W. Abend, E. Bizzi, and P. Morasso, HUMAN ARM TRAJECTORY FORMATION, Brain, vol.105, issue.2, p.331348, 1982.
DOI : 10.1093/brain/105.2.331

A. Albert and R. W. Sittler, A Method for Computing Least Squares Estimators that Keep Up with the Data, Journal of the Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematics Series A Control, vol.3, issue.3, 1966.
DOI : 10.1137/0303026

P. Archambault, P. Pigeon, A. G. Feldman, and M. F. Levin, Recruitment and sequencing of dierent degrees of freedom during pointing movements involving the trunk in healthy and hemiparetic subjects, Experimental Brain Research, vol.126, p.5567, 1999.

O. Arikan, D. A. Forsyth, and J. F. O-'brien, Pushing people around, Proceedings of the 2005 ACM SIGGRAPH/Eurographics symposium on Computer animation , SCA '05, p.5966, 2005.
DOI : 10.1145/1073368.1073376

B. Arnaldi, Conception du noyau d'un système d'animation de scènes tridimensionnelles intégrant les lois de la mécanique, 1989.

B. Arnaldi, G. Dumont, G. Hégron, N. Magnenat-thalmann, and D. Thalmann, Animation Control with Dynamics, State of the Art in Computer Animation, p.113124, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/978-4-431-68293-6_9

G. Ashraf and K. C. Wong, Generating Consistent Motion Transition via Decoupled Framespace Interpolation, Computer Graphics Forum, vol.19, issue.3, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8659.00437
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.101.1790

G. Ashraf and K. C. Wong, Constrained framespace interpolation, Proceedings Computer Animation 2001. Fourteenth Conference on Computer Animation (Cat. No.01TH8596), p.6172, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/CA.2001.982378
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.23.5480

C. G. Atkeson and J. M. Hollerbach, Kinematic features of unrestrained arm movements, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.5, p.23182330, 1985.

A. Aubel and D. Thalmann, Realistic Deformation of Human Body Shapes, Proceedings of Computer Animation and Simulation, p.125135, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-6344-3_10

A. Aubel and D. Thalmann, Ecient muscle shape deformation, Deformable Avatars, p.132142, 2001.
DOI : 10.1007/978-0-306-47002-8_12
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.14.4759

A. Aubel and D. Thalmann, Interactive modeling of the human musculature, Proceedings Computer Animation 2001. Fourteenth Conference on Computer Animation (Cat. No.01TH8596), 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/CA.2001.982390

S. Barthélemy, P. Bidaud, A. Micaelli, and C. Andriot, Stability Measure of Postural Dynamic Equilibrium for Humanoids, Proceedings of the 10th International Conference on Climbing and Walking Robots, 2007.

F. Bennis, P. Weger, and S. Caro, Etat de l'art de la conception robuste de mécanismes, Proceeding Journée AIP-PRIMECA sur les méthodes non déterministes en conception intégrée, 2002.

N. Bernstein, The Co-ordination and Regulation of Movements, 1967.

J. Bjornstrup, Estimation of human body segment parameters : Historical background . Rapport technique, 1995.

B. Bodenheimer, C. Rose, S. Rosenthal, and J. Pella, The Process of Motion Capture: Dealing with the Data, Eurographics Workshop on Computer Animation and Simulation, p.318, 1997.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-6874-5_1

R. Boulic, N. Magnenat-thalmann, and D. Thalmann, A global human walking model with real-time kinematic personication, Visual Computer, vol.6, issue.6, p.344358, 1990.

R. Boulic, R. Boulic, and D. Thalmann, Combined Direct and Inverse Kinematic Control for Articulated Figure Motion Editing, Computer Graphics Forum, vol.11, issue.4, 1992.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8659.1140189

R. Boulic, R. Mas, and D. Thalmann, Inverse Kinetics for Center of Mass Position Control and Posture Optimization, Proc. European Workshop on Combined Real and Synthetic Image Processingfor Broadcast and video Production, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/978-1-4471-3035-2_20

R. Boulic, R. Boulic, and R. Mas, Hierarchical kinematic behaviors for complex articulated gures . Interactive computer animation, p.4070, 1996.

R. Boulic, R. Mas, and D. Thalmann, A robust approach for the center of mass position control with inverse kinetics, Journal of Computer and Graphics, vol.20, issue.5, 1996.

R. Boulic, P. Bécheiraz, L. Emering, and D. Thalmann, Integration of motion control techniques for virtual human and avatar real-time animation, Proceedings of the ACM symposium on Virtual reality software and technology , VRST '97, p.111118, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/261135.261156

R. Boulic, P. Fua, L. Herda, M. Silaghi, J. S. Monzani et al., An anatomic human body for motion capture, Proceedings in EMMSEC 98, 1998.

R. Boulic, M. C. Silaghi, and D. Thalmann, Visualization of Local Movements for Optimal Marker Positioning, Proceedings of AMDO 00, the CPR '2000, Workshop on Articulated Motion and Deformable Objects, p.133144, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/10722604_12

W. J. Braun, R. Rebollar, and E. F. Schiller, Computer aided planning and design of manual assembly systems, International Journal of Production Research, vol.43, issue.8, p.23172333, 1996.
DOI : 10.1016/0360-8352(90)90052-N

A. Bruderlin and T. W. Calvert, Goal-Directed, Dynamic Animation of Human Walking, Proceeding on SIGGRAPH, p.233242, 1989.

D. B. Chan, Development of Computerized Human Static strenght simulation model for job design, Human Factors and Ergonomics in manufacturing, vol.7, issue.4, p.305322, 1997.

K. J. Choi and H. S. Ko, On-line motion retargetting, The Journal Of Visualisation and Computer Animation, vol.11, issue.5, p.223235, 2000.

M. G. Choi, J. Lee, and S. Y. Shin, Planning biped locomotion using motion capture data and probabilistic roadmaps, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.22, issue.2, p.182203, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/636886.636889

S. Thrun, Principles of Robot Motion. Theory, Algorithms, and Implementation, 2005.

. Measurer-'s and . Handbook, Army Antropometric Survey 1987-1988, Rapport n ? Natick, 1988.

A. Coblentz, A. Coblentz, R. Mollard, and C. Renaud, ERGOMAN: 3-D Representation of Human Operator and Man-Machine Systems, International Journal of Human Factors in Manufacturing, vol.2, issue.2, p.167178, 1991.
DOI : 10.1002/hfm.4530010206

M. F. Cohen, Interactive Spacetime Control for Animation, Proceedings of SIG- GRAPH Computer Graphics, p.293302, 1992.

D. Colombini, An observational method for classifying exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs, Ergonomics, vol.43, issue.9, p.12611289, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/0169-8141(92)90058-8

H. Cruse and M. Brüwer, The human arm as a redundant manipulator: The control of path and joint angles, Biological Cybernetics, vol.1, issue.1-2, p.137144, 1987.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00318723

J. C. Culioli, Introduction à l'Optimisation, 1994.

B. Das, A. A. Shikdar, and T. Winters, Workstation redesign for a repetitive drill press operation: A combined work design and ergonomics approach, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, vol.18, issue.4, p.395410, 2007.
DOI : 10.1002/hfm.20060

S. L. Delp and J. P. Loan, A graphics-based software system to develop and analyze models of musculoskeletal structures, Computers in Biology and Medicine, vol.25, issue.1, p.2134, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0010-4825(95)98882-E

M. Desmurget, M. Jordan, C. Prablanc, and M. Jeannerod, Constrained and unconstrained movements involve dierent control strategies, The Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.77, issue.3, p.16641650, 1997.
DOI : 10.1017/s0140525x00040760

M. Desmurget, H. Grea, and C. Prablanc, Final posture of the upper limb depends on the initial position of the hand during prehension movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.119, issue.4, p.511516, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050367

E. Dombre and W. Khalil, Modélisation et commande des robots. Hermès, 1988.

R. Drillis, R. Drillis, and R. Contini, Body segment parameters. Rapport technique 1163-03, 1966.

G. Dumont, Animation des scènes tridimensionnelles : la mécanique des solides comme modèle de synthèse du mouvement, 1990.

S. A. Engelbrecht, Minimum Principles in Motor Control, Journal of Mathematical Psychology, vol.45, issue.3, p.497542, 2001.
DOI : 10.1006/jmps.2000.1295

C. Esteves, G. Arechavaleta, and J. P. Laumond, Motion planning for human-robot interaction in manipulation tasks, IEEE International Conference Mechatronics and Automation, 2005, p.17661771, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICMA.2005.1626827

C. Esteves, G. Arechavaleta, J. Pettré, and J. P. Laumond, Animation Planning for Virtual Characters Cooperation, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.25, issue.2, p.319339, 2006.
DOI : 10.1145/1401132.1401204
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00473300

J. R. Flanagan and D. Ostry, Trajectories of human multi-joint arm movements : Evidence of joint level planning. Lecture notes in Control and Information Sciences [Flash T. 85] Flash T. & Hogan N. The coordination of arm movements : an experimentally conrmed mathematical model, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.139, issue.5 7, pp.594613-16881703, 1985.

J. Y. Fourquet, V. Hue, and P. Chiron, OLARGE : on kinematic schemes and regularization for automatic generation of human motion and ergonomic evaluation of workplaces, IECON 2007, 33rd Annual Conference of the IEEE Industrial Electronics Society, 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/IECON.2007.4460252

D. Furukawa, K. Mori, and Y. Suenaga, Human spine posture estimation from video images based on connected vertebra spheres model, Proceedings Computer Animation 2001. Fourteenth Conference on Computer Animation (Cat. No.01TH8596), p.174181, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/CA.2001.982391

A. Garg, 76] Garg A. A metabolic rate prediction model for manual materials handling jobs

C. C. Gielen, E. J. Vrijenhoek, T. Flash, and S. F. Neggers, Arm Position Constraints During Pointing and Reaching in 3-D Space, The Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.78, issue.2, p.660673, 1997.

M. Girard and A. A. Maciejewski, Computational modeling for the computer animation of legged gures, Proceeding of ACM SIGGRAPH, p.263270, 1985.

M. Gleicher, H. J. Shin, L. Kovar, and A. Jepsen, Snap-Together Motion : Assembling Run-Time Animations, Proceedings of Symposium on Interactive 3D Graphics, 2003.
DOI : 10.1145/1201775.882333

S. Gomes, J. C. Sagot, A. Koukam, and N. Leroy, MANCEROS, a new tool providing ergonomics in a concurrent engineering design life cycle, 4th Annual Scientic Conference on Web Technology Avril, pp.25-28, 1999.

S. Gomez, Contribution de l'analyse de l'activité au processus de conception de produits innovants, Application à la conception de systèmes de contrôle-commande automobiles, 1999.

C. C. Gordon, B. Bradtmiller, T. Churchill, C. E. Clauser, J. T. Mc-conville et al., Army personnel : Methods and Summary Statistics, Anthropometric survey of U.S, 1988.

C. C. Gordon, T. Churchill, C. E. Clauser, B. Bradtmiller, J. T. Mc-conville et al., Army personnel : Summary statistics interim report, Rapport n ? Natick, Anthropometric survey of U.S, 1988.

J. P. Gourret and N. Magnenat-thalmann, Simulation of object and human skin deformations in a grasping task, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH'89, p.2130, 1989.

H. Gréa, M. Desmurget, and C. Prablanc, Postural invariance in three-dimensional reaching and grasping movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.134, issue.2, p.155162, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210000427

D. E. Gyi, R. Marshall, R. E. Oliver, J. M. Porter, and K. Case, The development of a Computer Design Tool for Virtual User Trials : Data Collection Methods, 2001.

P. Haggard, P. Haggard, K. Hutchinson, and J. Stein, Patterns of coordinated multi-joint movement, Experimental Brain Research, vol.107, issue.2, p.254266, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00230046

L. Herda, P. Fua, R. Plänkers, R. Boulic, and D. Thalmann, Skeleton-based motion capture for robust reconstruction of human motion, Proceedings Computer Animation 2000, 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/CA.2000.889046

L. Herda, P. Fua, R. Plänkers, R. Boulic, and D. Thalmann, Using Skeleton-Based Trackong to Increase the Reliability of Optical Motion Capture, Human Movement Science, vol.20, issue.3, p.313341, 2001.

F. Hermens and S. Gielen, Posture-based or trajectory-based movement planning: a comparison of direct and indirect pointing movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.14, issue.3, p.340348, 2004.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-004-1959-1

H. Hicheur, S. Vieilledent, M. J. Richardson, T. Flash, and A. Berthoz, Velocity and curvature in human locomotion along complex curved paths: a comparison with hand movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.198, issue.2, p.145154, 2005.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-004-2122-8

N. Hogan, An organizing principle for a class of voluntary movements, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.4, p.27452754, 1984.

J. M. Hollerbach, Planning of arm movement, Visual Cognition and Action, p.183211, 1990.

J. M. Hollerbach and T. Flash, Dynamic interactions between limb segments during planar arm movement, Biological Cybernetics, vol.1, issue.1, p.6777, 1982.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00353957

Z. Huang, N. Magnenat-thalmann, and D. Thalmann, Interactive Human Motion Control Using a Closed-Form of Direct and Inverse Dynamics, Fundamentals of Computer Graphics, 1994.
DOI : 10.1142/9789814503860_0016

V. Hue, J. Y. Fourquet, P. Chiron, and G. Hourriez, GENERATION OF POSTURE AND HUMAN MOVEMENT FOR WORKSPACE DESIGN, 8th International IFAC Symposium on Robot Control, 2006.
DOI : 10.3182/20060906-3-IT-2910.00072

V. Hue, P. Chiron, and J. Y. Fourquet, On automatic generation of human motion for ergonomic evaluation of workplace and tasks, 3rd Innovative Production Machines and Systems Virtual Conference, 2007.

V. Hue, J. Y. Fourquet, P. Chiron, and J. Gagne, OLARGE : A tool for automatic generation of human motion and ergonomic evaluation of workplace and tasks, 13th IEEE IFAC International Conference on Methods and Models in Automation and Robotics, 2007.

V. Hue, J. Y. Fourquet, and P. Chiron, Minimization in task and joint spaces and automatic generation of realistic human motion, 10th International Conference on Control, Automation, Robotics and Vision, 2008.

J. Järvinen and W. Karwowski, Applications of knowledge-based expert systems in industrial ergonomics : a review and appraisal. Computer application in ergonomics, occupational safety and health, p.4554, 1992.

P. Jiménez, F. Thomas, and C. Torras, Collision detection algorithms for motion planning, p.305343, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/BFb0036075

T. R. Kaminski and A. M. Gentile, Joint Control Strategies and Hand Trajectories in Multijoint Pointing Movements, Journal of Motor Behavior, vol.5, issue.3, p.261278, 1986.
DOI : 10.1080/00222895.1986.10735381

T. R. Kaminski, C. Bock, and A. M. Gentile, The coordination between trunk and arm motion during pointing movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.106, issue.3, p.457466, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00231068

A. I. Kapandji, Physiologie articulaire tome 3 : tronc et rachis

A. I. Kapandji, Physiologie articulaire tome 1 : membre supérieur

O. Karu, P. Kansi, and I. Kouarinka, Correcting working postures in industry: A practical method for analysis, Applied Ergonomics, vol.8, issue.4, 1977.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-6870(77)90164-8

L. E. Kavraki, P. Svestka, J. C. Latombe, and M. H. Overmars, Probabilistic Roadmaps for Path Planning in High-Dimensional Conguration Spaces, IEEE Transactions on Robotics and Automation, vol.12, issue.4, p.566580, 1996.

W. Khalil and J. F. Kleinnger, A new geometric notation for open and closed-loop robots, Proceedings. 1986 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, p.11741180, 1986.
DOI : 10.1109/ROBOT.1986.1087552

O. A. Khatib, Unied Approach for Motion and Force Control of Robot Manipulators : The Operational Space Formulation, IEEE Journal of Robotics and Automation, vol.3, issue.1, p.4353, 1987.

K. H. Kim, R. B. Gillespie, and B. J. Martin, Modeling the coordinated movements of the head and hand using dierential inverse kinematics, 2004.

Y. Koga, K. Kondo, and J. Kuner, Planning motions with intentions, Proceedings of the 21st annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques , SIGGRAPH '94, p.395408, 1994.
DOI : 10.1145/192161.192266

T. Komura, E. S. Ho, and R. W. Lau, Animating reactive motion using momentum-based inverse kinematics, Computer Animation and Virtual Worlds, vol.24, issue.3-4, p.213223, 2005.
DOI : 10.1002/cav.101

L. Kovar, M. Gleicher, and F. Pighin, Motion Graphs, Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.473482, 2002.
DOI : 10.1145/1401132.1401202

F. M. Kühn and W. Laurig, Computer-aided workload analysis using MTM, 1990.

F. Lacquaniti and J. F. Soechting, Coordination of arm and wrist motion during a reaching task, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.2, issue.4, p.399408, 1982.

F. Lacquaniti, J. F. Soechting, and S. A. Terzuolo, Path constraints on point-to-point arm movements in three-dimensional space, Neuroscience, vol.17, issue.2, p.313324, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/0306-4522(86)90249-6

J. Lauring, Ergonomic workplace design -Development of a practitioner's tool for enhanced productivity, 2004.

J. Lee, J. Chai, P. S. Reitsma, J. K. Hodgins, and N. S. Pollard, Interactive Control of Avatars Animated with Human Motion Data, Proceedings of the 29th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques, p.491500, 2002.

J. Lee and K. H. Lee, Precomputing Avatar Behavior From Human Motion Data, Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, p.7987, 2004.

G. Leitmann, 81] Leitmann G. The calculus of variations and optimal control, 1981.

R. Lemos, R. Lemos, M. Epstein, W. Herzog, and B. Wyvill, Realistic skeletal muscle deformation using nite element analysis, Proceeding XIV Brazilian Symposium on Computer Graphics and Image Processing SIBGRAPI'01, 2001.

S. Lim, B. J. Martin, and M. K. Chung, The eects of target location on temporal coordination of the upper body during 3D seated reaches considering the range of motion, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol.34, p.395405, 2004.

V. Louhevaara, V. Louhevaara, and T. Suurnäkki, OWAS : A method for the evaluation of postural load during work. Training publication. Institute of Occupational Heath, Centre for Occupational Safety, 1992.

S. Ma and A. G. Feldman, Two functionally dierent synergies during arm reaching movements involving the trunk, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.73, issue.5, p.21202122, 1995.

A. A. Maciejewski and C. A. Klein, Numerical ltering for the operation of robotic manipulators through kinematically singular congurations, Journal of Robotics Systems, vol.5, issue.6, p.527552, 1988.

A. A. Maciejewski, Dealing with the ill-conditioned equations of motion for articulated figures, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.10, issue.3, p.6371, 1990.
DOI : 10.1109/38.55154

J. Marsot and L. Claudon, Etat de l'art des méthodes et outils utilisés pour l'évaluation en conception d'un poste de travail

M. Mattila and W. Karwowski, ErgoSHAPE -a design oriented ergonomic tool for AutoCAD, Proceedings of the International Conference on Computer-Aided Ergonomics and Safety'92, CAES'92 Mai, pp.18-20, 1992.

W. Maurel, D. Thalmann, P. Homeyer, P. Beylot, P. Gingins et al., A Biomechanical Muskoskeletal Model of Human Upper Limb for Dynamic Simulation, Proc. 7h Eurographics Workshop on Animation and Simulation, 1996.

W. Maurel and D. Thalmann, Human Shoulder Modeling Including Scapulo-Thoracic Constraint and Joint Sinus Cones. Computers and Graphics, p.203218, 2000.

L. Mcatamney and E. N. Corlett, RULA: a survey method for the investigation of work-related upper limb disorders, Applied Ergonomics, vol.24, issue.2, p.9199, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-6870(93)90080-S

S. Ménardais, F. Multon, R. Kulpa, and B. Arnaldi, Motion blending for real-time animation while accounting for the environment, Proceedings Computer Graphics International, 2004., 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/CGI.2004.1309206

R. C. Miall and P. Haggard, The curvature of human arm movements in the absence of visual experience, Experimental Brain Research, vol.103, issue.3, p.421428, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00241501

T. Molet, R. Boulic, and D. Thalmann, Human Motion Capture Driven by Orientation Measurements, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.11, issue.2, p.187203, 1999.
DOI : 10.1162/pres.1996.5.4.393

G. Monheit and N. I. Badler, A kinematic model of the human spine and torso, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.11, issue.2
DOI : 10.1109/38.75588

J. Monzani, P. Baerlocher, R. Boulic, and D. Thalmann, Using an Intermediate Skeleton and Inverse Kinematics for Motion Retargeting, Proceedings of Eurographics, 2000.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8659.00393

J. S. Moore and A. Garg, The strain index. A proposed method to analyse jobs for risk of distal upper extremity disorders, American Industrial Hygiene Association Journal, vol.56, p.443458, 1995.

P. Morasso, Spatial control of arm movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.42, issue.2, p.223227, 1981.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00236911

F. Multon, Contrôle du mouvement des humanoïdes de synthèse, Thèse, 1998.

F. Multon, Analyse, modélisation et simulation du mouvement humain, HDR, 2006.

F. Multon, R. Kulpa, and B. Bideau, MKM: A Global Framework for Animating Humans in Virtual Reality Applications, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.17, issue.1, p.1728, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/70.86079
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/inria-00441132

Y. Nakamura, K. Yamane, Y. Fujita, and I. Suzuki, Somatosensory computation for man-machine interface from motion-capture data and musculoskeletal human model, IEEE Transactions on Robotics, vol.21, issue.1, p.5866, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/TRO.2004.833798

E. Nakano, H. Imamizu, R. Osu, Y. Uno, H. Gomi et al., Quantitative examinations of internal representations for arm trajectory planning : Minimum commanded torque change model, Journal of Neurophysiology, vol.81, p.21402155, 1999.

[. Anthropometry-for-designersanthropology-sta, /. Webb-associates, and N. Rp, Anthropometric Source Book, p.778, 1024.

L. P. Nedel, 98] Nedel L.P. & Thalmann D. Modeling and deformation of the human body using an anatomically-based approch, Proceedings of Computer Animation'98, p.3440, 1998.

V. Ng-thow-hing and W. Shao, Modular Components for Detailed Kinematic Modelling of Joints, 2003.

J. T. Ngo and J. Marks, Spacetime constraints revisited, Proceedings of the 20th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques , SIGGRAPH '93, p.343350, 1993.
DOI : 10.1145/166117.166160
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.42.2303

K. C. Nishikawa, K. C. Nishikawa, S. T. Murray, and M. Flanders, Do arm postures vary with the speed of reaching, Journal of neurophysiology, vol.81, p.25822586, 1997.

J. O-'brien, J. 00-]-o-'brien, R. E. Bodenheimer-jr, G. Brostow, and J. K. Hodgins, Automatic joint parameter estimation from magnetic motion capture data, Proceedings of Graphics Interface, p.5360, 2000.

E. Occhipinti, OCRA: a concise index for the assessment of exposure to repetitive movements of the upper limbs, Ergonomics, vol.43, issue.9, p.12901311, 1998.
DOI : 10.1080/00140139308967940

C. L. Ogden, C. D. Fryar, M. D. Caroll, and K. M. Flegal, Mean Body Weight, Height, and Body Mass Index, United States Advance Data From Vital and Health Statistics, 1960.

R. Osu, Y. Uno, Y. Koike, and M. Kawato, Possible explanations for trajectory curvature in multijoint arm movements., Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance, vol.23, issue.3, p.890913, 1997.
DOI : 10.1037/0096-1523.23.3.890

C. L. Owings, C. L. Owings, D. B. Chan, R. G. Snyder, and R. H. Norcutt, Strength characteristics of U.S. children for product safety design, 1975.

C. Papaxanthis, T. Pozzo, and M. Schieppati, Trajectories of arm pointing movements on the sagittal plane vary with both direction and speed, Experimental Brain Research, vol.99, issue.4, p.498503, 2003.
DOI : 10.1007/s002210050397

S. J. Park, S. J. Park, C. B. Kim, and S. C. Park, Anthropometric and Biomechanical Characteristics on Body Segments of Koreans, Applied Human Science Journal of Physiological Anthropology, vol.18, issue.3, p.9199, 1999.

J. Pettré, Planication de Mouvements de Marche pour Acteurs Digitaux, 2003.

N. S. Pollard and F. Behmaram-mosavat, Force-based motion editing for locomotion tasks, Proceedings 2000 ICRA. Millennium Conference. IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation. Symposia Proceedings (Cat. No.00CH37065), 2000.
DOI : 10.1109/ROBOT.2000.844128

J. M. Porter, R. Marshall, M. Freer, K. Case, and . Sammie, A computer-aided ergonomics design toll. Working Postures and Movements, Tools for evaluation and Engineering, p.454462, 2004.

T. Pozzo, P. J. Stapley, and C. Papaxanthis, Coordination between equilibrium and hand trajectories during whole body pointing movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.144, issue.3, p.343350, 2002.
DOI : 10.1007/s00221-002-1052-6

N. Pronost, G. Dumont, G. Berillon, and G. Nicolas, Morphological and stance interpolations in database for simulating bipedalism of virtual humans, The Visual Computer, vol.22, issue.1, p.413, 2006.
DOI : 10.1007/s00371-005-0350-y

D. J. Ramcharam, D. J. Ramcharam, and L. A. Martin-vega, Easy Task Analysis : a prototype expert system for computerized work method, 1990.

U. Raschke, The Jack human simulation tool. Working Postures and Movements, Tools for evaluation and Engineering, p.431437, 1999.

M. Renaud, Comment dénir l'orientation d'un corps, Rapport technique n ? 96078, LAAS, 1996.

S. Rice, Boeing Human Modeling System. Working Postures and Movements, Tools for evaluation and Engineering, p.462465, 2004.

W. Rohmert, Problems in determining rest allowances, Applied Ergonomics, vol.4, issue.2, p.9195, 1973.
DOI : 10.1016/0003-6870(73)90082-3

Y. Roquelaure, C. Ha, and M. Sauteron, Réseau expérimental de surveillance épidémiologique des troubles musculo-squelettiques dans les Pays de la Loire, 2002.

D. A. Rosenbaum, L. D. Loukopoulos, R. G. Meulenbriek, J. Vaughan, and S. E. Engelbrecht, Planinng reaches by evaluating stored posture, Psycological Review, vol.102, p.2867, 1995.

E. Rossi, A. Mitnitski, and A. G. Feldman, Sequential control signals determine arm and trunk contributions to hand transport during reaching in humans, The Journal of Physiology, vol.107, issue.2, p.659671, 2002.
DOI : 10.1113/jphysiol.2001.012809

K. Schaub, K. Landau, R. Menges, and K. Grobmann, A computer-aided tool for ergonomic workplace design and preventive health care, Human Factors and Ergonomics in Manufacturing, vol.7, issue.4, p.269304, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/(SICI)1520-6564(199723)7:4<269::AID-HFM2>3.0.CO;2-1

F. Scheepers, R. E. Parent, W. E. Carlson, and S. F. May, Anatomy-based modeling of the human musculature, Proceedings of the 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques , SIGGRAPH '97, 1997.
DOI : 10.1145/258734.258827

L. W. Schneider, D. H. Robbins, M. A. Pug, and R. G. Snyder, Anthropometric specications for mid-sized male dummy, Volume II, Rapport N ? UMTR 1-83-53- 2, 1983.

L. W. Schneider, D. H. Robbins, M. A. Pug, and R. G. Snyder, Anthropometric specications for small female and large male dummies, Volume III, Rapport N ? UMTR 1-83-53-3, 1983.

L. W. Schneider, D. H. Robbins, M. A. Pug, and R. G. Snyder, Development of anthropometrically based design specications for an advanced adult anthropomorphic dummy family, Volume I, Rapport N ? UMTR 1-83-53-1, 1983.

V. Seth, R. L. Weston, and A. Freivalds, Development of a cumulative trauma disorder risk assessment model for the upper extremities, International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, vol.23, issue.4, p.281291, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0169-8141(98)00045-6

S. Snook and V. Ciriello, The design of manual handling tasks: revised tables of maximum acceptable weights and forces, Ergonomics, vol.16, issue.9, p.11971213, 1991.
DOI : 10.1080/0002889708506296

&. Schork and M. A. , Anthropometry of infants, children and youths to age 18 for product safety design, rapport N ? UM-HSRI-77-17, 1975.

R. G. Snyder, M. L. Spencer, C. L. Owings, and L. W. Schneider, Physical characteristics of children as a related to death and injury for consumer product safety design, rapport N ? UM-HSRI-BI-75-5, 1975.

J. F. Soechting and F. Lacquaniti, Invariant characteristics of a pointing movement in man, The Journal of Neuroscience, vol.1, issue.7, p.710720, 1981.

J. F. Soechting, C. A. Buneo, U. Herrmann, and M. Flanders, Moving eortlessly in three dimensions : does Donders' law apply to arm movement, Journal of Neuroscience, vol.15, p.62716280, 1995.

H. C. Sun and D. N. Metaxas, Automating gait generation, Proceedings of the 28th annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques , SIGGRAPH '01, p.261269, 2001.
DOI : 10.1145/383259.383288

M. Suzuki, Y. Yamazaki, N. Mizuno, and K. Matsunami, Trajectory formation of the center-of-mass of the arm during reaching movements, Neuroscience, vol.76, issue.2, p.597610, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0306-4522(96)00364-8

M. M. Svinin, Y. Masui, Z. W. Luo, and S. Hosoe, On the dynamic version of the minimum hand jerk criterion, Proceedings of 2004 IEEE, 2004.

J. Teran, S. Blemker, T. Hing, V. Ng, &. Fedkiw et al., Finite volume methods for the simulation of skeletal muscle, Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, 2003.

D. Thalmann, J. Shen, and E. Chauvineau, Fast realistic human body deformations for animation and VR applications, Proceedings of CG International '96, p.166174, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/CGI.1996.511798

A. N. Tikhonov, 63] Tikhonov A. N. Solutions of incorrectly formulated problems and regularization method, Soviet Math. Dokl, vol.4, p.10351038, 1963.

D. Tolani and N. Badler, Real-Time Inverse Kinematics of the Human Arm, Presence: Teleoperators and Virtual Environments, vol.62, issue.2, p.393401, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/38.55154

D. Tolani, A. Goswami, and N. I. Badler, Real-Time Inverse Kinematics Techniques for Anthropomorphic Limbs, Graphical Models, vol.62, issue.5, p.353388, 2000.
DOI : 10.1006/gmod.2000.0528

Y. Uno, M. Kawato, and R. Suzuki, Formation and control of optimal trajectory in human multijoint arm movement, Biological Cybernetics, vol.61, issue.2, p.89101, 1989.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00204593

S. Vieilledent, Y. Kerlirzin, S. Dalbera, and A. Berthoz, Relationship between velocity and curvature of a human locomotor trajectory, Neuroscience Letters, vol.305, issue.1, p.6569, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3940(01)01798-0

J. Wang and B. Bodenheimer, An Evaluation of a Cost Metric for Selecting Transitions between Motion Segments, Eurographics/SIGGRAPH Symposium on Computer Animation, p.232238, 2003.

X. Wang, Three-dimensional kinematic analysis of inuence of hand orientation and joint limits on the control of arm postures and movements, Biological Cybernetics, vol.80, p.449463, 1999.

T. R. Waters, T. R. Waters, V. Putz-anderson, A. Garg, and L. J. Fine, Revised NIOSH equation for the design and evaluation of manual lifting tasks, Ergonomics, vol.3, issue.7, p.749776, 1993.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00952252

C. Wei and R. K. Jensen, The application of segment axial density proles to a human body inertial model, Journal of Biomechanics, vol.28, issue.1, p.103108, 1995.

D. J. Wiley and J. K. Hahn, Interpolation synthesis of articulated gure motion, Virtual Reality IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, p.3945, 1997.

J. Wilhelms, Animals with anatomy, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.17, issue.3, p.2230, 1997.
DOI : 10.1109/38.586015

J. Wilhelms and A. V. Gelder, Anatomically based modelling, 24th annual conference on Computer graphics and intercative techniques, SIGGRAPH 97, p.173180, 1997.

A. Witkin, A. Witkin, and Z. Popovic, Motion warping, Proceedings of the 22nd annual conference on Computer graphics and interactive techniques , SIGGRAPH '95, p.105108, 1995.
DOI : 10.1145/218380.218422

M. Wolpert, Z. Ghahramani, and M. Jordan, Perceptual distortion contributes to the curvature of human reaching movements, Experimental Brain Research, vol.98, issue.1, p.153156, 1994.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00229120

M. Wolpert, Z. Ghahramani, and M. Jordan, Are arm trajectories planned in kinematic or dynamic coordinates? An adaptation study, Experimental Brain Research, vol.103, issue.3, p.460470, 1995.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00241505

K. Yamanaka, Y. Wada, and M. Kawato, Quantitative examinations for human arm trajectoy planning in three-dimensional space, Systems and Computers, vol.34, issue.7, p.493503, 2003.

K. Yamane, J. J. Kuner, and J. K. Hodgins, Synthesizing animations of human manipulation tasks, Proceedings in SIGGRAPH2004, p.532539, 2004.

E. Yoshida, . Belousov-i, C. Esteves, and J. Laumond, Humanoid motion planning for dynamic tasks, 5th IEEE-RAS International Conference on Humanoid Robots, 2005., p.16, 2005.
DOI : 10.1109/ICHR.2005.1573536

D. Zeltzer, Motor Control Techniques for Figure Animation, IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, vol.2, issue.9, p.5359, 1982.
DOI : 10.1109/MCG.1982.1674489

J. Zhao and N. I. Badler, Inverse kinematics positioning using nonlinear programming for highly articulated gures, ACM Transactions on Graphics, vol.13, issue.4, p.313336, 1994.

Q. H. Zhu, Y. Chen, and A. Kaufman, Real-time Biomechanically-based Muscle Volume Deformation using FEM, Computer Graphics Forum, vol.17, issue.3, 1999.
DOI : 10.1111/1467-8659.00274
URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.88.2314

V. B. Zordan and J. K. Hodgins, Tracking and Modifying Upper-body Human Motion Data with Dynamic Simulation, Proceedings of Computer Animation and Simulation, p.1322, 1999.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-7091-6423-5_2

V. B. Zordan, A. Majkowska, B. Chiu, and M. Fast, Dynamic Response for Motion Capture Animation, Proceedings of SIGGRAPH, p.697701, 2005.

L. Zuo, J. T. Li, and Z. Q. Wang, Anatomical human musculature modeling for realtime deformation, Journal of WSCG, vol.11, issue.1, 2003.