H. L. Becker, Low Voltage Electric Capacitor, U. S. Patent Office, vol.2800, p.616, 1957.

J. R. Miller and A. Burke, Electrochemical Capacitors: Challenges and Opportunities for Real-World Applications, pp.53-57, 2008.

B. E. Conway, Electrochemical Reactivity of Strong Sulfuric Acid: Some Unusual Behavior at Pt Electrodes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.128, issue.11, pp.128-2262, 1981.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2127232

M. Nawa, T. Nogami, and H. Et-mikawa, Application of Activated Carbon Fiber Fabrics to Electrodes of Rechargeable Battery and Organic Electrolyte Capacitor, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.131, issue.6, pp.131-1457, 1984.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2115872

J. R. Miller, A brief history of supercapacitors " . Batteries & Energy Storage Technology, 2007.

A. Burke, R&D considerations for the performance and application of electrochemical capacitors, Electrochimica Acta, vol.53, issue.3, pp.1083-1091, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.011

A. Burke, Ultracapacitors: why, how, and where is the technology, Journal of Power Sources, vol.91, issue.1, pp.37-50, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-7753(00)00485-7

A. Burke and M. Miller, The power capability of ultracapacitors and lithium batteries for electric and hybrid vehicle applications, Journal of Power Sources, vol.196, issue.1, pp.514-522, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.06.092

B. E. Conway, Electrochemical Supercapacitors " . Scientific Fundamentals and Technological Applications, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4757-3058-6

O. Langlois, Conception d'un réseau de secours électrique pour l'aéronautique, Thèse, Laboratoire d'Electrotechnique et d'Electronique Industrielle (LEEI), 2006.

A. Burke, R&D considerations for the performance and application of electrochemical capacitors, Electrochimica Acta, vol.53, issue.3, pp.1083-1091, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2007.01.011

S. Nomoto, H. Nakata, and K. Yoshioka, Advanced capacitors and their application, Journal of Power Sources, vol.97, issue.98, pp.97-98, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-7753(01)00612-7

C. Abbey and G. Joos, Supercapacitor Energy Storage for Wind Energy Applications, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.43, issue.3, pp.769-776, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/TIA.2007.895768

J. D. Trantham, D. E. Johnston, and D. C. Wilson, Systems, methods and devices for Regulation or isolation of backup in memory devices, U.S. Patent Office, vol.2, p.33, 2010.

P. Sharma and T. S. Bhatti, A review on electrochemical double-layer capacitors " . Energy Conversion and Management, pp.51-2901, 2010.

H. Helmholtz, Studien ??ber electrische Grenzschichten, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, vol.22, issue.5, pp.337-382, 1879.
DOI : 10.1002/andp.18792430702

G. Gouy, Sur la constitution de la charge ??lectrique ?? la surface d'un ??lectrolyte, Compte rendu hebdomadaire des séances de l'Académie des Sciences, pp.337-382, 1909.
DOI : 10.1051/jphystap:019100090045700

O. Stern, The Theory of the electrolytic double-layer, Zeitschrift für Elektrochemie, pp.508-516, 1924.

O. Grahame, Differential Capacity of Mercury in Aqueous Sodium Fluoride Solutions. I. Effect of Concentration at 25??, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.76, issue.19, pp.4819-4823, 1954.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01648a014

J. Bockris, . O-'m, A. V. Devanathan, and K. Muller, On the Structure of Charged Interfaces, Proceedings of the Royal Society, pp.55-79, 1963.

P. A. Webb, Introduction to Chemical Adsorption Analytical Techniques and their Applications to Catalysis, 2003.

K. Y. Foo and B. H. Hameed, A short review of activated carbon assisted electrosorption process: An overview, current stage and future prospects, Journal of Hazardous Materials, vol.170, issue.2-3, pp.552-559, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2009.05.057

B. E. Conway and V. Birss, The role and utilization of pseudocapacitance for energy storage by supercapacitors, Journal of Power Sources, vol.66, issue.1-2, pp.1-14, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-7753(96)02474-3

K. Naoi and P. Simon, New Materials and New Configurations for Advanced Electrochemical Capacitors " . The Electrochemical Society's Interface, pp.34-37, 2008.

B. E. Conway and E. Gileadi, Kinetic theory of pseudo-capacitance and electrode reactions at appreciable surface coverage, Transactions of the Faraday Society, vol.58, issue.1, pp.2493-2509, 1962.
DOI : 10.1039/tf9625802493

J. R. Miller, Electrochemical capacitor thermal management issues at high-rate cycling, Electrochimica Acta, vol.52, issue.4, pp.1703-1708, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2006.02.056

P. Guillemet, Y. Scudeller, and T. Brousse, Multi-level reduced-order thermal modeling of electrochemical capacitors, Journal of Power Sources, vol.157, issue.1, pp.630-640, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.07.072

R. R. Heikes, R. W. Ure, and . Jr, Thermoelectricity: Science and Engineering, pp.3-5, 2003.

J. Newman, Thermoelectric effects in electrochemical systems, Industrial & Engineering Chemistry Research, vol.34, issue.10, pp.3208-3216, 1995.
DOI : 10.1021/ie00037a005

D. Joubert, Étude microcalorimétrique associée à la charge et à la décharge électrochimique des matériaux hydrurables, Thèse, 1998.

G. Galliero, Thermodiffusion dans les fluides de Lennard-Jones par dynamique moléculaire, Thèse, 2003.

M. A. Mansour, N. F. El-anssary, and A. M. Aly, Effects of chemical reaction and thermal stratification on MHD free convective heat and mass transfer over a vertical stretching surface embedded in a porous media considering Soret and Dufour numbers, Chemical Engineering Journal, vol.145, issue.2, pp.340-345, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cej.2008.08.016

H. Davarzani, J. Chastanet, M. Marcoux, and M. Quintard, Theoretical determination of effective Thermodiffusion coefficients, application to the description of mass transfer in porous media " . 8 th International Meeting on Thermodiffusion, Lecture Notes, pp.161-254, 2008.

F. Zheng, Some basic matters on the heat effects at electrode-electrolyte interfaces, Thermochimica Acta. 2011, pp.1-7

M. D. Stoller, S. Park, and Y. Zhu, Graphene-Based Ultracapacitors, Nano Letters, vol.8, issue.10, pp.3498-3502, 2008.
DOI : 10.1021/nl802558y

F. Rodríguez-reinoso, A. C. Pastor, and H. Marsh, Preparation of activated carbone cloths from viscous rayon. Part II: physical activation processes, Carbon, issue.3, pp.38-379, 2000.

M. A. Lillo-ródenas, J. Juan-juan, and D. Cazorla-amorós, About reactions occuring during chemical activation with hydroxides, Carbon, issue.7, pp.42-1371, 2004.

B. D. Zdravkow, J. J. ?efara, and M. , Pore Classification in the characterization of porous materials: A perspective, Central European Journal of Chemistry, vol.5, issue.2, pp.385-395, 2007.

F. Rodriguez-reinoso and M. Molina-sablio, Textural and chemical characterization of microporous carbons, Advances in Colloid Interface Science, pp.76-77, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0001-8686(98)00049-9

A. G. Pandolfo and A. F. Hollenkamp, Carbon properties and their role in supercapacitors, Journal of Power Sources, vol.157, issue.1, pp.11-27, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2006.02.065

A. Braun, A. F. Bärtsch, and B. Schnyder, X-ray scattering and adsorption studies of thermally oxidized glassy carbon, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.260, issue.1-2, pp.1-14, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3093(99)00571-2

Y. Zhang and S. Iijima, Controllable method for fabricating single-wall carbon nanotube tips, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, issue.7, pp.966-968, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1288815

J. H. Chen, D. Z. Li, and S. X. Wang, Electrochemical characterization of carbon nanotubes as electrode in electrochemical double-layer capacitors, Carbon, vol.40, issue.8, pp.1193-1197, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0008-6223(01)00266-4

R. Amade, E. Jover, and B. Caglar, Optimization of MnO2/vertically aligned carbon nanotube composite for supercapacitor application, Journal of Power Sources, vol.196, issue.13, pp.5779-5783, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2011.02.029

S. Brunauer, P. H. Emmett, and E. Teller, Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.60, issue.2, pp.309-319, 1938.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01269a023

E. P. Barrett, L. G. Joyner, and P. P. Halenda, The Determination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computations from Nitrogen Isotherms, Journal of the American Chemical Society, vol.73, issue.1, pp.373-380, 1951.
DOI : 10.1021/ja01145a126

J. Chmiola, G. Yushin, and Y. Gogotsi, Anomalous Increase in Carbon Capacitance at Pore Sizes Less Than 1 Nanometer, Science, vol.313, issue.5794, pp.313-1760, 2006.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1132195

E. Raymundo-piñero, K. Kierzek, J. Machnikowski, and F. Béguin, Relationship between the nanoporous texture of activated carbons and their capacitance properties in different electrolytes, Carbon, vol.44, issue.12, pp.2498-2507, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.carbon.2006.05.022

N. L. Wu and S. Y. Wang, Conductivity percolation in carbon???carbon supercapacitor electrodes, Journal of Power Sources, vol.110, issue.1, pp.233-236, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0378-7753(02)00257-4

M. Hahn, A. Würsig, and R. Gallay, Gas evolution in activated carbon/propylene carbonate based double-layer capacitors, Electrochemistry Communications, vol.7, issue.9, pp.925-930, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elecom.2005.06.015

R. Lin, P. Huang, and J. Ségalini, Solvent effect on the ion adsorption from ionic liquid electrolyte into sub-nanometer carbon pores, Electrochimica Acta, vol.54, issue.27, pp.7025-7032, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2009.07.015
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01281977

H. Mosqueda, O. Crosnier, and L. Athouël, Electrolytes for hybrid carbon???MnO2 electrochemical capacitors, Electrochimica Acta, vol.55, issue.25, pp.7479-7483, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2010.01.022

M. Ue, M. Takeda, and M. Takehara, Electrochemical Properties of Quaternary Ammonium Salts for Electrochemical Capacitors, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.144, issue.8, pp.1684-1688, 1997.
DOI : 10.1149/1.1837882

M. Diaw, A. Chagnes, and B. Carré, Mixed ionic liquid as electrolyte for lithium batteries, Journal of Power Sources, vol.146, issue.1-2, pp.682-684, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.03.068

M. Ewen, A. B. Ngo, H. L. Lecompte, and K. , Electrochemical Properties of Imidazolium Salt Electrolytes for Electrochemical Capacitor Applications, Journal of the Electrochemical Society, vol.146, issue.5, pp.1687-1695, 1999.

W. G. Pell, B. E. Conway, and N. Marincic, Analysis of non-uniform charge/discharge and rate effects in porous carbon capacitors containing sub-optimal electrolyte concentrations, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry, vol.491, issue.1-2, pp.9-21, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-0728(00)00207-2

C. Pascot, Analyse électrothermique multi-échelle des supercondensateurs aux carbones pour le stockage de l'énergie, Thèse, 2009.

P. Fievet and A. Szymczyk, Characterisation of electrical properties of membrane pore walls, Comptes Rendus Chimie, vol.5, pp.6-7, 2003.

D. Linden and T. B. Reddy, Handbook of batteries, 2002.

T. Brousse, M. Toupin, and R. Dugas, Crystalline MnO[sub 2] as Possible Alternatives to Amorphous Compounds in Electrochemical Supercapacitors, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.153, issue.12, pp.2171-2180, 2006.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2352197

L. Li and D. L. King, Synthesis and Characterization of Silver Hollandite and Its Application in Emission Control, Chemistry of Materials, vol.17, issue.17, pp.4335-4343, 2005.
DOI : 10.1021/cm0506508

K. J. Vetter, Electrochemical Kinetics: Theoretical and Experimental Aspects, pp.97-103, 1967.

Y. Saito, K. Kanari, K. Takano, and T. Masusa, A calorimetric study on a cylindrical type lithium secondary battery by using a twin-type heat conduction calorimeter, Thermochimica Acta, vol.296, issue.1-2, pp.75-85, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0040-6031(97)00083-X

K. D. Etzel, K. R. Bickel, and R. Schuster, A micro calorimeter for measuring heat effects of electrochemical reactions with submonolayer conversions, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.81, issue.3, 2010.

C. T. Leodes, Control and dynamic systems, advances in theory and applications: multidimensional systems. Signal Processing and Modeling Techniques, 2003.

C. Pascot, Y. Dandeville, and Y. Scudeller, Calorimetric measurement of the heat generated by a Double-Layer Capacitor cell under cycling, Thermochimica Acta, vol.510, issue.1-2, pp.53-60, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tca.2010.06.022

W. Parker, W. J. Jenkins, C. P. Butler, and G. L. Abbott, Flash Method of Determining Thermal Diffusivity, Heat Capacity, and Thermal Conductivity, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.32, issue.9, pp.1679-1684, 1961.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1728417

Y. Scudeller and J. P. Bardon, Simultaneous measurement of the thermal conductivity and diffusivity of small size elements: application to the characterization of integrated circuit package samples, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.34, issue.3, pp.673-680, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0017-9310(91)90115-U

T. Brousse, P. L. Taberna, and O. Crosnier, Long-term cycling behavior of asymmetric activated carbon/MnO2 aqueous electrochemical supercapacitor, Journal of Power Sources, vol.173, issue.1, pp.633-641, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2007.04.074

P. Guillemet, T. Brousse, and O. Crosnier, Modeling pseudo capacitance of manganese dioxide, Electrochimica Acta, vol.67, issue.1, pp.41-49, 2012.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2012.01.110
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00865859

B. Pillay and J. Newman, The Influence of Side Reactions on the Performance of Electrochemical Double-Layer Capacitors, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.143, issue.6, pp.1806-1814, 1996.
DOI : 10.1149/1.1836908

J. Schiffer, D. Linzen, and D. U. Sauer, Heat generation in double layer capacitors, Journal of Power Sources, vol.160, issue.1, pp.765-772, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jpowsour.2005.12.070

A. L. Horvath, Handbook of aqueous electrolyte solutions: physical properties, estimation and correlation methods " . Ellis Horwood series in physical chemistry, 1985.

S. Kjelstrup, E. Olsen, and J. Qian, The Peltier Heating of aluminium, oxygen and carbon-carbon dioxide electrodes, Electrochimica Acta, vol.46, issue.1, pp.1041-1150, 2001.

H. Nakajima, T. Nohira, and Y. Ito, The single electrode Peltier heats of Li+/Li, H2/H??? and Li+/Pd???Li couples in molten LiCl???KCl systems, Electrochimica Acta, vol.49, issue.27, pp.4987-4991, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.electacta.2004.06.014

Y. Maeda and T. Kumagai, Electrochemical Peltier heat in the polypyrrole-electrolyte system, Thermochimica Acta, vol.267, issue.1, pp.139-148, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6031(95)02473-5

F. A. Posey and T. Morozumi, Theory of Potentiostatic and Galvanostatic Charging of the Double Layer in Porous Electrodes, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.113, issue.2, pp.176-184, 1966.
DOI : 10.1149/1.2423897

M. W. Verbrugge and P. Liu, Microstructural Analysis and Mathematical Modeling of Electric Double-Layer Supercapacitors, Journal of The Electrochemical Society, vol.152, issue.5, pp.79-87, 2005.
DOI : 10.1149/1.1878052

A. J. Bard and L. R. Faulkner, Electrochemical methods: fundamentals and applications, 2001.

D. Levie and R. , On porous electrodes in electrolyte solutions, Electrochimica Acta, vol.8, issue.10, pp.751-780, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/0013-4686(63)80042-0