A. Alanärä, Significance of substrate and the timing of start-feeding in alevins of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus), Aquaculture, vol.116, issue.1, pp.47-55, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(93)90221-J

J. Altmann, Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods, Behaviour, vol.49, issue.3, pp.227-263, 1974.
DOI : 10.1163/156853974X00534

J. D. Armstrong and S. W. Griffiths, Density-dependent refuge use among over-wintering wild Atlantic salmon juveniles, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.23, issue.6, pp.1524-1530, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/anbe.1997.0550

B. Auperin and M. Geslin, Plasma cortisol response to stress in juvenile rainbow trout is influenced by their life history during early development and by egg cortisol content, General and Comparative Endocrinology, vol.158, issue.3, pp.234-239, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ygcen.2008.07.002

J. E. Bailey and S. G. Taylor, Salmon fry production in a gravel incubator hatchery, Auke Creek U.S. Dep. Commer. NOAA Tech. Memo. NMFS ABFL, vol.3, pp.197-72, 1974.

E. K. Balon, The theory of saltatory ontogeny and life history models revisited Early Life History of Fishes, New Developmental, Ecological and Evolutionary Perspectives The Hague, pp.13-33, 1985.

R. A. Bams, Adaptations in sockeye salmon associated with incubation in stream gravels, Symposium on Salmon and Trout in Streams. H.R. MacMillan Lectures in Fisheries. InUniv. of British Columbia, pp.71-88, 1969.

D. Benhaïm, S. Skúlason, and B. R. Hansen, Behavioural variation in juvenile Arctic charr in relation to body size, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.12, issue.6, pp.1326-1338, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1095-8649.2003.00114.x

P. A. Biro, A. E. Morton, J. R. Post, and E. A. Parkinson, ), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.61, issue.8, pp.1513-1519, 2004.
DOI : 10.1139/f04-083

D. R. Bustard and D. W. Narver, ), Journal of the Fisheries Research Board of Canada, vol.32, issue.5, pp.667-680, 1975.
DOI : 10.1139/f75-086

C. R. Contor and J. S. Griffith, Nocturnal emergence of juvenile rainbow trout from winter concealment relative to light intensity, Hydrobiologia, vol.21, issue.3, pp.179-183, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00767324

A. Coulibaly, T. Koné, N. I. Ouattara, V. N-'douba, J. Snoeks et al., Evaluation of a man-made shelter's effects on survival and growth of Heterobranchus longifilis fry under cage culture, Belg. J. Zool, vol.137, pp.157-164, 2007.

R. A. Cunjak, ) during Winter, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.45, issue.12, pp.2156-2160, 1988.
DOI : 10.1139/f88-250

M. C. Curran and K. W. Able, The value of tethering fishes (winter Rounder and tautog) as a tool for assessing predation rates, Mar. Ecol. Prog. Ser, vol.63, pp.45-51, 1998.

P. A. Dill, Behavior of alevin influencing distribution in gravel, Salmon and Trout Migratory Behaviour Symposium. InUniversity of Washington, 1981.

T. Ellis, B. P. North, A. P. Scott, N. R. Bromage, M. J. Porter et al., The relationships between stocking density and welfare in farmed rainbow trout, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.12, issue.4, pp.493-531, 2002.
DOI : 10.1577/1548-8640(1998)060<0192:EWTCAF>2.0.CO;2

D. Benhaïm, Impact of a new artificial shelter on Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus, L.) behaviour and culture performance during the endogenous feeding period, Aquaculture, vol.295, issue.1-2, pp.38-43, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2009.06.024

C. Eriksson and G. Westlund, The impact on survival and growth of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) and sea trout (Salmo trutta) by using incubators with artificial substrate. 1. Hatching and first summer, 1983.

A. G. Finstad, O. Ugedal, T. Forseth, and T. F. Naesje, ), Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.61, issue.12, pp.2358-2368, 2004.
DOI : 10.1139/f04-213

A. G. Finstad, S. Einum, T. Forseth, and O. Ugedal, Shelter availability affects behaviour, size-dependent and mean growth of juvenile Atlantic salmon, Freshwater Biology, vol.14, issue.9, pp.1710-1718, 2007.
DOI : 10.2307/3546913

H. Fricke, K. Hissman, J. Schauer, O. Reinicke, L. Kasang et al., Habitat and population size of the coelacanth Latimeria chalumnae at Grand Comoro, Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol.85, issue.1-4, pp.287-300, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00007462

M. F. Greenwood and N. B. Metcalfe, Minnows become nocturnal at low temperatures, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.35, issue.1, pp.25-32, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/anbe.1997.0550

J. S. Griffith and R. W. Smith, Use of Winter Concealment Cover by Juvenile Cutthroat and Brown Trout in the South Fork of the Snake River, Idaho, North American Journal of Fisheries Management, vol.13, issue.4, pp.823-830, 1993.
DOI : 10.1577/1548-8675(1993)013<0823:UOWCCB>2.3.CO;2

T. Hansen, Artificial hatching substrate: Effect on yolk absorption, mortality and growth during first feeding of sea trout (Salmo trutta), Aquaculture, vol.46, issue.4, pp.275-285, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90105-X

T. Hansen and D. Moller, ) Incubated on Astro-turf, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.42, issue.6, pp.1073-1078, 1984.
DOI : 10.1139/f85-133

T. Hansen and O. Torrissen, Artificial hatching substrate and different times of transfer to first feeding: Effect on growth and protease activities of the Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Aquaculture, vol.48, issue.2, pp.177-188, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90103-6

J. Heggenes, O. Krog, O. Lindas, J. Dokk, and T. Bremnes, Homeostatic Behavioural Responses in a Changing Environment: Brown Trout (Salmo trutta) become Nocturnal during Winter, The Journal of Animal Ecology, vol.62, issue.2, pp.295-308, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/5361

M. A. Hossain, M. C. Beveridge, and G. S. Haylor, The effects of density, light and shelter on the growth and survival of African catfish (Clurias gariepinus Burchell, 1822) fingerlings, Aquaculture, vol.160, issue.25, pp.1-258, 1998.

V. S. Ivlev, Experimental ecology of the feeding of fishes, 1961.

A. Klemetsen, P. Amundsen, J. B. Dempson, B. Jonsson, N. Jonsson et al., Atlantic salmon Salmo salar L., brown trout Salmo trutta L. and Arctic charr Salvelinus alpinus (L.): a review of aspects of their life histories, Ecology of Freshwater Fish, vol.23, issue.2002, pp.1-59, 2003.
DOI : 10.1006/jfbi.1998.0854

K. A. Leon, Improved growth and survival of juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) hatched in drums packed with a labyrinthine plastic substrate. Prog. Fish-Cult, pp.158-163, 1975.

A. L. Leon and W. A. Bonney, Atlantic Salmon Embryos and Fry: Effects of Various Incubation and Rearing Methods on Hatchery Survival and Growth, The Progressive Fish-Culturist, vol.41, issue.1, pp.20-25, 1979.
DOI : 10.1577/1548-8659(1979)41[20:ASEAF]2.0.CO;2

D. H. Marr, The influence of surface contour on the behaviour of trout alevins S. trutta L., Animal Behaviour, vol.11, issue.2-3, p.412, 1963.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-3472(63)80148-7

R. W. Mead and W. L. Woodall, Comparison of sockeye salmon fry produced by hatcheries, artificial channels and natural spawning areas, IPSFC Prog. Rept. No, vol.20, 1968.

K. J. Millidine, J. D. Armstrong, and N. B. Metcalfe, Presence of shelter reduces maintenance metabolism of juvenile salmon, Functional Ecology, vol.101, issue.5, pp.839-845, 2006.
DOI : 10.2307/1565806

S. Millot, M. Bégout, J. Person-le-ruyet, G. Breuil, C. Di-poï et al., Feed demand behavior in sea bass juveniles: Effects on individual specific growth rate variation and health (inter-individual and inter-group variation), Aquaculture, vol.274, issue.1, pp.87-95, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2007.11.004

R. Nortvedt, The timing of emergence of Atlantic salmon and rainbow trout, incubated of different substrates. Counc. Meet. of The Int. Counc, For the exploration of the, 1986.

T. P. Quinn, The Behavior and Ecology of Pacific Salmon and Trout, pp.159-166, 2004.

R. W. Smith and J. S. Griffith, Survival of Rainbow Trout during Their First Winter in the Henrys Fork of the Snake River, Idaho, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol.123, issue.5, pp.747-756, 1994.
DOI : 10.1577/1548-8659(1994)123<0747:SORTDT>2.3.CO;2

K. B. Suttle, M. E. Power, J. M. Levine, and C. Mcneely, HOW FINE SEDIMENT IN RIVERBEDS IMPAIRS GROWTH AND SURVIVAL OF JUVENILE SALMONIDS, Ecological Applications, vol.14, issue.4, pp.947-969, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02674951

S. K. Valdimarsson and N. B. Metcalfe, Shelter selection in juvenile Atlantic salmon, or why do salmon seek shelter in winter?, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.35, issue.1, pp.42-49, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/anbe.1997.0550

M. Viljanen and J. Koho, The effects of egg size and incubation conditions on life history of vendace (Coregonus albula L.). Verh, Internat. Verein. Limnol, vol.24, pp.2418-2423, 1991.

J. C. Wallace and D. Aasjord, The initial feeding of Arctic charr (Salvelinus alpinus) alevins at different temperatures and under different feeding regimes, Aquaculture, vol.38, issue.1, pp.19-33, 1984.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(84)90134-0

K. G. Whalen, D. L. Parrish, and M. E. Mather, Effect of ice formation on selection of habitats and winter distribution of post-young-of-the-year Atlantic salmon parr, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.56, issue.1, pp.87-96, 1999.
DOI : 10.1139/f98-156

H. Wilkonska, T. Uromskabackiel, H. Backiel, and T. , Reproductive traits and their effects on embryos and larvae of vendace, Coregonus albula (L.). Part II. Egg incubation, Arch. Pol. Fish, vol.2, pp.5-19, 1994.

J. H. Zar, Biostatistical Analysis, p.663, 1996.

A. References-references-alanärä and E. Brännäs, A test of individual feeding activity and food size preference in rainbow trout using demand feeders, Aquacult. Int, vol.1, pp.47-54, 1993.

A. Alanärä and E. Brännäs, Dominance in demand-feeding behaviour in Arctic charr and rainbow trout: the effect of stocking density, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.33, issue.2, pp.242-254, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(88)90045-2

A. Alanärä, S. Winberg, E. Brännäs, A. Kiessling, E. Höglund et al., Feeding behaviour, brain serotonergic activity levels, and energy reserves of Arctic char (<i>Salvelinus alpinus</i>) within a dominance hierarchy, Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.76, issue.2, pp.212-220, 1998.
DOI : 10.1139/cjz-76-2-212

A. Aranda, F. J. Sánchez-vázquez, and J. A. Madrid, Effect of short-term fasting on macronutrient self-selection in sea bass1, Physiology & Behavior, vol.73, issue.1-2, pp.105-109, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9384(01)00464-4

J. J. Beukema, G. P. Baerends, C. R. Carpenter, P. P. Grasse, J. J. Van-iersel et al., Predation By the Three-Spined Stickleback (Gasterosteus Aculeatus L.): the Influence of Hunger and Experience, Behaviour, vol.31, issue.1, pp.1-126, 1968.
DOI : 10.1163/156853968X00018

D. Black and R. M. Love, The sequential mobilisation and restoration of energy reserves in tissues of Atlantic cod during starvation and refeeding, Journal of Comparative Physiology B, vol.184, issue.4, pp.469-479, 1986.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00691032

J. Blasco, J. Fernandez, and J. Gutiérrez, Fasting and refeeding in carp, Cyprinus carpio L.: the mobilization of reserves and plasma metabolite and hormone variations, Journal Of Comparative Physiology B, vol.162, issue.6, pp.346-359, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00264815

C. Boismenu, G. Gauthier, and J. Larochelle, Physiology of prolonged fasting in greater snow geese (Chen caerulescens atlantica), Auk, vol.109, pp.511-521, 1992.

T. Boujard, M. Jourdan, M. Kentouri, and P. Divanach, Diel feeding activity and the effect of time-restricted self-feeding on growth and feed conversion in European sea bass, Aquaculture, vol.139, issue.1-2, pp.117-127, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01148-X

T. Boujard and J. F. Leatherland, Demand-feeding behaviour and diel pattern of feeding activity in Oncorhynchus mykiss held under different photoperiod regimes, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.33, issue.4, pp.535-544, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(88)90029-4

E. Brännäs and A. Alanärä, Monitoring the feeding activity of individual fish with a demand feeding system, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.12, issue.2, pp.209-215, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(88)90045-2

C. Carere, T. G. Groothuis, E. Möstl, S. Daan, and J. M. Koolhaas, Fecal corticosteroids in a territorial bird selected for different personalities: daily rhythm and the response to social stress, Hormones and Behavior, vol.43, issue.5, pp.540-548, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0018-506X(03)00065-5

K. Coleman and D. S. Wilson, Shyness and boldness in pumpkinseed sunfish: individual differences are context-specific, Animal Behaviour, vol.56, issue.4, pp.927-936, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/anbe.1998.0852

J. T. Cook, A. M. Sutterlin, and M. A. Mcniven, Effect of food deprivation on oxygen consumption and body composition of growth-enhanced transgenic Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), Aquaculture, vol.188, issue.1-2, pp.47-63, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0044-8486(00)00333-1

D. Covès, M. Beauchaud, J. Attia, G. Dutto, C. Bouchut et al., Long-term monitoring of individual fish triggering activity on a self-feeding system: An example using European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Aquaculture, vol.253, issue.1-4, pp.385-392, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.08.015

D. Covès, E. Gasset, G. Lemarié, and G. Dutto, A simple way of avoiding feed wastage in European seabass, , under self-feeding conditions, Aquatic Living Resources, vol.11, issue.6, pp.395-401, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0990-7440(99)80005-9

M. I. Croy and R. N. Hughes, The influence of hunger on feeding behaviour and on the acquisition of learned foraging skills by the fifteen-spined stickleback, Spinachia spinachia L., Animal Behaviour, vol.41, issue.1, pp.161-170, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/S0003-3472(05)80511-1

C. Di-poï, J. Attia, C. Bouchut, G. Dutto, D. Covès et al., Behavioral and neurophysiological responses of European sea bass groups reared under food constraint, Physiology & Behavior, vol.90, issue.4, pp.559-566, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2006.11.005

C. Di-poï, M. Beauchaud, C. Bouchut, G. Dutto, D. Covès et al., Effects of high food-demand fish removal in groups of juvenile sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Canadian Journal of Zoology, vol.86, issue.9, pp.1015-1023, 2008.
DOI : 10.1139/Z08-077

N. J. Dingemanse and P. De-goede, The relation between dominance and exploratory behavior is context-dependent in wild great tits, Behavioral Ecology, vol.15, issue.6, pp.1023-1030, 2004.
DOI : 10.1093/beheco/arh115

N. J. Dingemanse, A. J. Kazem, D. Réale, and J. Wright, Behavioural reaction norms: animal personality meets individual plasticity, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.25, issue.2, pp.81-89, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2009.07.013

S. H. Dobson and R. M. Holmes, Compensatory growth in the rainbow trout, Salmo gairdneri Richardson, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.649-656, 1984.
DOI : 10.1071/AR9790135

G. Echevarria, M. Martinez-bebia, and S. Zamora, Evolution of Biometric Indices and Plasma Metabolites During Prolonged Starvation in European Sea Bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.), Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Physiology, vol.118, issue.1, pp.111-123, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0300-9629(96)00416-1

D. E. Feldker, N. A. Datson, A. H. Veenema, E. Meulmeester, E. R. De-kloet et al., Serial analysis of gene expression predicts structural differences in hippocampus of long attack latency and short attack latency mice, European Journal of Neuroscience, vol.16, issue.2, pp.379-387, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1460-9568.2003.02440.x

B. G. Galef, Why behaviour patterns that animals learn socially are locally adaptive, Animal Behaviour, vol.49, issue.5, pp.1325-1334, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/anbe.1995.0164

G. Jr, B. G. Cecilia, M. H. , B. Jr, and G. G. , Introduction, Social Learning in Animals, pp.3-15, 1996.

T. E. Gillis and J. S. Ballantyne, The effects of starvation on plasma free amino acid and glucose concentrations in lake sturgeon, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.184, issue.6, pp.1306-1316, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90269-8

J. J. Godin and L. A. Dugatkin, Female mating preference for bold males in the guppy, Poecilia reticulata., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, vol.93, issue.19, pp.10262-10267, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.19.10262

J. Gutiérrez, J. Pérez, I. Navarro, S. Zanuy, and M. Carrillo, Changes in plasma glucagon and insulin associated with fasting in sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax), Fish Physiology and Biochemistry, vol.194, issue.2, pp.111-123, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02265126

L. A. Harrenstien, S. J. Tornquist, T. J. Miller-morgan, B. G. Fodness, and K. E. Clifford, Evaluation of a point-of-care blood analyzer and determination of reference ranges for blood parameters in rockfish, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, vol.226, issue.2, pp.255-265, 2005.
DOI : 10.2460/javma.2005.226.255

R. S. Hayward, D. B. Noltie, and N. Wang, Use of Compensatory Growth to Double Hybrid Sunfish Growth Rates, Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, vol.126, issue.2, pp.316-322, 1997.
DOI : 10.1577/1548-8659(1997)126<0316:NUOCGT>2.3.CO;2

M. J. Heilman and R. E. Spieler, The daily feeding rhythm to demand feeders and the effects of timed meal-feeding on the growth of juvenile Florida pompano, Trachinotus carolinus, Aquaculture, vol.180, issue.1-2, pp.53-64, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0044-8486(99)00140-4

M. Jobling and B. M. Baardvick, The influence of environmental manipulations on inter- and intra-individual variation in food acquisition and growth performance of Arctic charr, Salvelinus alpinus, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.20, issue.6, pp.1069-1087, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(90)90281-Q

M. Jobling, J. Koskela, and S. Winberg, Feeding and growth of whitefish fed restricted and abundant rations: influences on growth heterogeneity and brain serotonergic activity, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.179, issue.2, pp.437-449, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00190404

M. K. Kim and R. T. Lovell, Effect of restricted feeding regimens on compensatory weight gain and body tissue changes in channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus in ponds, Aquaculture, vol.135, issue.4, pp.285-293, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(95)01027-0

J. M. Koolhaas, S. M. Korte, S. F. De-boer, B. J. Van-der-vegt, C. G. Van-reenen et al., Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology, Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, vol.23, issue.7, pp.925-935, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0149-7634(99)00026-3

G. C. Laurence, Comparative swimming abilities of fed and starved larval largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides)+, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.73-78, 1972.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1972.tb05654.x

S. L. Lima, M. M. Anders-pape-møller, and J. B. Peter, Stress and Decision Making under the Risk of Predation: Recent Developments from Behavioral, Reproductive, and Ecological Perspectives, Adv. Study Behav, pp.215-290, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0065-3454(08)60366-6

R. M. Love, The Chemical Biology of Fishes, 1980.

C. I. Martins, M. Aanyu, J. W. Schrama, and J. A. Verreth, Size distribution in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) affects feeding behaviour but not growth, Aquaculture, vol.250, issue.1-2, pp.300-307, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2005.05.034

S. Millot, Domestication, selection et comportement du bar. Variabilité des aptitudes comportementales et de la tolérance au stress de groupes génétiquement distincts de bar, Dicentrarchus labrax, Thèse doc, p.pp, 2008.

S. Millot and M. Bégout, ) under self-demand feeding conditions, Aquatic Living Resources, vol.22, issue.3, pp.363-370, 2009.
DOI : 10.1051/alr/2009048

S. Millot, M. Bégout, and B. Chatain, Exploration behaviour and flight response toward a stimulus in three sea bass strains (Dicentrarchus labrax L.), Applied Animal Behaviour Science, vol.119, issue.1-2, pp.108-114, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.applanim.2009.03.009

M. J. Muller, U. Paschen, and H. J. Seits, Glucose production measured by tracer and balance data in conscious miniature pig, Am. J. Physiol, vol.244, pp.236-244, 1983.

E. Neubert, C. Scholze, J. Kratzsch, and H. Gurtler, Plasma Levels of Catecholamines and Lipolysis During Starvation in Growing Pigs, Journal of Veterinary Medicine Series A, vol.46, issue.4, pp.247-253, 1999.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1439-0442.1999.00213.x

A. G. Nicieza and N. B. Metcalfe, GROWTH COMPENSATION IN JUVENILE ATLANTIC SALMON: RESPONSES TO DEPRESSED TEMPERATURE AND FOOD AVAILABILITY, Ecology, vol.78, issue.8, pp.2385-2400, 1997.
DOI : 10.1126/science.182.4119.1305

O. Connor, K. I. Taylor, A. C. Metcalfe, and N. B. , The stability of standard metabolic rate during a period of food deprivation in juvenile Atlantic salmon, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.181, issue.Suppl., pp.41-51, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8649.2000.tb00774.x

Ø. Øverli, C. Sørensen, and G. E. Nilsson, Behavioral indicators of stress-coping style in rainbow trout: Do males and females react differently to novelty?, Physiology & Behavior, vol.87, issue.3, pp.506-512, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physbeh.2005.11.012

M. Paspatis and T. Boujard, A comparative study of automatic feeding and self-feeding in juvenile Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) fed diets of different energy levels, Aquaculture, vol.145, issue.1-4, pp.245-257, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/S0044-8486(96)01336-1

A. J. Paul, J. M. Paul, and R. L. Smith, Compensatory growth in Alaska yellowfin sole, Pleuronectes asper, following food deprivation, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.47, issue.3, pp.442-448, 1995.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1095-8649.1991.tb03110.x

X. Qian, Y. Cui, B. Xiong, and Y. Yang, Compensatory growth, feed utilization and activity in gibel carp, following feed deprivation, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.63, issue.1, pp.228-232, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(85)90049-3

D. Réale, B. Y. Gallant, M. Leblanc, and M. Festa-bianchet, Consistency of temperament in bighorn ewes and correlates with behaviour and life history, Animal Behaviour, vol.60, issue.5, pp.589-597, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/anbe.2000.1530

D. Réale, S. M. Reader, D. Sol, P. T. Mcdougall, and N. J. Dingemanse, Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution, Biological Reviews, vol.56, issue.2, pp.291-318, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0091-6773(76)90901-9

J. A. Rice, L. B. Crowder, and F. P. Binkowski, ): Starvation and Vulnerability to Predation, Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, vol.44, issue.2, pp.467-472, 1987.
DOI : 10.1139/f87-055

F. S. Rios, A. L. Kalinin, and F. T. Rantin, The effects of long-term food deprivation on respiration and haematology of the neotropical fish Hoplias malabaricus, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.181, issue.1, pp.85-95, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-5687(99)00041-9

V. C. Rubio, M. Vivas, A. Sanchez-mut, F. J. Sanchez-vazquez, D. Coves et al., Self-feeding of European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax, L.) under laboratory and farming conditions using a string sensor, Aquaculture, vol.233, issue.1-4, pp.393-403, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2003.10.011

N. R. Russell and R. J. Wootton, Appetite and growth compensation in the European minnow,Phoxinus phoxinus (Cyprinidae), following short periods of food restriction, Environmental Biology of Fishes, vol.35, issue.1, pp.277-285, 1992.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00004774

F. J. Sánchez-vázquez, M. Azzaydi, F. J. Martinez, S. Zamora, and J. A. Madrid, Annual Rhythms of Demand-Feeding Activity in Sea Bass: Evidence of a Seasonal Phase Inversion of the Diel Feeding Pattern, Chronobiology International, vol.8, issue.6, pp.607-622, 1998.
DOI : 10.3109/07420529808993197

F. J. Sánchez-vázquez, J. A. Madrid, and S. Zamora, Circadian Rhythms of Feeding Activity in Sea Bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L.: Dual Phasing Capacity of Diel Demand-Feeding Pattern, Journal of Biological Rhythms, vol.44, issue.10, pp.256-266, 1995.
DOI : 10.1177/074873049501000308

F. J. Sánchez-vázquez, T. Yamamoto, T. Akiyama, J. A. Madrid, and M. Tabata, Macronutrient Self-Selection Through Demand-Feeders in Rainbow Trout, Physiology & Behavior, vol.66, issue.1, pp.45-51, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-9384(98)00313-8

A. Sih, A. Bell, C. Johnson, and J. , Behavioral syndromes: an ecological and evolutionary overview, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.19, issue.7, pp.372-378, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.tree.2004.04.009

F. Sluyter, L. Arseneault, T. E. Moffitt, A. H. Veenema, S. De-boer et al., Toward an animal model for antisocial behavior: parallels between mice and humans, Behavior Genetics, vol.33, issue.5, pp.563-574, 2003.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1025730901955

L. U. Sneddon, The bold and the shy: individual differences in rainbow trout, Journal of Fish Biology, vol.62, issue.4, pp.971-975, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-5347(94)90134-1

T. Storebakken, S. S. Hung, C. C. Calvert, and E. M. Plisetskaya, Nutrient partitioning in rainbow trout at different feeding rates, Aquaculture, vol.96, issue.2, pp.191-203, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0044-8486(91)90149-2

E. Van-riel, O. C. Meijer, A. H. Veenema, and M. Joels, Hippocampal Serotonin Responses in Short and Long Attack Latency Mice, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.2, issue.3, pp.234-239, 2002.
DOI : 10.1046/j.0007-1331.2001.00770.x

A. H. Veenema, O. C. Meijer, E. R. De-kloet, and J. M. Koolhaas, Genetic Selection For Coping Style Predicts Stressor Susceptibility, Journal of Neuroendocrinology, vol.58, issue.3, pp.256-267, 2003.
DOI : 10.1046/j.1365-2826.2003.00986.x

A. J. Ward, M. M. Webster, and P. J. Hart, Intraspecific food competition in fishes, Fish and Fisheries, vol.51, issue.4, pp.231-261, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01344333

A. H. Weatherley and H. S. Gill, The Biology of Fish Growth, p.443, 1987.

E. E. Werner and B. R. Anholt, Ecological Consequences of the Trade-Off between Growth and Mortality Rates Mediated by Foraging Activity, The American Naturalist, vol.142, issue.2, pp.242-272, 1993.
DOI : 10.1086/285537

S. Winberg and G. R. Nilsson, Roles of brain monoamine neurotransmitters in agonistic behaviour and stress reactions, with particular %HUHMLNLDQ%$7KHHIIHFWVRIKDWFKHU\DQGZLOGDQFHVWU\DQGH[SHULHQFHRQWKHUHODWLYH DELOLW\RIVWHHOKHDGWURXWIU\2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVVWRRDYRLGGDEHQWKLFSUHGDWRU&DQQ- )LVK$TXDW6FL, 1993.

D. Skdupdfrorjlfdovwxg\-%hkdy%udlq5hv, 6WHHQEHUJHQ 3-5LFKDUGVRQ 0

L. Vhohfwlrq, 9. Vpdoo-srsxodwlrqv-*-hqhwlfv6hohfwlrq-(-yroxwlrq-9dqghsxwwh0-'xsrqw1lyhw0+diiud\3&kdydqqh+&hqdghool63dudwl, $. &xqmdn, and . Uhduhgmxyhqlohhvhdwurxww6doprwuxwwd, UHQW 3-:LHSNHPD 35 &RQVLVWHQW, XURSHDQVHDEDVV'LFHQWUDUFKXVODEUD[LQVHSDUDWHDQGPL[HGWDQNV $TXDFXOWXUH 9HUEHHN 0HQQH\'05H]QLFN'1'RIDVWHU VWDUWVLQFUHDVHWKHSUREDELOLW\RIHYDGLQJSUHGDWRUV")XQFW(FRO :DUGOH &6 )LVK EHKDYLRXU DQG ILVKLQJ JHDU ,Q 3LWFKHU 7-(G %HKDYLRXU RI 7HOHRVW)LVKHVQGHV PpWKRGHVGHO LQIpUHQFHVWDWLVWLTXH/HV3UHVVHVDJURQRPLTXHV*HPEORX[S 'HOOHIRUV & -RKQVVRQ -, ), p.5

0. , Q. Idploldulw\, and . Vkrdolqj-ehkdylrxulq7h, DUPHU 1$ 5LEEOH '2

-. Ohplqj, $. , $. %hkdy, and /. Grphvwlfdwlrq, RROKDDV-0, RUWH60'H%RHU6)9DQ'HU9HJW%

%. %hkdy-&ryqv-'%hdxfkdxg-0 and $. %rxfkxw, LOG&DXJKW *XSSLHV (WKRORJ\ &KLYHUV '3 6PLWK 5-) ), HV PpWKRGHVGHO LQIpUHQFHVWDWLVWLTXH/HV3UHVVHVDJURQRPLTXHV*HPEORX[S 'HOOHIRUV&-RKQVVRQ-,)RUDJLQJXQGHUULVNRISUHGDWLRQLQZLOGDQGKDWFKHU\UHDUHG MXYHQLOHVHDWURXW6DOPRWUXWWD/1RUG-)UHVKZ5HV

$. '. Soxulho and . Txdfxowxuh, LQJHPDQVH 1-.D]HP $-1 5pDOH, *UDQLH & 7LTXHW ) /H *XLOORX 6 4XLOOHW ( :KDW FORQHV WHOO XV DERXW JHQHWLF GHWHUPLQLVP RI SKHQRW\SLF SODVWLFLW\ LQ UDLQERZ WURXW 2QFRUK\QFKXVP\NLVV$TXDFXOWXUH66 ( (LQXP6)OHPLQJ,$*HQHWLFGLYHUJHQFHDQGLQWHUDFWLRQVLQWKHZLOGDPRQJQDWLYH IDUPHGDQGK\EULG$WODQWLFVDOPRQ-)LVK%LRO