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R. Les-nanocristaux-de-cdse, Pour ces applications, la détermination de la structure ?ne de l'exciton de bord de bande et des mécanismes de relaxation entre sous-niveaux est d'un intérêt majeur Cette thèse a été consacrée à l'étude spectroscopique à basse température et sous champ magnétique de nanocristaux individuels de CdSe/ZnS. La remarquable photostabilité des nanocristaux étudiés a permis de caractériser les propriétés optiques des deux états excitoniques de plus basse énergie : l'état excitonique fondamental " noir " , et l'état excitonique " brillant " situé quelques meV plus haut en énergie, Ces études ont aussi permis d'identi?er un état excitonique chargé (trion) et de caractériser ses propriétés photophysiques. La possibilité de générer une cascade radiative biexciton-exciton a également été démontrée dans ces sys- tèmes