D. Acemoglu, Training and Innovation in an Imperfect Labour Market, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.64, issue.3, pp.445-64, 1997.
DOI : 10.2307/2971723

D. Acemoglu and P. , Why do firms train? Theory and evidence, Quarterly Journal of Economics, issue.113, pp.79-119, 1998.

D. Acemoglu and R. Shimer, Holdups and Efficiency with Search Frictions, International Economic Review, vol.40, issue.4, pp.827-849, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-2354.00043

R. Aeberhardt, P. Givord, and C. Marbot, Minimum wage and wage inequality in France: An unconditional quantile regresion approach, Forthcoming in Documents de Travail de la DESE-Working Papers of the DESE, 2011.

J. Albrecht and S. Vroman, A MATCHING MODEL WITH ENDOGENOUS SKILL REQUIREMENTS*, International Economic Review, vol.11, issue.1, pp.283-305, 2002.
DOI : 10.1086/298261

D. Andolfatto, Business cycles and labor market search, American Economic Review, vol.86, issue.1, pp.112-132, 1996.

G. Becker, Investment in Human Capital: A Theoretical Analysis, Journal of Political Economy, vol.70, issue.5, Part 2, pp.9-49, 1962.
DOI : 10.1086/258724

L. Behaghel, B. Crépon, and B. Sédillot, The perverse effects of partial employement protection reform: The case of French older workers, Journal of Public Economics, vol.92, pp.3-4, 2008.

M. Belot, J. Boone, and J. Van-ours, Welfare-Improving Employment Protection, Economica, vol.136, issue.295, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/S0176-2680(03)00034-X

J. H. Bishop, Chapter On-the-job training of new hires of Market failure in training? New economic analysis and evidence on training of adult employees, pp.61-98, 1991.

M. Blàquez and M. Jansen, Search, mismatch and unemployment, European Economic Review, vol.52, issue.3, pp.498-526, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2007.03.005

S. Blasco, B. Crépon, and T. Kamionka, Evaluation of the impact of training on individual labor market transitions, 2008.

R. Blundell, C. Dias, and M. , Evaluation Methods for Non-Experimental Data, Fiscal Studies, vol.74, issue.4, pp.427-468, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1475-5890.2000.tb00031.x

R. Blundell, C. Dias, M. Meghir, C. , V. Reenen et al., Evaluating the Employment Impact of a Mandatory Job Search Program, Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.2, issue.4, pp.569-606, 2004.
DOI : 10.1162/1542476041423368

C. Bontemps, J. M. Robin, and G. Van-den-berg, An Empirical Equilibrium Job Search Model With Search on the Job and Heterogeneous Workers and Firms, International Economic Review, vol.40, issue.4, pp.1039-1074, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-2354.00052
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00357757

S. Budria, T. Pereira, and P. , On the returns to training in Portugal, 2004.

K. Burdett and D. Mortensen, Wage Differentials, Employer Size, and Unemployment, International Economic Review, vol.39, issue.2, pp.257-273, 1998.
DOI : 10.2307/2527292

P. Cahuc, F. Postel-vinay, and R. J. , Wage Bargaining with On-the-Job Search: Theory and Evidence, Econometrica, vol.74, issue.2, pp.323-364, 2006.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-0262.2006.00665.x
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00176090

P. Cahuc and A. Zylberberg, La formation professionnelle des adultes : un systéme á la dérive, 2006.

V. Chernozhukov and C. Hansen, An IV Model of Quantile Treatment Effects, Econometrica, vol.1, issue.73, pp.245-261, 2005.

A. Chéron, Efficient v.s. equilibrium unemployment with match-specific costs, Economics Letters, vol.88, issue.2, pp.176-183, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econlet.2005.02.007

A. Chéron, J. Hairault, and F. Langot, Job creation and job destruction over the life cycle: The older workers in the spotlight, Iza discussion papers 2597, 2007.

A. Chéron, J. Hairault, and F. Langot, Age-Dependent Employment Protection*, The Economic Journal, vol.1, issue.5, 2011.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2011.02453.x

A. Chéron and F. Langot, Labor market search and real business cycles: reconciling Nash bargaining with the??real wage??dynamics, Review of Economic Dynamics, vol.7, issue.2, pp.476-493, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.red.2003.11.003

A. Chéron and R. B. , Endogenous Job Destructions and the Distribution of Wages forthcoming in Labour Economics Inefficient Job Destructions and Training with Holdup, Labour: Review of labour economics and industrial relations, vol.25, issue.4, pp.397-420, 2011.

A. Chéron, B. Rouland, and F. Wolff, Returns to firm-provided training in France: Evidence on mobility and wages, 2008.

H. Cole and R. R. , Can the Mortensen-Pissarides Matching Model Match the Business-Cycle Facts?, International Economic Review, vol.40, issue.4, pp.933-959, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-2354.00048

L. Dearden, S. Machin, H. Reed, and D. Wilkinson, Labour Turnover and work-related training The Institute for Fiscal Studies, 1997.

J. Dolado, M. Jansen, and J. J. , On-the-Job Search in a Matching Model with Heterogeneous Jobs and Workers*, The Economic Journal, vol.50, issue.4, pp.200-228, 2009.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-0297.2008.02210.x

G. Fella, Termination restrictions and investment in general training, European Economic Review, vol.49, issue.6, pp.1479-1499, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2003.12.004

S. Firpo, Efficient Semiparametric Estimation of Quantile Treatment Effects, Econometrica, vol.75, issue.1, pp.259-276, 2007.
DOI : 10.1111/j.1468-0262.2007.00738.x

C. Fu, Training, search and wage dispersion, Review of Economic Dynamics, vol.14, issue.4, pp.650-666, 2011.
DOI : 10.1016/j.red.2010.11.003

D. Goux and E. Maurin, Returns to firm-provided training: evidence from French worker???firm matched data, Labour Economics, vol.7, issue.1, pp.1-19, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0927-5371(99)00023-8

F. Green, A. Felstead, K. Mayhew, and A. Pack, The Impact of Training on Labour Mobility: Individual and Firm-level Evidence from Britain, British Journal of Industrial Relations, vol.38, issue.2, pp.261-275, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8543.00162

W. H. Greene, Gender Economics Courses in Liberal Arts Colleges: Further Results, The Journal of Economic Education, vol.28, issue.4, pp.291-300, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-4076(88)90063-2

J. Hairault, F. Langot, and T. Sopraseuth, Distance to retirement and older workers' employment: The case for delaying the retirement age, Journal of the European Economic Association, vol.8, issue.5, pp.1034-1076, 2010.

R. E. Hall, Employment Fluctuations with Equilibrium Wage Stickiness, American Economic Review, vol.95, issue.1, pp.50-65, 2005.
DOI : 10.1257/0002828053828482

R. E. Hall and P. Milgrom, The Limited Influence of Unemployment on the Wage Bargain, American Economic Review, vol.98, issue.4, pp.1653-1674, 2008.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.98.4.1653

M. Hashimoto, Firm-Specific Human Capital as a Shared Investment: Reply, American Economic Review, vol.91, issue.1, pp.475-482, 1981.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.91.1.348

J. Heckman, H. Ichimura, and T. P. , Matching As An Econometric Evaluation Estimator, Review of Economic Studies, vol.65, issue.2, pp.261-294, 1998.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-937X.00044

J. Heckman, R. Lalonde, and S. J. , The Economics and Econometrics of Active Labor Market Programs, Handbook of Labor Economics, pp.1865-2097, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S1573-4463(99)03012-6

M. Jansen, Job auctions and hold-ups, Labour Economics, vol.17, issue.3, pp.608-619, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.labeco.2009.05.006

G. Jolivet, F. Postel-vinay, and R. , The empirical content of the job search model: Labor mobility and wage distributions in Europe and the US, European Economic Review, vol.50, issue.4, pp.877-907, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euroecorev.2006.02.005
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00308803

T. Khaskhoussi and F. Langot, La proximit?? de l'??ge de la retraite, Revue ??conomique, vol.59, issue.3, pp.641-652, 2008.
DOI : 10.3917/reco.593.0641

R. Koenker and G. Bassett, Regression Quantiles, Econometrica, vol.46, issue.1, pp.33-50, 1978.
DOI : 10.2307/1913643

A. Kugler and G. Pica, Effects of employment protection on worker and job flows: Evidence from the 1990 Italian reform, Labour Economics, vol.15, issue.1, pp.78-95, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.labeco.2006.11.002

W. Lechthaler, The interaction of firing costs and firm training, Empirica, vol.95, issue.3, pp.331-350, 2009.
DOI : 10.1007/s10663-008-9088-x

E. Leuven, The Economics of Private Sector Training: A Survey of the Literature, Journal of Economic Surveys, vol.46, issue.2, pp.91-111, 2005.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-0297.00647

E. Leuven and H. Oosterbeek, Firm-Specific Human Capital as a Shared Investment: Comment, American Economic Review, vol.91, issue.1, pp.342-347, 2001.
DOI : 10.1257/aer.91.1.342

L. Ljungqvist and S. T. , Two Questions about European Unemployment, Econometrica, vol.76, issue.1, pp.1-29, 2008.
DOI : 10.1111/j.0012-9682.2008.00816.x

M. A. Loewenstein and S. J. , The role of off-the-job training vs. On-the-job training for the mobility of women workers, Journal of Human Ressources, issue.34, pp.710-733, 1999.

L. Lynch, The role of off-the-job training vs. On-the-job training for the mobility of women workers, American Economic Review, vol.2, issue.81, pp.151-156, 1991.

J. Malcomson, Contracts, hold-up and labor markets, Journal of Economic Literature, issue.35, pp.1916-1957, 1997.

M. Merz, Search in the labor market and the real business cycle, Journal of Monetary Economics, vol.36, issue.2, pp.269-300, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3932(95)01216-8

P. Messe and R. B. , Stricter employment protection on older workers and firms' incentives to train: Evidence from a natural experiment in France, 2011.

S. Millard, The cyclial effects of labour market policy, Advanced Business Cycle Theory, 1996.

J. Mincer, Schooling, Experience, and Earnings, 1974.

R. Montizaan, F. Cörvers, D. Grip, and A. , The effects of pension rights and retirement age on training participation: Evidence from a natural experiment, Labour Economics, vol.17, issue.1, pp.240-247, 2010.
DOI : 10.1016/j.labeco.2009.10.004

D. Mortensen, Equilibrium unemployment with wage posting: Burdett-Mortensen meet Pissarides Wage Dispersion: Why are Similar People Paid Differently, Panel Data and Structural Labor Market Models, pp.281-292, 2000.

D. Mortensen and C. Pissarides, Job Creation and Job Destruction in the Theory of Unemployment, The Review of Economic Studies, vol.61, issue.3, pp.397-415, 1994.
DOI : 10.2307/2297896

O. Connell and P. , Adults in training: An international comparison of continuing education and training, 1999.

W. Ok and P. Tergeist, Improving workers' skills: anatycal evidence and the role of the social partners, OECD Social Employment and Migration Working Papers, vol.10, 2003.
DOI : 10.1787/535875452181

D. Parent, Wages and Mobility: The Impact of Employer???Provided Training, Journal of Labor Economics, vol.17, issue.2
DOI : 10.1086/209922

M. Picchio and J. C. Van-ours, Retaining through Training: Even for Older Workers, p.5591, 2011.

G. Pierre and S. Scarpetta, Employment protection: Do firms' perceptions match with legislation?, Economics Letters, vol.90, issue.3, pp.328-334, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.econlet.2005.08.026

A. C. Pigou, Wealth and welfare, 1912.

C. Pissarides, Equilibrium unemployment theory. 2nd The unemployment volatility puzzle: Is wage stickiness the answer?, Econometrica, vol.1, issue.775, pp.1339-1369, 2000.

F. Postel-vinay and R. J. , Equilibrium Wage Dispersion with Worker and Employer Heterogeneity, Econometrica, vol.70, issue.6, pp.2295-2350, 2002.
DOI : 10.1111/1468-0262.00377
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00357751

E. Quercioli, TRAINING, TURNOVER, AND SEARCH*, International Economic Review, vol.9, issue.1, pp.133-143, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/0165-1765(92)90170-4

P. Rosenbaum and R. D. , The central role of the propensity score in observational studies for causal effects, Biometrika, vol.70, issue.1, pp.41-55, 1983.
DOI : 10.1093/biomet/70.1.41

M. Rosholm and M. Svarer, Endogenous wage dispersion in a search-matching model, Labour Economics, vol.11, issue.5, pp.623-645, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.labeco.2003.09.005

Y. Sato and H. Sugiura, On Labor Policies Affecting Investment in General Human Capital, Labour, vol.38, issue.4, pp.599-622, 2003.
DOI : 10.1086/260823

M. Schnalzenberger and R. Winter-ebmer, Layoff tax and employment of the elderly, Labour Economics, vol.16, issue.6, pp.618-624, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.labeco.2009.08.008

R. Shimer, The Cyclical Behavior of Equilibrium Unemployment and Vacancies, American Economic Review, vol.95, issue.1, pp.25-49
DOI : 10.1257/0002828053828572

R. Shimer and S. L. , Matching, Search, and Heterogeneity, Advances in Macroeconomics, vol.1, issue.1, 2001.
DOI : 10.2202/1534-6013.1010

J. Smith and T. P. , Does Matching Overcome Lalonde's Critique of Nonexperimental Estimators?, SSRN Electronic Journal, vol.125, issue.12, pp.305-353, 2005.
DOI : 10.2139/ssrn.286297

J. Wilde, Identification of multiple equation probit models with endogenous dummy regressors, Economics Letters, vol.69, issue.3, pp.309-312, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0165-1765(00)00320-7

D. Young, Employment Protection Legislation: its economic impact and the case for reform Economic paper 186, European Commission Directorate-General for Economic and Financial Affairs, 2003.