A. Aguilar and A. Borrell, Reproductive transfer and variation of body load of organochlorine pollutants with age in fin whales (Balaenoptera physalus), Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.27, issue.4, pp.546-554, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00214848

A. Aguilar and A. Borrell, Pollution and Harbour Porpoises in the Eastern North Atlantic: A Review, Reports of the International Whaling Commission, pp.231-242, 1995.

A. Aguilar, A. Borrell, and T. Pastor, Biological factors affecting variability of persistent pollutant levels in cetaceans, Journal of Cetacean Research and Management, pp.83-116, 1999.

A. Aguilar, A. Borrell, and P. J. Reijnders, Geographical and temporal variation in levels of organochlorine contaminants in marine mammals, Marine Environmental Research, vol.53, issue.5, pp.425-452, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0141-1136(01)00128-3

E. Alfonsi, S. Hassani, F. Carpentier, L. Clec-'h, J. Dabin et al., A European Melting Pot of Harbour Porpoise in the French Atlantic Coasts Inferred from Mitochondrial and Nuclear Data Artic Monitoring and Assessment Programme. AMAP Assessment Report: Arctic Pollution Issues A new approach to graphical analysis of feeding strategy from stomach contents data?modification of the Costello, AMAP Secretariat Journal of Fish Biology, vol.48, pp.607-614, 1990.

Y. Anan, T. Kunito, T. Ikemoto, R. Kubota, I. Watanabe et al., Elevated Concentrations of Trace Elements in Caspian Seals (Phoca caspica) Found Stranded During the Mass Mortality Events in, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.42, pp.354-362, 2000.

H. B. Anderson, P. G. Evans, J. M. Potts, M. P. Harris, and S. Wanless, The diet of Common Guillemot Uria aalge chicks provides evidence of changing prey communities in the North Sea, The International Journal of Avian Science, vol.156, pp.23-34, 2014.

A. Aubail, P. Méndez-fernandez, P. Bustamante, C. Churlaud, M. Ferreira et al., Use of skin and blubber tissues of small cetaceans to assess the trace element content of internal organs Environmental correlates of large-scale spatial variation in the d13C of marine animals, Marine Pollution Bulletin Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.76, issue.81, pp.158-169, 2009.

M. F. Baumgartner, K. D. Mullin, L. N. May, and T. D. Leming, Cetacean habitats in the northern Gulf of Mexico, Fishery Bulletin, vol.99, pp.212-239, 2000.

D. Beare, F. Burns, A. Greig, E. G. Jones, K. Peach et al., Long-term increases in prevalence of North Sea fishes having southern biogeographic affinities, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.284, pp.269-278, 2004.
DOI : 10.3354/meps284269

D. Beare, F. Burns, E. Jones, K. Peach, E. Portilla et al., An increase in the abundance of anchovies and sardines in the north-western North Sea since 1995, Global Change Biology, vol.399, issue.(Suppl. 2), pp.1209-1213, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1529-8817.2003.00790.x

A. Bec, M. Perga, A. Koussoroplis, G. Bardoux, C. Desvilettes et al., Assessing the reliability of fatty acid-specific stable isotope analysis for trophic studies, Methods in Ecology and Evolution, pp.651-659, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.2041-210X.2011.00111.x

H. Benke, U. Siebert, . Sm49, U. Cambridge, P. M. Bennett et al., The current status of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in German waters International Whaling Commission Exposure to heavy metals and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises from England and Wales, Patterns and Levels of Organochlorines (DDTs, PCBs, non-ortho PCBs and PCDD/Fs) in Male Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Baltic Sea, the Kattegat-Skagerrak Seas and the West Coast of Norway, pp.33-40, 1996.

A. Bjørge, The harbour porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in the North Atlantic: Variability in habitat use, trophic ecology and contaminant exposure, Harbour porpoises in the North Atlantic, pp.223-228, 2003.
DOI : 10.7557/3.2749

A. Bjørge, M. Skern-mauritzen, and M. C. Rossman, Estimated bycatch of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in two coastal gillnet fisheries in Norway, 2006.

E. G. Bligh and W. J. Dyer, Mitigation and implications for conservation A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification, Biological Conservation Canadian Journal of Biochemistry and Physiology, vol.161, issue.37, pp.164-173, 1959.

/. Ifremer, O. Boisseau, J. Matthews, and D. Gillespie, 03/Laboratoire Environnement Ressources de Boulogne-sur-Mer, 75p

A. Visual, . Harbour, . Off-north-west-africa, J. P. Boon, J. Van-der-meer et al., Concentration- Dependent Changes of PCB Patterns in Fish-Eating Mammals: Structural Evidence for Induction of Cytochrome P450, African Journal of Marine Science Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.29, issue.33, pp.403-410, 1997.

G. D. Bossart, Marine Mammals as Sentinel Species for Oceans and Human Health, Veterinary Pathology, vol.39, issue.7, pp.476-690, 2011.
DOI : 10.3354/dao02101

W. D. Bowen and G. D. Harrison, Comparison of harbour seal diets in two inshore habitats of Atlantic Canada, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.74, issue.1, pp.125-135, 1996.
DOI : 10.1139/z96-017

W. D. Bowen, S. S. Iverson, S. J. Iverson, and H. N. Koopman, Methods of estimating marine mammal diets: A review of validation experiments and sources of bias and uncertainty Studying trophic ecology in marine ecosystems using fatty acids: A primer in analysis and interpretation, Marine Mammal Science Marine Mammal Science, vol.22, pp.759-801, 2006.

S. M. Budge, S. W. Wang, T. E. Hollmén, and M. J. Wooller, Carbon isotopic fractionation in eider adipose tissue varies with fatty acid structure: implications for trophic studies, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.214, issue.22, pp.3790-3800, 2011.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.057596

S. M. Budge, M. J. Wooller, A. M. Springer, S. J. Iverson, C. P. Mcroy et al., Tracing carbon flow in an arctic marine food web using fatty acid-stable isotope analysis, Oecologia, vol.160, issue.168, pp.117-129, 2008.
DOI : 10.3354/meps160093

P. Bustamante, F. Caurant, S. W. Fowler, and P. Miramand, Cephalopods as a vector for the transfer of cadmium to top marine predators in the north-east Atlantic Ocean, Science of The Total Environment, vol.220, issue.1, pp.71-80, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00250-2

S. E. Campana and J. M. Casselman, Stock Discrimination Using Otolith Shape Analysis, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.50, issue.5, pp.1062-1083, 1993.
DOI : 10.1139/f93-123

C. J. Camphuysen, C. J. Camphuysen, M. J. Addink, H. V. Grouw, O. E. Janssen et al., The return of the harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in Dutch coastal waters Cetaceans stranded in The Netherlands from, Lutra Lutra, vol.54, issue.51, pp.37-44, 1998.

S. Caut, E. Angulo, and F. Courchamp, C): the effect of diet isotopic values and applications for diet reconstruction, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.75, issue.2, pp.443-453, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1365-2664.2009.01620.x

S. Caut, S. Laran, E. Garcia-hartmann, and K. Das, Stable isotopes of captive cetaceans (killer whales and bottlenose dolphins), Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.214, issue.4, pp.538-545, 2011.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.045104

Y. Cherel, C. Fontaine, G. D. Jackson, C. H. Jackson, P. Richard et al., Tissue, ontogenic and sex-related differences in ??13C and ??15N values of the oceanic squid Todarodes filippovae (Cephalopoda: Ommastrephidae), Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, pp.699-708, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00227-008-1121-x

J. T. Christensen and K. Richardson, Stable isotope evidence of long-term changes in the North Sea food web structure, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.368, pp.1-8, 2008.
DOI : 10.3354/meps07635

M. J. Costello, Predator feeding strategy and prey importance: a new graphical analysis, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.33, issue.3, pp.261-263, 1990.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1990.tb05601.x

A. Covaci, K. Van-de-vijver, W. Decoen, K. Das, J. M. Bouquegneau et al., Determination of organohalogenated contaminants in liver of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the Belgian North Sea coast, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.44, issue.10, pp.1157-1165, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(02)00147-9

J. E. Craddock, P. T. Polloni, B. Hayward, and F. Wenzel, Food habits of Atlantic white-sided dolphins (Lagenorhynchus acutus) off the coast of New England, Fishery bulletin, vol.107, pp.384-394, 2009.

N. Daan, P. J. Bromley, J. R. Hislop, N. A. Nielsen, J. Dalsgaard et al., Ecology of North Sea fish, Netherlands Journal of Sea Research, vol.26, issue.2-4, pp.343-386, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0077-7579(90)90096-Y

K. Das, V. Debacker, S. Pillet, J. , B. Vos et al., Heavy metals in marine mammals. Toxicology of Marine Mammals, 2003.

K. Das, L. Holsbeek, J. Browning, U. Siebert, A. Birkun-jr et al., Trace metal and stable isotope measurements (??13C and ??15N) in the harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena relicta from the Black Sea, Environmental Pollution, vol.131, issue.2, pp.197-204, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2004.02.006

K. Das, G. Lepoint, Y. Leroy, and J. M. Bouquegneau, Marine mammals from the southern North Sea: feeding ecology data from ??13C and ??15N measurements, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.263, pp.287-298, 2003.
DOI : 10.3354/meps263287

K. Das, G. Lepoint, V. Loizeau, V. Debacker, P. Dauby et al., Tuna and Dolphin Associations in the North-east Atlantic: Evidence of Different Ecological Niches from Stable Isotope and Heavy Metal Measurements, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.40, issue.2, pp.102-109, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(99)00178-2

K. Das, U. Siebert, M. Fontaine, T. Jauniaux, L. Holsbeek et al., Ecological and pathological factors related to trace metal concentrations in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena??from the North Sea and adjacent areas, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.281, pp.283-295, 2004.
DOI : 10.3354/meps281283

R. W. Davis, J. G. Ortega-ortiz, C. A. Ribic, W. E. Evans, D. C. Briggs et al., Cetacean habitat in the northern oceanic Gulf of Mexico, Deep Sea Research Part I: Oceanographic Research Papers, vol.49, issue.1, pp.121-142, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0967-0637(01)00035-8

S. De-guise, A. Lagace, and P. Beland, ), Veterinary Pathology, vol.224, issue.4, pp.444-449, 1994.
DOI : 10.1177/030098589403100406

D. Pierrepont, J. F. Dubois, B. Desormonts, S. Santos, M. B. Robin et al., Stomach contents of English Channel cetaceans stranded on the coast of Normandy, Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the UK, vol.85, issue.06, pp.1539-1546, 2005.
DOI : 10.1017/S0025315405012762

M. J. Deniro and S. Epstein, Influence of diet on the distribution of carbon isotopes in animals, Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.42, issue.5, pp.495-506, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/0016-7037(78)90199-0

G. Desportes, . France, M. Dickey-collas, G. Engelhard, A. Rindorf et al., La nutrition des odontocetes en Atlantique nord-est (cotes Francaises ? iles Feroe) PhD thesis Ecosystem-based management objectives for the North Sea: Riding the Forage Fish Rollercoaster, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.71, pp.128-142, 1985.

J. P. Ducrotoy and M. Elliott, The science and management of the North Sea and the Baltic Sea: Natural history, present threats and future challenges, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.57, issue.1-5, pp.8-21, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2008.04.030

J. P. Ducrotoy, M. Elliott, and V. N. De-jonge, The North Sea, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.41, issue.1-6, pp.5-23, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(00)00099-0

J. C. Duinker, M. T. Hillerbrand, . T. Zeinstra, and J. P. Boon, Individual chlorinated biphenyls and pesticides in tissues of some cetacean species from the North Sea and the Atlantic Ocean; tissue distribution and biotransformation, Aquatic Mammals, vol.15, pp.95-124, 1989.

M. R. Dunn, A. Szabo, M. Veagh, M. S. Smith, P. J. Engelhard et al., The diet of deepwater sharks and the benefits of using DNA identification of prey. Deep-Sea Research I 57, 923- 930 Forage fish, their fisheries, and their predators: who drives whom? Compound-specific stable isotope analysis in ecology and Paleoecology, Lipids and trophic linkages in harp seal (Phoca groenlandica) from the eastern Barents Sea, pp.480-525, 2004.

M. Fontaine, K. Tolley, U. Siebert, S. Gobert, G. Lepoint et al., Long-term feeding ecology and habitat use in harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena from Scandinavian waters inferred from trace elements and stable isotopes, BMC Ecology, vol.7, 2007.

R. L. France, M. Frederiksen, R. W. Furness, and S. Wanless, Differentiation between littoral and pelagic food webs in lakes using stable carbon isotopes, Limnology and Oceanography, vol.40, issue.7, pp.1310-1313, 1995.
DOI : 10.4319/lo.1995.40.7.1310

H. Frouin, M. Fortier, M. Fournier, L. Gannes, D. O-'brien et al., Toxic effects of various pollutants in 11B7501 lymphoma B cell line from harbour seal (Phoca vitulina), Toxicology, vol.270, issue.2-3, pp.66-76, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tox.2010.01.014

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/pasteur-00819581

Y. Gao, A. De-brauwere, M. Elskens, K. Croes, W. Baeyens et al., Evolution of trace metal and organic pollutant concentrations in the Scheldt River Basin and the Belgian Coastal Zone over the last three decades, Journal of Marine Systems, vol.128, pp.52-61, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmarsys.2012.04.002

D. E. Gaskin, The harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena (L.): regional populations, status, and information on direct and indirect catches, Report of the International Whaling Commission, vol.34, pp.569-584, 1984.

D. E. Gaskin, G. J. Smith, and A. P. Watson, ) in the Bay of Fundy using radiotelemetry, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.53, issue.10, pp.1466-1471, 1975.
DOI : 10.1139/z75-177

M. I. Gladyshev, N. N. Sushchik, G. S. Kalachova, O. N. Makhutova, and C. C. Kinze, Stable Isotope Composition of Fatty Acids in Organisms of Different Trophic Levels in the Yenisei River, Organochlorines in Danish and West Greenland harbour porpoises, pp.458-462, 1991.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0034059.t002

S. Griesel, A. Kakuschke, U. Siebert, and A. Prange, Trace element concentrations in blood of harbor seals (Phoca vitulina) from the Wadden Sea, Science of The Total Environment, vol.392, issue.2-3, pp.313-323, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.10.062

S. Guénette, D. Gascuel, J. Haelters, and C. J. Camphuysen, Shifting baselines in European fisheries: The case of the Celtic Sea and Bay of Biscay Monitoring of marine mammals in the framework of the construction and exploitation of offshore wind farms in Belgian marine waters Offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: State of the art after two years of environmental monitoring Offshore wind farms in the Belgian part of the North Sea: State of the art after two years of environmental monitoring The harbour porpoise in the Southern North Sea: abundance, threats and research-& management proposals, Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences (RBINS/MUMM) and the Royal Netherlands Institute for Sea Research (NIOZ); report commissioned by the International Fund for Animal Welfare (IFAW), pp.10-21, 2009.

J. Haelters, F. Kerckhof, T. G. Jacques, and S. Degraer, The harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena in the Belgian part of the North Sea: trends in abundance and distribution, Belgian Journal of Zoology, vol.141, pp.75-84, 2011.

J. Haelters, F. Kerckhof, E. Toussaint, T. Jauniaux, S. Degraer et al., The diet of harbour porpoises bycaught or washed ashore in Belgium, and relationship with relevant data from the strandings database Report from ASCOBANS North Sea Harbour Porpoise Conservation Plan, marine Mammal Science, vol.11, pp.48-464, 1995.

A. J. Hall, R. J. Law, D. E. Wells, J. Harwood, H. M. Ross et al., Organochlorine levels in common seals (Phoca vitulina) which were victims and survivors of the 1988 phocine distemper epizootic, Science of The Total Environment, vol.115, issue.1-2, pp.145-162, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(92)90039-U

J. F. Bruno, K. S. Casey, C. Ebert, H. E. Fox, R. Fujita et al., A Global Map of Human Impact on Marine Ecosystems, Science, vol.319, 2002.

M. P. Jørgensen, S. Heimlich, A. R. Hiby, M. F. Leopold, and N. Øien, Abundance of harbour porpoise and other cetaceans in the North Sea and adjacent waters, Journal of Applied Ecology, vol.39, pp.361-376, 2002.

P. S. Hammond, K. Macleod, P. Berggren, D. L. Borchers, L. Burt et al., Cetacean abundance and distribution in European Atlantic shelf waters to inform conservation and management, Biological Conservation, vol.164, pp.107-122, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2013.04.010

T. Harkonen, . Danbiu, E. R. Harper, . St, J. A. Leger et al., Guide to the Otoliths of the Bony Fishes of the Northeast Atlantic Tissue heavy metal concentrations of stranded California sea lions (Zalophus californianus) in Southern California, Environmental Pollution, vol.147, pp.677-682, 1986.

J. Harwood, MARINE MAMMALS AND THEIR ENVIRONMENT IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY, Journal of Mammalogy, vol.82, issue.3, pp.630-640, 2001.
DOI : 10.1644/1545-1542(2001)082<0630:MMATEI>2.0.CO;2

H. Herr, H. O. Fock, and U. Siebert, Spatio-temporal associations between harbour porpoise Phocoena phocoena and specific fisheries in the German Bight, Biological Conservation, vol.142, issue.12, pp.2962-2972, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.biocon.2009.07.025

K. A. Hobson, Tracing origins and migration of wildlife using stable isotopes: a review, Oecologia, vol.120, issue.3, pp.314-326, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s004420050865

K. A. Hobson, J. F. Piatt, and J. Pitocchielli, Using Stable Isotopes to Determine Seabird Trophic Relationships, The Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.63, issue.4, pp.786-798, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/5256

K. A. Hobson, D. M. Schell, D. Renouf, and N. Elizabeth, Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic fractionation between diet and tissues of captive seals: implications for dietary reconstructions involving marine mammals, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.53, issue.3, pp.528-533, 1996.
DOI : 10.1139/f95-209

K. A. Hobson and H. E. Welch, Determination of trophic relationships within a high Arctic marine food web using ??13C and ??15N analysis, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.84, pp.9-18, 1992.
DOI : 10.3354/meps084009

S. K. Hooker, S. J. Iverson, P. Ostrom, and S. C. Smith, Diet of northern bottlenose whales inferred from fatty-acid and stable-isotope analyses of biopsy samples, ICES CM 2013/ACOM:27., 73pp. ICES, 2013b. Report of the Working Group on the Assessment of Demersal Stocks in the North Sea and Skagerrak (WGNSSK) ICES Headquarters, Copenhagen. ICES CM 2013/ACOM:13, 1435pp. ICES, 2014. Sandeel in Divisions IIIa and IV. In Report of the Herring Assessment Working Group (HAWG). ICES CM 2014/ACOM:06, Section 11. Ifremer, 2014. Population and community indices derived from scientific surveys carried out by Ifremer, pp.1442-1454, 2001.
DOI : 10.1139/z01-096

T. Ikemoto, T. Kunito, I. Watanabe, G. Yasunaga, N. Baba et al., Comparison of trace element accumulation in Baikal seals (Pusa sibirica), Caspian seals (Pusa caspica) and northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus), Environmental Pollution, vol.127, issue.1, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(03)00251-3

S. J. Iverson, C. Field, D. Bowen, W. Blanchard, and W. , QUANTITATIVE FATTY ACID SIGNATURE ANALYSIS: A NEW METHOD OF ESTIMATING PREDATOR DIETS, Ecological Monographs, vol.74, issue.2, pp.211-235, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/0300-9629(92)90263-P

O. E. Jansen, O. E. Jansen, L. Michel, G. Lepoint, K. Das et al., Diet of harbor porpoises along the Dutch coast: A combined stable isotope and stomach contents approach, Diet of harbour porpoises along the Dutch coast: A combined stable isotope and stomach contents approach, pp.295-311, 2012.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1748-7692.2012.00621.x

T. Jauniaux, H. Berguerie, K. Camphuysen, P. Daoust, O. Drouguet et al., Causes of death of harbor porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded on the continental coastline of the southern North Sea (Belgium, France, and Dutch coasts) between, ICES Annual Science Conference, 1990.

T. Jauniaux, D. Petitjean, C. Brenez, M. Borrens, L. Brosens et al., Post-mortem Findings and Causes of Death of Harbour Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) Stranded from 1990 to 2000 along the Coastlines of Belgium and Northern France, Journal of Comparative Pathology, vol.126, issue.4, pp.243-253, 2002.
DOI : 10.1053/jcpa.2001.0547

S. Jennings and K. Warr, Environmental correlates of large-scale spatial variation in the ??15N of marine animals, Marine Biology, vol.25, issue.6, pp.1131-1140, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2435.1999.00301.x

P. D. Jepson, P. D. Jepson, P. M. Bennett, C. R. Allchin, R. J. Law et al., Pathology and toxicology of stranded harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in UK waters Investigating potential associations between chronic exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls and infectious disease mortality in harbour porpoises from England and Wales, Science of The Total Environment, vol.243244, pp.339-348, 1999.

P. D. Jepson, P. M. Bennett, R. Deaville, C. R. Allchin, J. R. Baker et al., RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN POLYCHLORINATED BIPHENYLS AND HEALTH STATUS IN HARBOR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) STRANDED IN THE UNITED KINGDOM, Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, vol.24, issue.1, pp.238-248, 2005.
DOI : 10.1897/03-663.1

K. C. Jones and P. De-voogt, Persistent organic pollutants (POPs): state of the science, Environmental Pollution, vol.100, issue.1-3, pp.209-221, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(99)00098-6

K. Kannan, A. L. Blankenship, P. D. Jones, J. P. Giesy, N. J. Karnovsky et al., Toxicity Reference Values for the Toxic Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls to Aquatic Mammals. Human and Ecological Risk Assessment Seasonal changes in diets of seabirds in the North Water Polynya: a multiple-indicator approach, An International Journal Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.6, issue.357, pp.181-201, 2000.

J. Kiszka, K. Macleod, O. Van-canneyt, D. Walker, and V. Ridoux, Distribution, encounter rates, and habitat characteristics of toothed cetaceans in the Bay of Biscay and adjacent waters from platform-of-opportunity data, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.64, issue.5, pp.1033-1043, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/icesjms/fsm067

H. N. Koopman, S. J. Iverson, and D. E. Gaskin, Phocoena phocoena) incidentally caught in Scandinavian waters Stratification and age-related differences in blubber fatty acids of the male harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena ), Organochlorine pesticide residue and PCBs in harbour porpoise, pp.137-146, 1996.

H. N. Koopman, D. A. Pabst, W. A. Mclellan, R. M. Dillaman, and A. J. Read, ): Evidence for Regional Differences in Blubber Structure and Function, Physiological and Biochemical Zoology, vol.75, issue.5, pp.498-512, 1996.
DOI : 10.1086/342799

T. Kuiken and M. G. Hartmann, Proceedings of the first ECS workshop on cetacean pathology dissection techniques and tissue sampling, Proceedings of the European Cetacean Society, 1993.

V. Lahaye, P. Bustamante, R. J. Law, J. A. Learmonth, M. B. Santos et al., Biological and ecological factors related to trace element levels in harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from European waters, Marine Environmental Research, vol.64, issue.3, pp.247-266, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marenvres.2007.01.005

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00229891

G. P. Lahvis, R. S. Wells, D. W. Kuehl, J. L. Stewart, H. L. Rhinehart et al., Decreased lymphocyte responses in free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) are associated with increased concentrations of PCBs and DDT in peripheral blood, Environmental Health Perspectives, vol.4, pp.67-72, 1995.

G. Lassalle, D. Gascuel, L. Loc-'h, F. Lobry, J. Pierce et al., An ecosystem approach for the assessment of fisheries impacts on marine top predators: the Bay of Biscay case study, ICES Journal of Marine Science, vol.69, issue.6, pp.925-938, 2012.
DOI : 10.1093/icesjms/fss049

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00840402

R. J. Law, An overview of time trends in organic contaminant concentrations in marine mammals: Going up or down?, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.82, issue.1-2, pp.7-10, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2014.03.024

R. J. Law, J. Barry, J. L. Barber, P. Bersuder, R. Deaville et al., Contaminants in cetaceans from UK waters: Status as assessed within the Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme from 1990 to 2008, Contaminants in cetaceans from UK waters: Status as assessed within the Cetacean Strandings Investigation Programme from, pp.1485-1494, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2012.05.024

R. J. Law, J. Barry, P. Bersuder, J. L. Barber, R. Deaville et al., Levels and Trends of Brominated Diphenyl Ethers in Blubber of Harbor Porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the Chlorobiphenyls in the blubber of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from the UK: levels and trends Organotin compounds in liver tissue of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) and Grey Seals (Halichoerus grypus) from the Coastal Waters of England and Wales, Potential Effects of Climate Change on Marine Mammals. Oceanography and Marine Biology: An Annual Review, pp.4447-4451, 1991.

M. Leopold, C. J. Camphuysen, M. Leopold, C. J. Van-damme, C. J. Philippart et al., Bruinvisstrandingen in Nederland in 2006: achtergronden, leeftijdsverdeling, sexratio, voedselkeuze en mogelijke oorzaken Otoliths of North Sea Fish. Fish identification key by means of otoliths and other hard parts. Expertcenter for taxonomic identification Parasites from the digestive tract and food analysis of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from German waters Cambridge, IMARES Rapport C083/06, NIOZ Report 2006-5, Wageningen IMARES en Koninklijk Nederlands Instituut voor Onderzoek der Zee, Texel, pp.136-65, 1991.

C. Lockyer, Investigations of aspects of the life history of the harbour porpoise, Phocoena phocoena, British Waters, pp.189-197, 1995.

C. Lockyer, G. Desportes, K. Hansen, S. Labberté, and U. Siebert, Monitoring growth and energy utilisation of the harbour porpoise (<i>Phocoena phocoena</i>) in human care, NAMMCO Scientific Publications, vol.5, pp.107-120, 2003.
DOI : 10.7557/3.2743

E. A. Mackey, P. R. Becker, R. Demiralp, R. R. Greenberg, B. J. Koster et al., Bioaccumulation of vanadium and other trace metals in livers of Alaskan cetaceans and pinnipeds, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.30, issue.4, pp.503-512, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00213402

E. A. Mackey, R. Demiralp, P. R. Becker, R. R. Greenberg, B. J. Koster et al., Trace element concentrations in cetacean liver tissues archived in the National Marine Mammal Tissue Bank, Science of The Total Environment, vol.175, issue.1, pp.25-41, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(95)04822-7

C. D. Macleod, G. J. Pierce, and B. M. Santos, Starvation and sandeel consumption in harbour porpoises in the Scottish North Sea, Biology Letters, vol.3, issue.5, pp.535-536, 2007.
DOI : 10.1098/rsbl.2007.0298

K. Macleod, R. Fairbairns, A. Gill, B. Fairbairns, J. Gordon et al., Seasonal distribution of minke whales Balaenoptera acutorostrata in relation to physiography and prey off the Isle of Mull, Scotland, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.277, pp.263-274, 2004.
DOI : 10.3354/meps277263

C. Mahfouz, F. Henry, L. Courcot, S. Pezeril, T. Bouveroux et al., Harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) stranded along the southern North Sea: An assessment through metallic contamination, Environmental Research, vol.133, pp.266-273, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envres.2014.06.006

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01020896

J. Twiss, R. Reeves, . Washington, . London, A. R. Martin et al., The diet of harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) in British waters International Whaling Commission Foraging ecology of five toothed whale species in the Northwest Iberian Peninsula, inferred using carbon and nitrogen isotope ratios An assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the NW Iberian Peninsula: Part I. Persistent organic pollutants, Journal of Experimental Marine Biology and Ecology Science of The Total Environment, vol.413, issue.484, pp.150-158, 1996.

P. Méndez-fernandez, L. Webster, T. Chouvelon, P. Bustamante, M. Ferreira et al., An assessment of contaminant concentrations in toothed whale species of the NW Iberian Peninsula: Part II. Trace element concentrations, Science of The Total Environment, vol.484, pp.206-217, 2014.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2014.03.001

T. Meziane, M. Tsuchiya, M. Minagawa, and E. Wada, Organic matter in a subtropical mangrove-estuary subjected to wastewater discharge: Origin and utilisation by two macrozoobenthic species Stepwise enrichment of d15N along food chains: further evidence and the relation between d15N and animal age, Journal of Sea Research Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, vol.47, issue.48, pp.1-11, 1984.

M. Nigro and C. Leonzio, Intracellular storage of mercury and selenium in different marine vertebrates, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.135, pp.137-143, 1996.
DOI : 10.3354/meps135137

L. Ospar-commission, . Biodiversity, F. Palmisano, N. Cardellicchio, and P. G. Zambonin, Speciation of mercury in dolphin liver: A two-stage mechanism for the demethylation accumulation process and role of selenium, Marine Environmental Research, vol.40, pp.109-121, 1995.

P. Paludan-müller, C. T. Agger, R. Dietz, and C. C. Kinze, Mercury, cadmium, zinc, copper and selenium in harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from West Greenland, Polar Biol, vol.13, pp.311-320, 1993.

A. Parnell, R. Inger, S. Bearhop, A. D. Jackson, and J. W. Gregg, Source Partitioning Using Stable Isotopes: Coping with Too Much Variation, Uncertainty in source partitioning using stable isotopes, pp.171-179, 2001.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0009672.g002

D. L. Phillips and J. W. Gregg, Source partitioning using stable isotopes: coping with too many sources, Oecologia, vol.136, issue.2, pp.261-269, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s00442-003-1218-3

G. J. Pierce and P. R. Boyle, A review of methods for diet analysis in piscivorous marine mammals, Oceanography and Marine Biology. Annual Review, vol.29, pp.409-486, 1991.

G. J. Pierce, M. B. Santos, S. Murphy, J. A. Learmonth, A. F. Zuur et al., Bioaccumulation of persistent organic pollutants in female common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and harbour porpoises (Phocoena phocoena) from western European seas: Geographical trends, causal factors and effects on reproduction and mortality R: a language and environment for statistical computing. R Foundation for Statistical Computing, Environmental Pollution Journal of Zoology, vol.153, issue.146, pp.114-122, 2008.

B. B. Rae, Additional notes on the food of the common porpoise (Phocoena phocoena). journal of Zoology, Bycatch of Marine Mammals in U.S. and Global Fisheries, pp.127-131, 1973.

A. J. Read, A. A. Hohn, A. J. Read, and A. J. Westgate, LIFE IN THE FAST LANE: THE LIFE HISTORY OF HARBOR PORPOISES FROM THE GULF OF MAINE, Marine Mammal Science, vol.17, issue.6, pp.423-440, 1995.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1523-1739.1993.07010189.x

J. B. Reid, P. G. Evans, and S. P. Northridge, Atlas of Cetacean Distribution in North-West European Waters, Joint Nature Conservation Committee, p.2713, 2003.

P. C. Reid, M. F. Borges, and E. Svendsen, A regime shift in the North Sea circa 1998 linked to changes in the North Sea horse mackerel fishery Harbour porpoises Phocoena phocoena in the North Sea: Numerical responses to changes in environmental conditions, Fisheries Research Reijnders, P.J. Netherlands Journal of Aquatic Ecology, vol.50, issue.26, pp.163-171, 1992.

R. E. Russo, X. Mao, H. Liu, J. Gonzalez, and S. S. Mao, Laser ablation in analytical chemistry???a review, Talanta, vol.57, issue.3, pp.425-451, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0039-9140(02)00053-X

K. Saeki, M. Nakajima, K. Noda, T. R. Loughlin, N. Baba et al., Vanadium Accumulation in Pinnipeds, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.36, issue.1, pp.81-86, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/s002449900445

M. B. Santos and G. Pierce, The diet of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) in the northeast Atlantic, Oceanography and Marine Biology Annual Review, vol.41, pp.355-390, 2003.

M. B. Santos, G. J. Pierce, J. A. Learmonth, R. J. Reid, H. M. Ross et al., VARIABILITY IN THE DIET OF HARBOR PORPOISES (PHOCOENA PHOCOENA) IN SCOTTISH WATERS 1992???2003, Marine Mammal Science, vol.88, issue.1, pp.1-27, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-7836(00)00219-8

U. Siebert, C. Joiris, L. Holsbeek, H. Benke, K. Failing et al., Potential Relation Between Mercury Concentrations and Necropsy Findings in Cetaceans from sGerman Waters of the North and Baltic Seas, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.38, issue.4, pp.285-295, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0025-326X(98)00147-7

J. Spitz and J. Jouma-'a, Variability in energy density of forage fishes from the Bay of Biscay (north-east Atlantic Ocean): reliability of functional grouping based on prey quality, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.294, issue.6, pp.2147-2152, 2013.
DOI : 10.1111/jfb.12142

J. Spitz, Y. Rousseau, and V. Ridoux, Diet overlap between harbour porpoise and bottlenose dolphin: An argument in favour of interference competition for food?, Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, vol.70, issue.1-2, pp.259-270, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecss.2006.04.020

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00150198

H. W. Stavros, M. Stolen, W. N. Durden, W. Mcfee, G. D. Bossart et al., Correlation and toxicological inference of trace elements in tissues from stranded and free-ranging bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus), Chemosphere, vol.82, issue.11, pp.1649-1661, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2010.11.019

P. Szefer, I. Zdrojewska, J. Jensen, C. Lockyer, K. Skora et al., Intercomparison Studies on Distribution and Coassociations of Heavy Metals in Liver, Kidney, and Muscle of Harbor Porpoise, Phocoena phocoena , from Southern Baltic Sea and Coastal Waters of Denmark and Greenland, Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, vol.42, issue.4, pp.508-522, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00244-001-0035-0

S. Tanabe, H. Iwata, and R. Tatsukawa, Global contamination by persistent organochlorines and their ecotoxicological impact on marine mammals, Science of The Total Environment, vol.154, issue.2-3, pp.163-177, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(94)90086-8

S. Tanabe, B. Madhusree, A. A. Ozturk, R. Tatsukawa, N. Miyazaki et al., Persistent Organochlorine Residues in Harbour Porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) from the Black Sea Harmful interactions of nonessential heavy metals with cells of the innate immune system, Marine Pollution Bulletin Journal of Clinical Toxicology, vol.344172, issue.S3, pp.338-347, 1997.

L. L. Tieszen, T. W. Boutton, K. G. Tesdahl, and N. A. Slade, Fractionation and turnover of stable carbon isotopes in animal tissues: Implications for ?13C analysis of diet, Oecologia, vol.37, issue.1-2, pp.32-37, 1983.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00379558

D. R. Tocher, Metabolism and Functions of Lipids and Fatty Acids in Teleost Fish, Reviews in Fisheries Science, vol.11, issue.2, pp.107-184, 2003.
DOI : 10.1080/713610925

D. J. Tollit, M. J. Steward, P. M. Thompson, G. J. Pierce, M. B. Santos et al., Species and size differences in the digestion of otoliths and beaks: implications for estimates of pinniped diet composition, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.54, issue.1, pp.105-119, 1997.
DOI : 10.1139/f96-264

V. M. Trenkel, O. Berthelé, P. Lorance, J. Bertrand, A. Brind-'amour et al., Atlas des grands invertébrés et poissons observés par les campagnes scientifiques, Tuset, V.M, vol.100, pp.9-12, 2003.

O. Van-canneyt, A. Kerric, M. Authier, W. Dabin, F. Demaret et al., Les échouages de mammifères marins sur le littoral français en 2013. Rapport UMS -Observatoire PELAGIS pour le Ministère de l'Ecologie, du Développement Durable et de l'Energie, Direction de l'eau et de la biodiversité, Programme Observatoire du Patrimoine, 54p, Variation in d15N and d13C trophic fractionation: Implications for aquatic food web studies, pp.2061-2066, 2001.

M. Vinther and F. Larsen, Updated estimates of harbour porpoise (Phocoena phocoena) bycatch in the Danish North Sea bottom-set gillnet fishery, journal of Cetacean Research and Management, vol.6, pp.19-24, 2004.

R. Wagemann, S. Innes, and P. R. Richard, Overview and regional and temporal differences of heavy metals in Arctic whales and ringed seals in the Canadian Arctic, Science of The Total Environment, vol.186, issue.1-2, pp.41-66, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-9697(96)05085-1

R. Wagemann, D. C. Muir, R. E. Stewart, and W. L. Lockhart, Concentrations of heavy metals and organochlorines in marine mammals of northern waters: overview and evaluation, Canadian Technical Report of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.1279, 1984.

R. Wagemann, E. Trebacz, G. Boila, and W. L. Lockhart, Methylmercury and total mercury in tissues of arctic marine mammals, The Science of The Total Environment, vol.218, issue.1, pp.19-31, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-9697(98)00192-2

W. X. Wang and P. S. Rainbow, Significance of metallothioneins in metal accumulation kinetics in marine animals, Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part C: Toxicology & Pharmacology, vol.152, issue.1, pp.1-8, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cbpc.2010.02.015

S. Wanless, M. P. Harris, P. Redman, and R. Speakman, Low energy values of fish as a probable cause of a major seabird breeding failure in the North Sea, Marine Ecology Progress Series, vol.294, pp.1-8, 2005.
DOI : 10.3354/meps294001

L. Weijs, K. Das, H. Neels, R. Blust, and A. Covaci, Occurrence of anthropogenic and naturally-produced organohalogenated compounds in tissues of Black Sea harbour porpoises, Marine Pollution Bulletin, vol.60, issue.5, pp.725-731, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2009.11.022

L. Weijs, A. C. Dirtu, K. Das, A. Gheorghe, P. J. Reijnders et al., Inter-species differences for polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine top predators from the Southern North Sea: Part 1. Accumulation patterns in harbour seals and harbour porpoises, Environmental Pollution, vol.157, issue.2, pp.437-444, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.024

L. Weijs, A. C. Dirtu, K. Das, A. Gheorghe, P. J. Reijnders et al., Inter-species differences for polychlorinated biphenyls and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in marine top predators from the Southern North Sea: Part 2. Biomagnification in harbour seals and harbour porpoises, Environmental Pollution, vol.157, issue.2, pp.445-451, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.09.025

L. Weijs, C. Van-elk, K. Das, R. Blust, and A. Covaci, Persistent organic pollutants and methoxylated PBDEs in harbour porpoises from the North Sea from 1990 until 2008: Young wildlife at risk?, Science of The Total Environment, vol.409, issue.1, pp.228-237, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.09.035

A. J. Westgate, D. C. Muir, D. E. Gaskin, and M. C. Kingsley, Concentrations and accumulation patterns of organochlorine contaminants in the blubber of harbour porpoises, Phocoena phocoena, from the coast of Newfoundland, the Gulf of St Lawrence and the Bay of Fundy/Gulf of Maine, Environmental Pollution, vol.95, issue.1, pp.105-119, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0269-7491(96)00073-5

A. J. Wright, M. Maar, C. Mohn, J. Nabe-nielsen, U. Siebert et al., Possible Causes of a Harbour Porpoise Mass Stranding in Danish Waters, PLoS ONE, vol.8, 2005.