispecies in situ balloonborne instrument with six tunable diode laser spectrometers, Appl. Opt, vol.44, pp.5972-5989, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00112687

S. Polavarapu, T. G. Shepherd, Y. Rochon, R. , and S. , Some challenges of middle atmosphere data assimilation, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.43, issue.613, pp.3513-3527, 2005.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.05.87

J. ?. Pommereau and A. Hauchecorne, A new atmospheric vehicle: The Infra-Red Montgolfiere Advances in Space Research Scientific ballooning, pp.55-58, 1979.

J. H. Richter, A. Solomon, and J. T. Bacmeister, On the simulation of the quasi-biennial oscillation in the Community Atmosphere Model, version 5, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.3, issue.17, pp.3045-306210, 2014.
DOI : 10.1029/2011JD016778

R. Rüfenacht, N. Kämpfer, and A. Murk, 2012: First middle-atmospheric zonal wind profile measurements with a new ground-based microwave Doppler-spectro-radiometer

R. Scherhag, Die explosionsartige Stratosphärenerwarmung des Spät-winters, Ber. Deut. Wetterdieustes, vol.52, issue.6, pp.51-63, 1951.

W. J. Seviour, N. Butchart, and S. C. Hardiman, The Brewer-Dobson circulation inferred from ERA-Interim, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.131, issue.665, pp.878-888
DOI : 10.1002/qj.966

M. Sigmond, J. F. Scinocca, V. V. Kharin, and T. G. Shepherd, Enhanced seasonal forecast skill following stratospheric sudden warmings, Nature Geoscience, vol.6, issue.2, pp.98-102, 2013.
DOI : 10.1029/2002JD002670

S. Ccmval, V. Eyring, T. G. Shepherd, and D. W. Waugh, SPARC Report on the Evaluation of Chemistry-Climate Models, Stratospheric Processes And their Role in Climate (SPARC) Report No. 5, 2010.

R. Thiéblemont, 2012 : Dynamique de la stratosphère au printemps et en été : étude des couplages tropiques/pôles, Thèse de doctorat sous la direction de N. Huret, 2012.

C. Torrence and G. P. Compo, A Practical Guide to Wavelet Analysis, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.79, issue.1, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0477(1998)079<0061:APGTWA>2.0.CO;2

F. Vial, A. Hertzog, C. R. Mechoso, C. Basdevant, P. Cocquerez et al., A study of the dynamics of the equatorial lower stratosphere by use of ultra-long-duration balloons: 1. Planetary scales, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.44, issue.D19, pp.22725-2274310, 1029.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD000241

R. A. Vincent and A. Hertzog, The response of superpressure balloons to gravity wave motions, Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, vol.7, issue.4, pp.1043-105510
DOI : 10.5194/amt-7-1043-2014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01088409

F. Vitart, Monthly Forecasting at ECMWF, Monthly Weather Review, vol.132, issue.12, pp.2761-2779, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR2826.1

N. ?agar, N. Gustafsson, and E. Källén, Variational data assimilation in the tropics: The impact of a background-error constraint, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.57, issue.596, pp.103-125, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.03.13

F. Zink and R. Vincent, Wavelet analysis of stratospheric gravity wave packets over Macquarie Island: 1. Wave parameters, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.106, issue.D10, pp.275-10288, 2001.
DOI : 10.1029/2000JD900847