]. S. Bibliographie1, L. Akoka, M. Barantin, and . Trierweiler, Concentration measurement by proton NMR using the ERETIC method, Anal. Chem, vol.71, issue.13, pp.2554-2557, 1999.

N. J. Allen and B. A. Barres, Neuroscience: Glia ??? more than just brain glue, Nature, vol.86, issue.7230, pp.675-677, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/457675a

O. C. Andronesi, D. Mintzopoulos, J. Struppe, P. M. Black, and A. A. Tzika, Solid-state NMR adiabatic TOBSY sequences provide enhanced sensitivity for multidimensional high-resolution magic-angle-spinning 1H MR spectroscopy, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.193, issue.2, pp.251-258, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmr.2008.05.017

J. H. Ardenkjaer-larsen, B. Fridlund, A. Gram, G. Hansson, L. Hansson et al., Increase in signalto-noise ratio of > 10, 000 times in liquid-state NMR. Proc. Natl. Acad

B. C. Baguley, Antivascular therapy of cancer: DMXAA, The Lancet Oncology, vol.4, issue.3, pp.141-148, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1470-2045(03)01018-0

A. Bax and D. Davis, MLEV-17-based two-dimensional homonuclear magnetization transfer spectroscopy, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.65, issue.2, pp.355-360, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(85)90018-6

M. Benadiba, G. Luurtsema, L. Wichert-ana, C. A. Buchpigel, and G. B. Filho, New Molecular Targets for PET and SPECT Imaging in Neurodegenerative Diseases, Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria, vol.34, issue.2, pp.125-136, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.rbp.2012.07.002

S. Berger and S. Braun, 200 and more NMR experiments : a practical course, 2004.

L. Bolinger and J. S. Leigh, Hadamard spectroscopic imaging (HSI) for multivolume localization, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.80, issue.1, pp.162-167, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(88)90070-4

J. Borycz, J. A. Borycz, T. N. Edwards, G. L. Boulianne, and I. A. Meinertzhagen, The metabolism of histamine in the Drosophila optic lobe involves an ommatidial pathway: ??-alanine recycles through the retina, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.215, issue.8, pp.1399-1411, 2012.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.060699

P. S. Chen, H. M. Fales, L. Levenbook, E. A. Sokoloski, and H. J. Yeh, Isolation and characterization of a unique galactoside from male Drosophila melanogaster, Biochemistry, vol.16, issue.18, pp.164080-4085, 1977.
DOI : 10.1021/bi00637a022

W. Chen, H. Jin, M. Nguyen, J. Carr, Y. Lee et al., Role of taurine in regulation of intracellular calcium level and neuroprotective function in cultured neurons, Journal of Neuroscience Research, vol.260, issue.4, pp.612-619, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/jnr.10027

. Baguley, Induction of endothelial cell apoptosis by the antivascular agent 5,6-dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic acid, Br. J. Cancer, vol.86, issue.12, pp.1937-1942, 2002.

A. Chiribiri, R. M. Botnar, and E. Nagel, Magnetic Resonance Coronary Angiography: Where Are We Today?, Current Cardiology Reports, vol.33, issue.2, p.328, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s11886-012-0328-0
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3555236

L. Coquin, J. D. Feala, A. D. Mcculloch, and G. Paternostro, Metabolomic and flux-balance analysis of age-related decline of hypoxia tolerance in Drosophila muscle tissue, Molecular Systems Biology, vol.97, p.233, 2008.
DOI : 10.1038/msb.2008.71

A. Silva, V. Salem, P. M. Matthews, and W. S. Dhillo, The Use of Functional MRI to Study Appetite Control in the CNS, Experimental Diabetes Research, vol.153, issue.5, p.764017, 2012.
DOI : 10.1097/SLA.0b013e318203a289

B. Doan, G. Autret, J. Mispelter, P. Méric, W. Même et al., Simultaneous two-voxel localized 1H-observed 13C-edited spectroscopy for in vivo MRS on rat brain at 9.4T: Application to the investigation of excitotoxic lesions, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, vol.198, issue.1, pp.94-104, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmr.2009.01.023
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00385012

M. S. Dodd, V. Ball, R. Bray, H. Ashrafian, H. Watkins et al., In vivo mouse cardiac hyperpolarized magnetic resonance spectroscopy, Journal of Cardiovascular Magnetic Resonance, vol.15, issue.1, p.19, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/S0021-9150(97)00165-2

T. Ernst and J. Hennig, Improved Water Suppression for Localized in Vivo1H Spectroscopy, Journal of Magnetic Resonance, Series B, vol.106, issue.2, pp.181-186, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/jmrb.1995.1030

S. K. Fisher, J. E. Novak, and B. W. Agranoff, Inositol and higher inositol phosphates in neural tissues: homeostasis, metabolism and functional significance, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.34, issue.4, pp.736-754, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01041.x

M. E. Fortini, M. P. Skupski, M. S. Boguski, and I. K. Hariharan, Genome, The Journal of Cell Biology, vol.142, issue.2, pp.23-30, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0092-8674(00)81401-4

I. Gaidarov, Q. Chen, J. R. Falck, K. K. Reddy, and J. H. Keen, A functional phosphatidylinositol 3,4,5-Trisphosphate/Phosphoinositide binding domain in the clathrin adaptor AP-2 alpha subunit. implicatins for the endocytic pathway, J. Biol. Chem, issue.34, pp.27120922-20929, 1996.

L. B. Gladden, Lactate metabolism: a new paradigm for the third millennium, The Journal of Physiology, vol.32, issue.suppl., pp.5-30, 2004.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2003.058701

V. Govindaraju, K. Young, and A. A. Maudsley, Proton NMR chemical shifts and coupling constants for brain metabolites, NMR in Biomedicine, vol.18, issue.3, pp.129-153, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1099-1492(200005)13:3<129::AID-NBM619>3.0.CO;2-V

A. Haase, J. Frahm, W. Hänicke, and D. Matthaei, H NMR chemical shift selective (CHESS) imaging, Physics in Medicine and Biology, vol.30, issue.4, pp.341-344, 1985.
DOI : 10.1088/0031-9155/30/4/008

E. L. Hahn, Spin Echoes, Physical Review, vol.80, issue.4, pp.580-594, 1950.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRev.80.580

J. W. Hand, J. J. Lagendijk, J. V. Hajnal, R. W. Lau, and I. R. Young, SAR and Temperature Changes in the Leg Due to an RF Decoupling Coil at Frequencies Between 64 and 213 MHz, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.14, issue.1, pp.68-74, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1522-2586(200007)12:1<68::AID-JMRI7>3.0.CO;2-2

B. Hassel and A. Bråthe, Cerebral Metabolism of Lactate in Vivo: Evidence for Neuronal Pyruvate Carboxylation, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.71, issue.2, pp.327-336, 2000.
DOI : 10.1097/00004647-200002000-00014

B. Hassel, U. Sonnewald, and F. Fonnum, Glial-Neuronal Interactions as Studied by Cerebral Metabolism of [2-13C]Acetate and [1-13C]Glucose: An Ex Vivo 13C NMR Spectroscopic Study, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.64, issue.6, pp.2773-2782, 1995.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.1995.64062773.x

P. G. Henry, R. Roussel, F. Vaufrey, C. Dautry, and G. Bloch, Semiselective POCE NMR spectroscopy, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.43, issue.3, pp.395-400, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1522-2594(200009)44:3<395::AID-MRM9>3.0.CO;2-5
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.554.2696

M. Humbert, J. G. Coghlan, and D. Khanna, Early detection and management of pulmonary arterial hypertension, European Respiratory Review, vol.21, issue.126, pp.306-312, 2012.
DOI : 10.1183/09059180.00005112

R. E. Hurd, Y. Yen, A. Chen, and J. H. Ardenkjaer-larsen, C metabolic imaging using dissolution dynamic nuclear polarization, Journal of Magnetic Resonance Imaging, vol.51, issue.3 Pt 1, pp.1314-1328, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/jmri.23753

R. Jolivet, I. Allaman, L. Pellerin, P. J. Magistretti, and B. Weber, Comment on Recent Modeling Studies of Astrocyte???Neuron Metabolic Interactions, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.546, issue.12, pp.1982-1986, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.232

S. Kim, L. Peshkin, and T. J. Mitchison, Vascular Disrupting Agent Drug Classes Differ in Effects on the Cytoskeleton, PLoS ONE, vol.62, issue.7, p.40177, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0040177.g004

K. Kuroda, Y. Suzuki, Y. Ishihara, K. Okamoto, and Y. Suzuki, Temperature mapping using water proton chemical shift obtained with 3D-MRSI: Feasibilityin vivo, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.92, issue.1, pp.20-29, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910350105

H. Lei, F. Morgenthaler, T. Yue, and R. Gruetter, Direct validation of in vivo localized13C MRS measurements of brain glycogen, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.7, issue.2, pp.243-248, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.21128

Y. S. Levin, M. J. Albers, T. N. Butler, D. Spielman, D. M. Peehl et al., Methods for metabolic evaluation of prostate cancer cells using proton and (13)C HR-MAS spectroscopy and [3-(13)C] pyruvate as a metabolic substrate, Magn Reson Med, issue.5, pp.621091-1098, 2009.

D. L. Lindsley and G. G. Zimm, The Genome of Drosophila melanogaster, 1992.

Y. Liu, K. Ai, and L. Lu, Nanoparticulate X-ray Computed Tomography Contrast Agents: From Design Validation to in Vivo Applications, Accounts of Chemical Research, vol.45, issue.10, pp.1817-1827, 2012.
DOI : 10.1021/ar300150c

R. Llinás, M. Sugimori, E. J. Lang, M. Morita, M. Fukuda et al., The inositol high-polyphosphate series blocks synaptic transmission by preventing vesicular fusion: a squid giant synapse study., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.91, issue.26, pp.9112990-12993, 1994.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.91.26.12990

K. E. Luker and G. D. Luker, Bioluminescence imaging of reporter mice for studies of infection and inflammation, Antiviral Research, vol.86, issue.1, pp.93-100, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.antiviral.2010.02.002

S. Mangia, M. Dinuzzo, F. Giove, A. Carruthers, I. A. Simpson et al., Response to 'comment on recent modeling studies of astrocyteneuron metabolic interactions' : much ado about nothing, J. Cereb. Blood Flow Metab, issue.6, pp.311346-1353, 2011.

S. Mangia, I. A. Simpson, S. J. Vannucci, and A. Carruthers, neuron-to-astrocyte lactate shuttle in human brain: evidence from modeling of measured lactate levels during visual stimulation, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.24, issue.1, pp.55-62, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06003.x

J. Mispelter, M. Lupu, and A. Briguet, NMR probeheads for biophysical and biomedical experiments, 2006.
DOI : 10.1142/p438

J. R. Moffett, B. Ross, P. Arun, C. N. Madhavarao, and A. M. Namboodiri, N-Acetylaspartate in the CNS: From neurodiagnostics to neurobiology, Progress in Neurobiology, vol.81, issue.2, pp.89-131, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2006.12.003

C. I. Nabuurs, D. W. Klomp, A. Veltien, H. E. Kan, and A. Heerschap, Localized sensitivity enhanced in vivo13C MRS to detect glucose metabolism in the mouse brain, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.10, issue.3, pp.626-630, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.21498

M. Ohara-imaizumi, M. Fukuda, M. Niinobe, H. Misonou, K. Ikeda et al., Distinct roles of C2A and C2B domains of synaptotagmin in the regulation of exocytosis in adrenal chromaffin cells, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.94, issue.1, pp.287-291, 1997.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.94.1.287

R. Ordidge, A. Connelly, and J. Lohman, Image-selected in Vivo spectroscopy (ISIS). A new technique for spatially selective nmr spectroscopy, Journal of Magnetic Resonance (1969), vol.66, issue.2, pp.283-294, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-2364(86)90031-4

A. B. Patel, R. A. De-graaf, G. F. Mason, T. Kanamatsu, D. L. Rothman et al., Glutamatergic Neurotransmission and Neuronal Glucose Oxidation Are Coupled During Intense Neuronal Activation, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.24, issue.9, pp.972-985, 2004.
DOI : 10.1097/01.WCB.0000126234.16188.71

L. Pellerin, A. Bouzier-sore, A. Aubert, S. Serres, M. Merle et al., Activity-dependent regulation of energy metabolism by astrocytes: An update, Glia, vol.53, issue.12, pp.551251-1262, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/glia.20528

L. Pellerin and P. J. Magistretti, Sweet Sixteen for ANLS, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.797, issue.7, pp.1152-1166, 2012.
DOI : 10.1038/sj.jcbfm.9600521
URL : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3390819

L. A. Peng, A. Schousboe, and L. Hertz, Utilization of alpha-ketoglutarate as a precursor for transmitter glutamate in cultured cerebellar granule cells, Neurochemical Research, vol.234, issue.1, pp.29-34, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00965824

A. C. Pereira, D. E. Saunders, V. L. Doyle, J. M. Bland, F. A. Howe et al., Measurement of Initial N-Acetyl Aspartate Concentration by Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy and Initial Infarct Volume by MRI Predicts Outcome in Patients With Middle Cerebral Artery Territory Infarction, Stroke, vol.30, issue.8, pp.301577-1582, 1999.
DOI : 10.1161/01.STR.30.8.1577

L. Persano, E. Rampazzo, G. Basso, and G. Viola, Glioblastoma cancer stem cells: Role of the microenvironment and therapeutic targeting, Biochemical Pharmacology, vol.85, issue.5, pp.612-622, 2013.
DOI : 10.1016/j.bcp.2012.10.001

J. Pfeuffer, I. Tkác, I. Y. Choi, H. Merkle, K. Ugurbil et al., Localized in vivo 1H NMR detection of neurotransmitter labeling in rat brain during infusion of [1-13C] d-glucose, Magn Reson Med, issue.6, pp.411077-1083, 1999.

D. Prantner, D. J. Perkins, W. Lai, M. S. Williams, S. Sharma et al., 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-4-acetic Acid (DMXAA) Activates Stimulator of Interferon Gene (STING)-dependent Innate Immune Pathways and Is Regulated by Mitochondrial Membrane Potential, Journal of Biological Chemistry, vol.287, issue.47, pp.28739776-39788, 2012.
DOI : 10.1074/jbc.M112.382986

S. W. Provencher, Automatic quantitation of localizedin vivo1H spectra with LCModel, NMR in Biomedicine, vol.18, issue.4, pp.260-264, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/nbm.698

V. Righi, Y. Apidianakis, L. G. Rahme, and A. A. Tzika, Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy of live <em>Drosophila melanogaster</em> using Magic Angle Spinning, Journal of Visualized Experiments, issue.38, 2010.
DOI : 10.3791/1710

P. Sarup, S. M. Pedersen, N. C. Nielsen, A. Malmendal, and V. Loeschcke, The Metabolic Profile of Long-Lived Drosophila melanogaster, PLoS ONE, vol.7, issue.10, p.47461, 2012.
DOI : 10.1371/journal.pone.0047461.s002

A. Schousboe, U. Sonnewald, and H. S. Waagepetersen, Differential roles of alanine in GABAergic and glutamatergic neurons, Neurochemistry International, vol.43, issue.4-5, pp.311-315, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0197-0186(03)00017-2

M. Seshadri and M. J. Ciesielski, MRI-Based Characterization of Vascular Disruption by 5,6-Dimethylxanthenone-Acetic Acid in Gliomas, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.91, issue.8, pp.1373-1382, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/jcbfm.2009.68

I. A. Simpson, A. Carruthers, and S. J. Vannucci, Supply and Demand in Cerebral Energy Metabolism: The Role of Nutrient Transporters, Journal of Cerebral Blood Flow & Metabolism, vol.89, issue.2, pp.1766-1791, 2007.
DOI : 10.1242/jeb.00241

D. Stefan, F. D. Cesare, A. Andrasescu, E. Popa, A. Lazariev et al., Quantitation of magnetic resonance spectroscopy signals: the jMRUI software package, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.20, issue.10, p.104035, 2009.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/20/10/104035

M. Tangney and K. P. Francis, In Vivo Optical Imaging in Gene & Cell Therapy, Current Gene Therapy, vol.12, issue.1, pp.2-11, 2012.
DOI : 10.2174/156652312799789299

I. Tkác, Z. Starcuk, I. Y. Choi, and R. Gruetter, In vivo1H NMR spectroscopy of rat brain at 1 ms echo time, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.39, issue.4, pp.649-656, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1522-2594(199904)41:4<649::AID-MRM2>3.0.CO;2-G

G. M. Tozer, Measuring tumour vascular response to antivascular and antiangiogenic drugs, The British Journal of Radiology, vol.76, issue.suppl_1, pp.23-35, 2003.
DOI : 10.1259/bjr/30165281

J. Urenjak, S. R. Williams, D. G. Gadian, and M. Noble, Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy unambiguously identifies different neural cell types, J. Neurosci, vol.13, issue.3, pp.981-989, 1993.

A. J. Van-den-bergh, H. J. Van-den-boogert, and A. Heerschap, Calibration of the1H decoupling field strength and experimental evaluation of the specific RF absorption rate in1H-decoupled human13C-MRS, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.125, issue.4, pp.642-646, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910390418

P. Van-eijsden, K. L. Behar, G. F. Mason, K. P. Braun, and R. A. De-graaf, C] NMR spectroscopy: cerebral energetics and glutamatergic/GABAergic neurotransmission, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.50, issue.1, pp.24-33, 2010.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1471-4159.2009.06428.x

J. Vappou, Magnetic Resonance??? and Ultrasound Imaging???Based Elasticity Imaging Methods: A Review, Critical Reviews??? in Biomedical Engineering, vol.40, issue.2, pp.121-134, 2012.
DOI : 10.1615/CritRevBiomedEng.v40.i2.30

H. S. Waagepetersen, U. Sonnewald, O. M. Larsson, and A. Schousboe, A Possible Role of Alanine for Ammonia Transfer Between Astrocytes and Glutamatergic Neurons, Journal of Neurochemistry, vol.94, issue.2, pp.471-479, 2000.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0750471.x

P. G. Webb, N. Sailasuta, S. J. Kohler, T. Raidy, R. A. Moats et al., Automated single-voxel proton MRS: Technical development and multisite verification, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.102, issue.4, pp.365-373, 1994.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910310404

P. Wesseling, D. J. Ruiter, and P. C. Burger, Angiogenesis in brain tumors ; pathobiological and clinical aspects, Journal of Neuro-Oncology, vol.32, issue.3, pp.253-265, 1997.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1005746320099

G. Wider and L. Dreier, Measuring Protein Concentrations by NMR Spectroscopy, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.128, issue.8, pp.2571-2576, 2006.
DOI : 10.1021/ja055336t

J. Wu and H. Prentice, Role of taurine in the central nervous system, Journal of Biomedical Science, vol.17, issue.Suppl 1, p.1, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1423-0127-17-S1-S1

L. Xin, H. Frenkel, V. Mlynárik, F. D. Morgenthaler, and R. Gruetter, Selective resonance suppression 1H-[13C] NMR spectroscopy with asymmetric adiabatic RF pulses, Magn Reson Med, issue.2, pp.61260-266, 2009.

L. Xin, V. Mlynárik, B. Lanz, H. Frenkel, and R. Gruetter, 1H-[13C] NMR spectroscopy of the rat brain during infusion of [2-13C] acetate at 14.1 T, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.61, issue.suppl 1, pp.334-340, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.22359

S. Yoshida, K. Oishi, A. V. Faria, and S. Mori, Diffusion tensor imaging of normal brain development, Pediatric Radiology, vol.21, issue.1, pp.15-27, 2013.
DOI : 10.1007/s00247-012-2496-x

C. S. Zuo, J. L. Bowers, K. R. Metz, T. Nosaka, A. D. Sherry et al., TmDOTP5???: A substance for NMR temperature measurementsin vivo, Magnetic Resonance in Medicine, vol.271, issue.6, pp.955-959, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/mrm.1910360619

C. Zwingmann and D. Leibfritz, Regulation of glial metabolism studied by13C-NMR, NMR in Biomedicine, vol.16, issue.67, pp.370-399, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/nbm.850