Z. Z. Abidin and G. H. Markx, High-gradient electric field system for the dielectrophoretic separation of cells, Journal of Electrostatics, vol.63, issue.6-10, pp.823-830, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.elstat.2005.03.078

R. Agarwal, K. Ladavac, Y. Roichman, G. Yu, C. Lieber et al., Manipulation and assembly of nanowires with holographic optical traps, Optics Express, vol.13, issue.22, pp.13-8906, 2005.
DOI : 10.1364/OPEX.13.008906

F. Arai, K. Yoshikawa, T. Sakami, and T. Fukuda, Synchronized laser micromanipulation of multiple targets along each trajectory by single laser, Applied Physics Letters, vol.85, issue.19, pp.4301-4302, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1815061

F. Arai, T. Endo, R. Yamuchi, and T. Fukuda, 3D 6DOF manipulation of micro-object using laser trapped microtool, Proceedings 2006 IEEE International Conference on Robotics and Automation, 2006. ICRA 2006., 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/ROBOT.2006.1641903

A. Ashkin, Acceleration and Trapping of Particles by Radiation Pressure, Physical Review Letters, vol.24, issue.4, pp.156-159, 1970.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.24.156

A. Ashkin, Forces of a single-beam gradient laser trap on a dielectric sphere in the ray optics regime, Biophysical Journal, issue.2, pp.61-569, 1992.

A. Ashkin and J. M. Dziedzic, Optical Levitation by Radiation Pressure, Applied Physics Letters, vol.19, issue.8, pp.283-285, 1971.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1653919

A. Ashkin, K. Schuetze, J. M. Dziedzic, U. Euteneuer, and M. Schliwa, Force generation of organelle transport measured in vivo by an infrared laser trap, Nature, vol.348, issue.6299, pp.346-348, 1990.
DOI : 10.1038/348346a0

F. Assi, R. Jenks, J. Yang, C. Love, and M. Prentiss, Massively parallel adhesion and reactivity measurements using simple and inexpensive magnetic tweezers, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.92, issue.9, pp.92-5584, 2002.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1509086

A. S. Basu and Y. B. Gianchandani, A Programmable Array for Contact-Free Manipulation of Floating Droplets on Featureless Substrates by the Modulation of Surface Tension, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol.18, issue.6, pp.1163-1172, 2009.
DOI : 10.1109/JMEMS.2009.2029961

A. S. Basu and Y. E. Gianchandani, Trapping and Manipulation of Particles and Droplets using Micro-toroidal Convection Currents. Pages 85?88 of: TRANSDUCERS'O5, The 13th International Conference on Solid-state Sensors, Actuators and Microsystems, 2005.

A. S. Basu, S. Y. Yee, and Y. B. Gianchandani, Virtual components for droplet control using marangoni flows: Size-selective filters, traps, channels, and pumps, 2007 IEEE 20th International Conference on Micro Electro Mechanical Systems (MEMS), 2007.
DOI : 10.1109/MEMSYS.2007.4432975

A. S. Basu, . Gianchandani, and B. Yogesh, Shaping high-speed Marangoni flow in liquid films by microscale perturbations in surface temperature, Applied Physics Letters, vol.90, issue.3, pp.34102-34103, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2430777

. Basu, S. Amar, . Gianchandani, and B. Yogesh, Virtual microfluidic traps, filters, channels and pumps using Marangoni flows, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol.18, issue.11, pp.115031-115032, 2008.
DOI : 10.1088/0960-1317/18/11/115031

F. Becker, P. Gascoyne, Y. Huang, and X. Wang, Method and apparatus for manipulation using spiral electrodes, Brevet, vol.5858, 0192.

H. Bénard, Les tourbillons cellulaires dans une nappe liquide, Rev. Gen. Sci. Pures Appl, vol.11, pp.1261-1271, 1900.

G. Boer, R. Johann, J. Rohner, F. Merenda, G. Delacretaz et al., Combining multiple optical trapping with microflow manipulation for the rapid bioanalytics on microparticles in a chip, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.78, issue.11, pp.78-116101, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2804768

M. A. Burns, C. H. Mastrangelo, T. S. Sammarco, F. P. Man, J. R. Webster et al., Microfabricated structures for integrated DNA analysis., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, pp.93-5556, 1996.
DOI : 10.1073/pnas.93.11.5556

X. Chen, . Zhou, . Xiaobo, and S. T. Wong, Automated Segmentation, Classification, and Tracking of Cancer Cell Nuclei in Time-Lapse Microscopy, IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Engineering, vol.53, issue.4, pp.762-766, 2006.
DOI : 10.1109/TBME.2006.870201

P. Chiou, . Yu, A. T. Ohta, and M. C. Wu, Massively parallel manipulation of single cells and microparticles using optical images, Nature, vol.436, issue.7049, pp.436-370, 2005.
DOI : 10.1038/nature03831

S. Chu, Laser Manipulation of Atoms and Particles, Science, vol.253, issue.5022, pp.861-866, 1991.
DOI : 10.1126/science.253.5022.861

M. L. Cordero, D. R. Burnham, C. N. Baroud, and D. Mcgloin, Thermocapillary manipulation of droplets using holographic beam shaping: Microfluidic pin ball, Applied Physics Letters, vol.93, issue.3, pp.34107-34108, 2008.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2952374
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-01022812

J. E. Curtis, B. A. Koss, and D. G. Grier, Dynamic holographic optical tweezers, Optics Communications, vol.207, issue.1-6, pp.169-175, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0030-4018(02)01524-9

G. Dacosta, Optical visualization of the velocity distribution in a laser-induced thermocapillary liquid flow, APPLIED OPTICS, vol.32, issue.12, pp.2143-2151, 1993.

A. A. Darhuber, J. P. Valentino, S. M. Troian, and S. Wagner, Thermocapillary actuation of droplets on chemically patterned surfaces by programmable microheater arrays, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol.12, issue.6, pp.12-873, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/JMEMS.2003.820267

A. A. Darhuber, . Troian, M. Sandra, . Of-microfluidic-ac-tuation, . By et al., PRINCIPLES OF MICROFLUIDIC ACTUATION BY MODULATION OF SURFACE STRESSES, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.37, issue.1, pp.425-455, 2005.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fluid.36.050802.122052

F. Dionnet, S. Regnier, and J. C. Guinot, Vision and Force Based Autonomous Micromanipulation, Pages 5019?5024 of: IEEE Int. Conf. on Robotics and Automation, 2004.

V. Emiliani, D. Sanvitto, M. Zahid, F. Gerbal, and M. Coppey-moisan, Multiforce optical tweezers to generate gradients of forces, Optics Express, vol.12, 2004.

V. Emiliani, D. Cojoc, E. Ferrari, V. Garbin, C. Durieux et al., Wave front engineering for microscopy of living cells, Optics Express, vol.13, issue.5, pp.1395-1405, 2005.
DOI : 10.1364/OPEX.13.001395.m003
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00014507

R. H. Farahi, A. Passian, T. L. Ferrell, and T. Thundat, Microfluidic manipulation via Marangoni forces, Applied Physics Letters, vol.85, issue.18, pp.4237-4239, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1812830

E. Ferrari, V. Emiliani, D. Cojoc, V. Garbin, M. Zahid et al., Biological samples micro-manipulation by means of optical tweezers, Microelectronic Engineering, vol.78, issue.79, pp.78-79, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mee.2005.01.017

M. Frenea, S. Faure, B. L. Pioufle, P. Coquet, and H. Fujita, Positioning living cells on a high-density electrode array by negative dielectrophoresis, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol.23, issue.5, pp.597-603, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0928-4931(03)00055-9
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00739225

E. P. Furlani, Magnetophoretic separation of blood cells at the microscale, Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, vol.40, issue.5, 2007.
DOI : 10.1088/0022-3727/40/5/001

P. Gascoyne and J. Vikoukal, Dielectrophoresis-Based Sample Handle in General-Purpose Programmable Diagnostic Instruments, 2004.

J. Gelles, B. J. Schnapp, . Scheetz, and P. Michael, Tracking kinesin-driven movements with nanometre-scale precision, Nature, vol.331, issue.6155, pp.450-453, 1998.
DOI : 10.1038/331450a0

M. Goksör, J. Enger, and D. Hanstorp, Optical manipulation in combination with multiphoton microscopy for single-cell studies, Applied Optics, vol.43, issue.25, pp.43-4831, 2004.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.43.004831

A. Grier and W. Lopes, Apparatus and method to generate and control optical traps to manipulate small particles, 2007.

A. Haake and J. Dual, Micro-manipulation of small particles by node position control of an ultrasonic standing wave, Ultrasonics, vol.40, issue.1-8, pp.317-322, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0041-624X(02)00114-2

M. Hafez, Compact fast-steering tip/tilt laser scanner for high power material processing applications, 2000.

A. Hollis, S. Rastegar, L. Descloux, G. Delacréttaz, and K. Rink, Analysis of Dynamics of Zona Pellucida Microdrilling by a 1, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, 1996.

R. E. Holmlin, M. Schiavoni, C. Y. Chen, S. P. Smith, M. G. Prentiss et al., Light-Driven Microfabrication: Assembly of Multicomponent, Three-Dimensional Structures by Using Optical Tweezers, Angewandte Chemie, vol.34, issue.19, pp.39-3503, 2000.
DOI : 10.1002/1521-3773(20001002)39:19<3503::AID-ANIE3503>3.0.CO;2-M

T. P. Hunt, H. Lee, and R. M. Westervelt, Addressable micropost array for the dielectrophoretic manipulation of particles in fluid, Applied Physics Letters, vol.85, issue.26, pp.6421-6423, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1840109

I. Ishibashi, C. Perry, . Iii, and T. K. Agarwal, Experimental determinations of contact friction for spherical glass particles. Soils and foundations, pp.79-84, 1994.

M. Jähnisch and S. Fatikow, 3-D Vision Feedback for Nanohandling Monitoring in a Scanning Electron Microscope, International Journal of Optomechatronics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.4-27, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1143057

R. W. Johnson, The Handbook of fluid dynamics, 1998.

T. B. Jones, Basic theory of dielectrophoresis and electrorotation, IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Magazine, vol.22, issue.6, pp.33-42, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/MEMB.2003.1304999

D. E. Kataoka, . Troian, and M. Sandra, Patterning liquid flow on the microscopic scale, Nature, issue.6763, pp.402-794, 1999.

J. T. Kemshead and J. Ugelstad, Magnetic separation techniques: their applications to medicine, Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, vol.67, pp.11-18, 1985.

H. Lee, A. M. Purdon, and R. M. Westervelt, Manipulation of biological cells using a microelectromagnet matrix, Applied Physics Letters, vol.85, issue.6, pp.1063-1065, 2004.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1776339

J. P. Longtin, K. H?ikata, and K. Ogawa, Laser-induced surface-tension-driven flows in liquids, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.42, issue.1, pp.85-93, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0017-9310(98)00134-3

O. Manneberg, B. Vanherberghen, B. Onfelt, and M. Wiklund, Flow-free transport of cells in microchannels by frequency-modulated ultrasound, Lab on a Chip, vol.79, issue.6, pp.833-837, 2009.
DOI : 10.1039/b816675g

C. Marangoni, Ueber die Ausbreitung der Tropfen einer Fl??ssigkeit auf der Oberfl??che einer anderen, Annalen der Physik und Chemie, vol.141, issue.7, pp.337-354, 1871.
DOI : 10.1002/andp.18712190702

J. A. Maroto, V. Pérez-munuzuri, and M. S. Romero-cano, Introductory analysis of B??nard???Marangoni convection, European Journal of Physics, vol.28, issue.2, pp.311-320, 2007.
DOI : 10.1088/0143-0807/28/2/016

F. M. Moesner and . Higuchi, Contactless Manipulation of Microparts by Electric Field Traps, Pages 168?175 of: SPIE's International Symposium on Microrobotics and Microsystem Fabrication, 1997.

R. Nambiar, A. Gajraj, and J. Meiners, All-Optical Constant-Force Laser Tweezers, Biophysical Journal, vol.87, issue.3, pp.1972-1980, 2004.
DOI : 10.1529/biophysj.103.037697

A. T. Ohta, A. Jamshidi, J. K. Valley, H. Hsu, and M. C. Wu, Optically actuated thermocapillary movement of gas bubbles on an absorbing substrate, Applied Physics Letters, vol.91, issue.7, pp.91-074103, 2007.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2771091

C. Pawashe, . Sitti, and . Metin, Two-dimensional vision-based autonomous microparticle manipulation using a nanoprobe, Journal of Micromechatronics, vol.3, issue.3, pp.3-4, 2006.
DOI : 10.1163/156856306777924671

J. R. Pearson, On convection cells induced by surface tension, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.2, issue.05, pp.489-500, 1958.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112058000616

F. Petersson, . Aberg, . Lena, A. Swärd-nilsson, and T. Laurell, Free Flow Acoustophoresis:?? Microfluidic-Based Mode of Particle and Cell Separation, Analytical Chemistry, vol.79, issue.14, pp.79-5117, 2007.
DOI : 10.1021/ac070444e

H. A. Pohl, The Motion and Precipitation of Suspensoids in Divergent Electric Fields, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.22, issue.7, pp.869-871, 1950.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1700065

M. G. Pollack, R. B. Fair, and A. D. Shenderov, Electrowetting-based actuation of liquid droplets for microfluidic applications, Applied Physics Letters, vol.77, issue.11, pp.77-1725, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1308534

M. Probst, . Hürzeler, . Christoph, . Borer, . Ruedi et al., A Microassembly System for the Flexible Assembly of Hybrid Robotic Mems Devices, International Journal of Optomechatronics, vol.21, issue.2, pp.69-90, 2009.
DOI : 10.1163/156856304773954304

W. Ramsay and J. Shields, The Molecular Complexity of Liquids, Journal of Chemical Society, LXXXI, pp.1089-1103, 1893.

G. D. Reddy and P. Saggau, Fast three-dimensional laser scanning scheme using acousto-optic deflectors, Journal of Biomedical Optics, vol.10, issue.6, pp.64038-64048, 2005.
DOI : 10.1117/1.2141504

. Ren, . Hong, R. B. Fair, M. G. Pollack, . Shaughnessy et al., Dynamics of electro-wetting droplet transport, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.87, issue.1, pp.201-206, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/S0925-4005(02)00223-X

S. Roselier and M. Hafez, ViFlex: A Compact Haptic 2D Interface with Force Feedback for Mobile Devices, 2006.

A. Rosenthal and J. Voldman, Dielectrophoresis Traps for Single-Particles Patterning, Biophysical Journal, vol.88, 2005.

K. Sasaki, M. Koshioka, H. Misawa, N. Kitamura, and H. Masuhara, Pattern formation and flow control of fine particles by laser-scanning micromanipulation, Optics Letters, vol.16, issue.19, pp.16-1463, 1991.
DOI : 10.1364/OL.16.001463

T. Schnelle, T. Müller, and G. Fuhr, Trapping in AC octode field cages, Journal of Electrostatics, vol.50, issue.1, pp.17-29, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3886(00)00012-7

H. Seo, C. Han, D. Choi, K. King, and . Lee, Controlled assembly of single SWNTs bundle using dielectrophoresis, Microelectronic Engineering, vol.81, issue.1, pp.83-89, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.mee.2005.04.001

J. Shi, . Ahmed, . Daniel, . Mao, . Xiaole et al., Acoustic tweezers: patterning cells and microparticles using standing surface acoustic waves (SSAW), Lab on a Chip, vol.61, issue.20, pp.2890-2895, 2009.
DOI : 10.1039/b910595f

M. Sitti and H. Hashimoto, Two-dimensional fine particle positioning under an optical microscope using a piezoresistive cantilever as a manipulator, Journal of Micromechatronics, vol.1, issue.1, pp.25-48, 2000.
DOI : 10.1163/156856300744650

J. Straub, VDI-Heat Atlas, 1993.

J. Suehiro, G. Zhou, . Imamura, . Manabu, . Hara et al., Dielectrophoretic filter for separation and recovery of biological cells in water, IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, vol.39, issue.5, pp.1514-1521, 2003.
DOI : 10.1109/TIA.2003.816535

K. Svoboda and S. M. Block, Biological Applications of Optical Forces, Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure, vol.23, issue.1, pp.247-285, 1994.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.bb.23.060194.001335

Y. Tanaka, . Kawada, . Hiroyuki, . Hirano, . Ken et al., Automated manipulation of non-spherical microobjects using optical tweezers combined with image processing techniques, Optics Express, issue.19, pp.16-15115, 2008.

E. Vela, C. Pacoret, S. Bouchigny, S. Régnier, K. Rink et al., Non-contact mesoscale manipulation using laser induced convection flows, 2008 IEEE/RSJ International Conference on Intelligent Robots and Systems, 2008.
DOI : 10.1109/IROS.2008.4650918

E. Vela, M. Hafez, and S. Régnier, Laser-Induced Thermocapillary Convection for Mesoscale Manipulation, International Journal of Optomechatronics, vol.91, issue.4, pp.289-303, 2009.
DOI : 10.1103/RevModPhys.77.977

O. D. Velev and K. H. Bhatt, On-chip micromanipulation and assembly of colloidal particles by electric fields, Soft Matter, vol.61, issue.8, pp.738-750, 2006.
DOI : 10.1039/b605052b

J. Yan, D. Skoko, and J. Marko, Near-field-magnetic-tweezer manipulation of single DNA molecules, Physical Review E, vol.70, issue.1, pp.11905-11910, 2004.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.70.011905

S. Yu and B. Nelson, Biological Cell Injection Using an Autonomous MicroRobotic System, The International Journal of Robotics Research, vol.21, pp.10-11, 2002.

S. Yu, . Nelson, and J. Bradley, Autonomous Injection of Biological Cells Using Visual Servoing. Pages 169?178 of: Experimental Robotics VII, 2001.

M. Zborowski, G. R. Ostera, L. R. Moore, S. Milliron, J. J. Chalmers et al., Red Blood Cell Magnetophoresis, Biophysical Journal, vol.84, issue.4, pp.2638-2645, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(03)75069-3
URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(03)75069-3