Sted og sprogforandring. En undersøgelse af sprogforandring i virkelig tid hos mobile og bofaste informanter fra Vinderup, Odder og Tinglev.
Résumé
Denne ph.d.-afhandling rummer resultaterne af et panel-studie i virkelig tid af sprogforandringen hos 23 informanter fra tre velkendte steder i den danske dialektologi og sociolingvistik: Odder i Østjylland, Vinderup i Vestjylland og Tinglev i Sønderjylland. Informanterne blev interviewet første gang som unge i perioden 1978-1989 og indgår i tidligere dialektundersøgelser. I 2005-2010 blev de geninterviewet af medarbejdere fra Danmarks Grundforskningsfonds Center for Sociolingvistiske Sprogforandringsstudier og Institut for Grænseregionsforskning ved Syddansk Universitet. Ved hjælp af kvantitative analyser af udvalgte morfologiske og fonologiske træk har jeg undersøgt sprogforandringen i virkelig tid hos én kvinde og én mand fra hvert sted, der har været geografisk og socialt mobil mellem de to optagelser. Disse informanters sprogforandring sammenlignes med sprogforandringen hos 17 bofaste informanter. Analyserne viser, at de mobile informanter allerede som børn markerede sig sprogligt anderledes og benyttede markant færre lokale varianter af de undersøgte variable, end de bofaste informanter. Endvidere viser analyserne, at der er store forskelle mellem sprogforandringen hos de bofaste informanter i de tre kommuner: i Odder forandres sprogbrugen en smule i retning af standarddansk, i Vinderup sker der (især blandt kvinderne) en forholdsvis drastisk dialektnivellering, og i Tinglev er sprogbrugen stabil hos de undersøgte informanter. For at forklare de forskellige sprogforandringsmønstre har jeg foretaget en række kvalitative analyser - dels på individniveau og dels af de tre sprogsamfund. Det viser sig, at der er sammenhænge mellem informanternes sprogforandring og en række sprogeksterne forhold (fx deres mentale orientering i barndommen) samt deres fremstilling af hjembyen/hjemegnen som 'place' i humangeografisk betydning. Desuden er der klare sammenhænge mellem graden af dialektnivellering de tre steder og en række historiske, demografiske og socio-økonomiske faktorer knyttet til det enkelte sted.
This PhD thesis is a panel study of twenty-three informants' language change in real time. The informants are from three municipalities situated in different Danish dialect areas: Vinderup in Western Jutland, Odder in Central Jutland and Tinglev in Southern Jutland. The first interviews (1978-1989) were part of language studies at Copenhagen University and the Department of Border Region Studies. The informants were re-interviewed between 2005 and 2010 by researchers from LANCHART and the University of Southern Denmark. The project examines the language change between the two recordings. The main focus is on six informants - one man and one woman from each place - who moved for educational purposes in the time between the two recordings. A comparative analysis - both quantitative and qualitative - is carried out between the six mobile informants and seventeen non-mobile informants. Quantitative analyses of morphological and phonological variables were used as the starting point for the investigation of connections between mobility and language change. The results give new insight into how the language has changed in the years between recordings among both mobile and non-mobile informants, and shows: 1) The language of the mobile informants only changes slightly. As synchronic studies of mobility suggest, but have no possibility of testing (cf. Bowie 2000, Omdal 1994), it turns out that the mobile informants marked themselves linguistically different than their non-mobile peers already as children and used fewer - if any - dialect features. 2) The language of some of the non-mobile informants has changed considerably while others remain quite stable. In general, the language change among the non-mobile informants is related to gender and place of origin: The dialect of the non-mobile women has been levelled more than that of non-mobile men. And the non-mobile informants from the three municipalities show quite different patterns of language change in the years between the recordings; in Tinglev the language has been stable, in Odder it has changed to some degree, and in Vinderup is has changed quite extensively. In the second part of the thesis, qualitative analyses explore factors that might help to reach a deeper understanding of the quantitative results; this is done both on the level of the community and the individual. Traditional dialectology and sociolinguistics has, until recently, treated place as a static and unproblematic background for the description of language use. However, to explain the quantitative results, we need to give special attention to 'place' in a wider human geographic understanding of the term. This is done by focusing on a variety of facts about each municipality as well as the individuals' sense of belonging (cf. Johnstone 2011; Britain 2009; Tuan 1990). On the level of the community I analyze facts about the three municipalities (e.g. geographical, historical, demographic, socio-economic and political) and point to factors that influence the significance and meaning of place to its inhabitants. On the individual's level I analyze the informants attitudes towards their place of origin and the language connected to the place. I also focus on a variety of factors that might have influenced orientation towards, and access to, standard Danish in the informants' childhood and youth (e.g. mental orientation towards urban areas, friends from other social groups and the individual's wish for a higher education). Generally seen, the mobile informants were oriented towards more urban areas and higher education when growing up, while the non-mobiles were locally oriented, which correlates with the use of standard language and local language respectively.
Domaines
Linguistique
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Ph.d._2013_Monka.pdf (2.73 Mo)
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Ph.d._2013_Monka_appendix.pdf (1.15 Mo)
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