A. Agusti-panareda, C. Thorncroft, G. Craig, and S. Gray, The extratropical transition of hurricane Irene (1999): A potential-vorticity perspective, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.128, issue.598, pp.1047-1074, 2004.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.02.140

A. Agusti-panareda, S. Gray, G. Craig, and C. Thorncroft, The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclone Lili (1996) and Its Crucial Contribution to a Moderate Extratropical Development, Monthly Weather Review, vol.133, issue.6, pp.1562-1573, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR2935.1

D. Anwender, P. Harr, and S. Jones, Predictability Associated with the Downstream Impacts of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Case Studies, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.9, pp.3226-3247, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2249.1

P. Bechtold, E. Bazile, F. Guichard, P. Mascart, and E. Richard, A mass-flux convection scheme for regional and global models, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.43, issue.573, pp.869-886, 2001.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712757309

S. Belamari, Report on uncertainty estimates of an optimal bulk formulation for surface turbulent fluxes, 2005.

S. Buehler and J. Vo, A simple method to relate microwave radiances to upper tropospheric humidity, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.29, issue.6, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD005111

J. Chaboureau and P. Bechtold, Statistical representation of clouds in a regional model and the impact on the diurnal cycle of convection during Tropical Convection, Cirrus and Nitrogen Oxides (TROCCINOX), Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.129, issue.D17, pp.10-1029, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD005645
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068822

J. Chaboureau, N. Söhne, J. Pinty, I. Meirold-mautner, E. Defer et al., A Midlatitude Precipitating Cloud Database Validated with Satellite Observations, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, vol.47, issue.5, pp.1337-1353, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2007JAMC1731.1
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00326170

J. Chaboureau, F. Pantillon, D. Lambert, E. Richard, and C. C. , Tropical transition of a Mediterranean storm by jet crossing, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.128, issue.664, pp.596-611, 2012.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.960

P. Colella and P. Woodward, The Piecewise Parabolic Method (PPM) for gas-dynamical simulations, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.54, issue.1, pp.174-201, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(84)90143-8

J. Cuxart, P. Bougeault, and J. Redelsperger, A turbulence scheme allowing for mesoscale and large-eddy simulations, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.28, issue.2, pp.1-30, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656202

C. Davis, S. Jones, and M. Riemer, Hurricane Vortex Dynamics during Atlantic Extratropical Transition, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.65, issue.3, pp.714-736, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2007JAS2488.1

C. Davis, W. Wang, J. Dudhia, and R. Torn, Does increased horizontal resolution improve hurricane wind forecasts? Weather Forecast, pp.1826-1841, 2010.

D. Durran, Improving the Anelastic Approximation, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.46, issue.11, pp.1453-1461, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1453:ITAA>2.0.CO;2

J. Franklin and D. Brown, Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2006, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.3, pp.1174-1200, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/2007MWR2377.1

I. Glatt, A. Doernbrack, S. Jones, J. Keller, O. Martius et al., Utility of Hovm??ller diagrams to diagnose Rossby wave trains, Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, vol.2, issue.131, pp.991-1006, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1600-0870.2011.00541.x

C. Grams, H. Wernli, M. Böttcher, J. Campa, U. Corsmeier et al., The key role of diabatic processes in modifying the upper-tropospheric wave guide: a North Atlantic case-study, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.63, issue.661, pp.2174-2193, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.891

P. Harr and J. Dea, Downstream Development Associated with the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific, Monthly Weather Review, vol.137, issue.4, pp.1295-1319, 2009.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2558.1

P. Harr, R. Elsberry, and T. Hogan, Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific. Part II: The Impact of Midlatitude Circulation Characteristics, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.8, pp.2634-2653, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2634:ETOTCO>2.0.CO;2

P. Harr, D. Anwender, and S. Jones, Predictability associated with the downstream impacts of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: methodology and a case study of Typhoon Nabi, 2005.

R. Hart, A Cyclone Phase Space Derived from Thermal Wind and Thermal Asymmetry, Monthly Weather Review, vol.131, issue.4, pp.585-616, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0585:ACPSDF>2.0.CO;2

H. Jiang, C. Liu, and E. Zipser, A TRMM-Based Tropical Cyclone Cloud and Precipitation Feature Database, Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology, vol.50, issue.6, pp.1255-1274, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/2011JAMC2662.1

S. Jones, P. Harr, J. Abraham, L. Bosart, P. Bowyer et al., The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Forecast Challenges, Current Understanding, and Future Directions, Weather and Forecasting, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1052-1092, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1052:TETOTC>2.0.CO;2

J. Keller, S. Jones, J. Evans, and P. Harr, Characteristics of the TIGGE multimodel ensemble prediction system in representing forecast variability associated with extratropical transition, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.137, issue.336, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2011GL047275

P. Klein, P. Harr, and R. Elsberry, Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: An Overview and Conceptual Model of the Transformation Stage, Weather and Forecasting, vol.15, issue.4, pp.373-396, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0434(2000)015<0373:ETOWNP>2.0.CO;2

P. Klein, P. Harr, and R. Elsberry, Extratropical Transition of Western North Pacific Tropical Cyclones: Midlatitude and Tropical Cyclone Contributions to Reintensification, Monthly Weather Review, vol.130, issue.9, pp.2240-2259, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<2240:ETOWNP>2.0.CO;2

Y. Kurihara, M. Bender, and R. Ross, An Initialization Scheme of Hurricane Models by Vortex Specification, Monthly Weather Review, vol.121, issue.7, pp.2030-2045, 1993.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2030:AISOHM>2.0.CO;2

J. Lafore, J. Stein, N. Asencio, P. Bougeault, V. Ducrocq et al., The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.16, issue.1, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329074

S. Lang, S. Jones, M. Leutbecher, M. Peng, and C. Reynolds, Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene (2006), Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.69, issue.2, pp.675-694, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-11-048.1

S. Laviola and V. Levizzani, The 183-WSL fast rain rate retrieval algorithm, Atmospheric Research, vol.99, issue.3-4, pp.443-461, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.013

P. Lynch, Partitioning the Wind in a Limited Domain, Monthly Weather Review, vol.117, issue.7, pp.1492-1500, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1492:PTWIAL>2.0.CO;2

I. Mallet, J. Cammas, P. Mascart, and P. Bechtold, Effects of cloud diabatic heating on the early development of the FASTEX IOP17 cyclone, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.2, issue.561, pp.3439-3467, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712556116

R. Mctaggart-cowan, J. Gyakum, and M. Yau, Sensitivity Testing of Extratropical Transitions Using Potential Vorticity Inversions to Modify Initial Conditions: Hurricane Earl Case Study, Monthly Weather Review, vol.129, issue.7, pp.1617-1636, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<1617:STOETU>2.0.CO;2

R. Mctaggart-cowan, J. Gyakum, and M. Yau, The Influence of the Downstream State on Extratropical Transition: Hurricane Earl (1998) Case Study, Monthly Weather Review, vol.131, issue.8, pp.1910-1929, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175//2589.1

R. Mctaggart-cowan, J. Gyakum, and M. Yau, The Impact of Tropical Remnants on Extratropical Cyclogenesis: Case Study of Hurricanes Danielle and Earl (1998), Monthly Weather Review, vol.132, issue.8, pp.1933-1951, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<1933:TIOTRO>2.0.CO;2

A. Moscatello, M. Miglietta, and R. Rotunno, Numerical Analysis of a Mediterranean ???Hurricane??? over Southeastern Italy, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.11, pp.4373-4397, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2512.1

O. Nuissier, R. Rogers, and F. Roux, A numerical simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22???23 August 1999 initialized with airborne Doppler radar and dropsonde data, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.57, issue.605, pp.155-194, 1999.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.02.233

F. Pantillon, P. Mascart, J. Chaboureau, C. Lac, J. Escobar et al., Seamless MESO-NH modeling over very large grids, Comptes Rendus M??canique, vol.339, issue.2-3, pp.136-140, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crme.2010.12.002

J. Pergaud, V. Masson, S. Malardel, and F. Couvreux, A Parameterization of Dry Thermals and Shallow Cumuli for Mesoscale Numerical Weather Prediction, Boundary-Layer Meteorology, vol.60, issue.1, pp.83-106, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10546-009-9388-0

J. Pinty and P. Jabouille, A mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in a mesoscale non-hydrostatic model: simulations of a squall line and of orographic precipitations, Conference on Cloud Physics, pp.217-220, 1998.

M. Riemer and S. Jones, The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.21, pp.617-637, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.605

M. Riemer, S. Jones, and C. Davis, The impact of extratropical transition on the downstream flow: An idealized modelling study with a straight jet, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.21, issue.630, pp.69-91, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.189

E. Ritchie and R. Elsberry, Simulations of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Phasing between the Upper-Level Trough and Tropical Cyclones, Monthly Weather Review, vol.135, issue.3, pp.862-876, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR3303.1

L. Scheck, S. Jones, and M. Juckes, The Resonant Interaction of a Tropical Cyclone and a Tropopause Front in a Barotropic Model. Part II: Frontal Waves, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.68, issue.3, pp.420-429, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/2010JAS3483.1

J. Schwendike and S. Jones, Convection in an African Easterly Wave over West Africa and the eastern Atlantic: A model case study of Helene (2006), Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.30, issue.s1, pp.364-396, 2006.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.566

R. Torn, Diagnosis of the Downstream Ridging Associated with Extratropical Transition Using Short-Term Ensemble Forecasts, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.67, issue.3, pp.817-833, 2010.
DOI : 10.1175/2009JAS3093.1

D. Anwender, P. A. Harr, and S. C. Jones, Predictability Associated with the Downstream Impacts of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Case Studies, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.9, pp.3226-3247, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2249.1

D. Anwender, S. C. Jones, M. Leutbecher, and P. A. Harr, Sensitivity experiments for ensemble forecasts of the extratropical transition of typhoon Tokage, 2004.

S. Belamari, Report on uncertainty estimates of an optimal bulk formulation for surface turbulent fluxes, p.29, 2005.

R. Buizza and P. Chessa, Prediction of the U.S. Storm of 24???26 January 2000 with the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System, Monthly Weather Review, vol.130, issue.6, pp.1531-1551, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<1531:POTUSS>2.0.CO;2

R. Buizza and A. Hollingsworth, Storm prediction over Europe using the ECMWF Ensemble Prediction System, Meteorological Applications, vol.74, issue.3, pp.289-305, 2002.
DOI : 10.1017/S1350482702003031

J. Chaboureau and P. Bechtold, Statistical representation of clouds in a regional model and the impact on the diurnal cycle of convection during Tropical Convection, Cirrus and Nitrogen Oxides (TROCCINOX), Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.129, issue.D17, pp.17-10310, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD005645
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068822

J. Chaboureau and C. Claud, Satellite-based climatology of Mediterranean cloud systems and their association with large-scale circulation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.45, issue.D3, pp.1-10210, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD006460
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068833

J. Chaboureau, F. Pantillon, D. Lambert, E. Richard, and C. Claud, Tropical transition of a Mediterranean storm by jet crossing, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.128, issue.664, pp.596-611
DOI : 10.1002/qj.960

C. Grams, Quantification of the downstream impact of extratropical transition for typhoon jangmi and other case studies, 2011.

C. M. Grams, The key role of diabatic processes in modifying the upper-tropospheric wave guide: a North Atlantic case-study, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.63, issue.661, pp.2174-2193, 2011.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.891

P. Harr and R. Elsberry, Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific. Part I: Evolution of Structural Characteristics during the Transition Process, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.8, pp.2613-2633, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2613:ETOTCO>2.0.CO;2

P. A. Harr, D. Anwender, and S. C. Jones, Predictability associated with the downstream impacts of the extratropical transition of tropical cyclones: Methodology and a case study of Typhoon Nabi, 2005.

S. C. Jones, The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Forecast Challenges, Current Understanding, and Future Directions, Weather and Forecasting, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1052-1092, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1052:TETOTC>2.0.CO;2

J. H. Keller, S. C. Jones, J. L. Evans, and P. A. Harr, Characteristics of the TIGGE multimodel ensemble prediction system in representing forecast variability associated with extratropical transition, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.137, issue.336, pp.10-1029, 2011.
DOI : 10.1029/2011GL047275

J. Lafore, The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: adiabatic formulation and control simulations, Annales Geophysicae, vol.16, issue.1, pp.90-109, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s00585-997-0090-6
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329074

S. T. Lang, S. C. Jones, M. Leutbecher, M. S. Peng, and C. A. , Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene (2006), Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene, pp.675-694, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-11-048.1

M. Leutbecher and T. N. Palmer, Ensemble forecasting, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.227, issue.7, pp.3515-3539, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.014

O. Martius, C. Schwierz, and H. C. Davies, Far-upstream precursors of heavy precipitation events on the Alpine south-side, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.64, issue.631, pp.417-428, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.229

A. Moscatello, M. M. Miglietta, and R. Rotunno, Numerical Analysis of a Mediterranean ???Hurricane??? over Southeastern Italy, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.11, pp.4373-4397, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2512.1

A. Moscatello, M. M. Miglietta, and R. Rotunno, Observational analysis of a Mediterranean ???hurricane??? over south-eastern Italy, Weather, vol.44, issue.10, pp.306-311, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/wea.231

F. Pantillon, J. Chaboureau, P. Mascart, and C. Lac, On the role of a Rossby wave train during the extratropical transition of hurricane Helene, 2006.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00923941

C. A. Reynolds, M. S. Peng, and J. Chen, Recurving Tropical Cyclones: Singular Vector Sensitivity and Downstream Impacts, Monthly Weather Review, vol.137, issue.4, pp.1320-1337, 2009.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2652.1

M. Riemer and S. C. Jones, The downstream impact of tropical cyclones on a developing baroclinic wave in idealized scenarios of extratropical transition, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.21, pp.617-637, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.605

R. D. Torn, Diagnosis of the Downstream Ridging Associated with Extratropical Transition Using Short-Term Ensemble Forecasts, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.67, issue.3, pp.817-833, 20093093.
DOI : 10.1175/2009JAS3093.1

L. Wiegand, A. Twitchett, C. Schwierz, and P. Knippertz, Heavy Precipitation at the Alpine South Side and Saharan Dust over Central Europe: A Predictability Study Using TIGGE, Weather and Forecasting, vol.26, issue.6, pp.957-974, 2011.
DOI : 10.1175/WAF-D-10-05060.1

J. P. Lafore, J. Stein, N. Asencio, P. Bougeault, V. Ducrocq et al., The Meso-NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I: Adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Scientific objectives and experimental design, pp.16-90, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329074

P. Jabouille, R. Guivarch, P. Kloos, D. Gazen, N. Gicquel et al., Parallelization of the French Meteorological Mesoscale Model M??soNH, Parallelization of the French meteorological mesoscale model MesoNH, pp.1417-1422, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/3-540-48311-X_199

D. P. Brown and H. Hurricane, Tropical cyclone report, pp.12-24, 2006.

J. Chaboureau, J. Cammas, J. Duron, P. J. Mascart, N. M. Sitnikov et al., A numerical study of tropical cross-tropopause transport by convective overshoots, Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, vol.7, issue.7, pp.1731-1740, 2007.
DOI : 10.5194/acp-7-1731-2007
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00268048

D. Brunner, P. Siegmund, P. T. May, L. Chappel, C. Schiller et al., The SCOUT-O3 Darwin Aircraft Campaign: rationale and meteorology, Atmos. Chem. Phys, vol.7, pp.93-117, 2009.

H. Clark and J. P. Chaboureau, Uncertainties in short-term forecasts of a Mediterranean heavy precipitation event: Assessment with satellite observations, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.72, issue.D14, pp.10-1029, 2010.
DOI : 10.1029/2010JD014388
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00562341

A. Agusti-panareda, The Contribution of Ex???Tropical Cyclone Gert (1999) toward the Weakening of a Midlatitude Cyclogenesis Event, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.6, pp.2091-2111, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2007MWR1637.1

D. Anwender, S. C. Jones, M. Leutbecher, and P. A. Harr, (2004), Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.130, issue.646, pp.183-200, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.527

E. Atallah and L. Bosart, The extratropical transition and precipitation distribution of hurricane Floyd, 131<1063:TETAPD>2.0.CO, pp.1063-1081, 1999.

C. Bishop, Domain-Independent Attribution. Part I: Reconstructing the Wind from Estimates of Vorticity and Divergence Using Free Space Green's Functions, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.53, issue.2, pp.241-252, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0241:DIAPIR>2.0.CO;2

S. A. Buehler and V. O. John, A simple method to relate microwave radiances to upper tropospheric humidity, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.29, issue.6, pp.10-1029111, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004JD005111

J. Chaboureau and C. Claud, Satellite-based climatology of Mediterranean cloud systems and their association with large-scale circulation, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.45, issue.D3, pp.110-1029460, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD006460
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00068833

R. Davies-jones, Vector, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.48, issue.4, pp.497-509, 1991.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<0497:TFFOSC>2.0.CO;2
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/in2p3-00021799

C. Davis, C. Snyder, A. C. Didlake, and J. , A Vortex-Based Perspective of Eastern Pacific Tropical Cyclone Formation, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.7, pp.2461-2477, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/2007MWR2317.1

C. A. Davis and L. F. Bosart, The TT Problem: Forecasting the Tropical Transition of Cyclones, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.85, issue.11, pp.1657-1662, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/BAMS-85-11-1657

C. A. Davis, S. C. Jones, and M. Riemer, Hurricane Vortex Dynamics during Atlantic Extratropical Transition, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.65, issue.3, pp.714-736, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2007JAS2488.1

D. R. Durran, Improving the Anelastic Approximation, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.46, issue.11, pp.1453-1461, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1989)046<1453:ITAA>2.0.CO;2

R. Elsberry, Comments on ???The Influence of the Downstream State on Extratropical Transition: Hurricane Earl (1998) Case Study??? and ???A Study of the Extratropical Reintensification of Former Hurricane Earl Using Canadian Meteorological Centre Regional Analyses and Ensemble Forecasts???, 132<2511:COTIOT>2.0.CO, pp.2511-2513, 2004.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2004)132<2511:COTIOT>2.0.CO;2

J. L. Franklin and D. P. Brown, Atlantic Hurricane Season of 2006, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.3, pp.1174-1200, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/2007MWR2377.1

T. J. Galarneau, L. F. Jr, R. S. Bosart, and . Schumacher, Predecessor Rain Events ahead of Tropical Cyclones, Monthly Weather Review, vol.138, issue.8, pp.3272-3297, 2010.
DOI : 10.1175/2010MWR3243.1

C. Keller, L. Lenz, and . Wiegand, The key role of diabatic processes in modifying the upper-tropospheric wave guide : a north atlantic case-study, Quart. J, 2011.

D. Hanley, J. Molinari, and D. Keyser, A Composite Study of the Interactions between Tropical Cyclones and Upper-Tropospheric Troughs, Monthly Weather Review, vol.129, issue.10, pp.2570-2584, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2570:ACSOTI>2.0.CO;2

P. Harr and R. Elsberry, Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific. Part I: Evolution of Structural Characteristics during the Transition Process, 128<2613:ETOTCO>2.0.CO, pp.2613-263310, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2613:ETOTCO>2.0.CO;2

P. Harr, R. Elsberry, and T. Hogan, Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific. Part II: The Impact of Midlatitude Circulation Characteristics, 128<2634:ETOTCO>2.0.CO, pp.2634-265310, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<2634:ETOTCO>2.0.CO;2

P. A. Harr and J. M. Dea, Downstream Development Associated with the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific, Monthly Weather Review, vol.137, issue.4, pp.1295-1319, 2009.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2558.1

P. A. Harr, D. Anwender, and S. C. Jones, Predictability Associated with the Downstream Impacts of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Methodology and a Case Study of Typhoon Nabi (2005), Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.9, pp.3205-3225, 2005.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2248.1

R. Hart and J. Evans, A Climatology of the Extratropical Transition of Atlantic Tropical Cyclones, Journal of Climate, vol.14, issue.4, pp.546-564, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2001)014<0546:ACOTET>2.0.CO;2

R. E. Hart, A Cyclone Phase Space Derived from Thermal Wind and Thermal Asymmetry, Monthly Weather Review, vol.131, issue.4, pp.585-616, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2003)131<0585:ACPSDF>2.0.CO;2

J. R. Holton, An Introduction to Dynamic Meteorology, American Journal of Physics, vol.41, issue.5, 1979.
DOI : 10.1119/1.1987371

B. Hoskins, M. Mcintyre, and A. Robertson, On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.41, issue.1, pp.877-946, 1985.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49711147002

S. C. Jones, P. A. Harr, J. Abraham, L. F. Bosart, P. J. Bowyer et al., The Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Forecast Challenges, Current Understanding, and Future Directions, Weather and Forecasting, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1052-1092, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0434(2003)018<1052:TETOTC>2.0.CO;2

D. E. Kofron, E. A. Ritchie, and J. S. Tyo, Determination of a Consistent Time for the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Examination of Existing Methods for Finding ???ET Time???, Monthly Weather Review, vol.138, issue.12, pp.4328-434310, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/2010MWR3180.1

D. E. Kofron, E. A. Ritchie, and J. S. Tyo, Determination of a Consistent Time for the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones. Part II: Potential Vorticity Metrics, Monthly Weather Review, vol.138, issue.12, pp.4344-4361, 2010.
DOI : 10.1175/2010MWR3181.1

J. Lafore, J. Stein, N. Asencio, P. Bougeault, V. Ducrocq et al., The Meso?NH Atmospheric Simulation System. Part I : adiabatic formulation and control simulations. Scientific objectives and experimental design, pp.90-109, 1998.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00329074

D. Lambert and S. Argence, Preliminary study of an intense rainfall episode in corsica Advances in Geosciences, pp.125-12910, 2006.

D. Lambert and J. Cammas, Rossby wave interactions with mediterranean and subtropical latitudes, Meteorology and Atmospheric Physics, pp.83-94, 2010.

S. T. Lang, S. C. Jones, M. Leutbecher, M. S. Peng, and C. A. Reynolds, Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene (2006), Sensitivity, Structure, and Dynamics of Singular Vectors Associated with Hurricane Helene, pp.675-694, 2006.
DOI : 10.1175/JAS-D-11-048.1

S. Laviola and V. Levizzani, The 183-WSL fast rain rate retrieval algorithm, Atmospheric Research, vol.99, issue.3-4, pp.443-461, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2010.11.013

M. Leutbecher and T. N. Palmer, Ensemble forecasting, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.227, issue.7, pp.3515-3539, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jcp.2007.02.014

P. Lynch, Partitioning the Wind in a Limited Domain, Monthly Weather Review, vol.117, issue.7, pp.1492-1500, 1989.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1492:PTWIAL>2.0.CO;2

A. C. Massacand, H. Wernli, and H. C. Davies, Influence of Upstream Diabatic Heating upon an Alpine Event of Heavy Precipitation, Monthly Weather Review, vol.129, issue.11, pp.2822-2828, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2001)129<2822:IOUDHU>2.0.CO;2

R. Mctaggart-cowan, J. Gyakum, and M. Yau, The impact of tropical remnants on extratropical cyclogenesis : Case study of Hurricanes Danielle and Earl, 132<1933: TIOTRO>2.0.CO, pp.10-1175, 1933.

R. Mctaggart-cowan, J. Gyakum, and M. Yau, The influence of the downstream state on extratropical transition : Hurricane Earl (1998) case study " and " A study of the extratropical reintensification of former Hurricane Earl using Canadian meteorological centre regional analyses and ensemble forecasts " -Reply, 132<2514:R>2.0.CO, pp.2514-25191520, 2004.

A. Moscatello, M. M. Miglietta, and R. Rotunno, Observational analysis of a Mediterranean "hurricane" over southeastern Italy, Weather, pp.306-311, 2008.

O. Nuissier, R. F. Rogers, and F. Roux, A numerical simulation of Hurricane Bret on 22???23 August 1999 initialized with airborne Doppler radar and dropsonde data, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.57, issue.605, pp.131-155, 2005.
DOI : 10.1256/qj.02.233

I. Orlanski and J. Sheldon, Stages In The Energetics Of Baroclinic Systems, Tellus Series A-Dynamic Meteorology And Oceanography, International Symposium on the Life Cycles of Extratropical Cyclones, pp.605-628, 1994.

J. Pinto, M. Klawa, U. Ulbrich, R. Ruradi, and P. Speth, Extreme precipitation events over northwest italy and their relationship with tropical-extratropical interactions over the atlantic, Mediterranean Storms (Proceedings of the 3rd EGS Plinius Conference held at Baja Sardinia, Italy), pp.327-332, 2001.

J. Pinty and P. Jabouille, A mixed-phase cloud parameterization for use in a mesoscale non-hydrostatic model : simulations of a squall line and of orographic precipitations, Conf. on cloud physics, pp.217-220, 1998.

M. Riemer, S. C. Jones, and C. A. Davis, The impact of extratropical transition on the downstream flow: An idealized modelling study with a straight jet, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.21, issue.630, pp.69-91, 2008.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.189

E. A. Ritchie and R. L. Elsberry, Simulations of the Extratropical Transition of Tropical Cyclones: Phasing between the Upper-Level Trough and Tropical Cyclones, Monthly Weather Review, vol.135, issue.3, pp.862-876, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/MWR3303.1

L. Shapiro and J. Moller, Influence of Atmospheric Asymmetries on the Intensification of Hurricane Opal: Piecewise PV Inversion Diagnosis of a GFDL Model Forecast, Monthly Weather Review, vol.131, issue.8, pp.131-1637, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175//2552.1

M. Sinclair, Extratropical Transition of Southwest Pacific Tropical Cyclones. Part I: Climatology and Mean Structure Changes, 130<0590:ETOSPT>2.0.CO, pp.590-609, 2002.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2002)130<0590:ETOSPT>2.0.CO;2

N. Söhne, J. Chaboureau, and F. Guichard, Verification of Cloud Cover Forecast with Satellite Observation over West Africa, Monthly Weather Review, vol.136, issue.11, pp.4421-4434, 2008.
DOI : 10.1175/2008MWR2432.1

C. Thorncroft and S. Jones, The Extratropical Transitions of Hurricanes Felix and Iris in 1995, Monthly Weather Review, vol.128, issue.4, pp.947-972, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(2000)128<0947:TETOHF>2.0.CO;2

C. D. Thorncroft, B. J. Hoskins, and M. E. Mcintyre, Two paradigms of baroclinic-wave life-cycle behaviour, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.113, issue.509, pp.17-55, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49711950903

R. D. Torn and G. J. Hakim, Initial Condition Sensitivity of Western Pacific Extratropical Transitions Determined Using Ensemble-Based Sensitivity Analysis, Monthly Weather Review, vol.137, issue.10, pp.3388-340610, 2001.
DOI : 10.1175/2009MWR2879.1

. Wettergefahren-frühwarnung, Starkregen, süd-und mitteleuropa, 13.- 18.9, 2006.

. Wettergefahren-frühwarnung, Starkregen, südeuropa, 23.-27.9, Tech. rep, 2006.