S. Legnaioli, V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, and E. Tognoni, Study of foxing stains on paper by chemical methods, infrared spectroscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta B, vol.57, pp.1235-1249, 2002.

E. Bogomolova and I. Kirtsideli, Airborne fungi in four stations of the St. Petersburg Underground railway system, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.63, issue.2, pp.156-160, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ibiod.2008.05.008

S. Bouhet and I. Oswald, The effects of mycotoxins, fungal food contaminants, on the intestinal epithelial cell-derived innate immune response, Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology, vol.108, issue.1-2, pp.199-209, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.vetimm.2005.08.010

H. Boudra and D. P. Morgavi, Mycotoxin risk evaluation in feeds contaminated by Aspergillus fumigatus, Animal Feed Science and Technology, vol.120, issue.1-2, pp.113-123, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2005.01.006

K. Brzonkalik, T. Herrling, C. Syldatk, and A. Neumann, The influence of different nitrogen and carbon sources on mycotoxin production in Alternaria alternata, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.147, issue.2, pp.120-126, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2011.03.016

L. B. Bullerman and A. Bianchini, Stability of mycotoxins during food processing, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.119, issue.1-2, pp.140-146, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.035

J. Bünger, G. Westphal, A. Mönnich, B. Hinnendahl, E. Hallier et al., Cytotoxicity of occupationally and environmentally relevant mycotoxins, Toxicology, vol.202, issue.3, pp.199-211, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tox.2004.05.007

B. Robert, K. , P. Jay, and J. , Alternaria-induced asthma, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.113, pp.227-234, 2004.

R. K. Bush, M. Jay, J. M. Portnoy, A. Saxon, A. I. Terr et al., The medical effects of mold exposure, Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, vol.117, issue.2, pp.326-333, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jaci.2005.12.001

R. A. Butchko, A. Thomas, H. Keller, and N. P. , Aspergillus nidulans Mutants Defective in stc Gene Cluster Regulation, Genetics Society of America, vol.153, pp.715-720, 1999.

J. Bünger, G. Westphal, A. Monnich, B. Hinnendahl, E. Hallier et al., Cytotoxicity of occupationally and environmentally relevant mycotoxins, Toxicology, vol.202, issue.3, pp.199-211, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tox.2004.05.007

S. Bretagne, Metabolic detoxication pathways for sterigmatocystin in primary tracheal epithelial cells, Chemical research in Toxicology, vol.15, pp.1673-1681, 2010.

J. P. Cabral, Can we use indoor fungi as bioindicators of indoor air quality? Historical perspectives and open questions, Science of The Total Environment, vol.408, issue.20, pp.4285-4295, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2010.07.005

B. Cahagnier, D. Melcion, and D. Richard-molard, Growth of Fusarium moniliforme and its biosynthesis of fumonisin B1 on maize grain as a function of different water activities, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.75, issue.4
DOI : 10.1021/jf00018a016

C. E. Cain and B. A. Miller, Photographic, spectral and chromatographic searches into the nature of foxing, Preprints American Institute for Conservation, 10th Annual Meeting, pp.54-62, 1982.

C. E. Cain, Proposed Classification of Foxing, Postprints from the AIC 10th Annual Meeting, 1984.

C. E. Cain, Paper Foxing: Biochemical Effects of Fungal Infections of Paper, Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science, pp.32-56, 1987.

H. A. Carter, The Chemistry of Paper Preservation: Part 2. The Yellowing of Paper and Conservation Bleaching, Journal of Chemical Education, vol.73, issue.11, pp.1068-1073, 1996.
DOI : 10.1021/ed073p1068

H. A. Carter, Chemistry in the comics: Part 3. The acidity of paper, Journal of Chemical Education, vol.66, issue.11, pp.883-886, 1989.
DOI : 10.1021/ed066p883

J. W. Cary and K. C. Ehrlich, Aflatoxigenicity in Aspergillus: molecular genetics, phylogenetic relationships and evolutionary implications, Mycopathologia, vol.46, issue.3, pp.167-77, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s11046-006-0051-8

S. Centeno and M. A. Calvo, Mycotoxins Produced by Fungi Isolated from Wine Cork Stoppers

Y. Cetin and L. B. Bullerman, Cytotoxicity of Fusarium mycotoxins to mammalian cell cultures as determined by the MTT bioassay, Food and Chemical Toxicology, vol.43, issue.5, pp.755-764, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fct.2005.01.016

D. Champiat and J. L. Larpent, Bio-chimi-luminescence, principes et applications, Eds Masson, 1993.

P. K. Chang, K. C. Ehrlich, J. Yu, D. Bhatnagar, and T. Cleveland, Increased Expression of Aspergillus parasiticus aflR, Encoding a Sequence-Specific DNA-Binding Protein, Relieves Nitrate Inhibition of Aflatoxin Biosynthesis, Applied Environmental Microbiology, vol.61, pp.2372-2377, 1995.

J. P. Chaumont, J. Simeray, D. Mandin, and B. Adessi, Moisissures et allergies des professions agricoles et de l??agroalimentaire, Revue Fran??aise d'Allergologie et d'Immunologie Clinique, vol.41, issue.3, pp.253-256, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0335-7457(01)00031-4

J. Chirife, H. Gonzalez, and S. Resnik, On water dynamics and germination time of mold spores in concentrated sugar and polyol solutions, Food Research International, vol.28, issue.6, pp.531-535, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0963-9969(95)00004-6

R. Cole, M. Schweikert, and B. Jarvis, Handbook of fungal secondary metabolites 3 volumes, 2003.

C. Internationale-de-l-'eclairage, Recommendations on uniform color spaces, color difference equations, psychometric color terms, p.Bureau Central de la CIE, 1978.

D. E. Conner and L. R. Beuchat, Heat resistance of ascospores of Neosartorya fischeri as affected by sporulation and heating medium, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.4, issue.4, pp.303-312, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0168-1605(87)90005-5

J. D. Cooley, W. C. Wong, C. A. Jumper, and D. C. Straus, Correlation between the prevalence of certain fungi and sick building syndrome, Occupational and Environmental Medicine, vol.55, issue.9, pp.579-584, 1998.
DOI : 10.1136/oem.55.9.579

A. P. Damoglou and D. S. Campbell, The effect of pH on the production of patulin in apple juice, Letters in Applied Microbiology, vol.26, issue.1, pp.9-11, 1986.
DOI : 10.1021/jf60157a011

V. M. Dembitsky, A. Quntar, A. Srebnik, and M. , Natural and Synthetic Small Boron-Containing Molecules as Potential Inhibitors of Bacterial and Fungal Quorum Sensing, Chemical Reviews, vol.111, issue.1, pp.209-237, 2011.
DOI : 10.1021/cr100093b

D. Paolis, M. R. Lippi, and D. , Use of metabolic and molecular methods for the identification of a Bacillus strain isolated from paper affected by foxing, Microbiological Research, vol.163, issue.2, pp.121-131, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micres.2007.06.002

G. J. Diaz, H. W. Murcia, and S. M. Cepeda, Cytochrome P450 enzymes involved in the metabolism of aflatoxin B1 in chickens and quail, Poultry Science, vol.89, issue.11, pp.2461-2469, 2010.
DOI : 10.3382/ps.2010-00864

R. G. Hamilton and P. A. Eggleston, Environmental Allergen Analyses, Methods, vol.13, issue.1, pp.53-60, 1997.
DOI : 10.1006/meth.1997.0495

J. P. Harris and P. G. Mantle, Biosynthesis of ochratoxins by Aspergillus ochraceus, Phytochemistry, vol.58, issue.5
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9422(01)00316-8

R. A. Haugland, S. J. Vesper, and L. J. Wymer, Quantitative measurement of Stachybotrys chartarum conidia using real time detection of PCR products with the TaqManTMfluorogenic probe system, Molecular and Cellular Probes, vol.13, issue.5, pp.329-340, 1999.
DOI : 10.1006/mcpr.1999.0258

K. H. Hendry and E. Cole, A review of mycotoxins in indoor air, Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health, vol.51, issue.2, pp.183-198, 1993.
DOI : 10.1139/m83-001

D. Hilaire, Biodétérioration des matériaux, Eds EDP, 1994.

M. Hodgson, P. Morey, W. Y. Leung, L. Morrow, D. Miller et al., Buiding associtated pulmonary diseases from exposure to Stachybotrys chartarum and Aspergillus versicolor, JOEM, vol.40, pp.241-249, 1998.
DOI : 10.1097/00043764-199803000-00006

W. E. Huff and P. B. Hamilton, Mycotoxins ??? Their Biosynthesis in Fungi: Ochratoxins ??? Metabolites of Combined Pathways, Journal of Food Protection, vol.42, issue.10, pp.815-820, 1979.
DOI : 10.4315/0362-028X-42.10.815

M. Ross, L. Curtis, P. Scheff, D. O. Hrhorczuk, V. Ramakrishnan et al., Association of asthma symptoms and severity with indoor bioaerosols, Allergy, vol.323, issue.8, pp.705-711, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00551.x

T. Rundberget, I. Skaar, and A. Flaøyen, The presence of Penicillium and Penicillium mycotoxins in food wastes, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.90, issue.2, pp.181-188, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0168-1605(03)00291-5

R. Rylander, M. Norrhall, U. Engdahl, A. Tunsater, and P. G. Holt, -Glucan Exposures in Two Schools, American Journal of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, vol.158, issue.5, pp.1685-1687, 1998.
DOI : 10.1164/ajrccm.158.5.9712139
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inserm-00388982

P. Cacoub, Involvement of chemokines and type 1 cytokines in the pathogenesis of hepatitis C virus-associated mixed cryoglobulinemia vasculitis neuropathy, Arthritis Rheum, vol.52, pp.2917-2925, 2005.

E. Shibata, T. Yoshimura, H. Chikara, and R. Kishi, Relationships between mite allergen levels, mold concentrations, and sick building syndrome symptoms in newly built dwellings in Japan, Indoor Air, vol.21, pp.253-263, 2011.

H. Salonen, S. Lappalainen, O. Lindroos, R. Harju, and K. Reijula, Fungi and bacteria in mould-damaged and non-damaged office environments in a subarctic climate, Atmospheric Environment, vol.41, issue.32, pp.6797-6807, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.043

R. Santucci, O. Meunier, M. Ott, F. Herrmann, A. Freyd et al., Fungic contamination of residence: 10 years assessment of analyses, pp.402-408, 2007.

M. Sautour, N. Sixt, F. Dalle, C. L-'ollivier, V. Fourquenet et al., Profiles and seasonal distribution of airborne fungi in indoor and outdoor environments at a French hospital, Science of The Total Environment, vol.407, issue.12, pp.3766-3771, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.02.024
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00453097

G. S. Sidhu, Mycotoxin genetics and gene clusters, European Journal of Plant Pathology, vol.108, pp.705-711, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/978-94-010-0001-7_14

A. G. Simpson and A. J. Roger, Eukaryotic Evolution: Getting to the Root of the Problem, Current Biology, vol.12, issue.20, pp.691-693, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0960-9822(02)01207-1

A. G. Simpson and A. J. Roger, The real ???kingdoms??? of eukaryotes, Current Biology, vol.14, issue.17, pp.693-696, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cub.2004.08.038

R. R. Singhania, R. K. Sukumaran, A. K. Patel, C. Larroche, and A. Pandey, Advancement and comparative profiles in the production technologies using solid-state and submerged fermentation for microbial cellulases, Enzyme and Microbial Technology, vol.46, issue.7, pp.541-549, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.enzmictec.2010.03.010

F. Demenais, F. Kauffmann, and V. Siroux, Mold allergen sensitization in adult asthma according to integrin 13 polymorphisms and Toll-like receptor 2/1596 genotype, Journal of Allergy and Clinical immunology, vol.128, pp.185-191, 2011.

N. F. Sommer, J. R. Buchanan, and R. J. Fortlage, Production of Patulin by Penicillium expansum, Applied Microbiology, vol.28, pp.589-593, 1974.

G. J. Speijers and M. H. Speijers, Combined toxic effects of mycotoxins, Toxicology Letters, vol.153, issue.1
DOI : 10.1016/j.toxlet.2004.04.046

J. P. Springer, J. W. Dorner, R. J. Cole, and R. H. Cox, Terretonin, a toxic compound from Aspergillus terreus, The Journal of Organic Chemistry, vol.44, issue.26, pp.4852-4854, 1979.
DOI : 10.1021/jo00394a023

C. Woese, O. Kandler, and M. L. Wheelis, Towards a natural system of organisms: proposal for the domains Archaea, Bacteria, and Eucarya., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.87, issue.12, pp.4576-4579, 1990.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.87.12.4576

K. Yabe, Y. Ando, T. Hamasakti, . B1, G. B2 et al., Biosynthesis relationship among aflatoxins, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.54, pp.2101-2106, 1988.

K. Yabe, Y. Ando, and T. Hamasaki, A metabolic grid among versiconal hemiacetal acetate, versiconol acetate, versiconol and versiconal during aflatoxin biosynthesis, Journal of General Microbiology, vol.137, issue.10, pp.2469-2475, 1991.
DOI : 10.1099/00221287-137-10-2469

Y. Yuan, H. Zhuang, T. Zhang, and J. Liu, Patulin content in apple products marketed in Northeast China, Food Control, vol.21, issue.11, pp.1488-1491, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.foodcont.2010.04.019

Z. Zhang, R. Liu, J. A. Noordhoek, and H. Kauffman, Interaction of airway epithelial cells (A549) with spores and mycelium of Aspergillus fumigatus, Journal of Infection, vol.51, issue.5, pp.375-382, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jinf.2004.12.012

S. Zardetto, Effect of modified atmosphere packaging at abuse temperature on the growth of Penicillium aurantiogriseum isolated from fresh filled pasta, Food Microbiology, vol.22, issue.4, pp.367-371, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.fm.2004.09.008

M. Zotti, A. Ferroni, and P. Calvini, Mycological and FTIR analysis of biotic foxing on paper substrates, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.65, issue.4, pp.1-10, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ibiod.2010.01.011

S. Boudih, M. Sylvia-rakotonirainy, A. Roussel, O. Cabaret, O. Puel et al., Françoise Botterel, Marcel Delaforge and Stéphane Bretagne Biotic foxing from a nineteenth century book studied using ATP bioluminescence, culture, and HPLC-UV-MS: evaluation of mycotoxins as biomarkers for fungal presence Soumis à Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry References

M. Oliveira, I. Ribeiro, and M. Carvalho, Characterisation of foxing stains in eighteenth to nineteenth century drawings using non-destructive techniques, Anal Bioanal Chem, vol.395, pp.2029-2036, 2009.

S. Choi, Foxing on Paper: A Literature Review, Journal of the American Institute for Conservation, vol.2, issue.1, pp.37-152, 2007.
DOI : 10.1179/019713678806029193

P. Nyuksha, Biodeterioration of paper and books. The library of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 1994.

B. Zyska, Fungi isolated from library materials: A review of the literature, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.40, issue.1, pp.43-51, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0964-8305(97)00061-9

V. Palleschi, A. Salvetti, and E. Tognoni, Study of foxing stains on paper by chemical methods, infrared spectroscopy, micro X-Ray fluroescence spectrometry and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectr Acta B, vol.57, pp.1235-1249, 2002.

D. Paolis, M. Lippi, and D. , Use of metabolic and molecular methods for the identification of a Bacillus strain isolated from paper affected by foxing, Microbiological Research, vol.163, issue.2, pp.121-131, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.micres.2007.06.002

H. Arai, Foxing caused by Fungi: twenty-five years of study, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.46, issue.3, pp.181-188, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00063-9

T. Beckwith, W. Swanson, and T. Iiams, Deterioration of Paper: the Cause and Effect of Foxing. Publications of the University of California at, Los Angeles in Biological Sciences, vol.1, pp.299-356, 1940.

C. Cain, Paper Foxing: Biochemical Effects of Fungal Infections of Paper, Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Science, pp.32-56, 1987.

G. Meynell and R. Newsam, Foxing, a fungal infection of paper, Nature, vol.7, issue.5670, pp.466-468, 1978.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-5320(69)90033-1

M. Corte, A. Ferroni, A. Salvo, and V. , Isolation of fungal species from test samples and maps damaged by foxing, and correlation between these species and the environment, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.51, issue.3, pp.167-173, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0964-8305(02)00137-3

M. Corte, A. Zotti, and M. , Microfunghi bioderiogeni in archivi e biblioteche della liguria, Informatore Botanico italiano, vol.37, pp.854-855, 2005.

M. Florian, The Role of the Conidia of Fungi in Fox Spots, Studies in Conservation, vol.41, issue.2, pp.65-75, 1996.
DOI : 10.2307/1506518

M. Florian and L. Manning, SEM analysis of irregular fungal fox spots in an 1854 book: population dynamics and species identification, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, vol.46, issue.3, pp.205-220, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0964-8305(00)00062-7

M. Rakotonirainy, E. Heude, and B. Lavedrine, Isolation and attempts of biomolecular characterization of fungal strains associated to foxing on a 19th century book, Journal of Cultural Heritage, vol.8, issue.2, pp.126-133, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.culher.2007.01.003

E. Bellemain, T. Carlsen, C. Brochmann, E. Coissac, P. Taberlet et al., ITS as an environmental DNA barcode for fungi: an in silico approach reveals potential PCR biases, BMC Microbiology, vol.10, issue.1, pp.189-198, 2010.
DOI : 10.1186/1471-2180-10-189
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00784435

J. Frisvad, U. Thrane, R. Samson, and J. Pitt, Important mycotoxins and the fungi which produce them, Adv in Exp Med Biol Experimental Medicine and Biol, vol.571, pp.3-31, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/0-387-28391-9_1

K. Nielsen, Mycotoxin production by indoor molds, Fungal Genetics and Biology, vol.39, issue.2, pp.103-117, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S1087-1845(03)00026-4

K. Nielsen, J. Mogensen, M. Johansen, T. Larsen, and J. Frisvad, Review of secondary metabolites and mycotoxins from the Aspergillus niger group, Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, vol.127, issue.519, pp.1225-1242, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s00216-009-3081-5

T. Tuomi, K. Reijula, T. Johnsson, K. Hemminki, E. Hintikka et al., Mycotoxins in Crude Building Materials from Water-Damaged Buildings, Applied and Environmental Microbiology, vol.66, issue.5, p.904, 2000.
DOI : 10.1128/AEM.66.5.1899-1904.2000

L. Bullerman and A. Bianchini, Stability of mycotoxins during food processing, International Journal of Food Microbiology, vol.119, issue.1-2, pp.140-146, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijfoodmicro.2007.07.035

M. Rakotonirainy and S. Arnold, Development of a new procedure based on the energy charge measurement using ATP bioluminescence assay for the detection of living mould from graphic documents, Luminescence, vol.242, issue.3, pp.182-186, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/bio.1021

W. Amner, C. Edwards, and A. Mccarthy, Improved medium for recovery and enumeration of the farmer's lung organism, Saccharomonospora viridis, Applied Environmental Microbiology Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.55, pp.2669-2674, 1989.

T. White, T. Bruns, S. Lee, and J. Taylor, Amplification and direct sequencing of fungal ribosomal RNA genes for phylogenetics. in PCR Protocols: A Guide to Methods and Applications, 1990.

N. Glass and G. Donaldson, Development of primer sets designed for use with the PCR to amplify conserved genes from filamentous ascomycetes, Appl Environ Microbiol, vol.61, pp.1323-1330, 1995.

C. Cain, Proposed Classification of Foxing. Book and Paper Group, American Institute for Conservation, Proceedings of the 10 th Annual Meeting Posprints, 1984.

C. Cain and B. Miller, Photographic spectral and chromatographic searches into the nature of foxing. Book and Paper Group, American Institute for Conservation Observation on the foxing of paper, Proceedings of the 10 th Annual Meeting Preprint, pp.94-97, 1982.

M. Bicchieri, S. Ronconi, F. Romano, L. Pappalardo, M. Corsi et al., Study of foxing stains on paper by chemical methods, infrared spectroscopy, micro-X-ray fluorescence spectrometry and laser induced breakdown spectroscopy, Spectrochimica Acta Part B: Atomic Spectroscopy, vol.57, issue.7, pp.1235-1249, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0584-8547(02)00056-3