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. De-nombreux-travaux-théoriques and . Expérimentaux, Les recherches ont convergé vers deux principales descriptions de l'état fondamental du système diamétralement opposées. D'une part, la solution "champ-moyen" nécessite une brisure de symétrie non triviale, et l'état fondamental est composé de multiples états organisés en une structure hiérarchique. D'autre part, une approche de "gouttelettes" , fondée sur la dynamique hors-équilibre d'un état fondamental unique. La validation expérimentale d'une de ces deux théories nécessite une observation détaillée de l'échantillon au niveau microscopique. La physique mésoscopique, basée sur les eets d'interférences électroniques , propose un outil unique pour accéder à cette conguration microscopique des impuretés : les uctuations universelles de conductance. En eet, ces uctuations représentent une empreinte unique du désordre dans l'échantillon. Ce travail présente la mise en ÷uvre de mesures de uctuations de conductance universelles dans les verres de spin, Étant considéré comme un système modèle des verres en général Les eets d'interférences électroniques étant sensibles aux processus de décohérence du verre de spin, ils donnent accès expérimentalement à de nouvelles quantités concernant les excitations du système. La mesure des corrélations entre les empreintes du désordre permet quant à elle d'explorer sous un angle nouveau l'ordre non conventionnel de cet état vitreux