24 montre, la distribution spatiale des atomes de Co et de M n au sein d'une seule séquence de l'échantillon sans spacer de P t (figure IV-24(a)) et au sein d'une séquence de l'échantillon avec spacer de P t ,
Characterization of a Time Multiplexed Inductively Coupled Plasma Etcher, J. Electrochem. Soc, vol.339, pp.146-60, 1999. ,
Giant Magnetoresistance of (001)Fe/(001)Cr Magnetic Superlattices, Physical Review Letters, vol.61, issue.21, pp.61-2472, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.61.2472
Magnetic domain replication in interacting bilayers with out-of-plane anisotropy : Application to Co/Pt multilayers, Phys. Rev. B, pp.75-014406, 2007. ,
Bimodal distribution of blocking temperature in exchange-biased ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers, Physical Review B, vol.81, issue.5, pp.81-052404, 2010. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.81.052404
A general protocol for the reconstruction of 3D atom probe data, Applied Surface Science, vol.87, issue.88, pp.298-90, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0169-4332(94)00561-3
Reconstruction tridimensionnelle des images de tomographie atomique, p.90, 1997. ,
Structure-property correlations in Pt/Co multilayers for magneto-optic recording, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.134, issue.1, pp.134-175, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1016/0304-8853(94)90089-2
Interface structure and perpendicular magnetic anisotropy in Pt/Co multilayers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.77, issue.8, pp.77-118, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.358577
Exchange anisotropy ??? a review, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.200, issue.1-3, pp.200-228, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-8853(99)00453-9
Dépôts par pulvérisation cathodique, pp.1657-52, 1985. ,
Pulvérisation cathodique magnétron " . Techniques de l'Ingénieur, pp.1654-52, 2005. ,
Enhanced magnetoresistance in layered magnetic structures with antiferromagnetic interlayer exchange, Physical Review B, vol.39, issue.7, pp.39-75, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.39.4828
An atom probe for three-dimensional tomography, Nature, vol.432, issue.23, pp.363-54, 1993. ,
The tomographic atom probe : A quantitative three-dimensional nanoanalytical instrument on an atomic scale, Rev. Sci. Instrum, vol.64, pp.2911-2934, 1993. ,
Les SQUID et leurs applications, Techniques de l'Ingénieur, p.67, 1996. ,
Investigation of the exchange mechanism in NiFe???TbCo bilayers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.67, issue.9, pp.67-102, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.346107
Perpendicular Interlayer Coupling in N i 80 F e 20, Phys. Rev. Lett, pp.91-027201, 2003. ,
Application of a position???sensitive detector to atom probe microanalysis, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.59, issue.6, pp.59-54, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.1139794
Structural and magnetic studies of exchange bias films of Ir(20)Mn(80), Journal of Applied Physics, vol.87, issue.9, p.45, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.373205
Microstructure and magnetic anisotropy of ultrathin Co/Pt multilayers grown on GaAs (111) by molecular-beam epitaxy, J. Appl. Phys, vol.5799, issue.41, pp.72-81, 1992. ,
Mesoscopic magnetism and the phenomenon of exchange anisotropy : MBE grown Cu(110)/N i 80 F e 20 /F e 50 M n 50 bilayers with corrugated interfaces, pp.319-350, 2002. ,
Mesures et Analyses, pp.1080-63, 1962. ,
Magnetic, temperature, and corrosion properties of the NiFe/IrMn exchange couple, J. Appl. Phys, vol.7216, pp.83-128, 1998. ,
Capteurs magnétorésistifs, pp.416-454, 2000. ,
Spin valves, in Magnetoelectronics, p.39, 2004. ,
Giant magnetoresistive in soft ferromagnetic multilayers, Phys. Rev. B, vol.26, pp.43-1297, 1991. ,
Correlation between perpendicular exchange bias and magnetic anisotropy in IrMn, J. Appl. Phys, pp.97-063907, 2005. ,
Anisotropie Pinned magnetization in the antiferromagnet and ferromagnet of an exchange bias system, Phys. Rev. B, pp.22-75, 2002. ,
Spin-valve giant magnetoresistive films with antiferromagnetic Ir-Mn layers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.81, issue.8, pp.81-4004, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.364920
Exchange bias in (P t/Co 0.9 F e 0.1 ) n /F eM n multilayers with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy, J ,
Large anomalous enhancement of perpendicular exchange bias by introduction of a nonmagnetic spacer between the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic layers, Applied Physics Letters, vol.83, issue.17, pp.40-43, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.1619562
Design of a femtosecond laser assisted tomographic atom probe, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.77, issue.4, pp.77-043705, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.2194089
Magnetic susceptibility and magnetic domain configuration as a function of the layer thickness in epitaxial FePd(0 0 1) thin films ordered in the L1 o structure, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, vol.172, issue.26, p.86, 1997. ,
Analytical solutions for exchange bias and coercivity in ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers, Physical Review B, vol.62, issue.9, p.32, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.62.5627
Long-Range Exchange Bias across a Spacer Layer, Physical Review Letters, vol.79, issue.21, pp.79-102, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.79.4270
Perpendicular magnetic anisotropy and magnetostriction of sputtered Co/Pd and Co/Pt multilayered films, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.66, issue.10, pp.4909-4916, 1989. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.343760
Film thickness dependence of magnetooptical and magnetic properties in Co/Pt and Co/Pd multilayers, J. Appl. Phys, vol.4429, issue.85, pp.67-86, 1990. ,
Décalage d'échange et magnétorésistances dans des bicouches à base de ferrimagnétiques amorphes couplés par échange, p.28, 2006. ,
Magnétorésistance géante et électronique de spin " . Techniques de l'Ingénieur, pp.2135-2173, 2002. ,
Domain structure and magnetization reversal of antiferromagnetically coupled perpendicular anisotropy films, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.319, issue.1-2, pp.319-86, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.jmmm.2007.04.035
Magnetic anisotropy and structural characterization of Co/Pt superlattices grown along selected orientations by molecular???beam epitaxy, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.69, issue.8, pp.69-110, 1991. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.347923
Random-Field Instability of the Ordered State of Continuous Symmetry, Phys. Rev. Lett, pp.35-1399, 1975. ,
Magnetic anisotropy in metallic multilayers Tunneling between ferromagnetic films, Rep. Prog. Phys. Physics Letters A, vol.59, issue.225, pp.43-54, 1975. ,
Influence of Interface Roughness, Film Texture, and Magnetic Anisotropy on Exchange Bias in, P t IEEE Trans. Mag, vol.238, pp.44-86, 2008. ,
Angular dependence and interfacial roughness in exchange-biased ferromagnetic/antiferromagnetic bilayers, Phys. Rev. B, vol.8888, pp.61-93, 2000. ,
Hysteresis from antiferromagnet domain-wall processes in exchange-biased systems: Magnetic defects and thermal effects, Physical Review B, vol.71, issue.9, pp.71-094405, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.71.094405
Characteristics of perpendicular exchange bias in [Pt, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, vol.23, pp.310-2310, 2007. ,
Interface roughness effects on the surface anisotropy in Co/Pt multilayer films, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.80, issue.5, pp.80-3121, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.363124
Exchange bias theory, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.234, issue.3, p.28, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-8853(01)00421-8
Exchange-bias systems with compensated interfaces, Applied Physics Letters, vol.75, issue.25, pp.75-107, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.125517
URL : http://hdl.handle.net/10533/83985
Effect of energetic particle bombardment during sputter deposition on the properties of exchange???biased spin???valve multilayers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.77, issue.7, pp.77-2993, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.359565
Calculations of Exchange Bias in Thin Films with Ferromagnetic/Antiferromagnetic Interfaces, Physical Review Letters, vol.78, issue.25, pp.78-112, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.78.4865
Réseaux de plots magnétiques sub-microniques réalisés à partir de substrats pré-gravés, p.42, 2001. ,
Information storage materials: nanoscale characterisation by three-dimensional atom probe analysis, Acta Materialia, vol.52, issue.10, pp.52-2847, 2004. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.actamat.2004.03.015
Atom probe characterization of nanomagnetic materials, Thin Solid Films, vol.505, issue.1-2, pp.16-21, 2006. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.tsf.2005.10.012
Structural analysis of a (Pt/Co)3/IrMn multilayer: Investigation of sub-nanometric layers by tomographic atom probe, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.105, issue.8, pp.84307-105, 2009. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.3106636
Nanoscale characterization of powder materials by atom probe tomography, Powder Technology, vol.208, issue.2, pp.260-274, 2011. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.powtec.2010.08.014
Structural analysis and magnetic properties of (Pt/Co)3/PttPt/IrMn multilayers, Phys. Rev. B, pp.79-174434, 2009. ,
Microstructural dependence of magnetic properties of Pt/Co multilayer thin films, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.71, issue.2, pp.71-112, 1992. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.351304
Magnetic and structural properties of Fe???FeO bilayers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.76, issue.10, pp.76-111, 1994. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.358217
Closely linear temperature dependence of exchange bias and coercivity in out-of-plane exchange-biased, J. Appl. Phys, vol.3, issue.23, pp.94-1105, 2003. ,
Oscillatory Interlayer Exchange Coupling and Its Temperature Dependence in, Multilayers with Perpendicular Anisotropy, pp.91-037207, 2003. ,
Influence of grain size and oxidation on the magnetic properties of nanostructured Fe and Ni, Nanostructured Materials, vol.9, issue.1-8, p.35, 1997. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0965-9773(97)00115-3
Multilayers, Physical Review Letters, vol.87, issue.8, pp.87202-87242, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.87.087202
Random-field model of exchange anisotropy at rough ferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic interfaces, Physical Review B, vol.35, issue.7, p.33, 1987. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.35.3679
Mechanisms of exchange anisotropy (invited), Journal of Applied Physics, vol.63, issue.8, p.32, 1988. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.340591
Morphology and magnetic properties of Pt/Co/Pt sandwiches grown by argon sputter deposition, Journal of Magnetism and Magnetic Materials, vol.260, issue.1-2, pp.260-301, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-8853(02)01178-2
Simple model for thin ferromagnetic films exchange coupled to an antiferromagnetic substrate, J. Appl. Phys, vol.3047, issue.30, pp.62-93, 1987. ,
New Magnetic Anisotropy, Phys. Rev, vol.102, issue.32, p.35, 1413. ,
New Magnetic Anisotropy, Phys. Rev, vol.105, issue.29, p.32, 1957. ,
Exchange Anisotropy in the Iron???Iron Oxide System, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.29, issue.3, pp.29-35, 1958. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.1723179
Exchange Anisotropy???A Review, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.33, issue.3, pp.1328-1357, 1962. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.1728716
Creep and Flow Regimes of Magnetic Domain-Wall Motion in Ultrathin Pt/Co/Pt Films with Perpendicular Anisotropy, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.85, pp.99-217208, 2007. ,
Atom Probe Field Ion Microscopy, p.98, 1996. ,
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00254420
Large Magnetoresistance at Room Temperature in Ferromagnetic Thin Film Tunnel Junctions, Physical Review Letters, vol.74, issue.16, pp.74-111, 1995. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.3273
Magnetization reversal in perpendicular exchange-biased multilayers, The European Physical Journal B, vol.59, issue.2, pp.45-84, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1140/epjb/e2005-00182-7
The Atom-Probe Field Ion Microscope, Rev. Sci. Instrum, pp.39-83, 1968. ,
Perpendicular Magnetic Anisotropy Caused by Interfacial Hybridization via Enhanced Orbital Moment in Co/Pt Multilayers : Magnetic Circular X-Ray Dichroism Study, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.5229, pp.81-122, 1998. ,
Correlation between antiferromagnetic interface coupling and positive exchange bias, Physical Review B, vol.61, issue.2, pp.61-1315, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevB.61.1315
Exchange bias in nanostructures, Physics Reports, vol.422, issue.3, pp.65-117, 2005. ,
DOI : 10.1016/j.physrep.2005.08.004
-Fe Bilayers, Physical Review Letters, vol.76, issue.24, pp.4624-4658, 1996. ,
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.76.4624
Role of interfacial structure on exchange-biased F eF 2, Phys. Rev. B, vol.6984, issue.40, pp.59-93, 1999. ,
Exchange bias, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, vol.192, issue.27, pp.28-30, 1999. ,
simulation program ,
simulation program ,
Probing fast heating in magnetic tunnel junction structures with exchange bias, New Journal of Physics, vol.10, issue.10, pp.10-103006, 2008. ,
DOI : 10.1088/1367-2630/10/10/103006
Exchange Bias Effect of Ferro-/Antiferromagnetic Heterostructures, STMP, vol.227, issue.13, pp.97-130, 2007. ,
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-540-73462-8_3
WinPLOTR: A Windows Tool for Powder Diffraction Pattern Analysis, Materials Science Forum, vol.378, issue.381, pp.378-81, 2001. ,
DOI : 10.4028/www.scientific.net/MSF.378-381.118
Oxidation kinetics of thin and ultrathin cobalt films, J. Appl. Phys, vol.5199, pp.71-106, 1992. ,
Distribution of blocking temperature in bilayered N i 81 F e 19 /N iO films, J. Appl. Phys, vol.5356, p.76, 1994. ,
Enhanced unidirectional anisotropy of the Co 90 F e 10 /CrM nP t system by the NiO capping layer, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.3424, pp.71-116, 1997. ,
Perpendicular exchange bias in antiferromagnetic-ferromagnetic nanostructures, Appl. Phys. Lett, vol.84, issue.3696, p.40, 2004. ,
Enhancement of exchange bias through a non-magnetic spacer, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, vol.355, pp.272-276, 2004. ,
Tailoring perpendicular exchange bias in [Pt, Phys. Rev. B, vol.71, issue.84, pp.54411-54453, 2005. ,
Exchange bias in antiferromagneticferromagnetic-antiferromagnetic structures with out-of-plane magnetization ,
Mechanisms for exchange bias Model for exchange bias in polycrystalline ferromagnet-antiferromagnet bilayers, J. Phys. D Phys. Rev. B, vol.33, issue.3722, pp.59-87, 1999. ,
Interfacial Uncompensated Antiferromagnetic Spins : Role in Unidirectional Anisotropy in Polycrystalline N i 81 F e 19, Phys. Rev. Lett, pp.79-1130, 1997. ,
Magnetoresistive random access memory using magnetic tunnel junctions, Proc. IEEE, pp.91-127, 2003. ,
DOI : 10.1109/JPROC.2003.811804
Study of interface wall energy in exchange???coupled double???layer film, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.67, issue.9, pp.67-102, 1990. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.344917
Magnetic neutron scattering study of ordered Mn3Ir, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.86, issue.7, pp.3853-3856, 1999. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.371298
Trajectory overlaps and local magnification in three-dimensional atom probe, Applied Physics Letters, vol.76, issue.21, pp.76-3127, 2000. ,
DOI : 10.1063/1.126545
Trajectories of field emitted ions in 3D atom-probe " . Eur. Phys, J. Appl. Phys, vol.6, issue.217, p.99, 1999. ,
A study of the magnitude of exchange biasing in [111] Fe 3 O 4 /CoO bilayers, J. Magn. Magn. Mater, vol.346, issue.35, pp.148-193, 1995. ,
Influence of Co layer thickness on the structural and magnetic properties of (P t/Co tCo ) 3 /P t tP t /IrM n multilayers, J. Phys. D : Appl. Phys, vol.70, pp.43-215004, 2010. ,