F. Aggeri, Environmental policies and innovation, Research Policy, vol.28, issue.7, pp.699-717, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0048-7333(99)00015-3
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00644610

P. Aghion and N. Bloom, Competition and Innovation: An Inverted-U Relationship*, Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.120, issue.2, pp.701-728, 2005.

P. Aghion and P. W. Howitt, Endogenous Growth Theory, 1998.

S. Ahn, Competition, Innovation and Productivity Growth: A Review of Theory and Evidence, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2002.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.318059

S. Ahn, Competition, Innovation and Productivity Growth: A Review of Theory and Evidence, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.317, 2002.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.318059

M. Akrich and M. Callon, THE KEY TO SUCCESS IN INNOVATION PART I: THE ART OF INTERESSEMENT, International Journal of Innovation Management, vol.06, issue.02, pp.187-206, 2002.
DOI : 10.1142/S1363919602000550

A. Alberini and K. Segerson, Assessing Voluntary Programs to Improve Environmental Quality, Environmental and Resource Economics, vol.22, issue.1/2, pp.157-184, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1015519116167

A. A. Alchian and H. Demsetz, Production, Information Costs, and Economic Organization, The American Economic Review, vol.62, issue.5, pp.777-795, 1972.

A. Alesina and S. Ardagna, Regulation and Investment, Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.3, issue.4, pp.791-825, 2005.
DOI : 10.1162/1542476054430834

W. R. Anton and G. Deltas, Incentives for environmental self-regulation and implications for environmental performance, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.48, issue.1, pp.632-654, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jeem.2003.06.003

M. Arellano and S. Bond, Some Tests of Specification for Panel Data: Monte Carlo Evidence and an Application to Employment Equations, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.58, issue.2, p.277, 1991.
DOI : 10.2307/2297968

M. Armstrong and D. E. Sappington, Regulation, Competition, and Liberalization, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.44, issue.2, pp.325-366, 2006.
DOI : 10.1257/jel.44.2.325
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.177.4173

S. Arora and T. N. Cason, Why Do Firms Volunteer to Exceed Environmental Regulations? Understanding Participation in EPA's 33/50 Program, Land Economics, vol.72, issue.4, pp.413-432, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/3146906

K. Arrow, Economic Welfare and the Allocation of Resources for Invention, p.112, 1962.

R. Baldwin and M. Cave, Understanding regulation: theory, strategy, and practice, 1999.
DOI : 10.1093/acprof:osobl/9780199576081.001.0001

J. M. Bauer, Regulation, public policy, and investment in communications infrastructure, Telecommunications Policy, vol.34, issue.1-2, pp.65-79, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2009.11.011

W. J. Baumol, Contestable markets: an uprising in the theory of industry structure, The American Economic Review, vol.72, issue.1, pp.1-15, 1982.

B. Jr, A. , and G. C. Means, Corporations and the public investor, The American Economic Review, vol.20, issue.1, pp.54-71, 1930.

B. Blättel-mink, Innovation towards sustainable economy - the integration of economy and ecology in companies, Sustainable Development, vol.89, issue.2, pp.49-58, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1719(199808)6:2<49::AID-SD84>3.0.CO;2-I

M. Blowfield and W. Visser, Sustainability Innovation: Mapping the Territory. University Cambridge Programme for Industry Research Paper Series, 2007.

G. Bognetti and G. Obermann, LIBERALIZATION AND PRIVATIZATION OF PUBLIC UTILITIES: ORIGINS OF THE DEBATE, CURRENT ISSUES AND CHALLENGES FOR THE FUTURE, Annals of Public and Cooperative Economics, vol.78, issue.3, pp.3-4, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-8292.2008.00367.x

P. Bohm and C. S. Russell, Chapter 10 Comparative analysis of alternative policy instruments, Handbook of natural resource and energy economics, vol.1, pp.395-460, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/S1573-4439(85)80013-0

F. Borger and I. Kruglianskas, Corporate social responsibility and environmental and technological innovation performance: case studies of Brazilian companies, International Journal of Technology, Policy and Management, vol.6, issue.4, pp.399-412, 2006.
DOI : 10.1504/IJTPM.2006.011724

B. Bortolotti and J. D. Souza, Privatization and the sources of performance improvement in the global telecommunications industry, Telecommunications Policy, vol.26, issue.5-6, pp.5-6, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0308-5961(02)00013-7

J. Bouckaert and T. Van-dijk, Regulation and broadband penetration-what is required to regain speed in Belgium?, 2008.

M. Bourreau and P. Dogan, Unbundling the local loop, European Economic Review, vol.49, issue.1, pp.173-199, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0014-2921(03)00020-5

N. A. Braathen and O. F. Co-ope, Voluntary approaches for environmental policy, 2003.

B. J. Bushee, The influence of institutional investors on myopic R&D investment behavior, Accounting Review, vol.73, issue.3, pp.305-333, 1998.

M. Calderini and P. Garrone, Liberalisation, industry turmoil and the balance of R&D activities, Information Economics and Policy, vol.13, issue.2, pp.199-230, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-6245(01)00034-8

C. Cambini and Y. Jiang, Broadband investment and regulation: A literature review, Telecommunications Policy, vol.33, issue.10-11, pp.10-11, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2009.08.007

D. Campbell and B. Craven, Voluntary social reporting in three FTSE sectors: a comment on perception and legitimacy, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol.16, issue.4, pp.558-581, 2003.
DOI : 10.1108/09513570310492308

C. Carraro and D. Siniscalco, Voluntary agreements in environmental policy: a theoretical appraisal, 1996.

A. B. Carroll, A Three-Dimensional Conceptual Model of Corporate Performance, The Academy of Management Review, vol.4, issue.4, pp.497-505, 1979.

P. Castka and M. A. Balzarova, ISO 26000 and supply chains???On the diffusion of the social responsibility standard, International Journal of Production Economics, vol.111, issue.2, pp.274-286, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijpe.2006.10.017

S. Cavaco and P. Crifo, The CSR-Firm Performance Missing Link: Complementarity Between Environmental, Social and Business Behavior Criteria, pp.1-21, 2010.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00504747

M. Cave, Encouraging infrastructure competition via the ladder of investment, Telecommunications Policy, vol.30, issue.3-4, pp.3-4, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2005.09.001

M. Cave, Snakes and ladders: Unbundling in a next generation world, Telecommunications Policy, vol.34, issue.1-2, pp.80-85, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2009.11.006

M. Cave and S. K. Majumdar, Structure,regulation and competition. Handbook of Telecommunications Economics, 2002.

M. Cave and I. Vogelsang, How access pricing and entry interact, Telecommunications Policy, vol.27, issue.10-11, pp.10-11, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2003.08.004

D. W. Caves and L. R. Christensen, The Relative Efficiency of Public and Private Firms in a Competitive Environment: The Case of Canadian Railroads, Journal of Political Economy, vol.88, issue.5, pp.958-976, 1980.
DOI : 10.1086/260916

P. Cerin and P. Dobers, What does the performance of the Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index tell us?, Eco-Management and Auditing, vol.10, issue.3, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/ema.159

F. Cesaroni and A. Minin, Exploration and Exploitation Strategies in Industrial R&D, Creativity and Innovation Management, vol.38, issue.4, p.222, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0048-7333(86)90027-2

D. Cetindamar and K. Husoy, Corporate Social Responsibility Practices and Environmentally Responsible Behavior: The Case of The United Nations Global Compact, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.53, issue.4, pp.163-176, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-006-9265-4

H. Chang and H. Koski, Regulation and investment behaviour in the telecommunications sector: policies and patterns in US and Europe, Telecommunications Policy, vol.27, issue.10-11, pp.10-11, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/j.telpol.2003.08.005

Y. Chen and S. Lai, The Influence of Green Innovation Performance on Corporate Advantage in Taiwan, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.8, issue.2, pp.331-339, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-006-9025-5

P. Christmann, EFFECTS OF "BEST PRACTICES" OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT ON COST ADVANTAGE: THE ROLE OF COMPLEMENTARY ASSETS., Academy of Management Journal, vol.43, issue.4, pp.663-680, 2000.
DOI : 10.2307/1556360

P. M. Clarkson and Y. Li, Does it really pay to be green? Determinants and consequences of proactive environmental strategies, Journal of Accounting, 2010.

W. M. Cohen and D. A. , Innovation and Learning: The Two Faces of R & D, The Economic Journal, vol.99, issue.397, pp.569-596, 1989.
DOI : 10.2307/2233763

C. Consolandi and A. Jaiswal-dale, Global Standards and Ethical Stock Indexes: The Case of the Dow Jones Sustainability Stoxx Index, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.47, issue.2, pp.185-197, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-008-9793-1

E. Danneels, The dynamics of product innovation and firm competences, Strategic Management Journal, vol.36, issue.7, pp.1095-1121, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/smj.275

A. Datta, Divestiture and Its Implications for Innovation and Productivity Growth in U. S. Telecommunications, Southern Economic Journal, vol.69, issue.3, pp.644-658, 2003.
DOI : 10.2307/1061699

A. Datta and S. Agarwal, Telecommunications and economic growth: a panel data approach, Applied Economics, vol.81, issue.15, pp.1649-1654, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/0308-5961(77)90041-6

K. Davis, Can Business Afford to Ignore Social Responsibilities?, California Management Review, vol.2, issue.3, pp.70-76, 1960.
DOI : 10.2307/41166246

K. Davis, Understanding the social responsibility puzzle, Business Horizons, vol.10, issue.4, pp.45-50, 1967.
DOI : 10.1016/0007-6813(67)90007-9

C. Deegan, Introduction, Accounting, Auditing & Accountability Journal, vol.15, issue.3, pp.282-311, 2002.
DOI : 10.1108/09513570210435852

M. A. Delmas, N. S. Nairn-birch, T. Tail, . Wagging, . Dog et al., IS, 2011.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00530273

W. Distaso and P. Lupi, Platform competition and broadband uptake: Theory and empirical evidence from the European union, Information Economics and Policy, vol.18, issue.1, pp.87-106, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.infoecopol.2005.07.002

J. Farrell and G. Saloner, Standardization, Compatibility, and Innovation, The RAND Journal of Economics, vol.16, issue.1, pp.70-83, 1985.
DOI : 10.2307/2555589

Y. Fassin, The Reasons Behind Non-Ethical Behaviour in Business and Entrepreneurship, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.51, issue.1, pp.265-279, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-005-0134-3

G. Fields, Territories of profit, The Journal of Economic History, vol.64, issue.4, pp.1148-1150, 2004.

G. S. Ford and L. J. Spiwak, The positive effect of unbundling on broadband deployment. Phoenix Center Policy Paper Series, 2004.

S. Foros, Strategic investments with spillovers, vertical integration and foreclosure in the broadband access market, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.22, issue.1, pp.1-24, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-7187(03)00079-1

M. Fransman, Evolution of the telecommunications industry into the internet age, JETS PAPER-UNIVERSITY OF EDINBURGH INSTITUTE FOR JAPANESE EUROPEAN TECHNOLOGY STUDIES, 2000.

R. Freeman, Strategic management: A stakeholder approach Advances in strategic management, pp.31-60, 1983.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139192675

R. E. Freeman and . Edward-freeman, Strategic management : a stakeholder approach, 1984.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9781139192675

H. Friederiszick and M. Grajek, Analyzing the relationship between regulation and investment in the telecom sector, 2008.

M. Friedman, Capitalism and freedom, 1967.
DOI : 10.7208/chicago/9780226264189.001.0001

M. Friedman, The Social Responsibility of Business Is to Increase Its Profits, New York Times Magazine, vol.32, issue.13, pp.122-126, 1970.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-70818-6_14

M. Frondel and J. Horbach, What triggers environmental management and innovation? Empirical evidence for Germany, Ecological Economics, vol.66, issue.1, pp.153-160, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2007.08.016

J. Frooman, Stakeholder influence strategies, Academy of Management Review, pp.191-205, 1999.

E. Fumagalli and P. Garrone, Ownership structure, corporate governance and service quality in the electricity industry, 2005.

J. S. Gans, Regulating Private Infrastructure Investment: Optimal Pricing for Access to Essential Facilities, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.20, issue.2, pp.167-189, 2001.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.107553

E. Garriga and D. Melé, Corporate Social Responsibility Theories: Mapping the Territory, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.53, issue.1/2, pp.51-71, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/B:BUSI.0000039399.90587.34

U. Gelbmann, Establishing strategic CSR in SMEs: an Austrian CSR quality seal to substantiate the strategic CSR performance, Sustainable Development, vol.24, issue.2, pp.90-98, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/sd.448

R. Gilbert, Looking for Mr Schumpeter: Where Are We in the Competition-- Innovation Debate?" Innovation policy and the economy 6(ArticleType: researcharticle / Full publication date, pp.159-215, 2006.

R. J. Gilbert and D. M. Newbery, Preemptive Patenting and the Persistence of Monopoly, The American Economic Review, vol.72, issue.3, pp.514-526, 1982.

M. Gjolberg, Measuring the immeasurable?, Scandinavian Journal of Management, vol.25, issue.1, pp.10-22, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scaman.2008.10.003

T. N. Gladwin and J. J. Kennelly, Shifting paradigms for sustainable development: Implications for management theory and research, The Academy of Management Review, vol.20, issue.4, pp.874-907, 1995.

J. González-benito and Ó. González-benito, Environmental proactivity and business performance: an empirical analysis, Omega, vol.33, issue.1, pp.1-15, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.omega.2004.03.002

M. D. González and C. V. Martinez, Fostering Corporate Social Responsibility Through Public Initiative: From the EU to the Spanish Case, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.40, issue.3, pp.275-293, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-004-0994-y

D. Grayson and M. Rodriguez, A new mindset for corporate sustainability, 2008.

W. Greene, Econometric analysis, prentice Hall Upper Saddle River, NJ, 2003.

S. Greenstein and R. Mcdevitt, The broadband bonus: Accounting for broadband Internet's impact on US GDP, 2009.
DOI : 10.3386/w14758

S. Greenstein and S. Mcmaster, The Effect of Incentive regulation on Infrastructure Modernization: Local Exchange Companies' Deployment of Digital Technology, Journal of Economics <html_ent glyph="@amp;" ascii="&"/> Management Strategy, vol.4, issue.2, pp.187-236, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1430-9134.1995.00187.x

M. Halme and J. Laurila, Philanthropy, Integration or Innovation? Exploring the Financial and Societal Outcomes of Different Types of Corporate Responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.82, issue.12, pp.325-339, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-008-9712-5

H. Hansmann, Ownership of the Firm, Journal of Law Economics, and Organization, vol.4, issue.2, pp.267-304, 1988.

R. G. Harris and C. J. Kraft, Meddling Through: Regulating Local Telephone Competition in the United States, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.11, issue.4, pp.93-112, 1997.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.11.4.93

O. Hart and J. Moore, The governance of exchanges: members' cooperatives versus outside ownership, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol.12, issue.4, pp.53-69, 1996.
DOI : 10.1093/oxrep/12.4.53

S. Hart, Beyond greening: strategies for a sustainable world, Harvard Business Review, vol.75, issue.1, pp.66-77, 1997.

J. A. Hausman and J. G. Sidak, A Consumer-Welfare Approach to the Mandatory Unbundling of Telecommunications Networks, Yale Law Journal, vol.109, issue.3, 1999.

J. A. Hausman and J. G. Sidak, Did mandatory unbundling achieve its purpose? Empirical evidence from five countries, Journal of Competition Law and Economics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.173-245, 2005.
DOI : 10.1093/joclec/nhi005

Z. He and P. Wong, Exploration vs. Exploitation: An Empirical Test of the Ambidexterity Hypothesis, Organization Science, vol.15, issue.4, pp.481-494, 2004.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1040.0078

T. Hellström, Dimensions of environmentally sustainable innovation: the structure of eco-innovation concepts, Sustainable Development, vol.10, issue.3, pp.148-159, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/sd.309

T. Hemphill, Corporate Citizenship: The Case for a New Corporate Governance Model, Business and Society Review, vol.8, issue.1, pp.339-361, 2004.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1017989205184

C. Hepburn, Environmental policy, government, and the market, Oxford Review of Economic Policy, vol.26, issue.2, pp.117-136, 2010.
DOI : 10.1093/oxrep/grq016

I. Heras-saizarbitoria and J. F. Molina-azorín, ISO 14001 certification and financial performance: selection-effect versus treatment-effect, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-12, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.09.002

F. Höffler, Cost and benefits from infrastructure competition. Estimating welfare effects from broadband access competition, Telecommunications Policy, vol.31, pp.6-7, 2007.

M. Holmqvist, Experiential Learning Processes of Exploitation and Exploration Within and Between Organizations: An Empirical Study of Product Development, Organization Science, vol.15, issue.1, pp.70-81, 2004.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.1030.0056

D. Holtz-eakin and W. Newey, Estimating Vector Autoregressions with Panel Data, Econometrica, vol.56, issue.6, pp.1371-1395, 1988.
DOI : 10.2307/1913103

K. Hori and K. Mizuno, Access pricing and investment with stochastically growing demand, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.24, issue.4, pp.795-808, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.09.010

K. Hori and K. Mizuno, Competition schemes and investment in network infrastructure under uncertainty, Journal of Regulatory Economics, vol.77, issue.2, pp.179-200, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s11149-008-9075-y

D. Jamali, A Stakeholder Approach to Corporate Social Responsibility: A Fresh Perspective into Theory and Practice, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.16, issue.4, pp.213-231, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-007-9572-4

M. C. Jensen, Agency Costs of Free Cash Flow, Corporate Finance, and Takeovers, The American Economic Review, vol.76, issue.2, pp.323-329, 1986.

M. C. Jensen, Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory, and the Corporate Objective Function, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol.12, issue.2, pp.235-256, 2002.
DOI : 10.2307/3857812

C. Jones, Exploring new ways of assessing the effect of regulation on environmental management, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.18, issue.13, pp.1229-1250, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.04.007

R. Judson and A. Owen, Estimating dynamic panel data models: a guide for macroeconomists, Economics Letters, vol.65, issue.1, pp.9-15, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1765(99)00130-5

I. Jung and P. G. Gayle, Competition and investment in telecommunications, Applied Economics, vol.40, issue.3, pp.303-313, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1765(02)00008-3

A. E. Kahn, Letting go: deregulating the process of deregulation, 1998.

D. L. Kaserman and J. W. Mayo, Government and business: The economics of antitrust and regulation, 1995.

M. Khanna, Non-Mandatory Approaches to Environmental Protection, Journal of Economic Surveys, vol.15, issue.3, pp.291-324, 2001.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-6419.00141

M. Khanna and K. Brouhle, The effectiveness of voluntary environmental initiatives Governance for the Environment, 2009.

M. Khanna and L. A. Damon, EPA's Voluntary 33/50 Program: Impact on Toxic Releases and Economic Performance of Firms, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.37, issue.1, pp.1-25, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/jeem.1998.1057

M. Khanna and P. Koss, Motivations for Voluntary Environmental Management, Policy Studies Journal, vol.18, issue.4, pp.751-772, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1541-0072.2007.00246.x

G. Klaassen and A. Miketa, The impact of R&D on innovation for wind energy in Denmark, Germany and the United Kingdom, Ecological Economics, vol.54, issue.2-3, pp.227-240, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2005.01.008

R. D. Klassen and C. P. Mclaughlin, The Impact of Environmental Management on Firm Performance, Management Science, vol.42, issue.8, pp.1199-1214, 1996.
DOI : 10.1287/mnsc.42.8.1199

I. Knoepfel, Dow Jones Sustainability Group Index: A Global Benchmark for Corporate Sustainability, Corporate Environmental Strategy, vol.8, issue.1, pp.6-15, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1066-7938(00)00089-0

A. Konrad and R. Steurer, Empirical Findings on Business???Society Relations in Europe, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.3, issue.3, pp.89-105, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-005-7055-z

H. Koski and T. Kretschmer, Entry, Standards and Competition: Firm Strategies and the Diffusion of Mobile Telephony, Review of Industrial Organization, vol.49, issue.1, pp.89-113, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s11151-004-4085-0

K. Kotakorpi, Access price regulation, investment and entry in telecommunications, International Journal of Industrial Organization, vol.24, issue.5, pp.1013-1020, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijindorg.2005.11.007

S. Labatt, Corporate Response to Environmental Issues: Packaging, Growth and Change, vol.12, issue.1, pp.67-92, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/258977

J. Laffont and J. Tirole, A theory of incentives in procurement and regulation, 1993.

K. J. Laverty, Economic" short-termism": The debate, the unresolved issues, and the implications for management practice and research, Academy of Management Review, vol.21, issue.3, pp.825-860, 1996.

H. Leibenstein, Allocative Effciency vs. X-Efficiency, American Economic Review, vol.56, issue.3, pp.392-415, 1966.

W. Li and L. C. Xu, The Impact of Privatization and Competition in the Telecommunications Sector around the World, The Journal of Law and Economics, vol.47, issue.2, pp.395-430, 2004.
DOI : 10.1086/422984

W. Li and L. C. Xu, The Impact of Privatization and Competition in the Telecommunications Sector around the World, Journal of Law and Economics, vol.47, 2004.

Y. Li, Econometric Evidence on the Impacts of Privatization, New Entry, and Independent Industry Regulator on Mobile Network Penetration and Expansion, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2008.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1316325

S. Link and E. Naveh, Standardization and Discretion: Does the Environmental Standard ISO 14001 Lead to Performance Benefits?" Engineering Management, IEEE Transactions on, vol.53, issue.4, pp.508-519, 2006.

M. Lopez and A. Garcia, Sustainable Development and Corporate Performance: A Study Based on the Dow Jones Sustainability Index, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.36, issue.1???2, pp.285-300, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-006-9253-8

L. Luo and Y. C. Lan, Corporate Incentives to Disclose Carbon Information: Evidence from Global 500 Available at SSRN http, 2010.

T. Lyon and J. Maxwell, Corporate environmentalism and public policy. Cambridge, 2004.

T. P. Lyon and J. W. Maxwell, 'Voluntary' Approaches to Environmental Regulation: A Survey, SSRN Electronic Journal, 1999.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.147888

E. Mansfield, Composition of R and D Expenditures: Relationship to Size of Firm, Concentration, and Innovative Output, The Review of Economics and Statistics, vol.63, issue.4, pp.610-615, 1981.
DOI : 10.2307/1935857

J. G. March, Exploration and Exploitation in Organizational Learning, Organization Science, vol.2, issue.1, pp.71-87, 1991.
DOI : 10.1287/orsc.2.1.71

M. Curran, M. , and D. Moran, Impact of the FTSE4Good Index on firm price: An event study, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.82, issue.4, pp.529-537, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.02.010

J. W. Maxwell, P. Thomas, and . Lyon, Self???Regulation and Social Welfare: The Political Economy of Corporate Environmentalism, The Journal of Law and Economics, vol.43, issue.2, pp.583-618, 2000.
DOI : 10.1086/467466

W. L. Megginson and J. M. Netter, From State to Market: A Survey of Empirical Studies on Privatization, Journal of Economic Literature, vol.39, issue.2, pp.321-389, 2001.
DOI : 10.1257/jel.39.2.321

D. Mele, Not only stakeholder interests The Firm Oriented toward the Common Good, 2002.

W. H. Melody, Stimulating Investment in Network Development: Roles for Telecom Regulation, World Dialogue of Regulation, 2003.

R. Mitchell and B. Agle, Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts, Academy of management review, vol.22, issue.4, pp.853-886, 1997.

R. K. Mitchell and B. R. Agle, Toward a theory of stakeholder identification and salience: Defining the principle of who and what really counts, The Academy of Management Review, vol.22, issue.4, pp.853-886, 1997.

F. Munari and M. Sobrero, The Effects of Privatization on R&D Investments and Patent Productivity, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2005.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.331721

K. B. Murray and C. M. Vogel, Using a hierarchy-of-effects approach to gauge the effectiveness of corporate social responsibility to generate goodwill toward the firm: Financial versus nonfinancial impacts, Journal of Business Research, vol.38, issue.2, pp.141-159, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0148-2963(96)00061-6

J. Nill and R. Kemp, Evolutionary approaches for sustainable innovation policies: From niche to paradigm?, Research Policy, vol.38, issue.4, pp.668-680, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.respol.2009.01.011

O. 'riordan, L. , and J. Fairbrass, Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR): Models and Theories in Stakeholder Dialogue, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.83, issue.4, pp.745-758, 2008.

C. Okereke, An exploration of motivations, drivers and barriers to carbon management: the UK FTSE 100, Strategic Direction, vol.24, issue.6, pp.475-486, 2007.
DOI : 10.1108/sd.2008.05624fad.002

D. Parker and C. Kirkpatrick, Privatisation in Developing Countries: A Review of the Evidence and the Policy Lessons, Journal of Development Studies, vol.17, issue.4, pp.513-541, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0167-2681(00)00074-3

B. Paton, Efficiency gains within firms under voluntary environmental initiatives, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.9, issue.2, pp.167-178, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0959-6526(00)00068-8

S. Pavelin and L. A. Porter, The Corporate Social Performance Content of Innovation in the U.K., Journal of Business Ethics, vol.72, issue.1, pp.711-725, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-007-9464-7

R. Phillips, Abstract:, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol.20, issue.01, pp.25-41, 2003.
DOI : 10.2307/3857340
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00525503

C. Phoenix, Competition and bell company investment in telecommunications plant: the effects of UNE-P, Phoenix Center Policy Bulletin, 2003.

M. E. Porter and C. V. Linde, Toward a New Conception of the Environment-Competitiveness Relationship, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.9, issue.4, pp.97-118, 1995.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.9.4.97

G. Y. Qi and L. Y. Shen, The drivers for contractors??? green innovation: an industry perspective, Journal of Cleaner Production, vol.18, issue.14, pp.1358-1365, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jclepro.2010.04.017

C. Qiang and C. Rossotto, Economic impacts of broadband Information and Communications for Development 2009: Extending Reach and Increasing Impact, pp.35-50, 2009.

K. Rennings, Redefining innovation ??? eco-innovation research and the contribution from ecological economics, Ecological Economics, vol.32, issue.2, pp.319-332, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0921-8009(99)00112-3

J. Ricart and S. Rodriguez, Sustainability in the boardroom, Corporate Governance: The international journal of business in society, vol.5, issue.3, pp.24-41, 2005.
DOI : 10.1108/14720700510604670

L. Roller and L. Waverman, Telecommunications Infrastructure and Economic Development: A Simultaneous Approach, American Economic Review, vol.91, issue.4, pp.909-923, 2001.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.91.4.909

A. J. Ros, Does ownership or competition matter? The effects of telecommunications reform on network expansion and efficiency, Journal of Regulatory Economics, vol.15, issue.1, pp.65-92, 1999.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1008048924876

M. V. Russo and P. A. Fouts, A RESOURCE-BASED PERSPECTIVE ON CORPORATE ENVIRONMENTAL PERFORMANCE AND PROFITABILITY., Academy of Management Journal, vol.40, issue.3, pp.534-559, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/257052

J. Sandberg and C. Juravle, The Heterogeneity of Socially Responsible Investment, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.52, issue.1, pp.519-533, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10551-008-9956-0

D. E. Sappington and J. E. Stiglitz, Privatization, information and incentives, Privatization: Critical Perspectives on the World Economy, vol.6, issue.4, p.120, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/3323510

K. M. Schmidt, Managerial Incentives and Product Market Competition, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.64, issue.2, pp.191-213, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2971709

K. Segerson and N. Li, Voluntary approaches to environmental protection. Cheltenham and Northampton, 1999.

K. Segerson and T. J. Miceli, Voluntary Environmental Agreements: Good or Bad News for Environmental Protection?, Journal of Environmental Economics and Management, vol.36, issue.2, pp.109-130, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/jeem.1998.1040

S. P. Sethi, Dimensions of Corporate Social Performance: An Analytical Framework, California Management Review, vol.60, issue.6, pp.58-65, 1975.
DOI : 10.2307/41162149

W. A. Sheremata, Competing through innovation in network markets: Strategies for challengers, The Academy of Management Review, vol.29, issue.3, pp.359-377, 2004.

M. Shirley and P. Walsh, Public versus private ownership: The current state of the debate, Policy Research Working Paper Series, p.2420, 2000.
DOI : 10.1596/1813-9450-2420

M. M. Shirley and P. M. Walsh, Public vs. Private Ownership: The Current State of the Debate, 2001.

J. G. Sidak and D. F. Spulber, The Tragedy of the Telecommons: Government Pricing of Unbundled Network Elements under the Telecommunications Act of 1996, Columbia Law Review, vol.97, issue.4, pp.1081-1161, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/1123317

G. J. Stigler, The Theory of Economic Regulation, The Bell Journal of Economics and Management Science, vol.2, issue.1, pp.3-21, 1971.
DOI : 10.2307/3003160

B. Stigson, Corporate social responsibility: a new business paradigm, 2002.

R. Stulz, Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies, Journal of Financial Economics, vol.26, issue.1, pp.3-27, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-405X(90)90011-N
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.605.3647

R. M. Stulz, Managerial discretion and optimal financing policies, Journal of Financial Economics, vol.26, issue.1, pp.3-27, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-405X(90)90011-N
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.605.3647

J. Tirole, R. Bénabou, and . Papers, Individual and Corporate Social Responsibility, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2010.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1573694

M. Van-marrewijk, Concepts and Definitions of CSR and Corporate Sustainability: Between Agency and Communion, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.44, issue.2, pp.95-105, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-007-4126-3_32

J. Vareda and S. Hoernig, The Race for Telecoms Infrastructure Investment with Bypass: Can Access Regulation Achieve the First Best?, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2007.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1079965

J. Vickers, CONCEPTS OF COMPETITION, Oxford Economic Papers, vol.47, issue.1, pp.1-23, 1995.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.oep.a042155

J. Vickers and G. K. Yarrow, Privatization: an economic analysis, 1989.

J. Videras and A. Alberini, The appeal of voluntary environmental programs: which firms participate and why?, Contemporary Economic Policy, vol.36, issue.2, pp.449-461, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1465-7287.2000.tb00041.x

X. Vives, INNOVATION AND COMPETITIVE PRESSURE*, The Journal of Industrial Economics, vol.43, issue.1, pp.419-469, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1467-6451.2008.00356.x

H. R. Vollebergh and C. Kemfert, The role of technological change for a sustainable development, Ecological Economics, vol.54, issue.2-3, pp.133-147, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ecolecon.2004.12.025

M. Wagner, How to reconcile environmental and economic performance to improve corporate sustainability: corporate environmental strategies in the European paper industry, Journal of Environmental Management, vol.76, issue.2, pp.105-118, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jenvman.2004.11.021
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00279158

S. L. Wartick and J. F. Mahon, Toward a Substantive Definition of the Corporate Issue Construct: A Review and Synthesis of the Literature, Business & Society, vol.33, issue.3, p.293, 1994.
DOI : 10.1177/000765039403300304

L. Waverman and M. Meschi, Access Regulation and Infrastructure Investment in the Telecommunications Sector: an empirical investigation, and Economics Consulting Group with the Support of ETNO, 2007.

G. Wawro, Estimating Dynamic Panel Data Models in Political Science, Political Analysis, vol.10, issue.01, p.25, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4076(94)01642-D

R. Welford, Corporate Social Responsibility in Europe, North America and Asia, Journal of Corporate Citizenship, vol.2005, issue.17, pp.33-52, 2004.
DOI : 10.9774/GLEAF.4700.2005.sp.00007

D. Windsor, THE FUTURE OF CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, The International Journal of Organizational Analysis, vol.9, issue.3, pp.225-256, 2001.
DOI : 10.1108/eb028934

D. J. Wood and J. M. Logsdon, Business citizenship: from individuals to organizations, Business Ethics Quarterly, vol.12, issue.3, pp.59-94, 2002.

G. I. Zwetsloot, From Management Systems to Corporate Social Responsibility, Journal of Business Ethics, vol.44, issue.2, pp.201-207, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1023303917699

. Hrts1, 1 Respect for human rights standards and prevention of violations HRts2 Respect for human rights in the workplace

. Hrts2, 1 Respect for freedom of association and the right to collective bargaining HRts2.4 Non-discrimination

. Hrts2, Human Resources (lhrscore) HR1 Continuous improvement of industrial relations HR1.1 Promotion of labor relations HR1.2 Encouraging employee participation HR2 Career development HR2.3 Responsible management of restructurings HR2.4 Career management and promotion of employability HR3 Quality of working conditions HR3.1 Quality of remuneration systems HR3.2 Improvement of health and safety conditions HR3.3 Respect and management of working hours 3. Environment (lenvscore) ENV1 Integration of environmental issues into corporate strategy ENV1.1 Environmental strategy and eco-design ENV1.2 Pollution prevention and control ENV1.3 Development of « Green » products and services ENV1.4 Protection of biodiversity ENV2 Incorporation of environmental issues into the manufacturing and distribution of products ENV2, Protection of water resources ENV2.2 Minimizing environmental impacts from energy use ENV2.4 Management of atmospheric emissions ENV2.5 Waste management ENV2.6 Management of environmental nuisances: dust, odor, noise ENV2.7 Management of environmental impacts from transportation Environment ENV3 Environmental consideration in the use and disposal of products/services ENV3.1 Management of environmental impacts from the use and disposal of products 140