U. Courant and C. , 31 L'agent représentatif

. Des-agents-autonomes-dans-un-environnement-complexe..., 35 2.2.1 Des anticipations rationnelles à la rationalité limitée, p.35

.. De-la-rationalité-limitée-À-la-rationalité-procédurale, 36 2.2.3 L'ajustement comme principe directeur, p.37

L. Objets-des-sphères-réelle-et-monétaire, .. De-la-sphère-réelle, and .. , 89 La force de travail, p.92

.. Prix-et-profits-dans-un-contexte-d-'incertitude-radicale, 288 11.1.1 Le markup, une heuristique post-keynésienne

J. Alliot, N. Et, and . Durand, Algorithmes génétiques, 2005.

F. Amblard, J. Rouchier, and E. P. Bommel, Evaluation et validation de modèles multiagents, " dans Modélisation et simulation multi-agents, applications pour les Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, Hermes-Sciences Lavoisier, pp.87-122, 2006.

J. Arifovic, EVOLUTIONARY ALGORITHMS IN MACROECONOMIC MODELS, Macroeconomic Dynamics, vol.4, issue.3, pp.373-414, 2000.
DOI : 10.1017/S1365100500016059

W. B. Arthur, Complexity and the Economy, Science, vol.284, issue.5411, pp.107-109, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.284.5411.107

R. Axelrod, The Evolution of cooperation. Basic Books, 1984.

R. Axelrod, W. D. Et, and . Hamilton, The evolution of cooperation, Science, vol.211, issue.4489, pp.1390-1396, 1981.
DOI : 10.1126/science.7466396

R. Axtell, Multi-Agent Systems Macro : A Prospectus The Complexity of Exchange La fin des débuts pour les systèmes multi-agents en sciences sociales, " dans Modélisation et simulation multi-agents, applications pour les Sciences de l'Homme, The Brookings Institution. The Economic Journal, vol.115, issue.504, pp.193-210, 2004.

P. Hermes-sciences-lavoisier, What economic agents do : How cognition and interaction lead to emergence and complexity, The Review of Austrian Economics, vol.20, pp.2-3, 2007.

H. Bougrine, M. Et, and . Seccareccia, Le rôle des impôts dans l'économie nationale, Théories monétaires Post Keynésiennes, 2003.

T. Brenner, Agent Learning Representation -Advice in Modelling Economic Learning, " dans Handbook of computational economics, pp.895-947, 2006.

C. Bruun, Agent-Based Keynesian Economics -Simulating a Monetary Production System Bottom-Up, 1999.

C. Bruun, C. Et, and . Heyn-johnsen, The Paradox of Monetary Profits: An Obstacle to Understanding Financial and Economic Crisis?, SSRN Electronic Journal, pp.2009-52, 2009.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.1726756

M. Buchanan, Economics: Meltdown modelling, Nature, vol.460, issue.7256, pp.680-682, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/460680a

W. B. Cannon, The wisdom of the body. Kegan, Trench and Trubner, 1932.

R. Chelouah, P. Et, and . Siarry, Genetic and Nelder???Mead algorithms hybridized for a more accurate global optimization of continuous multiminima functions, European Journal of Operational Research, vol.148, issue.2, pp.335-348, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-2217(02)00401-0

J. W. Chinneck, Heuristics for Discrete Search : Genetic Algorithms and Simulated Annealing, 2006.

S. Cincotti, M. Raberto, and E. A. Teglio, Credit Money and Macroeconomic Instability in the Agent-based Model and Simulator Eurace Economics : The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E-Journal, 2010.

K. J. Cohen, Simulation of the Firm, The American Economic Review, vol.50, issue.2, pp.534-540, 1960.

K. J. Cohen, R. M. Et, and . Cyert, Computer Models in Dynamic Economics, The Quarterly Journal of Economics, vol.75, issue.1, pp.112-127, 1961.
DOI : 10.2307/1883207

D. Colander, Complexity and the History of Economic Though, 2008.

D. Colander, H. Föllmer, A. Haas, M. Goldberg, K. Juselius et al., The Financial Crisis and the Systemic Failure of Academic Economics, 2009.

D. Colander, P. Howitt, A. Kirman, A. Leijonhufvud, and E. P. Mehrling, Beyond DSGE Models: Toward an Empirically Based Macroeconomics, American Economic Review, vol.98, issue.2, pp.98-236, 2008.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.98.2.236

M. A. Copeland, Social Accounting for Moneyflows, The Accounting Review, vol.24, issue.3, pp.254-264, 1949.

K. Coutts, W. Godley, and E. W. Nordhaus, Industrial Pricing in the United Kingdom, 1978.

R. M. Cyert, J. G. Et, and . March, A Behavioral Theory of The Firm, 1963.

P. Davidson, Quels sont les éléments essentiels de la théorie monétaire post-keynésienne ?, Théories monétaires Post Keynésiennes, 2003.

H. Dawid, S. Gemkow, P. Harting, and E. M. Neugart, On the Effects of Skill Upgrading in the Presence of Spatial Labor Market Frictions : An Agent- Based Analysis of Spatial Policy Design, Journal of Artificial Societies and Social Simulation, vol.12, issue.5, 2009.

H. Dawid, S. Gemkow, P. Harting, S. Van-der-hoog, and E. M. Neugart, The Eurace@Unibi Model: An Agent-Based Macroeconomic Model for Economic Policy Analysis, SSRN Electronic Journal, 2011.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.2408969

H. Dawid, P. Et, and . Harting, Capturing Firm Behavior in Agent-based Models of Industry Evolution and Macroeconomic Dynamics, 2010.
DOI : 10.4337/9780857930897.00014

D. Gatti, D. , E. Gaffeo, and E. M. Gallegati, Complex agent-based macroeconomics: a manifesto for a new paradigm, Journal of Economic Interaction and Coordination, vol.64, issue.2, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s11403-010-0064-8

D. Gatti, D. , E. Gaffeo, M. Gallegati, G. Giulioni et al., Emergent macroeconomics : an Agent-Based Approach to Business Fluctuations, 2008.

T. Desell, B. Szymanski, and E. C. Varela, An asynchronous hybrid genetic-simplex search for modeling the Milky Way galaxy using volunteer computing, Proceedings of the 10th annual conference on Genetic and evolutionary computation, GECCO '08, pp.921-928, 2008.
DOI : 10.1145/1389095.1389273

G. Dosi, G. Fagiolo, and E. A. Roventini, Animal Spirits, Lumpy Investment , and Endogenous Business Cycles LEM papers series, Laboratory of Economics and Management (LEM), Sant'Anna School of Advanced Studies Schumpeter Meeting Keynes : A Policy-Friendly Model of Endogenous Growth and Business Cycles, Working Papers, vol.50, 2005.

J. Dréo, A. Pétrowski, and E. P. Siarry, Métaheuristiques pour l'optimisation difficile, 2011.

J. Duffy, Agent-Based Models and Human Subject Experiments, " dans Handbook of computational economics, pp.949-1011, 2006.

G. Duménil, D. Et, and . Lévy, The dynamics of competition: a restoration of the classical analysis, La dynamique du capital, pp.133-164, 1987.
DOI : 10.1093/oxfordjournals.cje.a035020

F. Dupont, E. Et, and . Reus, Le profit macroéconomique monétaire, Economie appliquée, vol.XLII, issue.2, pp.87-114, 1989.

N. Durand, J. Et, and . Alliot, A Combined Nelder-Mead Simplex and Genetic Algorithm, dans GECCO' 99 : Proceedings of the Genetic and Evolutionary Computation Conference, pp.921-928, 1999.
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00937736

J. M. Epstein, Agent-based computational models and generative social science, Complexity, vol.3, issue.5, pp.41-60, 1999.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-0526(199905/06)4:5<41::AID-CPLX9>3.0.CO;2-F

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.118.546

J. D. Farmer, D. Et, and . Foley, The economy needs agent-based modelling, Nature, vol.455, issue.7256, pp.685-686, 2009.
DOI : 10.1038/460685a

J. D. Farmer, J. Et, and . Geanakoplos, The virtues and vices of equilibrium and the future of financial economics, Complexity, vol.41, issue.2, 2009.
DOI : 10.1002/cplx.20261

J. D. Farmer, P. Patelli, and I. I. Zovko, The predictive power of zero intelligence in financial markets, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, vol.102, issue.6, 2005.

J. Ferber, Introduction aux concepts et méthodologies de conception multi-agents, " dans Modélisation et simulation multi-agents, applications pour les Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, Hermes-Sciences Lavoisier, pp.11-36, 2006.

F. Davanzati, G. Et, R. R. Fontana, and E. R. Realfonzo, Bank Mergers, Monopoly Power and Unemployment : A Monetary Circuit Approach, " dans Monetary Theory of Production Tradition and Perspectives, pp.155-171, 2005.

S. Franklin, A. Et, and . Graesser, Is It an agent, or just a program?: A taxonomy for autonomous agents, dans Proceedings of the Third International Workshop on Agent Theories, Architectures, and Languages, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0013570

E. Gaffeo, M. Catalano, F. Clementi, D. Delli-gatti, M. Gallegati et al., Reflections on modern macroeconomics: Can we travel along a safer road?, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol.382, issue.1, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.physa.2007.02.011

M. Gallegati, A. Et, and . Kirman, Beyond the representative agent, E. Elgar, Cheltenham, 1999.

V. Ginot and H. Monod, Explorer les modèles par la simulation : application aux analyses de sensibilité, " dans Modélisation et simulation multi-agents, applications pour les Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, Hermes- Sciences Lavoisier, pp.61-86, 2006.

H. Gintis, The Emergence of a Price System from Decentralized Bilateral Exchange, Contributions in Theoretical Economics, vol.6, issue.1, 2006.
DOI : 10.2202/1534-5971.1302

S. Gloria-palermo, In search of the right tool, From formalism to constructivist modelling, 2011.

F. Glover, Future paths for integer programming and links to artificial intelligence, Computers & Operations Research, vol.13, issue.5, pp.533-549, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0305-0548(86)90048-1

D. K. Gode, S. Et, and . Sunder, Allocative Efficiency of Markets with Zero-Intelligence Traders: Market as a Partial Substitute for Individual Rationality, Journal of Political Economy, vol.101, issue.1, pp.119-137, 1993.
DOI : 10.1086/261868

W. Godley, Money, finance and national income determination : An integrated approach, 1996.

W. Godley, M. Et, and . Lavoie, Monetary economics, An Integrated Approach to Credit, Money, Income, Production and Wealth, 2007.

A. Graziani, The theory of the monetary circuit Microéconomie et macroéconomie : à qui la priorité ? The Monetary Theory of Production, Théories monétaires Post Keynésiennes, pp.7-36, 1990.

C. G. Hempel, P. Et, and . Oppenheim, Studies in the Logic of Explanation, Philosophy of Science, vol.15, issue.2, pp.135-175, 1948.
DOI : 10.1086/286983

J. Henry, M. Et, and . Seccareccia, La théorie post-keynésienne : contributions et essais de synthèse -Introduction, " l'Actualité économique, pp.5-16, 1982.

A. O. Hirschman, Exit, Voice, and Loyalty : Responses to Decline in Firms, Organizations, and States, 1970.

J. H. Holland, Adaptation in natural and artificial systems, Complex Adaptive Systems Daedalus, vol.121, issue.1, 1975.

P. Howitt, Macroeconomics with Intelligent Autonomous Agents, " dans Macroeconomics in the small and the large : essays on microfoundations, macroeconomic applications and economic history in honor of Axel Leijonhufvud, pp.157-177, 2008.

M. Kalecki, Essays in the Theory of Economic Fluctuations, Allen & Unwin, 1939.

J. M. Keynes, A tract on monetary reform On a theory of a monetary economy de The collected writings of The General Theory of Employment The General Theory of Employment, The General Theory and After : A supplement, pp.7-9, 1923.

. St, Théorie générale de l'emploi, de l'intérêt et de la monnaie Relative Movements of Real Wages and Output, The Economic Journal, p.49, 0193.

A. P. Kirman, Whom or What Does the Representative Individual Represent?, Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol.6, issue.2, 1992.
DOI : 10.1257/jep.6.2.117

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.401.3947

C. G. Langton, Studying artificial life with cellular automata, Physica D: Nonlinear Phenomena, vol.22, issue.1-3, pp.191-221, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0167-2789(86)90237-X

URL : http://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/26022/1/0000093.pdf

M. Lavoie, Endogenous money and the post-Keynesians, L'Actualit?? ??conomique, vol.58, issue.1-2, pp.191-221, 1982.
DOI : 10.7202/601019ar

T. Macroéconomie, P. Dunod, and A. Elgar, Foundations of Post-Keynesian Economic Analysis A Primer on Endogenous Credit-money La monnaie endogène dans un cadre théorique et comptable cohérent, Document de Travail, University of Ottawa. Economica, Paris, pp.143-161, 1987.

M. Lavoie, W. Et, and . Godley, Kaleckian Models of Growth in a Coherent Stock-Flow Monetary Framework: A Kaldorian View, Journal of Post Keynesian Economics, vol.12, issue.3, pp.277-311, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/1991374

L. Bourva and J. , La theorie de l'inflation le rapport des experts et l'operation de decembre 1958, Revue ??conomique, vol.10, issue.5, pp.713-754, 1959.
DOI : 10.2307/3498456

J. Legay, Introduction à l'étude des modèles à compartiments, ) : L'expérience et le modèle : un discours sur la méthode. Institut national de la recherche agronomique, 1973.

A. Leijonhufvud, Agent-based macro, " dans Handbook of Computational Economics, pp.1625-1637, 2006.

R. Marks, Market Design Using Agent-Based Models, " dans Handbook of Computational Economics, pp.1349-1380, 2006.

K. Marx, Travail salarié et capital. Editions en langues étrangères Editions sociales, Salaire, prix et profit. Editions en langues étrangères, 1847.

M. Messori, A. Et, and . Zazzaro, Monetary profits within the circuit : Ponzi finance or 'mors tua, vita mea' ?, 2004.

H. G. Minsky, E. E. Deleplace, and . Nell, The essential characteristics of Post Keynesian economics, " dans Money in Motion : The Circulation and Post-Keynesian Approaches, pp.532-545, 1996.

B. J. Moore, L'endogénéité de l'offre de monnaie : fixe-t-on le prix ou la quantité des réserves ?, Economica, 2003.

J. Nelder, R. Et, and . Mead, A Simplex Method for Function Minimization, The Computer Journal, vol.7, issue.4, pp.308-313, 1965.
DOI : 10.1093/comjnl/7.4.308

URL : http://comjnl.oxfordjournals.org/cgi/content/short/7/4/308

R. Nelson, S. Et, and . Winter, An evolutionary theory of economic change, 1982.

I. H. Osman, J. P. Et, and . Kelly, Meta-Heuristics: An Overview, 1996.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4613-1361-8_1

T. I. Palley, Monnaie endogène : signification et portée, Théories monétaires Post Keynésiennes, 2003.

A. P. Parguez, L. Piégay, and . Rochon, Monnaie et macroéconomie Monnaie et capitalisme : la théorie générale du circuit The Solution of the Paradox of Profits in Money, Credit and the State, Théories monétaires Post Keynésiennes Arena, et N. Salvadori, pp.263-276, 1975.

D. Phan, Agent-Based Computational Economics and Cognitive Economics Document de Travail, GET-ENST de Bretagne and ICI-Universit´e de Bretagne Occidentale Modélisation et simulation multi-agents en économie et sciences sociales comme compléments des formalismes classiques, " dans Modélisation et simulation multi-agents, applications pour les Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, pp.231-236, 2003.

E. Ramat, Introduction à la modélisation et à la simulation à événements discrets, " dans Modélisation et simulation multi-agents, applications pour les Sciences de l'Homme et de la Société, Hermes-Sciences Lavoisier, pp.37-60, 2006.

J. Renders, S. P. Et, and . Flasse, Hybrid methods using genetic algorithms for global optimization, IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man and Cybernetics, Part B (Cybernetics), vol.26, issue.2, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/3477.485836

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.471.5489

J. Robinson, Essays in the Theory of Economic Growth, 1962.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-349-00626-7

L. Rochon, The Creation and Circulation of Endogenous Money: A Circuit Dynamique Approach, Journal of Economic Issues, vol.29, issue.1, pp.1-21, 1999.
DOI : 10.1080/01603477.1986.11489612

E. R. Fontana and . Realfonzo, The existence of Monetary Profits within the Monetary Circuit, " dans Monetary Theory of Production Tradition and Perspectives, 2005.

L. Rochon, M. Et, and . Vernengo, La monnaie d'Etat et le monde réel : le malaise du chartalisme, Economica, 2003.

E. M. Rogers, Diffusion of innovations, 1962.

S. Rossi, E. R. Fontana, and . Realfonzo, Central Banking in a Monetary Theory of Production : The Economics of Payment Finality from a Circular-Flow Perspective, " dans Monetary Theory of Production Tradition and Perspectives, pp.139-151, 2005.

T. J. Sargent, Bounded rationality in macroeconomics : the Arne Ryde memorial lectures, 1993.

T. C. Schelling, Dynamic models of segregation???, The Journal of Mathematical Sociology, vol.1, issue.2, pp.143-186, 1971.
DOI : 10.2307/213133

P. Seppecher and . Greqam, Un modèle macroéconomique multi-agents avec monnaie endogène Document de Travail Dysfonctionnement bancaire, bulle du crédit et instabilité macroéconomique dans une économie monétaire dynamique et complexe Revue économique Stratégies évolutionnaires dans un modèle macroéconomique dynamique et complexe peuplé d'agents hétérogènes, autonomes et concurrents Document de Travail, Groupe de travail Analyses et modélisation postkeynésiennes Flexibility of wages and macroeconomic instability in an agentbased computational model with endogenous money, Macroeconomic Dynamics, vol.61, issue.3s2, p.16, 2009.

H. A. Simon, Theories of decisions-making in economics The American Economic review Administrative Behavior. The free press The architecture of complexity Rationality in psychology and economics Models of My Life. Basic Books Economics, bounded rationality and the cognitive revolution The Science of the artificial, Les sciences de l'artificiel. Gallimard, pp.99-118, 1955.

I. Small, The Cyclicality of Mark-Ups and Profit Margins: Some Evidence for Manufacturing and Services, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.72, 1997.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.115037

R. Solow, Building a Science of Economics for the Real World, House Committee on Science and Technology, Subcommittee on Investigations and Over- sight, 2010.

J. Stiglitz, M. Et, and . Gallegati, Heterogeneous Interacting Agent Models for Understanding Monetary Economies, Eastern Economic Journal, vol.40, issue.6, pp.6-12, 2011.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511615207

S. Labini and P. , La théorie des prix en régime d'oligopole et la théorie du développement, 1971.

A. Ségura, Le profit et l???int??r??t dans le circuit, L'Actualit?? ??conomique, vol.71, issue.1, p.71, 1995.
DOI : 10.7202/602166ar

R. Taouil, Le statut problématique du markup dans la macroéconomie de Kalecki, 2007.

L. Tesfatsion, Agent-Based Computational Economics Document de Travail Agent-based computational economics : a constructive approach to economic theory, " dans Handbook of computational economics, Tesfatsion, et K. L. Judd, 2003.

J. Tobin, Money and Finance in the Macroeconomic Process, Cowles foundation for research in economics at Yale university, pp.171-204, 1982.
DOI : 10.2307/1991638

T. Vallée, M. Et, and . Yildizoglu, Présentation des algorithmes génétiques et de leurs applications en économie Working Papers 2001-3, Equipe Industries Innovation Institutions, Présentation des algorithmes génétiques et de leurs applications en économie Revue d'Economie Politique, pp.711-745, 2001.

N. J. Vriend, ACE Models of Endogenous Interaction, " dans Handbook of computational economics, 2006.

L. Walras, Elements of Pure Economics, 1954.

P. Wegner, Concepts and paradigms of object-oriented programming, ACM SIGPLAN OOPS Messenger, vol.1, issue.1, pp.7-87, 1990.
DOI : 10.1145/382192.383004

L. R. Wray, L'approche post-keynésienne de la monnaie, Théories monétaires Post Keynésiennes, 2003.

I. Wright, Implicit Microfoundations for Macroeconomics Economics : The Open-Access, Open-Assessment E, Journal, vol.3, 2009.

G. Zezza, Godley and Graziani: Stock-flow Consistent Monetary Circuits, 2011.
DOI : 10.1057/9780230367357_8