, A Model for Particle Microphysics, Turbulent Mixing, and Radiative Transfer in the Stratocumulus-Topped Marine Boundary Layer and Comparisons with Measurements, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.52, issue.8, pp.1204-1236, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<1204:AMFPMT>2.0.CO;2
, Adaptation and application of a quantitative rainfall forecasting model in a mountainous region, Journal of Hydrology, vol.184, issue.3-4, pp.243-259, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0022-1694(95)02977-X
, Numerical Collision Efficiencies for Small Raindrops Colliding with Micron Size Particles, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.31, issue.2, pp.543-550, 1974.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<0543:NCEFSR>2.0.CO;2
, Terminal Velocity and Shape of Cloud and Precipitation Drops Aloft, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.33, issue.5, pp.851-864, 1976.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033<0851:TVASOC>2.0.CO;2
, Terminal Velocity Adjustment for Cloud and Precipitation Drops Aloft, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.34, issue.8, pp.1293-1298, 1977.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1293:TVAFCA>2.0.CO;2
, Equations for Calculating the Terminal Velocities of Water Drops, Journal of Applied Meteorology, vol.13, issue.1, pp.108-113, 1973.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0450(1974)013<0108:EFCTTV>2.0.CO;2
, An Analysis of Cloud Drop Growth by Collection: Part I. Double Distributions, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.31, issue.7, pp.688-701, 1974.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1814:AAOCDG>2.0.CO;2
, An Analysis of Cloud Drop Growth by Collection Part II. Single Initial Distributions, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.31, issue.7, pp.1814-1974, 1974.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1974)031<1825:AAOCDG>2.0.CO;2
, A Positive Definite Advection Scheme Obtained by Nonlinear Renormalization of the Advective Fluxes, Monthly Weather Review, vol.117, issue.5, pp.1006-1015
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1989)117<1006:APDASO>2.0.CO;2
, A numerical model of the cloud-topped planetary boundary-layer: Radiation, turbulence and spectral microphysics in marine stratus, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.55, issue.531, pp.633-667, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712253105
, A Flux Method for the Numerical Solution of the Stochastic Collection Equation, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.55, issue.13, pp.2284-2293
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<2284:AFMFTN>2.0.CO;2
, A Flux Method for the Numerical Solution of the Stochastic Collection Equation: Extension to Two-Dimensional Particle Distributions, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.57, issue.2, pp.284-294, 2000.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2000)057<0284:AFMFTN>2.0.CO;2
, Improvements of Droplet Size Distribution Measurements with the Fast-FSSP (Forward Scattering Spectrometer Probe), Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, vol.15, issue.5, pp.1077-1090, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0426(1998)015<1077:IODSDM>2.0.CO;2
, Radiative properties of boundary layer clouds : Droplets effective radius versus number concentration, J. Atmos. Sci, vol.57, pp.803-821, 2000.
, A two-moment parameterization of aerosol nucleation and impaction scavenging for a warm cloud microphysics: description and results from a two-dimensional simulation, Atmospheric Research, vol.70, issue.3-4, pp.171-208, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.atmosres.2004.01.002
, Intercomparison and interpretation of climate feedback processes in 19 atmospheric general circulation models, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.92, issue.D10, pp.16601-16615, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JD095iD10p16601
, CCN measurements during ACE-2 and their relationship to cloud microphysical properties, pp.843-867, 2000.
, Numerical Modeling of the Dynamics and Microphysics of Warm Cumulus Convection, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.30, issue.5, pp.857-878, 1973.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0857:NMOTDA>2.0.CO;2
, A small-scale dynamic model using a terrain-following coordinate transformation, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.24, issue.2, pp.186-215, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(77)90057-2
, On the Evolution and Stability of Finite-Amplitude Mountain Waves, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.34, issue.11, pp.1715-1730, 1977.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1715:OTEASO>2.0.CO;2
, Numerical Simulations with a Three-Dimensional Cloud Model: Lateral Boundary Condition Experiments and Multicellular Severe Storm Simulations, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.36, issue.11, pp.2191-2215, 1979.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1979)036<2191:NSWATD>2.0.CO;2
, Three-Dimensional Numerical Model Simulations of Airflow Over Mountainous Terrain: A Comparison with Observations, Monthly Weather Review, vol.110, issue.7, pp.766-791, 1982.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1982)110<0766:TDNMSO>2.0.CO;2
, Severe Downslope Windstorm Calculations in Two and Three Spatial Dimensions Using Anelastic Interactive Grid Nesting: A Possible Mechanism for Gustiness, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.41, issue.3, pp.329-350, 1984.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<0329:SDWCIT>2.0.CO;2
, Critical Level Reflection and the Resonant Growth of Nonlinear Mountain Waves, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.41, issue.21, pp.3122-3234, 1984.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1984)041<3122:CLRATR>2.0.CO;2
, Multi-domain simulations of the time dependent navier-stokes equations: Benchmark error analysis of some nesting procedures, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.92, issue.2, pp.456-481, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(91)90218-A
, Two- and Three-Dimensional Simulations of the 9 January 1989 Severe Boulder Windstorm: Comparison with Observations, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.51, issue.16, pp.2317-2343, 1994.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1994)051<2317:TATDSO>2.0.CO;2
, Source code documentation for the Clark-Hall cloud scale model, code version G3CH01 ; NCAR/TN426+STRNCAR Technical Note, 1996.
, A comprehensive two-moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. I: Description and tests, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.42, issue.48, pp.1815-1842, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656613
, A comprehensive two-moment warm microphysical bulk scheme. II: 2D experiments with a non-hydrostatic model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.38, issue.566, pp.1843-1860, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712656614
, Hail Growth by Stochastic Collection in a Cumulus Model, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.29, issue.1, pp.135-155, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0135:HGBSCI>2.0.CO;2
, Collisions of Small Cloud Droplets: Gas Kinetic Effects, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.29, issue.5, pp.911-915, 1972.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1972)029<0911:COSCDG>2.0.CO;2
, Numerical simulations of stratocumulus processing of cloud condensation nuclei through collision-coalescence, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.46, issue.D16, pp.21391-21402, 1996.
DOI : 10.1029/96JD01552
, Simulations of marine stratocumulus using a new microphysical parameterization scheme, Atmospheric Research, vol.47, issue.48, pp.47-48, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8095(98)00058-1
, A Theoretical Study of the Wet Removal of Atmospheric Pollutants. Part I: The Redistribution of Aerosol Particles Captured through Nucleation and Impaction Scavenging by Growing Cloud Drops, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.42, issue.6, pp.583-606, 1985.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1985)042<0583:ATSOTW>2.0.CO;2
, Gas Simultaneously Scavenged by Growing Cloud Drops, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.44, issue.20, pp.2912-2923, 1987.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1987)044<2912:ATSOTW>2.0.CO;2
, Particles by a Convective Cloud Using a Two-Dimensional Cloud Dynamics Model, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.45, issue.13, pp.1857-1871, 1988.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1988)045<1857:ATSOTW>2.0.CO;2
, The scavenging of two different types of marine aerosol particles using a two-dimensional detailed cloud model, pp.301-321, 1990.
, The scavenging of two different types of marine aerosol particles using a two-dimensional detailed cloud model, pp.301-321, 1991.
, The effect of the impaction scavenging efficiency on the wet deposition by a convective warm cloud, pp.34-39, 1993.
, A 2-D spectral model simulation of the scavenging of gaseous and particulate sulfate by a warm marine cloud, Atmospheric Research, vol.32, issue.1-4, pp.233-248
DOI : 10.1016/0169-8095(94)90063-9
, Mesoscale modelling of clouds and aerosol particles, 1996.
, Interaction of Aerosol Particles and Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.55, issue.5, pp.879-887, 1998.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1998)055<0879:IOAPAC>2.0.CO;2
, Microphysics of Marine Stratocumulus Clouds with Two Drizzle Modes, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.53, issue.12, pp.1649-1662, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<1649:MOMSCW>2.0.CO;2
, Simulation de la physico-chimie des nuages qui se forment dans l'écoulement orographique autour du Puy de Dôme. Thèse de l'Université Blaise Pascal, Clermont-Ferrand, 172 pp. Hall, W.D., 1980 : A detailed microphysical model within a two-dimensional dynamic framework : Model description and preliminary results, Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, vol.37, pp.2486-2506, 1999.
, The effect of cloud-processing of aerosol particles on clouds and radiation, Tellus B: Chemical and Physical Meteorology, vol.55, issue.37, pp.478-490, 1998.
DOI : 10.3402/tellusb.v50i5.16232
, Aerosol size distributions and optical properties found in the marine boundary layer over the Atlantic Ocean, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.20, issue.D4, pp.3659-3686, 1990.
DOI : 10.1029/JD095iD04p03659
, Aerosol physics and chemistry, 1988.
, The collision efficiency of small drops, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.90, issue.417, pp.681-683, 1972.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49709841717
, A climate model study of indirect radiative forcing by anthropogenic sulphate aerosols, Nature, vol.370, issue.6489, pp.450-453, 1994.
DOI : 10.1038/370450a0
, 1969 : On the distribution and continuity of water substance in atmospheric circulation, Meteorol. Monorg, vol.10, p.84
, Notes on the state-of-the-art numerical modeling of cloud microphysics, Atmospheric Research, vol.55, issue.3-4, pp.159-224, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8095(00)00064-8
, Simulation of deep convective clouds with sustained supercooled liquid water down to -37.5 C using a spectral microphysics model, Geophys. Res. Let, pp.3887-3890, 2001.
, Theoretical Collision Efficiencies of Cloud Droplets at Small Reynolds Numbers, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.30, issue.1, pp.107-117, 1973.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1973)030<0107:TCEOCD>2.0.CO;2
, TECHNIQUES FOR PROBING CLOUD MICROSTRUCTURE, p.pp, 1981.
DOI : 10.1016/B978-0-12-350720-4.50007-7
, The Simulation of a Convective Cloud in a 3-D Model With Explicit Microphysics. Part I: Model Description and Sensitivity Experiments, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.48, issue.9, pp.1160-1189, 1990.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1991)048<1160:TSOACC>2.0.CO;2
, The effect of CCN regeneration on the evolution of stratocumulus cloud layers, Atmospheric Research, vol.33, issue.1-4, pp.137-150, 1994.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-8095(94)90017-5
, Modeling of Stratocumulus Cloud Layers in a Large Eddy Simulation Model with Explicit Microphysics, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.52, issue.16, pp.2923-2940, 1995.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1995)052<2923:MOSCLI>2.0.CO;2
, The nucleus in and the growth of hygroscopic droplets, Trans. Faraday Soc., vol.32, issue.0, pp.1152-1161, 1936.
DOI : 10.1039/TF9363201152
, A Numerical Determination of the Evolution of Cloud Drop Spectra due to Condensation on Natural Aerosol Particles, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.37, issue.8, pp.1839-1853, 1980.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1980)037<1839:ANDOTE>2.0.CO;2
, Signature des aérosols dans les systèmes convectifs orographiques, 2001.
, Collision Efficiency of Water Drops in the Atmosphere, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.32, issue.7, pp.1412-1418, 1975.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1975)032<1412:CEOWDI>2.0.CO;2
, Smithsonian Meteorological Tables, 6th rev, 1951.
, Anthropogenic influences on the chemical and physical properties of aerosols in the Atlantic subtropical region during July 1994 and July 1995, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.261, issue.D12, pp.14309-14319, 1994.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900131
, Microphysical properties of stratocumulus clouds during ACE-2, Tellus B, vol.52, issue.2, pp.868-887, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00076.x
, An observational study of drizzle formation in stratocumulus clouds for general circulation model (GCM) parameterizations Physical retrieval of over-ocean rain rate from multichannel microwave imagery. Part I : Theoretical characteristics of normalized polarization and scattering indices, J. Geophys. Res. Meteorol. Atmos. Phys, vol.108, issue.54, pp.10-1029, 1994.
, CCN sensitivity of a warm precipitation event over fine scale orography with an advanced microphysical scheme, Atmospheric Research, vol.59, issue.60, pp.59-60, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8095(01)00128-4
, Temporal variability of summer-time ozone and aerosols in the free troposphere over the eastern North Atlantic, Geophys. res. Lett, vol.22, pp.2925-2928, 1995.
, The 2nd Aerosol Characterization Experiment (ACE-2) : general overview and main results, pp.111-125, 2000.
, Explicit forecasting of supercooled liquid water in winter storms using the MM5 mesoscale model, Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, vol.21, issue.548, pp.1071-1107, 1998.
DOI : 10.1002/qj.49712454804
, A Numerical Investigation of the Effect of Electric Charges and Vertical External Electric Fields on the Collision Efficiency of Cloud Drops, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.33, issue.9, pp.1747-1755, 1976.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1976)033<1747:ANIOTE>2.0.CO;2
, Effect of vertical layering on nadir radiance observations, oral presentation, EGU, 1st general assembly A double-moment parameterization for simulating autoconversion, accretion and selfcollection, Atmos. res, pp.59-60, 2001.
, A Numerical Study of Collision Efficiencies and Coalescence Parameters for Droplet Pairs with Radii up to 300 Microns, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.28, issue.5, pp.741-755, 1971.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1971)028<0741:ANSOCE>2.0.CO;2
, Sensitivity of the Earth's radiation budget to changes in low clouds, Nature, vol.343, issue.6253, pp.49-51, 1990.
DOI : 10.1038/343049a0
, A Simple Positive Definite Advection Scheme with Small Implicit Diffusion, Monthly Weather Review, vol.111, issue.3, pp.479-486, 1982.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1983)111<0479:ASPDAS>2.0.CO;2
, A fully multidimensional positive definite advection transport algorithm with small implicit diffusion, Journal of Computational Physics, vol.54, issue.2, pp.325-362
DOI : 10.1016/0021-9991(84)90121-9
, Cloud condensation nuclei and cloud droplet measurements during ACE-2, Tellus B, vol.52, issue.2, pp.828-842, 2000.
DOI : 10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00044.x
URL : http://doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-0889.2000.00044.x
, Chemistry and aerosols in the marine boundary layer : 1-D modelling of the three ACE-2 Lagrangian experiments, Atmospheric Environment, vol.34, pp.5079-5094, 2000.
, Elements of the Microphysical Structure of Numerically Simulated Nonprecipitating Stratocumulus, Elements of the microphysical structure of numerically simulated nonprecipitating statocumulus, pp.980-1006, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1996)053<0980:EOTMSO>2.0.CO;2
, A critique of one-and twodimensional models of boundary layer clouds with a binned representations of drop microphysics, Atmospheric Research, vol.48, pp.529-553, 1998.
, Simple two-dimensional kinematic framework designed to test warm rain microphysical models, Atmospheric Research, vol.45, issue.4, pp.299-326, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8095(97)00082-3
, Warm Rain Development in a Three-Dimensional Cloud Model, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.38, issue.9, pp.1991-2013, 1981.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1981)038<1991:WRDIAT>2.0.CO;2
, The Forward???in-Time Upstream Advection Scheme: Extension to Higher Orders, Monthly Weather Review, vol.115, issue.2, pp.540-555, 1987.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0493(1987)115<0540:TFTUAS>2.0.CO;2
, The Influence of Pollution on the Shortwave Albedo of Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.34, issue.7, pp.1149-1152, 1977.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1149:TIOPOT>2.0.CO;2
, The 2nd aerosol characterization experiment (ACE-2) : meteorological and chemical context, pp.126-140, 2000.
, New RAMS cloud microphysics parameterization part I: the single-moment scheme, Atmospheric Research, vol.38, issue.1-4, pp.29-62, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-8095(94)00087-T
, An Experimental Determination of the Efficiency with Which Aerosol Particles are Collected by Water Drops in Subsaturated Air, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.34, issue.10, pp.1664-1669, 1977.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1977)034<1664:AEDOTE>2.0.CO;2
, On the Effect of Electric Charges on the Scavenging of Aerosol Particles by Clouds and Small Raindrops, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.35, issue.9, pp.1735-1743, 1978.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(1978)035<1735:OTEOEC>2.0.CO;2
, Turbulence, Condensation, and Liquid Water Transport in Numerically Simulated Nonprecipitating Stratocumulus Clouds, Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences, vol.60, issue.2, pp.262-278, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0469(2003)060<0262:TCALWT>2.0.CO;2
, Comparison of observed and modelled hailstone spectra during a severe storm over the Northern Pyrenean foothills, Atmospheric Research, vol.67, issue.68, pp.67-68, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8095(03)00081-4
, Modification of mineral dust particles by cloud processing and subsequent effects on drop size distributions, Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres, vol.97, issue.48, pp.4501-4512, 2000.
DOI : 10.1029/1999JD900980