K. Auel and . Benz, The Europeanisation of Parliamentary Democracy, Journal of Legislative Studies, vol.11, 2005.

K. Auel and A. Benz, Expanding national parliamentary control: does it enhance European democracy?. Debating the democratic legitimacy of the European Union, pp.57-74, 2007.

B. Stefano, Restructuring Europe Centre formation, system building, and political structuring between the nation state and the European Union, 2005.

R. Blaes, Le Plan Fouchet et le problème de l'Europe politique, 1971.

M. Bogaards, Consociational Interpretations of the European Union', European Union Politics 3, pp.357-381, 2002.

G. Bonvicini, Democracy in the EU and the Role of the European Parliament, A Study and a Call by The Federal Trust, Centro Studi sul Federalismo (Turin), Institute fur Europaische Politik Notre Europe published as Quaderno IAI, 2009.

T. Börzel and T. Risse, Conceptualizing the Domestic Impact of Europe The Politics of Europeanization, pp.57-80, 2003.

M. Bovens, D. Curtin, and P. Hart, The Real World of EU Accountability. What Deficit?, 2010.

S. Bowler and D. M. Farrell, The Organizing of the European Parliament: Committees, Specialization and Co-ordination, British Journal of Political Science, vol.25, issue.02, pp.219-262, 1995.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123400007158

J. Box-steffensmeier and C. Zorn, Duration Models and Proportional Hazards in Political Science, American Journal of Political Science, vol.45, issue.4, pp.972-988, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/2669335

B. Nathalie, Eurosceptics in the European Parliament: Exit or Voice?, Journal of European Integration, vol.34, pp.2151-168, 2012.

B. Nathalie and O. Costa, « The Challenges of Territorial Representation at Supranational Level: the Case of French MEPs, French Politics, vol.11, issue.1, 2013.

B. Nathalie, C. Olivier, D. Clarissa, and R. U. , Structural and political consequences of procedural changes in the European Parliament " , Ninth workshop of parliamentary scholars and parliamentarians, Wroxton College, pp.24-25, 2010.

B. Nathalie, Y. Rittelmeyer, and C. Stanculescu, Europe en campagne: une analyse croisée des médias nationaux, pp.173-203, 2010.

B. Sylvain, E. Kerrouche, O. Costa, and E. Helbig, From Theory to Practice: Political Representation in France, Journal of Legislative Studies 'French MPs and Parliament, vol.19, issue.2, 2013.

B. Sylvain, O. Costa, and T. König, The Europeanization of domestic legislatures. The empirical implications of the Delors' Myth in nine countries, 2012.

I. Budge, H. Klingemann, A. Volkens, J. Bara, and E. Tanenbaum, Mapping Policy Preferences: Estimates for Parties, Electors, and Governments, 1945.

B. Simone, Y. Rittelmeyer, and S. Van-hecke, « The Rotating Presidency under the Lisbon Treaty: From Political Leader to Middle Manager?, Peter Bursens et Steven Van Hecke (dir.) Readjusting the Council Presidency. Belgian Leadership in the EU, pp.43-63, 2011.

C. Burns, Who Pays? Who Gains? How do Costs and Benefits Shape the Policy Influence of the European Parliament?*, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.2, issue.4, pp.485-505, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-5965.00326

E. Calvo and I. Sagarzazu, Legislator Success in Committee: Gatekeeping Authority and the Loss of Majority Control, American Journal of Political Science, vol.83, issue.3, pp.1-15, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1540-5907.2010.00476.x

C. J. Carrubba, The Electoral Connection in European Union Politics, The Journal of Politics, vol.63, issue.1, pp.141-158, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/0022-3816.00062

C. J. Carrubba and L. Murrah, Legal Integration and Use of the Preliminary Ruling Process in the European Union, International Organization, vol.47, issue.02, pp.399-418, 2005.
DOI : 10.1162/002081898550590__S0020818398440323

C. J. Carrubba, M. Gabel, and C. Hankla, Judicial Behavior under Political Constraints: Evidence from the European Court of Justice, American Political Science Review, vol.67, issue.04, pp.435-52, 2008.
DOI : 10.1017/S0003055408080350

C. J. Carrubba, M. Gabel, L. Murrah, R. Clough, E. Montgomery et al., Off the Record: Unrecorded Legislative Votes, Selection Bias and Roll-Call Vote Analysis, British Journal of Political Science, vol.36, issue.04, pp.691-704, 2006.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123406000366

C. Thomas, A. Högenauer, and C. Neuhold, National Parliaments in the post-Lisbon European Union: Bureaucratization rather than Democratization?, OPAL Online Paper, 2012.

D. Chryssochou, Democracy and symbiosis in the European Union: Towards a confederal consociation?, West European Politics, vol.17, issue.4, pp.1-14, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/2010124

C. Ian, A " Virtual Third Chamber " for the European Union? National parliaments after the Treaty of Lisbon, ARENA Working Paper No, 2011.

C. Richard, The European Parliament's Role in Closer EU Integration, 1998.

C. Richard, J. Francis, and S. Michael, The European Parliament, 16th COSAC biannual report on EU Practices and Procedures, 2005.

C. Olivier, « Le Parlement européen entre efficacité fonctionnelle et déficit politique, Duprat (Gérard) (dir.), L'Union européenne, pp.145-174, 1996.

C. Olivier, Le Parlement européen, assemblée délibérante, 2001.

C. Olivier, « Les députés européens entre allégeances multiples et logique d'institution », Journal of European Integration, vol.24, issue.2, 2002.

C. Olivier, « La contribution de la composante 'Parlement européen' à la Convention européenne », Politique européenne, n° 13, printemps, pp.21-41, 2004.

C. Olivier, « Équilibres partisans et comportement parlementaire dans une Union à vingt-cinq : le Parlement européen entre continuité et bipolarisation, Dynamiques et résistances politiques dans le nouvel espace européen, pp.151-159, 2005.

C. Olivier, La parlementarisation inachevée de l'Union européenne : le Parlement européen entre puissance institutionnelle et faiblesse politique L'Europe prochaine. Regards franco-allemands sur l'avenir de l'Union européenne, 2007.

C. Olivier-dans-renaud, D. Florence, D. Olivier, and D. , « Parlement Européen et élargissement : entre fantasme et réalité) Elargissement : Comment l'Europe s'adapte, 2007.

C. Olivier, « Le Parlement européen dans le système institutionnel de l'Union : quand les députés européens jouent avec les idées, Les nouveaux espaces de la régulation politique, L'Harmattan, coll. Logiques politiques, pp.29-54, 2008.

C. Olivier, The European Parliament and the Community Method The 'Community Method'. Obstinate or Obsolete?, pp.60-75, 2011.

C. Olivier, Parliamentary Representation in France, numéro special du Journal of Legislative Studies, issue.2, 2013.

C. Olivier and M. Paul, « Idéologies et changement institutionnel dans l'Union européenne. Pourquoi les gouvernements ont-ils constamment renforcé le Parlement européen ? », Politique européenne, pp.49-75, 2003.

C. Olivier and M. Paul, Une Europe des élites ? Réflexions sur la fracture démocratique de l'Union européenne, 2007.

C. Olivier-et-magnette and P. , « Idéologies et changements institutionnel dans l'Union européenne : pourquoi les gouvernements ont-ils constamment renforcé le Parlement ? » Politique européenne, pp.49-75, 2003.

C. Olivier and M. Latek, « Paradoxes et limites de la coopération interparlementaire dans l'Union européenne », Revue d'intégration européenne, Journal of European Integration, vol.23, issue.2, pp.139-164, 2001.

C. Olivier, M. Saint, and . Florent, Le Parlement européen, Paris, La Documentation Française, collection " Réflexe Europe, 2011.

C. Olivier, D. Renaud, and D. Florence, « L'activité législative: moins mais mieux ? Elargissement : comment l'Europe s'adapte, 2006.

C. Olivier, D. Renaud, and T. Aneta, « La Codécision et les 'accords précoces'. Progrès ou détournement de la procédure législative ? », Notes de la Fondation Notre Europe, 2011.

C. Olivier, K. Eric, and P. Jérémie, « Les députés européens en quête de 'proximité' : retour sur la réforme français du mode de scrutin aux élections européennes Une Europe des élites ? Réflexions sur la fracture démocratique de l'Union européenne, 2007.

L. Cram, Policy-making in the European Union. Conceptual lenses and the integration process, 1997.

C. Amandine, Qui a peur de Bolkestein? Conflit, résistances et démocratie dans l'Union européenne, 2012.

C. Crombez, The Co-Decision Procedure in the European Union, Legislative Studies Quarterly, vol.22, issue.1, pp.97-119, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/440293

B. Crum, Parliamentarization of the CFSP through informal institution-making? The fifth European Parliament and the EU high representative, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.13, issue.3, 2006.
DOI : 10.1080/13501760600560425

A. Dauvergne, Le traité de Lisbonne: bilan et perspectives à l'été 2011', Notre Europe, Working Paper n, 2011.

D. Scoutheete and P. , Decision-making in the Union', Notre Europe: Policy Brief, p.24, 2011.

P. De-wilde, Why the Early Warning Mechanism does not Alleviate the Democratic Deficit, OPAL Online Paper No, 2012.

D. Wilde and P. , No Polity for Old Politics? A Framework for Analyzing the Politicization of European Integration, Journal of European Integration, vol.16, issue.5, pp.559-575, 2011.
DOI : 10.1057/cep.2010.4

R. Dehousse, F. Deloche, and S. Jacquot, Que fait l'Europe ?, Presses de Sciences Po, coll. « Evaluer l'Europe, pp.103-119, 2009.

D. Renaud, «Constitutional Reform in the European Community: Are there Alternatives to the Majoritarian Avenue ?, West European Politics, pp.118-136, 1995.

D. Renaud, The 'Community Method'. Obstinate or Obsolete?, Studies in European Union Politics, 2011.

D. Renaud, F. Deloche-gaudez, and O. Duhamel, Elargissement : comment l'Europe s'adapte, 2006.

R. Dehousse, Constitutional reform in the European community: Are there alternatives to the Majoritarian avenue?, West European Politics, vol.5754, issue.3, pp.118-154, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-5965.1993.tb00477.x

Y. Deloye, La socio-histoire et l'intégration européenne, pp.5-154, 2006.

Y. Deloye, De Rome à Florence : le devenir historique de l'intégration européenne, Critique, pp.731-312, 2008.

D. Pascal and K. Erol, Les fédérations européennes de partis. Organisation et influence, 2001.

P. Delwit, J. M. De-waele, and P. Magnette, (dir.) 1999, À quoi sert le Parlement européen ? Stratégies et pouvoirs d'une assemblée transnational

K. Detterbeck, Cartel Parties in Western Europe?, Party Politics, vol.11, issue.2, pp.173-191, 2005.
DOI : 10.1177/1354068805049738

H. Döring, Time as a scarce resource: Government control of the agenda, Parliaments and Majority Rule in Western Europe. Frankfurt: Campus, pp.223-246, 1995.

H. Döring, The Composition of the College of Commissioners, European Union Politics, vol.31, issue.4, pp.209-230, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116507076430

D. Earnshaw and D. Judge, The European Parliament, 2003.

D. Earnshaw and D. Judge, The European Parliament, 2008.

R. Elgie, Semi-presidentialism in Europe, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/0198293860.001.0001

G. Falkner, The EU's Decision Traps, Comparing Policies, 2011.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199596225.001.0001

F. Henry and H. Adrienne, « Interorganizational Negotiation and Intraorganizational Power in Shared Decision Making. Early Agreements Under Codecision and Their Impact on the European Parliament and Council, Comparative Political Studies, vol.27, pp.1184-1212, 2004.

M. D. Farrell and R. Scully, Representing Europe's Citizens?: Electoral Institutions and the Failure of Parliamentary Democracy, 2007.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199285020.001.0001

H. Follesdal, Why There is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.18, issue.3, pp.533-562, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/0261-3794(94)90028-0

A. Follesdal and S. Hix, Why There Is a Democratic Deficit in the EU: A Response to Majone and Moravcsik', European Governance Papers, pp.1-27, 2005.

F. François, Légitimer l'Europe. Pouvoir et symbolique à l'ère de la gouvernance, Paris, Presses de Sciences Po, collection Académique, 2008.

M. Gabel and S. Hix, Defining the Eu Political Space: An Empirical Study of the European Elections Manifestos, 1979-1999, Comparative Political Studies, vol.35, issue.8, pp.934-964, 1979.
DOI : 10.1177/001041402236309

D. Georgakakis, Le champ de l'eurocratie : une sociologie polique du personnel de l'UE, 2012.

G. Jürgen, Transnationale Öffentlichkteinen und Identitäten im 20, «Das Öffentlichkeitsdefizit der EU im Horizont normativer Öffeenttlichketitstheorien», pp.135-157, 2002.

K. Goetz, How does the EU tick? Five propositions on political time, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.25, issue.2, pp.202-220, 2009.
DOI : 10.1057/9780230611184

J. Golub, In the Shadow of the Vote? Decision Making in the European Community, International Organization, vol.53, issue.04, pp.733-764, 1999.
DOI : 10.1162/002081899551057

J. Golub, Institutional reform and decisionmaking in the European Union In: Hosli M and van Deemen A (eds) Institutional challenges in the European Union, pp.134-154, 2002.

J. Golub, Survival Analysis and European Union Decision-making, European Union Politics, vol.1, issue.3, pp.155-179, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116507076428

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00571741

J. Golub, The Study of Decision-Making Speed in the European Union, European Union Politics, vol.8, issue.4, pp.167-179, 2008.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116507085961

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00571761

J. Golub and B. Steunenberg, How Time Affects EU Decision-Making, European Union Politics, vol.8, issue.2, pp.555-566, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116507082814

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00571754

J. Golub, State Power and Institutional Influence in European Integration: Lessons from the Packaging Waste Directive*, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.30, issue.3, pp.313-339, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/796898

G. Dieter, Treaty or constitution? The legal basis of the EU after Maastricht, Developing a Constitution for Europe, pp.70-89, 2004.

E. B. Haas, The Uniting of Europe. Political, Social and Economic Forces, 1950.

F. Häge, The European Union Policy-Making dataset, European Union Politics, vol.44, issue.4, pp.455-477, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116511398739

S. Hagemann and B. Høyland, Parties in the Council?, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.8, issue.8, pp.1205-1221, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1477-7053.1985.tb01098.x

M. Hartlapp, J. Metz, and C. Rauh, Linking Agenda Setting to Coordination Structures: Bureaucratic Politics inside the European Commission, Journal of European Integration, vol.1, issue.2, 2012.
DOI : 10.1080/13501760601122241

H. Adrienne, Elements of democratic legitimation in Europe: an alternative perspective, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.6, issue.2, pp.269-282, 1999.

H. Simon, The political system of the European Union, 1999.

H. Simon, Parliamentary behavior with two principals: Preferences, parties, and voting in the European Parliament, American Journal of Political Science, vol.46, issue.3, pp.688-698, 2002.

H. Simon, Constitutional Agenda-Setting Through Discretion in Rule Interpretation: Why the European Parliament Won at Amsterdam, British Journal of Political Science, vol.32, issue.2, pp.259-280, 2002.

H. Simon, Electoral institutions and legislative behavior: Explaining voting defection in the European Parliament, World Politics, vol.56, issue.2, pp.194-223, 2004.

H. Simon, Why the EU needs (Left-Right) Politics? Policy Reform and Accountability are Impossible without it, 2008.

H. Simon, What's Wrong with the European Union and How To Fix It, 2008.

H. Simon, Towards a Partisan Theory of EU Politics, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.15, issue.8, pp.1254-1265, 2008.

H. Simon and M. Michael, Second-order effects plus pan-European political swings: An analysis of European Parliament elections across time, Electoral Studies, vol.30, issue.1, pp.4-15, 2011.

H. Simon, A. Noury, and G. Roland, Dimensions of Politics in the European Parliament, American Journal of Political Science, vol.50, issue.2, pp.494-520, 2006.

H. Simon, A. G. Noury, and G. Roland, Democratic Politics in the European Parliament, 2007.

H. Simon, A. Noury, and R. G. , Power to the parties: Cohesion and competition in the European Parliament, British Journal of Political Science, vol.35, issue.2, pp.209-234, 1979.

H. Ronald, Democratic Legitimacy and the European Union, Journal of European Integration, vol.29, issue.3, 2007.

L. Hooghe and G. Marks, A Postfunctionalist Theory of European Integration: From Permissive Consensus to Constraining Dissensus, British Journal of Political Science, vol.39, issue.01, pp.1-23, 2009.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123408000409

. Høyland, An Automated Database of the European Parliament 1 4 9Legislative Votes, Selection Bias and Roll-Call Analysis, British Journal of Political Science, vol.36, pp.691-704

S. Hug, Endogenous Preferences And Delegation In The European Union, Comparative Political Studies, vol.67, issue.2, pp.41-74, 2003.
DOI : 10.1177/0010414094026004006

J. Jean and S. Andy, Les commissaires européens, Technocrates, diplomates ou politiques ?, 2002.

D. Judge and D. Earnshaw, « Weak EP Influence ? A Study of the Environment Committee of the EP », Government and Opposition, pp.262-276, 1994.

R. Kardasheva, The Power to Delay: The European Parliament's Influence in the Consultation Procedure, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.88, issue.4, pp.385-409, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2009.00809.x

H. Kassim and A. Menon, The National Coordination of EU Policy: the European level, 2001.

H. Kassim and B. , The National Coordination of EU Policy: the domestic level, 2000.

K. Richard and P. Mair, Changing Models of Party Organization and Party Democracy: the emergence of the cartel party, Party Politics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.5-31, 1995.

K. Richard, S. Et, and M. Peter, How Parties Organize: Change and Adaptation in Party Organizations in Western Democracies, 1994.

R. S. Katz, P. Dans-taggart, and A. Szczerbiak, Euroscepticism in Parliament: a comparative analysis of the European Parliament and National Parliaments Opposing Europe? The Comparative Party Politics of Euroscepticism, Comparative and Theoretical Perspectives, vol.2, pp.151-180, 2008.

N. Kauppi, Democracy, social resources and political power in the European, 2005.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00293716

D. Keitz, A. Maurer, and C. Völkel, Interinstitutional Agreements in the CFSP: Parliamentarization through the Back Door?, European Foreign Affairs Review, vol.10, issue.2, pp.175-195, 2005.

D. R. Kelemen, Eurolegalism: The Transformation of Law and Regulation in the European Union, 2011.
DOI : 10.4159/harvard.9780674061057

P. Kiiver, The Early Warning System for the Principle of Subsidiarity. Constitutional theory and empirical reality, 2012.

K. Heike and I. Sagarzazu, Ideological congruency and decision-making speed: The effect of partisanship across European Union institutions, European Union Politics, 2013.

T. König, Divergence or convergence? From ever-growing to ever-slowing European legislative decision making, European Journal of Political Research, vol.38, issue.3, pp.417-444, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-6765.2006.00648.x-i1

T. König, Analysing the Process of EU Legislative Decision-Making, European Union Politics, vol.8, issue.4, pp.145-165, 2008.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116507085960

K. Thomas and B. Luig, Party ideology and legislative agendas: Estimating contextual policy positions for the study of EU decision-making, European Union Politics, vol.13, issue.4, pp.604-625, 2012.

L. Kovats, Do elections set the pace? A quantitative assessment of the timing of European legislation, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.3, issue.2, pp.239-255, 2009.
DOI : 10.1162/00208180151140603

A. Kreppel and G. Tsebelis, Coalition Formation in the European Parliament, Comparative Political Studies, vol.52, issue.8, pp.933-966, 1999.
DOI : 10.1177/0010414099032008002

A. Kreppel, What Affects the European Parliament's Legislative Influence? An Analysis of the Success of EP Amendments, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.37, issue.3, pp.521-538, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-5965.00176

A. Kreppel, Procedure and Influence : An Empirical Analysis of EP Influence under the Codecision and Cooperation Procedures », contribution au congrès de l'American Political Studies Association, 2000.

A. Kreppel, The European Parliament and Supranational Party System: A Study in Institutional Development, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511606083

A. Kreppel, Understanding the European Parliament from a Federalist Perspective: The legislatures of the United States and the European Union Compared Comparative Federalism: The European Union and the United States in Comparative Perspective, pp.245-271, 2006.

H. Kriesi and A. H. , The Politics of Switzerland. Continuity and Change in a Consensus-Democracy, 2008.

D. Lassalle and N. Levrat, Un triangle ?? quatre c??t??s : L'equilibre institutionnel et le conseil Europ??en, Journal of European Integration, vol.19, issue.4, pp.431-450, 2004.
DOI : 10.1080/0703633042000306553

L. Christian, L'intégration européenne : entre émergence institutionnelle et recomposition de l'État, 2004.

J. Lewis, Is the 'Hard Bargaining' Image of the Council Misleading? The Committee of Permanent Representatives and the Local Elections Directive, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.36, issue.4, pp.479-504, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-5965.00136

A. Lijphart, Patterns of Democracy: Government Forms and Performance in Thirty-Six Countries, 1999.

L. N. Lindberg, The Political Dynamics of European Economic Integration, 1963.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-230-20933-6_6

C. Lord, The European Parliament, Not a Very European Parliament?', Politique Européenne, pp.30-48, 2003.

T. J. Lowi, Four Systems of Policy, Politics, and Choice, Public Administration Review, vol.32, issue.4, pp.298-310, 1972.
DOI : 10.2307/974990

L. Nicola and F. Cristina, « Il Parlamento Europeo e l'intervento delle associazioni italiane di interessi nelle procedure parlamentari », Sinergie Rapporti di Ricerca, pp.37-60, 2012.

M. Paul, L'Europe, l'État et la démocratie, Le souverain apprivoisé, 2000.

M. Paul, Contrôler l'Europe : pouvoir et responsabilités dans l'Union européenne, 2003.

M. Paul, Le régime politique de l'Union européenne, 2003.

M. Paul, « La difficile parlementarisation de l'Union européenne, 2005.

M. Paul, What is the European Union? : nature and prospects, 2005.

M. Paul and Y. Papadopoulos, On the Politicization of the European Consociation: A Middle Way between Hix and Bartolini', European Governance Papers, 2008.

M. Paul and K. Nicolaïdis, Large And Small Member States in the European Union: Reinventing The Balance, Fondation Notre Europe, 2003.

G. Majone, The European Commission: The Limits of Centralization and the Perils of Parliamentarization, Governance, vol.15, issue.3, pp.375-92, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/0952-1895.00193

G. Majone, Dilemmas of European Integration: The Ambiguities and Pitfalls of Integration by Stealth, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/0199274304.001.0001

P. Manow, A. Schäfer, and H. Zorn, Europe's party-political centre of gravity, 1957???2003, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.33, issue.1, pp.20-39, 1957.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-9248.2005.00535.x

D. Marquand, A Parliament for Europe, 1979.

M. Stefan, Transnational parliamentary assemblies and European security policy The Parliamentary Control of European Security Policy, ARENA Report No RECON Report N°, vol.7, issue.6, pp.109-132, 2008.

M. Piérard and F. , « Le Parlement européen, l'irrésistible mouvement de conquête des pouvoirs, Revue Internationale de Politique Comparée, pp.4-545, 2009.

M. Mikko and L. , Why Unanimity in the Council? A Roll Call Analysis of Council Voting, European Union Politics, vol.2, issue.1, pp.31-52, 2001.

W. Mattli and A. Burley, Revisiting the European Court of Justice, International Organization, vol.52, issue.01, pp.177-210, 1998.
DOI : 10.1162/002081898550590

G. Mcelroy and K. Benoit, Party Groups and Policy Positions in the European Parliament, Party Politics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.5-28, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/1354068806068593

G. Mcelroy and K. Benoit, Party Policy and Group Affiliation in the European Parliament, British Journal of Political Science, vol.40, issue.02, pp.377-398, 2010.
DOI : 10.1017/S0007123409990469

M. Gail, Legislative Politics as Normal? Voting Behaviour and Beyond in the European Parliament, European Union politics, vol.8, issue.3, 2007.

M. Christoph and O. , « The Europeanization of Media Discourse: a Study of Quality Press Coverage of Economic Policy Co-ordination since Amsterdam, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.43, issue.1, pp.121-148, 2005.

A. Milward, The European Rescue of the Nation State, 1992.

A. Moravcsik, The Choice for Europe: Social Purpose and State Power From Rome to Maastricht, 1998.

M. Andrew, In Defence of the 'Democratic Deficit': Reassessing Legitimacy in the European Union, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.40, issue.4, pp.603-624, 2002.

M. Andrew, « What can we learn from the collapse of the European constitutional project?, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, vol.47, issue.2, pp.219-241, 2006.

C. Moury, Explaining the European Parliament's right to appoint and invest the commission, West European Politics, vol.30, issue.2, pp.367-391, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-5965.00118

K. B. Müller, Featuring a European Civil Society: European Demos and Democratic Deficit in the EU, 2009.

J. Navarro, Les députés européens et leur rôle : sociologie interprétative des pratiques parlementaires, 2009.

O. Johan and P. , Europe in Search of Political Order: An Institutional Perspective on Unity/Diversity, Citizens/Their Helpers, Democratic Design/Historical Drift and the Co-Existence of Orders, 2007.

P. Bruno, « Les 'trois i' et l'analyse de l'Etat en action, Revue française de science politique 1, 2005.

. Parlement-européen, La construction d'un parlement : 50 ans d'histoire du Parlement européen, 1958.

V. Paskalev, Lisbon Treaty and the Possibility of a European Network Demoicracy , Working paper, 2009.

M. Pollack, Delegation, agency, and agenda setting in the European Community, International Organization, vol.51, issue.1, pp.99-134, 1997.
DOI : 10.1162/002081897550311

S. Princen, Agenda-Setting in the European Union, 2009.
DOI : 10.1057/9780230233966

S. Princen, Agenda-setting strategies in EU policy processes, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.10, issue.7, pp.927-943, 2011.
DOI : 10.1080/135017698344027

U. Puetter and A. Wiener, The Intergovernmental Dimension of EU Foreign and Security Policy: Enacting Normative Meaning-in-Use in Policy Deliberation, 2011.

J. Quermonne, Le système politique de l'UE, Montchrestien, Clefs/politique, 1° éd, 1992.

A. Rasmussen and D. Toshkov, The Inter-institutional Division of Power and Time Allocation in the European Parliament, West European Politics, vol.52, issue.1, pp.71-96, 2010.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116500001001002

K. H. Reif and H. Schmitt, NINE SECOND-ORDER NATIONAL ELECTIONS - A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ELECTION RESULTS, European Journal of Political Research, vol.10, issue.1, pp.3-45, 1980.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00737.x

K. Reif and H. Schmitt, NINE SECOND-ORDER NATIONAL ELECTIONS - A CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK FOR THE ANALYSIS OF EUROPEAN ELECTION RESULTS, European Journal of Political Research, vol.10, issue.1, pp.3-44, 1980.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-6765.1980.tb00737.x

B. Rittberger, Building Europe's Parliament: Democratic Representation beyond the Nation-State, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/0199273421.001.0001

B. Rittberger, F. Schimmelfenning, S. Dans-meunier, and K. Mcnamara, Building Europe's Constitution. The parliamentarization and institutionalization of human rights, 2007.

R. Philippe and L. Christian, « Les comités d'experts indépendants : l'expertise au service d'une démocratie supranationale ? », Revue française de science politique, pp.867-880, 2001.

R. Robert, The Democracy Deficit and Mass Support for an EU-Wide Government, American Journal of Political Science, vol.46, issue.2, pp.463-475, 2002.

B. Rosamond, Theories of European integration, 2000.

P. Rosanvallon, Le peuple introuvable -Histoire de la représentation démocratique en France, 1998.

P. Rosanvallon, La Démocratie inachevée -Histoire de la souveraineté du peuple en France, 2000.

P. Rosanvallon, La contre-démocratie. La politique à l'âge de la défiance, 2006.

P. Rosanvallon, La légitimité démocratique : impartialité, réflexivité, proximité, 2008.

W. Sandholtz, S. Sweet, and A. , European Integration and Supranational Governance, 1998.
DOI : 10.1093/0198294646.001.0001

G. Sartori, Parties and Party Systems: A Framework for Analysis, 1976.

S. Sabine, « L'européanisation comme processus de transfert de politique publique », Revue internationale de politique comparée Les modes de représentation dans l'Union européenne, 2003.

S. Saurugger, Européaniser les intérêts? Les groupes d'intérêt économiques et l'élargissement de l'Union européenne, 2003.

S. Saurugger, Théories et concepts de l'intégration européenne, 2009.

F. W. Scharpf, The Joint-Decision Trap: Lessons from German Federalism and European Integration', Public Administration, pp.239-278, 1988.

F. Scharpf, Die Politikverflechtungs-Falle: Europäische Integration und deutscher Föderalismus im Vergleich, Politische Vierteljahresschrift, vol.26, issue.4, pp.323-56, 1985.

F. Scharpf, Reflections on Multilevel Legitimacy. MPIfG Working Paper 3, 2007.

F. Scharpf, The JDT Model. Context and Extensions The EU's Decision Traps. Comparing Policies pp, pp.217-253, 2011.

F. W. Scharpf, Governing in Europe: Effective and democratic, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198295457.001.0001

E. E. Schattschneider, The Semi-Sovereign People: A Realist's View of Democracy in America, 1960.

. Schmidt, Democracy in Europe: The EU and National Polities, 2006.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199266975.001.0001

H. Schulz and T. König, Institutional Reform and Decision-Making Efficiency in the European Union, American Journal of Political Science, vol.44, issue.4, pp.653-666, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/2669273

R. Schwok, Théories de l'intégration européenne : approches, concepts et débats, 2005.

R. Scully, Becoming Europeans? : attitudes, behaviour, and socialization in the European Parliament, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/0199284326.001.0001

R. M. Scully, MEPs and the building of a ???parliamentary Europe???, The Journal of Legislative Studies, vol.32, issue.3, pp.92-108, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1477-7053.1994.tb01248.x

P. Settembri and C. Neuhold, Achieving Consensus Through Committees: Does the European Parliament Manage?*, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.6, issue.1, pp.127-151, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-5965.2008.01835.x

M. Shackleton, The European Parliament's New Committees of Inquiry: Tiger or Paper Tiger?, The Politics of Codecision, pp.115-130, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-5965.00100

S. Sifft, M. Brüggeman, K. Kleinen-von-königslow, B. Peters, and A. Wimmel, Segmented Europeanization: Exploring the Legitimacy of the European Union from a Public Discourse Perspective, JCMS: Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.6, issue.2, pp.127-55, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1460-2466.2000.tb02844.x

S. Emmanuel, Does Performance Matter? MEP Activity Levels and Re-Election " Paper presented at the EUSA Biennial Conference, 2011.

S. Andy, « L' 'espace public européen' : une vue (trop) aérienne », Critique internationale, pp.169-180, 1998.

M. R. Steenbergen, E. E. Edwards, and C. E. De-vries, Who's Cueing Whom? Mass-Elite Linkages and the Future of European Integration, pp.13-35, 2007.

P. J. Stephenson, Image and venue as factors mediating latent spillover pressure for agenda-setting change, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.23, issue.0, pp.796-816, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-5965.1994.tb00482.x

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01024524

S. Bernard and T. Jacques, The European Parliament : Moving toward Democracy in the EU, 2002.

S. Yves, « The Role of Cognitive and Normative Frames in Policy-Making, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.7, issue.4, 2000.

S. Yves, « L'intégration européenne vue par l'approche cognitive et normative des politiques publiques », Revue française de science politique, pp.235-254, 2000.

T. Paul, Consociationalism and Federalism as Approaches to International Integration, Frameworks for International Cooperation: Pinter), pp.172-84, 1998.

M. Telò and P. Magnette, De Maastricht à Amsterdam: l'Europe et son nouveau traité, 1998.

R. Thomson, Resolving Controversy in the European Union: Legislative Decision- Making Before and After Enlargement, 2011.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139005357

D. Toshkov and A. Rasmussen, Time to decide: The effect of early agreements on legislative duration in the EU. European Integration Online Papers (EIoP) 16(article 11) Available at, 2012.

D. Toshkov, Public opinion and policy output in the European Union: A lost relationship, European Union Politics, vol.66, issue.1, pp.169-191, 2011.
DOI : 10.1177/1465116510395043

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00828977

T. George, &. Garrett, and G. , The Institutional Foundations of Intergovernmentalism and Supranationalism in the European Union, International Organization, vol.55, pp.357-90, 2001.

T. George, Decision making in political systems: Veto players in presidentialism, parliamentarism, multicamerialism and multipartyism, British Journal of Political Science, vol.25, issue.3, pp.289-325, 1995.

T. George, Veto Players and Law Production in Parliamentary Democracies: An Empirical Analysis, The American Political Science Review, vol.93, pp.591-608, 1999.

T. George, Veto Players. How Political Institutions Work, 2002.

T. George and G. Garrett, Legislative politics in the European Union, European Union Politics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.9-36, 2000.

T. George and X. Yataganas, Veto Players and Decision-making in the EU After Nice, Journal of Common Market Studies, vol.40, issue.2, pp.283-307, 2002.

T. George, C. B. Jensen, A. Kalandrakis, and A. Kreppel, « Legislative procedures in the EU: an Empirical Analysis, British Journal of Political Science, vol.31, issue.3, pp.573-599, 2001.

V. Antoine, L'Union par le droit. L'invention d'un programme institutionnel pour l'Europe, Presses de Sciences Po, Coll. Références, 2013.

T. Veen, Positions and Salience in European Union Politics: A New Dataset, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.12, issue.2, pp.267-288, 2011.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1618708

V. Schmidt-ici, Better the Devil You Know? Synthetic and Confederal Understandings of European Unification, ou plus bas dans ton paragraphe Warleigh Alex, pp.1-18, 1998.

A. Warntjen, S. Hix, and C. Crombez, The party political make-up of EU legislative bodies1, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1243-1253, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/13501760601122241

W. Martin, P. Wonka, and A. , A Modern Guide to the European ParliamentTechnocratic and independent? The appointment of European Commissioners and its policy implications, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.14, issue.2, pp.69-89, 1994.

A. Wonka, Decision-making dynamics in the European Commission: partisan, national or sectoral?, Journal of European Public Policy, vol.52, issue.8, pp.1145-1163, 2008.
DOI : 10.1080/13501760601122241

D. Ziblatt, Structuring the State: The Formation of Italy and Germany and the Puzzle of Federalism, 2006.
DOI : 10.1515/9781400827244