A. Abarzúa and P. Moreno, Changing fire regimes in the temperate rainforest region of southern Chile over the last 16,000 yr, Quaternary Research, vol.5, issue.01, pp.62-71, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.001

A. Abarzúa, C. Villagrán, and P. Moreno, Deglacial and postglacial climate history in east-central Isla Grande De Chilo??, Southern Chile (43??S), Quaternary Research, vol.17, issue.01, pp.49-59, 2004.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00059.x

P. Aceituno and A. Montecinos, Stability analysis of the relation between the Southern Oscillation and rainfall in South America (in Spanish), pp.53-61, 1993.

R. Alley, The Younger Dryas cold interval as viewed from central Greenland, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.19, issue.1-5, pp.213-226, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-3791(99)00062-1

R. Alley and P. Clark, THE DEGLACIATION OF THE NORTHERN HEMISPHERE: A Global Perspective, Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, vol.27, issue.1, pp.149-182, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.earth.27.1.149

J. Amigo and C. Ramírez, A bioclimatic classification of Chile: woodland communities in the temperate zone, Plant Ecology, vol.136, issue.1, pp.9-26, 1998.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1009714201917

R. Anderson, S. Ali, L. Bradtmiller, S. Nielsen, M. Fleisher et al., Wind-Driven Upwelling in the Southern Ocean and the Deglacial Rise in Atmospheric CO2, Science, vol.323, issue.5920, pp.1443-1448, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1167441

C. Aracena, C. Lange, L. Iriarte, J. Rebolledo, L. Pantoja et al., Latitudinal patterns of export production recorded in surface sediments of the Chilean Patagonian fjords (41???55??S) as a response to water column productivity, Continental Shelf Research, vol.31, issue.3-4, pp.340-355, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csr.2010.08.008

D. Ariztegui, M. Bianchi, J. Massaferro, E. Lafargue, and F. Niessen, Interhemispheric synchrony of Late-glacial climatic instability as recorded in proglacial Lake Mascardi, Argentina, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.19, issue.4, pp.333-338, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199707/08)12:4<333::AID-JQS312>3.0.CO;2-0

A. Ashworth and J. Hoganson, The magnitude and rapidity of the climate change marking the end of the Pleistocene in the mid-latitudes of South America, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.101, issue.3-4, pp.263-270, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-0182(93)90018-E

A. Ashworth, V. Markgraf, and C. Villagrán, Late Quaternary climatic history of the Chilean Channels based on fossil pollen and beetle analyses, with an analysis of the modern vegetation and pollen rain, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.20, issue.4, pp.279-291, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/jqs.3390060403

P. Baker, G. Seltzer, S. Fritz, R. Dunbar, M. Grove et al., The History of South American Tropical Precipitation for the Past 25,000 Years, Science, vol.291, issue.5504, pp.640-643, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.291.5504.640

M. Batist, N. Fagel, M. Loutre, and E. Chapron, 900-year multi-proxy lacustrine record of Lago Puyehue (Chilean Lake District): introduction, J. Paleolimnol, vol.17, issue.39, pp.151-161, 2007.

K. Bennett, 23: a C program for analysing pollen data and plotting pollen diagrams. INQUA Commission for the study of the Holocene: Working group on data-handling methods, Newletter, vol.11, issue.2, pp.4-6, 1994.

K. Bennett, S. Haberle, and S. Lumley, The Last Glacial-Holocene Transition in Southern Chile, Science, vol.290, issue.5490, pp.325-328, 2000.
DOI : 10.1126/science.290.5490.325

A. Berger and M. Loutre, Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.10, issue.4, pp.297-317, 1991.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-3791(91)90033-Q

M. Blaauw, Methods and code for ???classical??? age-modelling of radiocarbon sequences, Quaternary Geochronology, vol.5, issue.5, pp.512-518, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quageo.2010.01.002

T. Blunier and E. Brook, Timing of Millennial-Scale Climate Change in Antarctica and Greenland During the Last Glacial Period, Science, vol.291, issue.5501, pp.109-112, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.291.5501.109

G. Bond, H. Heinrich, W. Broecker, L. Labeyrie, J. Mcmanus et al., Evidence for massive discharges of icebergs into the North Atlantic ocean during the last glacial period, Nature, vol.360, issue.6401, pp.245-249, 1992.
DOI : 10.1038/360245a0

G. Bond, B. Kromer, J. Beer, R. Muscheler, M. Evans et al., Persistent Solar Influence on North Atlantic Climate During the Holocene, Science, vol.294, issue.5549, pp.2130-2136, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1065680

A. Bordon, O. Peyron, A. Lézine, S. Brewer, and E. Fouache, Pollen-inferred Late-Glacial and Holocene climate in southern Balkans (Lake Maliq), Quaternary International, vol.200, issue.1-2, pp.19-30, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.05.014
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00419712

A. Borromei, Análisis polínico de una turbera holocénica en el Valle de Andorra, Argentina. Rev. Chil. Hist. Nat, vol.68, pp.311-319, 1995.

A. Borromei, A. Coronato, L. Franzén, J. Ponce, J. Sáez et al., Multiproxy record of Holocene paleoenvironmental change, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.286, issue.1-2, pp.1-16, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2009.11.033

A. Borromei, A. Coronato, M. Quattrocchio, J. Rabassa, S. Grill et al., Late Pleistocene???Holocene environments in Valle Carbajal, Tierra del Fuego, Argentina, Journal of South American Earth Sciences, vol.23, issue.4, pp.321-335, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jsames.2007.02.008

W. Broecker, Paleocean circulation during the Last Deglaciation: A bipolar seesaw?, Paleoceanography, vol.11, issue.2, pp.119-121, 1998.
DOI : 10.1029/97PA03707

M. Carel, G. Siani, and G. Delpech, Tephrostratigraphy of a deep-sea sediment sequence off the south Chilean margin: New insight into the Hudson volcanic activity since the last glacial period, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.208, issue.3-4, pp.99-111, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2011.09.011

F. Di-castri and E. Hajek, Bioclimatologia de Chile Vicerrectoria academica de la universidad catolica de Chile, p.128, 1976.

E. Chapron, D. Ariztegui, S. Mulsow, G. Villarosa, M. Pino et al., Impact of the 1960 major subduction earthquake in Northern Patagonia (Chile, Argentina), Quaternary International, vol.158, issue.1, pp.58-71, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.05.017

R. Cheddadi, H. Lamb, J. Guiot, and S. Van-der-kaars, Holocene climatic change in Morocco: a quantitative reconstruction from pollen data, Climate Dynamics, vol.14, issue.12, pp.883-890, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003820050262
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01457641

G. Chmura, A. Smirnov, and I. Campbell, Pollen transport through distributaries and depositional patterns in coastal waters, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.149, issue.1-4, pp.257-270, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)00205-3

C. Clapperton and D. Sugden, Holocene glacier fluctuations in South America and Antarctica, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.7, issue.2, pp.185-190, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-3791(88)90005-4

C. Clapperton, D. Sugden, D. Kaufman, and R. Mcculloch, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.1, issue.02, pp.133-148, 1995.
DOI : 10.1006/qres.1995.1058

C. Nebout, N. Peyron, O. Dormoy, I. Desprat, S. Beaudouin et al., Rapid climatic variability in the west Mediterranean during the last 25 000 years from high resolution pollen data, Climate of the Past, vol.5, issue.3, pp.503-521, 2009.
DOI : 10.5194/cp-5-503-2009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00419566

C. Nebout, N. Turon, J. Zahn, R. Capotondi, L. Londeix et al., Enhanced aridity and atmospheric high-pressure stability over the western Mediterranean during the North Atlantic cold events of the past 50 k.y., Geology, vol.30, issue.10, pp.863-866, 2002.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(2002)030<0863:EAAAHP>2.0.CO;2

J. Conroy, J. Overpeck, J. Cole, T. Shanahan, and M. Steinitz-kannan, Holocene changes in eastern tropical Pacific climate inferred from a Gal??pagos lake sediment record, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.27, issue.11-12, pp.1166-1180, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.02.015

A. Coronato, F. Coronato, E. Mazzoni, and M. Vázquez, The Physical Geography of Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego. Dans The Late Cenozoic of Patagonia and Tierra del, pp.13-55, 2008.

T. Crowley, North Atlantic Deep Water cools the southern hemisphere, Paleoceanography, vol.242, issue.4, pp.489-497, 1992.
DOI : 10.1029/92PA01058

G. Denton, R. Anderson, J. Toggweiler, R. Edwards, J. Schaefer et al., The Last Glacial Termination, Science, vol.328, issue.5986, pp.1652-1656, 2010.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1184119

G. Denton, T. Lowell, C. Heusser, P. Moreno, B. Andersen et al., Interhemispheric Linkage of Paleoclimate During the Last Glaciation, Geografiska Annaler, Series A: Physical Geography, vol.81, issue.2, pp.107-153, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0435-3676.1999.00055.x

G. Denton, T. Lowell, C. Heusser, C. Schluchter, B. Andersen et al., Geomorphology, Stratigraphy, and Radiocarbon Chronology of Llanquihue Drift in the Area of the Southern Lake District, pp.167-229, 1999.

S. Desprat, S. Goñi, M. Naughton, F. Turon, J. Duprat et al., 25. Climate variability of the last five isotopic interglacials: Direct land-sea-ice correlation from the multiproxy analysis of North-Western Iberian margin deep-sea cores, The Climate of Past Interglacials p, pp.375-386, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S1571-0866(07)80050-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00419566

C. Donoso, Distribución ecológica, de las especies de Nothofagus en la zona mesomórfica, Boletín Técnico Fac. Ciencias Forestales Universidad de Chile, vol.33, pp.5-21, 1975.

C. Donoso, Bosques Templados de Chile y Argentina, p.484, 1993.

I. Dormoy, O. Peyron, C. Nebout, N. Goring, S. Kotthoff et al., Terrestrial climate variability and seasonality changes in the Mediterranean region between 15 000 and 4000 years BP deduced from marine pollen records, Climate of the Past, vol.5, issue.4, pp.615-632, 2009.
DOI : 10.5194/cp-5-615-2009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00419720

D. Douglass, B. Singer, M. Kaplan, R. Ackert, D. Mickelson et al., Evidence of early Holocene glacial advances in southern South America from cosmogenic surface-exposure dating, Geology, vol.33, issue.3, pp.237-240, 2005.
DOI : 10.1130/G21144.1

L. Dupont, Vegetation zones in NW Africa during the brunhes chron reconstructed from marine palynological data, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.12, issue.3, pp.189-202, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-3791(93)90053-O

L. Dupont and U. Wyputta, Reconstructing pathways of aeolian pollen transport to the marine sediments along the coastline of SW Africa, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.22, issue.2-4, pp.157-174, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-3791(02)00032-X

K. Faegri and J. Iversen, Textbook of Pollen Analysis, p.237, 1975.

M. Fesq-martin, A. Friedmann, M. Peters, J. Behrmann, and R. Kilian, Late-glacial and Holocene vegetation history of the Magellanic rain forest in southwestern Patagonia, Chile, Vegetation History and Archaeobotany, vol.New, issue.4, pp.249-255, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00334-004-0047-6

M. Fletcher and P. Moreno, Zonally symmetric changes in the strength and position of the Southern Westerlies drove atmospheric CO2 variations over the past 14 k.y., Geology, vol.39, issue.5, pp.419-422, 2011.
DOI : 10.1130/G31807.1

W. Fletcher, S. Goñi, M. Allen, J. Cheddadi, R. Combourieu-nebout et al., Millennial-scale variability during the last glacial in vegetation records from Europe, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.29, issue.21-22, pp.2839-2864, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.015

R. Gajardo, La Végétation naturelle du Chili : proposition d'un système de classification et représentation de la distribution géographique, 1987.

R. Gajardo, La vegetación natural de Chile : clasificación y distribución geográfica Editorial Universitaria, p.165, 1994.

R. Garreaud, Precipitation and Circulation Covariability in the Extratropics, Journal of Climate, vol.20, issue.18, pp.4789-4797, 2007.
DOI : 10.1175/JCLI4257.1

R. Garreaud, M. Vuille, R. Compagnucci, and J. Marengo, Present-day South American climate, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.281, issue.3-4, pp.180-195, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.10.032

A. Gilli, F. Anselmetti, D. Ariztegui, J. Bradbury, K. Kelts et al., Tracking abrupt climate change in the Southern Hemisphere: a seismic stratigraphic study of Lago Cardiel, Argentina (49oS), Terra Nova, vol.271, issue.6, pp.443-448, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/29386

A. Gilli, D. Ariztegui, F. Anselmetti, J. Mckenzie, V. Markgraf et al., Mid-Holocene strengthening of the Southern Westerlies in South America ??? Sedimentological evidences from Lago Cardiel, Argentina (49??S), Global and Planetary Change, vol.49, issue.1-2, pp.75-93, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2005.05.004

N. Glasser, S. Harrison, V. Winchester, and M. Aniya, Late Pleistocene and Holocene palaeoclimate and glacier fluctuations in Patagonia, Global and Planetary Change, vol.43, issue.1-2, pp.79-101, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.gloplacha.2004.03.002

E. Godley, The Botany of Southern Chile in Relation to New Zealand and the Subantarctic, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.152, issue.949, pp.457-475, 1960.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1960.0054

O. Gonzalez-ferran, Volcanes de Chile Instituto Geografico Militar, p.635, 1995.

J. Grieser, R. Giommes, and M. Bernardi, New_LocClim -the Local Climate Estimator of FAO, Geophysical Research Abstracts, vol.8, p.8305, 2006.

E. Grimm, CONISS: a FORTRAN 77 program for stratigraphically constrained cluster analysis by the method of incremental sum of squares, Computers & Geosciences, vol.13, issue.1, pp.13-35, 1987.
DOI : 10.1016/0098-3004(87)90022-7

J. Groot and C. Groot, Marine palynology: Possibilities, limitations, problems, Marine Geology, vol.4, issue.6, pp.387-395, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(66)90007-7

J. Guiot, Methodology of the last climatic cycle reconstruction in France from pollen data, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.80, issue.1, pp.49-69, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-0182(90)90033-4
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01457563

S. Haberle and K. Bennett, Modern pollen rain and lake mud???water interface geochemistry along environmental gradients in southern Chile, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.117, issue.1-3, pp.93-107, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-6667(01)00079-3

S. Haberle and K. Bennett, Postglacial formation and dynamics of North Patagonian Rainforest in the Chonos Archipelago, Southern Chile, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.23, issue.23-24, pp.2433-2452, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2004.03.001

S. Haberle and S. Lumley, Age and origin of tephras recorded in postglacial lake sediments to the west of the southern Andes, 44??S to 47??S, Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, vol.84, issue.3-4, pp.239-256, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0377-0273(98)00037-7

T. Haberzettl, H. Corbella, F. M. Janssen, S. Lücke, A. Mayr et al., Lateglacial and Holocene wet--dry cycles in southern Patagonia: chronology, sedimentology and geochemistry of a lacustrine record from Laguna Potrok Aike, Argentina, The Holocene, vol.17, issue.3, pp.297-310, 2007.
DOI : 10.1177/0959683607076437

I. Hajdas, G. Bonani, P. Moreno, and D. Ariztegui, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.81, issue.9, pp.70-78, 2003.
DOI : 10.1126/science.282.5395.1858

A. Havinga, Investigation into the differential corrosion susceptibility of pollen and spores, Pollen et Spores, vol.6, pp.621-635, 1964.

H. Heinrich, Origin and Consequences of Cyclic Ice Rafting in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean During the Past 130,000 Years, Quaternary Research, vol.34, issue.02, pp.142-152, 1988.
DOI : 10.1007/BF01449756

C. Heusser, Late-Pleistocene Environments of the Laguna de San Rafael Area, Chile, Geographical Review, vol.50, issue.4, pp.555-577, 1960.
DOI : 10.2307/212310

C. Heusser, Late-Pleistocene Pollen Diagrams from the Province of Llanquihue, Southern Chile. P. Am, Philos. Soc, vol.110, pp.269-305, 1966.

C. Heusser, Pollen and Spores of Chile The University of, p.171, 1971.

C. Heusser, Southern Westerlies during the Last Glacial Maximum, Quaternary Research, vol.12, issue.03, pp.423-425, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0377-8398(79)90018-5

C. Heusser, Late Quaternary forest-steppe contact zone, Isla Grande de Tierra del Fuego, subantarctic South America, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.12, issue.3, pp.169-177, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0277-3791(93)90051-M

C. Heusser, Three Late Quaternary pollen diagrams from Southern Patagonia and their palaeoecological implications, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.118, issue.1-2, pp.1-24, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-0182(94)00138-X

C. Heusser, On glaciation of the southern Andes with special reference to the Pen????nsula de Taitao and adjacent Andean cordillera (???46??30???s), Journal of South American Earth Sciences, vol.15, issue.5, pp.577-589, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0895-9811(02)00076-7

C. Heusser, Ice age Southern Andes -A chronicle of paleoecological events Developments in Quaternary Science, 2003.

C. Heusser and R. Flint, Quaternary glaciations and environments of northern Isla Chilo??, Chile, Geology, vol.5, issue.5, pp.305-308, 1977.
DOI : 10.1130/0091-7613(1977)5<305:QGAEON>2.0.CO;2

C. Heusser and L. Florer, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.1, issue.04, pp.661-670, 1973.
DOI : 10.1126/science.144.3624.1334

C. Heusser, G. Denton, A. Hauser, B. Andersen, and T. Lowell, Quaternary pollen records from the Archipiélago de Chiloé in the context of glaciation and climate, Rev. Geol. Chile, vol.22, pp.25-46, 1995.

C. Heusser, T. Lowell, L. Heusser, A. Hauser, B. Andersen et al., Full-glacial ??? late-glacial palaeoclimate of the Southern Andes: evidence from pollen, beetle and glacial records, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.8, issue.3, pp.173-184, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199605/06)11:3<173::AID-JQS237>3.0.CO;2-5

C. Heusser, S. Streeter, and M. Stuiver, Temperature and precipitation record in southern Chile extended to ???43,000 yr ago, Nature, vol.194, issue.5836, pp.65-67, 1981.
DOI : 10.1038/294065a0

L. Heusser and W. Balsam, Pollen Distribution in the Northeast Pacific Ocean, Quaternary Research, vol.7, issue.01, pp.45-62, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(66)90010-7

L. Heusser, C. Heusser, and N. Pisias, Vegetation and climate dynamics of southern Chile during the past 50,000 years: results of ODP Site 1233 pollen analysis, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.25, issue.5-6, pp.474-485, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.04.009

L. Heusser, C. Heusser, A. Kleczkowski, and S. Crowhurst, 000-yr Pollen Record from Chile of South American Millennial-Scale Climate Instability during the Last Glaciation, Quaternary Res, vol.50, issue.52, pp.154-158, 1999.

L. Heusser, C. Heusser, A. Mix, and J. Mcmanus, Chilean and Southeast Pacific paleoclimate variations during the last glacial cycle: directly correlated pollen and ??18O records from ODP Site 1234, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.25, issue.23-24, pp.3404-3415, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.03.011

J. Hollin and D. Shilling, Late Wisconsin?Weichselianmountain glaciers and small ice caps. Dans The Last Great Ice Sheets, pp.179-220, 1981.

H. Hooghiemstra, Palynological Records from Northwest African Marine Sediments: A General Outline of the Interpretation of the Pollen Signal [and Discussion], Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.318, issue.1191, pp.431-449, 1988.
DOI : 10.1098/rstb.1988.0018

H. Hooghiemstra, C. Agwu, and H. Beug, Pollen and spore distribution in recent marine sediments : A record of NW-African seasonal wind patterns and vegetation belts, Meteor Forschungs Ergebnisse, vol.40, pp.87-135, 1986.

H. Hooghiemstra, A. Lézine, S. Leroy, L. Dupont, and F. Marret, Late Quaternary palynology in marine sediments: A synthesis of the understanding of pollen distribution patterns in the NW African setting, Quaternary International, vol.148, issue.1, pp.29-44, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2005.11.005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00908417

U. Huber, V. Markgraf, and F. Schäbitz, Geographical and temporal trends in Late Quaternary fire histories of Fuego-Patagonia, South America, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.23, issue.9-10, pp.1079-1097, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2003.11.002

C. Huetz-de-lemps, La végétation de la Terre Masson et Cie, p.50, 1970.

B. Huntley, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.7, issue.03, pp.360-376, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0033-5894(87)90036-6

W. Hutson, The Agulhas Current During the Late Pleistocene: Analysis of Modern Faunal Analogs, Science, vol.207, issue.4426, pp.64-66, 1980.
DOI : 10.1126/science.207.4426.64

B. Ingram and J. Southon, Reservoir Ages in Eastern Pacific Coastal and Estuarine Waters, Radiocarbon, vol.29, issue.03, pp.573-582, 1996.
DOI : 10.1038/320520a0

B. Jenny, D. Wilhelm, and B. Valero-garcés, The southern westerlies in central Chile : holocene precipitation estimates based on a water balance model for Laguna Aculeo (33°50'S), Clim. Dynam, vol.20, pp.269-280, 2003.

J. Jouzel, R. Vaikmae, J. Petit, M. Martin, Y. Duclos et al., The two-step shape and timing of the last deglaciation in Antarctica, Climate Dynamics, vol.11, issue.3, pp.151-161, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00223498

J. Kaiser, F. Lamy, and D. Hebbeln, A 70-kyr sea surface temperature record off southern Chile (Ocean Drilling Program Site 1233), Paleoceanography, vol.19, issue.23, pp.1-15, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2005PA001146

J. Kaiser, E. Schefuß, F. Lamy, M. Mohtadi, and D. Hebbeln, Glacial to Holocene changes in sea surface temperature and coastal vegetation in north central Chile: high versus low latitude forcing, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.27, issue.21-22, pp.2064-2075, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.08.025

E. Kalnay, M. Kanamitsu, R. Kistler, W. Collins, D. Deaven et al., The NCEP/NCAR 40-Year Reanalysis Project, Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society, vol.77, issue.3, pp.437-471, 1996.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0477(1996)077<0437:TNYRP>2.0.CO;2

M. Kaplan, R. Ackert, B. Singer, D. Douglass, and M. Kurz, Cosmogenic nuclide chronology of millennial-scale glacial advances during O-isotope stage 2 in Patagonia, Geological Society of America Bulletin, vol.116, issue.3, pp.308-321, 2004.
DOI : 10.1130/B25178.1

C. Kissel, Magnetic signature of rapid climatic variations in glacial North Atlantic, a review, Comptes Rendus Geoscience, vol.337, issue.10-11, pp.908-918, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.crte.2005.04.009

G. Knorr and G. Lohmann, Southern Ocean origin for the resumption of Atlantic thermohaline circulation during deglaciation, Nature, vol.424, issue.6948, pp.532-536, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature01855

E. Koreneva, Marine palynological researches in the U.S.S.R., Marine Geology, vol.4, issue.6, pp.565-574, 1966.
DOI : 10.1016/0025-3227(66)90016-8

U. Kotthoff, U. Müller, J. Pross, G. Schmiedl, I. Lawson et al., Lateglacial and Holocene vegetation dynamics in the Aegean region: an integrated view based on pollen data from marine and terrestrial archives, The Holocene, vol.18, issue.2, pp.1019-1032, 2008.
DOI : 10.1177/0959683608095573

A. Koutavas, J. Lynch-stieglitz, T. Marchitto, and J. Sachs, El Nino-Like Pattern in Ice Age Tropical Pacific Sea Surface Temperature, Science, vol.297, issue.5579, pp.226-230, 2002.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1072376

F. Lamy and J. Kaiser, Glacial to Holocene Paleoceanographic and Continental Paleoclimate Reconstructions Based on ODP Site 1233/GeoB 3313 Off Southern Chile, Past Climate Variability in South America and Surrounding Regions, pp.129-156, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/978-90-481-2672-9_6

F. Lamy, D. Hebbeln, and G. Wefer, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.11, issue.01, pp.83-93, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-0182(98)90052-9

F. Lamy, D. Hebbeln, U. Röhl, and G. Wefer, Holocene rainfall variability in southern Chile: a marine record of latitudinal shifts of the Southern Westerlies, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.185, issue.3-4, pp.369-382, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0012-821X(00)00381-2

F. Lamy, J. Kaiser, H. Arz, D. Hebbeln, U. Ninnemann et al., Modulation of the bipolar seesaw in the Southeast Pacific during Termination 1, Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol.259, issue.3-4, pp.400-413, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.epsl.2007.04.040

F. Lamy, J. Kaiser, U. Ninnemann, D. Hebbeln, H. Arz et al., Antarctic Timing of Surface Water Changes off Chile and Patagonian Ice Sheet Response, Science, vol.304, issue.5679, pp.1959-1962, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1097863

F. Lamy, R. Kilian, H. Arz, J. Francois, J. Kaiser et al., Holocene changes in the position and intensity of the southern westerly wind belt, Nature Geoscience, vol.10, issue.10, pp.695-699, 2010.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo959

B. Lemieux-dudon, E. Blayo, J. Petit, C. Waelbroeck, A. Svensson et al., Consistent dating for Antarctic and Greenland ice cores, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.29, issue.1-2, pp.8-20, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.11.010
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00562239

F. Luebert and P. Pliscoff, Classification de pisios de vegetatacion y anlysis de representatividad ecologica de areas propuesta para la proteccion en la ecoregion valdivia Serie de publicationes WWF Chile Programa Ecoregion Valdivia, p.174, 2004.

S. Lumley and R. Switsur, Late quaternary chronology of the Taitao Peninsula, southern Chile, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.37, issue.2, pp.161-165, 1993.
DOI : 10.1002/jqs.3390080208

M. Magny, O. Peyron, E. Gauthier, Y. Rouèche, A. Bordon et al., Quantitative reconstruction of climatic variations during the Bronze and early Iron ages based on pollen and lake-level data in the NW Alps, France, Quaternary International, vol.200, issue.1-2, pp.102-110, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2008.03.011
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00446344

M. Mancini, Holocene vegetation and climate changes from a peat pollen record of the forest ??? steppe ecotone, Southwest of Patagonia (Argentina), Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.28, issue.15-16, pp.1490-1497, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.01.017

R. Marchant, L. Almeida, H. Behling, J. Berrio, M. Bush et al., Distribution and ecology of parent taxa of pollen lodged within the Latin American Pollen Database, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.121, issue.1, pp.1-75, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-6667(02)00082-9

V. Markgraf, Reply to C. J. Heusser's ???Southern Westerlies during the Last Glacial Maximum???, Quaternary Research, vol.2, issue.03, pp.426-432, 1989.
DOI : 10.1080/01916122.1983.9989252

V. Markgraf, Paleoenvironments and paleoclimates in Tierra del Fuego and southernmost Patagonia, South America, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.102, issue.1-2, pp.53-68, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0031-0182(93)90005-4

V. Markgraf and H. Antoni, Pollen Flora of Argentina The University of Arizona Press, p.208, 1978.

V. Markgraf and U. Huber, Late and postglacial vegetation and fire history in Southern Patagonia and Tierra del Fuego, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.297, issue.2, pp.351-366, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.08.013

V. Markgraf, M. Mcglone, and G. Hope, Neogene paleoenvironmental and paleoclimatic change in southern temperate ecosystems ??? a southern perspective, Trends in Ecology & Evolution, vol.10, issue.4, pp.143-147, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-5347(00)89023-0

V. Markgraf, R. Webb, K. Anderson, and L. Anderson, Modern pollen/climate calibration for southern South America, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.181, issue.4, pp.375-397, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00414-X

V. Markgraf, C. Whitlock, and S. Haberle, Vegetation and fire history during the last 18,000??cal yr B.P. in Southern Patagonia: Mall??n Pollux, Coyhaique, Province Ais??n (45??41???30??? S, 71??50???30??? W, 640??m elevation), Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.254, issue.3-4, pp.492-507, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2007.07.008

J. Massaferro and S. Brooks, Response of chironomids to Late Quaternary environmental change in the Taitao Peninsula, southern Chile, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.37, issue.2, pp.101-111, 2002.
DOI : 10.1002/jqs.671

J. Massaferro, S. Brooks, and S. Haberle, The dynamics of chironomid assemblages and vegetation during the Late Quaternary at Laguna Facil, Chonos Archipelago, southern Chile, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.24, issue.23-24, pp.2510-2522, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2005.03.010

D. Mauquoy, M. Blaauw, B. Van-geel, A. Borromei, M. Quattrocchio et al., Late Holocene climatic changes in Tierra del Fuego based on multiproxy analyses of peat deposits., Quaternary Research, vol.13, issue.02, pp.148-158, 2004.
DOI : 10.1126/science.291.5508.1497

C. Mayr, M. Wille, T. Haberzettl, F. M. Janssen, S. Lücke et al., Holocene variability of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Argentinean Patagonia (52??S), Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.26, issue.5-6, pp.579-584, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2006.11.013

R. Mcculloch and S. Davies, Late-glacial and Holocene palaeoenvironmental change in the central Strait of Magellan, southern Patagonia, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.173, issue.3-4, pp.143-173, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0031-0182(01)00316-9

R. Mcculloch, M. Bentley, R. Purves, N. Hulton, D. Sugden et al., Climatic inferences from glacial and palaeoecological evidence at the last glacial termination, southern South America, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.51, issue.4, pp.409-417, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1099-1417(200005)15:4<409::AID-JQS539>3.0.CO;2-#

M. Mcglone, A. Kershaw, and V. Markgraf, El Niño/Southern Oscillation climatic variability in Australasian and South American paleoenvironmental records. Dans El Niño, Historical and Paleoclimatic Aspects of the Southern Oscillation, pp.435-462, 1992.

J. Mcmanus, R. Francois, J. Gherardi, L. Keigwin, and S. Brown-leger, Collapse and rapid resumption of Atlantic meridional circulation linked to deglacial climate changes, Nature, vol.428, issue.6985, pp.834-837, 2004.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02494

J. Mercer, Variations of some Patagonian glaciers since the Late-Glacial, American Journal of Science, vol.266, issue.2, pp.91-109, 1968.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.266.2.91

J. Mercer, Holocene glacier variations in southern Patagonia, Striae, vol.18, pp.35-40, 1982.

M. Milankovitch, Kanon der Erdbestrahlung und Seine Andwendung auf das Eiszeitenproblem, Royal Serbian Academy Special Publication, vol.132, pp.1-633, 1941.

E. Monnin, A. Indermühle, A. Dällenbach, J. Flückiger, B. Stauffer et al., Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations over the Last Glacial Termination, Science, vol.291, issue.5501, pp.112-114, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.291.5501.112

V. Montade, N. Nebout, C. Kissel, and S. Mulsow, Pollen distribution in marine surface sediments from Chilean Patagonia, Marine Geology, vol.282, issue.3-4, pp.161-168, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.margeo.2011.02.001

A. Montecinos and P. Aceituno, Seasonality of the ENSO-Related Rainfall Variability in Central Chile and Associated Circulation Anomalies, Journal of Climate, vol.16, issue.2, pp.281-296, 2003.
DOI : 10.1175/1520-0442(2003)016<0281:SOTERR>2.0.CO;2

D. Moore, The alpine flora of Tierra del Fuego, Anales Instituto Botanica Antonio José Cavanilles, vol.32, pp.419-440, 1975.

D. Moore, Southern oceanic wet-heathlands (including Magellanic moorland) Dans Heathlands and Related Shrublands of the World, Specht RL, pp.489-497, 1979.

D. Moore, Flora of Tierra del Fuego Missouri Bot Garden, 1983.

P. Moreno, Vegetation and climate near Lago Llanquihue in the Chilean Lake District between 20200 and 9500 14C yr BP, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.12, issue.6, pp.485-500, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1099-1417(199711/12)12:6<485::AID-JQS330>3.3.CO;2-W

P. Moreno, Climate, Fire, and Vegetation between about 13,000 and 9200 14C yr B.P. in the Chilean Lake District, Quaternary Research, vol.54, issue.01, pp.81-89, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02342598

P. Moreno, Millennial-scale climate variability in northwest Patagonia over the last 15???000???yr, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.19, issue.1, pp.35-47, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/jqs.813

P. Moreno and A. León, Abrupt vegetation changes during the last glacial to Holocene transition in mid-latitude South America, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.19, issue.8, pp.787-800, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/jqs.801

P. Moreno, J. Francois, C. Moy, and R. Villa-martínez, Covariability of the Southern Westerlies and atmospheric CO2 during the Holocene, Geology, vol.38, issue.8, pp.727-730, 2010.
DOI : 10.1130/G30962.1

P. Moreno, J. François, R. Villa-martínez, and C. Moy, Millennial-scale variability in Southern Hemisphere westerly wind activity over the last 5000 years in SW Patagonia, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.28, issue.1-2, pp.25-38, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.10.009

P. Moreno, G. Jacobson, T. Lowell, and G. Denton, Interhemispheric climate links revealed by a late-glacial cooling episode in southern Chile, Nature, vol.13, issue.6822, pp.804-808, 2001.
DOI : 10.1038/35057252

P. Moreno, M. Kaplan, J. Francois, R. Villa-martinez, C. Moy et al., Renewed glacial activity during the Antarctic cold reversal and persistence of cold conditions until 11.5 ka in southwestern Patagonia, Geology, vol.37, issue.4, pp.375-378, 2009.
DOI : 10.1130/G25399A.1

P. Moreno, T. Lowell, G. L. Jacobson-jr, and G. Denton, Abrupt Vegetation and Climate Changes during the Last Glacial Maximum and Last Termination in the Chilean Lake District: A Case Study from Canal de la Puntilla (41°S). Geogr, Ann. A, vol.81, pp.285-311, 1999.

C. Moy, R. Dunbar, P. Moreno, J. Francois, R. Villa-martínez et al., Isotopic evidence for hydrologic change related to the westerlies in SW Patagonia, Chile, during the last millennium, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.27, issue.13-14, pp.1335-1349, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.006

C. Moy, G. Seltzer, D. Rodbell, and D. Anderson, Variability of El Ni??o/Southern Oscillation activity at millennial timescales during the Holocene epoch, Nature, vol.35, issue.6912, pp.162-165, 2002.
DOI : 10.1006/qres.1993.1040

P. Mudie, Pollen distribution in recent marine sediments, eastern Canada, Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol.19, issue.4, pp.729-747, 1982.
DOI : 10.1139/e82-062

J. Naranjo and C. Stern, Holocene explosive activity of Hudson Volcano, southern Andes, Bulletin of Volcanology, vol.59, issue.4, pp.291-306, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s004450050193

J. Overpeck, I. Webb, and I. Prentice, Quantitative Interpretation of Fossil Pollen Spectra: Dissimilarity Coefficients and the Method of Modern Analogs, Quaternary Research, vol.3, issue.01, pp.87-108, 1985.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-6667(69)90011-6

M. Paez, C. Villagrán, S. Stutz, F. Hinojosa, and R. Villa, Vegetation and pollen dispersal in the subtropical-temperate climatic transition of Chile and Argentina, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.96, issue.1-2, pp.169-181, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0034-6667(96)00039-5

S. Pantoja, L. Iriarte, J. Daneri, and G. , Oceanography of the Chilean Patagonia, Continental Shelf Research, vol.31, issue.3-4, pp.149-153, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csr.2010.10.013

E. Pendall, V. Markgraf, J. White, M. Dreier, and R. Kenny, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.19, issue.02, pp.168-178, 2001.
DOI : 10.2307/1550717

O. Peyron, C. Bégeot, S. Brewer, O. Heiri, M. Magny et al., Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.18, issue.4, pp.197-211, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-3791(03)00131-8

E. Pisano, Esquema de clasificación de las comunidades vegetales de Chile, Agronomía, vol.2, pp.30-33, 1956.

E. Pisano, Fitogeografía de Fuego-Patagonia Chilena. I.-Comunidades vegetales entre las latitudes 52 o y 56 o, Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, vol.8, pp.121-250, 1977.

E. Pisano, Establecimiento de Nothofagus betuloides (Mirb.) Blume (Coigue de Magallanes) en un valle en proceso de desglaciacion, Anales del Instituto de la Patagonia, vol.9, pp.107-128, 1978.

O. Pizzaro, Editorial : Observing the Peru-Chile Current system Available at, 2004.

J. Ponce, A. Borromei, J. Rabassa, and O. Martinez, Late Quaternary palaeoenvironmental change in western Staaten Island (54.5° S, 64° W), Fuegian Archipelago, Quatern. Int, vol.233, pp.89-100, 2011.

S. Porter, Onset of Neoglaciation in the Southern Hemisphere, Journal of Quaternary Science, vol.245, issue.4, pp.395-408, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1099-1417(200005)15:4<395::AID-JQS535>3.0.CO;2-H

S. Porter and G. Denton, Chronology of neoglaciation in the North American Cordillera, American Journal of Science, vol.265, issue.3, pp.177-210, 1967.
DOI : 10.2475/ajs.265.3.177

M. Power, M. J. Ortiz, N. Bartlein, P. Harrison, S. Mayle et al., Changes in fire regimes since the Last Glacial Maximum: an assessment based on a global synthesis and analysis of charcoal data, Climate Dynamics, vol.449, issue.2, pp.887-907, 2007.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-007-0334-x

I. Prentice, W. Cramer, S. Harrison, R. Leemans, R. Monserud et al., Special Paper: A Global Biome Model Based on Plant Physiology and Dominance, Soil Properties and Climate, Journal of Biogeography, vol.19, issue.2, pp.117-134, 1992.
DOI : 10.2307/2845499

M. Quattrocchio and A. Borromei, Paleovegetational and paleoclimatic changes during the Late Quaternary in southwestern Buenos Aires Province and Southern Tierra del Fuego (Argentina), Palynology, vol.11, issue.1, pp.67-82, 1998.
DOI : 10.1006/qres.1996.0007

S. Rasmussen, K. Andersen, A. Svensson, J. Steffensen, B. Vinther et al., A new Greenland ice core chronology for the last glacial termination, Journal of Geophysical Research, vol.26, issue.11, p.16, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2005JD006079

P. Reimer, M. Baillie, E. Bard, A. Bayliss, J. Beck et al., IntCal04 terrestrial radiocarbon age calibration, Radiocarbon, vol.46, pp.0-26, 2004.

B. Rein, A. Lückge, L. Reinhardt, F. Sirocko, A. Wolf et al., El Ni??o variability off Peru during the last 20,000 years, Paleoceanography, vol.115, issue.58, pp.1-17, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004PA001099

S. Rivas-martínez, Clasificación bioclimática de la Tierra, Folia Botanica Matritensis, vol.10, pp.1-23, 1993.

D. Rodbell, G. Seltzer, D. Anderson, M. Abbott, D. Enfield et al., An 15,000-Year Record of El Ni&ntilde;o-Driven Alluviation in Southwestern Ecuador, Science, vol.283, issue.5401, pp.516-520, 1999.
DOI : 10.1126/science.283.5401.516

M. Rojas and P. Moreno, Atmospheric circulation changes and neoglacial conditions in the Southern Hemisphere mid-latitudes: insights from PMIP2 simulations at 6??kyr, Climate Dynamics, vol.22, issue.119, pp.357-375, 2010.
DOI : 10.1007/s00382-010-0866-3

H. Romero, Geografía de los Climas de Chile Instituto Geográfico Militar, p.250, 1985.

M. Rossignol-strick and D. Duzer, West African vegetation and climate since 22,500 B, P. Pollen et Spores, vol.21, pp.105-134, 1979.

J. Rutllant and H. Fuenzalida, Synoptic aspects of the central chile rainfall variability associated with the southern oscillation, International Journal of Climatology, vol.113, issue.C13, pp.63-76, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.3370110105

S. Goñi, M. Cacho, I. Turon, J. Guiot, J. Sierro et al., Synchroneity between marine and terrestrial responses to millennial scale climatic variability during the last glacial period in the Mediterranean region, Clim. Dynam, vol.19, pp.95-105, 2002.

S. Goñi, M. Landais, A. Fletcher, W. Naughton, F. Desprat et al., Contrasting impacts of Dansgaard???Oeschger events over a western European latitudinal transect modulated by orbital parameters, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.27, issue.11-12, pp.1136-1151, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.03.003

D. Sandweiss, J. Richardson, E. Reitz, H. Rollins, and K. Maasch, Geoarchaeological Evidence from Peru for a 5000 Years B.P. Onset of El Nino, Science, vol.273, issue.5281, pp.1531-1533, 1996.
DOI : 10.1126/science.273.5281.1531

J. Schimithüsen, Die räumliche Ordnung der chilenischen Vegetation, Bonner Geographische Abhandlungen, vol.17, pp.1-86, 1956.

C. Schneider and D. Gies, Effects of El Ni??o???southern oscillation on southernmost South America precipitation at 53??S revealed from NCEP???NCAR reanalyses and weather station data, International Journal of Climatology, vol.24, issue.9, pp.1057-1076, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.1057

C. Schneider, M. Glasser, R. Kilian, A. Santana, N. Butotovic et al., Weather Observations Across the Southern Andes at 53??S, Physical Geography, vol.24, issue.2, pp.97-119, 2003.
DOI : 10.2747/0272-3646.24.2.97

P. Seibert, Amérique du Sud paysage et végétation Eugen Ulmer, p.272, 1998.

N. Shi, L. Dupont, H. Beug, and R. Schneider, Correlation between Vegetation in Southwestern Africa and Oceanic Upwelling in the Past 21,000 Years, Quaternary Research, vol.24, issue.01, pp.72-80, 2000.
DOI : 10.1038/385707a0

G. Siani, C. C. Michel, E. Carel, M. Richter, T. Kissel et al., Late Glacial to Holocene terrigenous sediment record in the Northern Patagonian margin: Paleoclimate implications, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, vol.297, issue.1, pp.26-36, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.07.011
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00509813

A. Siever and N. Silva, Water masses and circulation in austral Chilean channels and fjords. Dans Progress in the Oceanographic Knowledge of Chilean Inner Waters, from Puerto Montt to Cape Horn, pp.53-58, 2008.

N. Silva, Physical and chemical characteristics of the surface sedimentsin the austral Chilean channels and fjords. Dans Progress in the oceanographic knowledge of Chilean interior waters, from Puerto Montt to Cape Horn, pp.69-75, 2008.

N. Silva, C. Vargas, and R. Prego, Land???ocean distribution of allochthonous organic matter in surface sediments of the Chilo?? and Ays??n interior seas (Chilean Northern Patagonia), Continental Shelf Research, vol.31, issue.3-4, pp.330-339, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.csr.2010.09.009

B. Stenni, D. Buiron, M. Frezzotti, S. Albani, C. Barbante et al., Expression of the bipolar see-saw in Antarctic climate records during the last deglaciation, Nature Geoscience, vol.24, issue.1, pp.46-49, 2011.
DOI : 10.1038/ngeo1026
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00647558

B. Stenni, V. Masson-delmotte, S. Johnsen, J. Jouzel, A. Longinelli et al., An Oceanic Cold Reversal During the Last Deglaciation, Science, vol.293, issue.5537, pp.2074-2077, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1059702

T. Stocker, CLIMATE CHANGE:The Seesaw Effect, Science, vol.282, issue.5386, pp.61-62, 1998.
DOI : 10.1126/science.282.5386.61

G. St-onge, E. Chapron, S. Mulsow, M. Salas, M. Viel et al., Comparison of earthquake-triggered turbidites from the Saguenay (Eastern Canada) and Reloncavi (Chilean margin) Fjords: Implications for paleoseismicity and sedimentology, Sedimentary Geology, vol.243, issue.244
DOI : 10.1016/j.sedgeo.2011.11.003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00648918

L. Stott, K. Cannariato, R. Thunell, G. Haug, A. Koutavas et al., Decline of surface temperature and salinity in the western tropical Pacific Ocean in the Holocene epoch, Nature, vol.323, issue.7004, pp.56-59, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/S0277-3791(01)00101-9

P. Strub, J. Mesias, V. Montecio, J. Ruttlant, and S. Salinas, Coastal ocean circulation off western South America, pp.273-315, 1998.

M. Stuiver and P. Reimer, Extended 14C Data Base and Revised CALIB 3.0 14C Age Calibration Program, Radiocarbon, vol.27, issue.01, pp.215-230, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02162161

M. Stuiver, P. Quay, and H. Ostlund, Abyssal Water Carbon-14 Distribution and the Age of the World Oceans, Science, vol.219, issue.4586, pp.849-851, 1983.
DOI : 10.1126/science.219.4586.849

J. Stuut, S. Kasten, F. Lamy, and D. Hebbeln, Sources and modes of terrigenous sediment input to the Chilean continental slope, Quaternary International, vol.161, issue.1, pp.67-76, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quaint.2006.10.041

J. Suc, Origin and evolution of the Mediterranean vegetation and climate in Europe, Nature, vol.217, issue.5950, pp.429-432, 1984.
DOI : 10.1038/307429a0

R. Taylor and R. Berger, Radiocarbon Content of Marine Shells from the Pacific Coasts of Central and South America, Science, vol.158, issue.3805, pp.1180-1182, 1967.
DOI : 10.1126/science.158.3805.1180-a

A. Timmermann, U. Krebs, F. Justino, H. Goosse, and T. Ivanochko, Mechanisms for millennial-scale global synchronization during the last glacial period, Paleoceanography, vol.193, issue.4, pp.1-12, 2005.
DOI : 10.1029/2004PA001090

N. Tisnérat-laborde, J. Poupeau, J. Tannau, and M. Paterne, Development of a Semi-Automated System for Routine Preparation of Carbonate Samples, Radiocarbon, vol.31, issue.2A, pp.299-304, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/S0033822200038145

J. Toggweiler, CLIMATE CHANGE: Shifting Westerlies, Science, vol.323, issue.5920, pp.1434-1435, 2009.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1169823

J. Toggweiler, J. Russell, and S. Carson, Midlatitude westerlies, atmospheric CO 2 , and climate change during the ice ages, Paleoceanography, vol.21, pp.1-15, 2006.

S. Toucanne, S. Zaragosi, J. Bourillet, M. Cremer, F. Eynaud et al., Timing of massive ???Fleuve Manche??? discharges over the last 350kyr: insights into the European ice-sheet oscillations and the European drainage network from MIS 10 to 2, Quaternary Science Reviews, vol.28, issue.13-14, pp.1238-1256, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.quascirev.2009.01.006
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/insu-00401765

T. Tschumi, F. Joos, and P. Parekh, How important are Southern Hemisphere wind changes for low glacial carbon dioxide? A model study, Paleoceanography, vol.19, issue.1, pp.1-20, 2008.
DOI : 10.1029/2008PA001592

M. Tsuchiya and L. Talley, A Pacific hydrographic section at 88°W: waterpropertydistribution, J. Geophys. Res, vol.12, pp.899-918, 1998.

A. Tudhope, C. Chilcott, M. Mcculloch, E. Cook, J. Chappell et al., Variability in the El Nino-Southern Oscillation Through a Glacial-Interglacial Cycle, Science, vol.291, issue.5508, pp.1511-1517, 2001.
DOI : 10.1126/science.1057969

J. Turner, The El Ni??o???southern oscillation and Antarctica, International Journal of Climatology, vol.24, issue.1, pp.1-31, 2004.
DOI : 10.1002/joc.965

J. Turon, Direct land/sea correlations in the last interglacial complex, Nature, vol.304, issue.5970, pp.673-676, 1984.
DOI : 10.1038/309673a0

L. Vargas-ramirez, E. Roche, G. Philippe, and H. Hooghiemstra, A pollen-based record of late glacial???Holocene climatic variability in the southern lake district, Chile, Journal of Paleolimnology, vol.14, issue.2, pp.197-217, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s10933-007-9115-0

T. Veblen, R. Delmastro, and J. Schlatter, The Conservation of Fitzroya cupressoides and Its Environment in Southern Chile, Environmental Conservation, vol.162, issue.04, pp.291-301, 1976.
DOI : 10.1016/0006-3207(76)90046-X

T. Veblen, C. Donoso, T. Kitzberger, and A. Rebertus, Ecology of Southern Chilean and Argentinian Nothofagus Forests. Dans The Ecology and Biogeography of Nothofagus Forests, & Read J, pp.293-353, 1996.

T. Veblen, F. Schlegel, and J. Oltremari, Temperate broad-leaved evergreen forests of South America. Dans Temperate Broad-leaved Evergreen Forest, Odvington JD, pp.5-31, 1983.

T. Veblen, F. R. Schlegel, and . Be, Structure and Dynamics of Old-Growth Nothofagus Forests in the Valdivian Andes, Chile, The Journal of Ecology, vol.68, issue.1, pp.1-31, 1980.
DOI : 10.2307/2259240

C. Vera, G. Silvestri, B. Liebmann, and P. González, Climate change scenarios for seasonal precipitation in South America from IPCC-AR4 models, Geophysical Research Letters, vol.17, issue.13, pp.1-4, 2006.
DOI : 10.1029/2006GL025759

C. Villagrán, Vegetationsgeschichtliche und pflanzensoziologische Untersuchungen im Vicente Perez Rosales Nationalpark Chile, Dissertationes Botanicae, vol.54, pp.1-165, 1980.

C. Villagrán, Expansion of Magellanic Moorland during the Late Pleistocene: Palynological Evidence from Northern Isla de Chilo??, Chile, Quaternary Research, vol.59, issue.03, pp.304-314, 1988.
DOI : 10.1130/MEM145-p337

C. Villagrán, Late Quaternary Vegetation of Southern Isla Grande De Chilo??, Chile, Quaternary Research, vol.28, issue.1???2, pp.294-306, 1988.
DOI : 10.1016/0033-5894(88)90037-3

C. Villagrán, Glacial climates and their effects on the history of the vegetation of Chile: A synthesis based on palynological evidence from Isla de Chilo??, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.65, issue.1-4, pp.17-24, 1990.
DOI : 10.1016/0034-6667(90)90052-K

C. Villagrán, Glacial, late-glacial and postglacial climate and vegetation on Isla Grande de Chiloé, southem Chile (41-44°S), Quaternary South America and Antarctic Peninsula, vol.8, pp.1-15, 1993.

C. Villagrán, Un modelo de la historia de la vegetaci??n de la Cordillera de La Costa de Chile central-sur: la hip??tesis glacial de Darwin, Revista chilena de historia natural, vol.74, issue.4, pp.793-803, 2001.
DOI : 10.4067/S0716-078X2001000400007

C. Villagrán and J. Varela, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.1, issue.02, pp.198-207, 1990.
DOI : 10.1126/science.219.4591.1429

R. Villa-martínez and P. Moreno, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.37, issue.03, pp.400-409, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.07.003

R. Villa-martínez, C. Villagrán, and B. Jenny, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.10, issue.03, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/BF02182785

N. Waldmann, D. Ariztegui, F. Anselmetti, A. Jr, J. Moy et al., Holocene climatic fluctuations and positioning of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Tierra del Fuego (54?? S), Patagonia, Holocene climatic fluctuations and positioning of the Southern Hemisphere westerlies in Tierra del Fuego (54° S), pp.1063-1075, 2010.
DOI : 10.1002/jqs.1263

C. Warren and D. Sugden, The Patagonian Icefields: A Glaciological Review, Arctic and Alpine Research, vol.25, issue.4, pp.316-331, 1993.
DOI : 10.2307/1551915

I. Webb and R. Bryson, Late- and Postglacial Climatic Change in the Northern Midwest, USA: Quantitative Estimates Derived from Fossil Pollen Spectra by Multivariate Statistical Analysis, Quaternary Research, vol.123, issue.01, pp.70-115, 1972.
DOI : 10.2307/1931985

R. Webb, K. Anderson, and I. Webb, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.57, issue.02, pp.213-227, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0033-5894(90)90020-L

C. Whitlock, P. Moreno, and P. Bartlein, Abstract, Quaternary Research, vol.53, issue.01, pp.28-36, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.yqres.2007.01.012

M. Wille, N. Maidana, F. Schäbitz, M. Fey, T. Haberzettl et al., Vegetation and climate dynamics in southern South America: The microfossil record of Laguna Potrok Aike, Santa Cruz, Argentina, Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol.146, issue.1-4, pp.234-246, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.revpalbo.2007.05.001