. Dans-ce-chapitre, Euler-Newton sont couplées avec une méthode potentielle. La propulsion biomimétique est tout d'abord simulée en mouvement forcé. Une procédure de comparaison de ses performances hydrodynamiques à celles d'une hélice est proposée

.. Étude-paramétrique, Comparaison avec une série d'hélices à pas fixes, 100 3.6.4 Influence des différents paramètres sur les performances hydrodynamiques . 102 3.6.5 Observations, p.110

I. H. Abbott, V. Doenhoff, and A. E. , Theory of wing sections, 1959.

M. Abramowitz, Handbook of Mathematical Functions, American Journal of Physics, vol.34, issue.2, 1964.
DOI : 10.1119/1.1972842

M. J. Abzug and E. E. Larrabee, Airplane stability and control : a history of the technologies that made aviation possible. Cambridge Aerospace Series, 2005.

R. J. Adrian, Particle-Imaging Techniques for Experimental Fluid Mechanics, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.23, issue.1, pp.261-304, 1991.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.23.010191.001401

A. Alvarez, A. Caffaz, A. Caiti, G. Casalino, L. Gualdesi et al., F??laga: A low-cost autonomous underwater vehicle combining glider and AUV capabilities, Ocean Engineering, vol.36, issue.1, pp.24-38, 2009.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2008.08.014

J. Anderson, K. Streitlien, D. Barrett, and M. Triantafyllou, Oscillating foils of high propulsive efficiency, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.360, pp.41-72, 1998.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112097008392

M. Aucher, Dynamique des sous-marins, 1981.

C. G. Ballard, K. S. Anderson, and L. N. Myrabo, Flight dynamics simulation of lightcraft propelled by laser ablation, High-Power Laser Ablation VI, 2006.
DOI : 10.1117/12.669163

D. Barrett, M. Triantafyllou, D. Yue, M. Grosenbaugh, W. et al., Drag reduction in fish-like locomotion, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.392, pp.183-212, 1999.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112099005455

R. H. Bartels and G. H. Golub, The simplex method of linear programming using LU decomposition, Communications of the ACM, vol.12, issue.5, pp.266-268, 1969.
DOI : 10.1145/362946.362974

M. Bergmann, L. Cordier, and J. P. Brancher, On the generation of a reverse von K??rm??n street for the controlled cylinder wake in the laminar regime, Physics of Fluids, vol.18, issue.2, 2006.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2171193

P. Bhatta and N. E. Leonard, Nonlinear gliding stability and control for vehicles with hydrodynamic forcing, Automatica, vol.44, issue.5, pp.1240-1250, 2008.
DOI : 10.1016/j.automatica.2007.10.006

J. Bolot, T. Chambenois, J. Laurens, L. Saint, L. Merlin et al., Numerical pre-qualification weapons launching from a scorpene submarine, UDT Pacific, 2006.

N. Bose, Performance of chordwise flexible oscillating propulsors using a time-domain panel method, Int. Shipbuid. Progr, vol.42, issue.432, pp.281-294, 1995.

N. Bose, Marine Powering Prediction and Propulsors. The Society of Naval Architects and Marine Engineers, 2008.

N. Bose, J. Lien, and J. Ahia, Measurements of the Bodies and Flukes of Several Cetacean Species, Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences, vol.242, issue.1305, pp.163-173, 1990.
DOI : 10.1098/rspb.1990.0120

J. Bousquet, Méthode des singularités. Cépadues-Editions, 2002.

P. Causin, J. Gerbeau, and F. Nobile, Added-mass effect in the design of partitioned algorythms for fluid-structure problems, CMAME, vol.194, pp.4506-4527, 2005.

C. D. Chapuis, T. C. Deltheil, and I. D. Leandri, Determination and influence of the main parameters for the launch and recovery of an unmanned underwater vehicle from a submarine, Proceedings of Symposium on Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Technology, 1996.
DOI : 10.1109/AUV.1996.532426

D. Choudhury, Introduction to the renormalization group method and turbulence modeling . Fluent Inc. Technical Memorandum, p.107, 1993.

V. Creuze and B. Jouvencel, Perception et suivi de fond pour véhicules autonomes sousmarins, Traitement du Signal, vol.20, issue.4, pp.323-336, 2003.

C. T. Crowe, M. Sommerfeld, and Y. Tsuji, Multiphase flows with droplets and particles, 1998.

J. A. Deruntz and T. L. Geers, Added mass computation by the boundary integral method, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Engineering, vol.1, issue.3, pp.531-549, 1978.
DOI : 10.1002/nme.1620120312

D. Spain, G. L. Jenkins, S. A. Zimmerman, R. Luby, J. C. Thode et al., Underwater acoustic measurements with the liberdade/x-ray flying wing glider, The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America, vol.117, issue.4, pp.2624-2624, 2005.

C. C. Eriksen, T. J. Osse, R. D. Light, T. Wen, T. W. Lehman et al., Seaglider: a long-range autonomous underwater vehicle for oceanographic research, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.26, issue.4, pp.424-436, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/48.972073

O. M. Faltinsen, Hydrodynamics of high-speed marine vehicles, 2005.

P. C. Fernandes, P. Ern, F. Risso, and J. Magnaudet, On the zigzag dynamics of freely moving axisymmetric bodies, Physics of Fluids, vol.17, issue.9, 2005.
DOI : 10.1063/1.2061609

F. E. Fish, Comparative kinematics and hydrodynamics of odontocete cetaceans : morphological and ecological correlates with swimming performance, Journal of Experimental Biology, vol.201, pp.2867-2877, 1998.

F. Floc-'h, J. Laurens, and J. B. Leroux, Comparison of hydrodynamics performances of a porpoising foil and a propeller, 1st symposium on Marine Propulsor, 2009.

F. Floc-'h, J. Laurens, J. B. Leroux, and S. Kerampran, Trajectory prediction by coupling euler-newton equations and flow models, 11th Numerical Towing Tank Symposium, 2008.

F. Inc, Fluent 6.3 User's Guide. Fluent Inc, 2006.

C. Forster, W. A. Wall, R. , and E. , Artificial added mass instabilities in sequential staggered coupling of nonlinear structures and incompressible viscous flows, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.196, issue.7, pp.1278-1293, 2007.
DOI : 10.1016/j.cma.2006.09.002

J. S. Geisbert, Hydrodynamic modeling for autonomous underwater vehicles using computational and semi-empirical methods, 2007.

M. M. Gibson and B. E. Launder, Ground effects on pressure fluctuations in the atmospheric boundary layer, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.67, issue.03, pp.491-511, 1978.
DOI : 10.1256/smsqj.41602

R. Godoy-diana, J. L. Aider, and J. E. Wesfreid, Transitions in the wake of a flapping foil, Physical Review E, vol.77, issue.1, p.77, 2008.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.77.016308
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00154131

L. Guglielmini and P. Blondeaux, Propulsive efficiency of oscillating foils, European Journal of Mechanics - B/Fluids, vol.23, issue.2, pp.255-278, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.euromechflu.2003.10.002

L. Guglielmini, P. Blondeaux, and G. Vittori, A simple model of propulsive oscillating foils, Ocean Engineering, vol.31, issue.7, pp.883-899, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.oceaneng.2003.08.007

T. Hardy and G. Barlow, Unmanned underwater vehicle (uuv) deployment and retrieval considerations for submarines, International Naval Engineering Conference and Exhibition, 2008.

H. Hoeijmakers, Panel methods for aerodynamic analysis and design, AGARD Report, vol.783, pp.5-6, 1992.

N. A. Hussain, T. M. Chung, M. R. Arshad, R. Mohd-mokhtar, A. et al., Design of an underwater glider platform for shallow-water applications, International Journal of Intelligent Defence Support Systems, vol.3, issue.3/4, pp.3-4186, 2010.
DOI : 10.1504/IJIDSS.2010.037090

H. Isshiki and M. Murakami, Wave power utilization into ship propulsion, Proceedings of the 5th Symposium on Offshore Mechanics and Artic Engineering, 1986.

E. Jacquin, Navire autopropulsé en manoeuvres : simulation numérique et optimisation des performances hydrodynamiques, 2007.

A. Jennings, Added mass for fluid-structure vibration problems, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, vol.23, issue.93, pp.531-549, 1985.
DOI : 10.1002/fld.1650050905

M. Jenny, Étude de la transition au chaos d'une sphère en ascension ou en chute libre dans un fluide newtonien, 2003.

M. Jenny, J. Dusek, and G. Bouchet, Instabilities and transition of a sphere falling or ascending freely in a Newtonian fluid, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.508, pp.201-239, 2004.
DOI : 10.1017/S0022112004009164
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00011195

D. Jurgens, Cycloidal rudders and propulsors, 36th WEGEMT summer school, 2001.

M. Kadunc, Swimming of fish, 2006.

L. Kan, Y. Zhang, H. Fan, W. Yang, C. et al., MATLAB-based simulation of buoyancy-driven underwater glider motion, Journal of Ocean University of China, vol.26, issue.4, pp.113-118, 2008.
DOI : 10.1007/s11802-008-0113-2

D. G. Karamanev, C. Chavarie, M. , and R. C. , Dynamics of the free rise of a light solid sphere in liquid, AIChE Journal, vol.42, issue.6, p.1789, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690420630

J. Katz and A. Plotkin, Low-speed aerodynamics, 2001.
DOI : 10.1017/CBO9780511810329

J. Katz and D. Weihs, Large amplitude unsteady motion of a flexible slender propulsor, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.179, issue.04, pp.713-723, 1979.
DOI : 10.1016/0029-8018(74)90002-X

A. R. Khan and J. F. Richardson, THE RESISTANCE TO MOTION OF A SOLID SPHERE IN A FLUID, Chemical Engineering Communications, vol.62, issue.1, pp.135-150, 1987.
DOI : 10.1080/00986448708912056

S. Komori and K. Nagata, Effects of molecular diffusivities on counter-gradient scalar and momentum transfer in strongly stable stratification, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.210, issue.-1, pp.205-237, 1996.
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690391005

G. Kuiper, The Wageningen propeller series, 1992.

B. E. Launder, Second-moment closure: present??? and future?, International Journal of Heat and Fluid Flow, vol.10, issue.4, pp.282-300, 1989.
DOI : 10.1016/0142-727X(89)90017-9

B. E. Launder, G. J. Reece, R. , and W. , Progress in the development of a Reynolds-stress turbulence closure, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.61, issue.03, pp.537-566, 1975.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1694422

B. E. Launder and D. B. Spalding, The numerical computation of turbulent flows, Computer Methods in Applied Mechanics and Engineering, vol.3, issue.2, pp.269-289, 1974.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7825(74)90029-2

J. Laurens, Couplage code de calcul fluide parfait -code de calcul couche limite 3d, 1993.

J. Laurens, Comportement Hydrodynamique d'un Gouvernail Travaillant dans le Sillage d'une Hélice, 2002.

R. Lax, P. D. Richtmyer, and R. D. , Survey of the stability of linear finite difference equations, Communications on Pure and Applied Mathematics, vol.5, issue.2, pp.267-293, 1956.
DOI : 10.1002/cpa.3160090206

A. Leroyer, Etude du couplage écoulement/mouvement pour des corps solides ou á déformation imposée par résolution des équations de Navier-Stokes. Contribution á la modélisation numérique de la cavitation, 2004.

X. Li, Y. Wu, X. Lu, Y. , and X. , Measurements of fish's wake by PIV, Optical Technology and Image Processing for Fluids and Solids Diagnostics 2002, pp.139-145, 2003.
DOI : 10.1117/12.509522

M. J. Lighthill, 4. Aquatic Animal Propulsion of High Hydromechanical Efficiency, JFM, vol.44, pp.265-301, 1970.
DOI : 10.1137/1.9781611970517.ch4

P. Liu and N. Bose, Propulsive performance of three naturally occurring oscillating propeller planforms, Ocean Engineering, vol.20, issue.1, pp.57-75, 1993.
DOI : 10.1016/0029-8018(93)90046-K

P. Liu and N. Bose, Propulsive performance from oscillating propulsors with spanwise flexibility, Proc. R. Soc. Lond., A, pp.1763-1770, 1997.
DOI : 10.1098/rspa.1997.0095

R. D. Love, A. A. Arroyo, and E. M. Schwartz, Solar ray : an autonomous solar-powered bio-mimetic flapping wing underwater vehicle, Florida conference on recent advances in robotics, 2010.

J. Magnaudet and I. Eames, The Motion of High-Reynolds-Number Bubbles in Inhomogeneous Flows, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.32, issue.1, pp.659-708, 2000.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.659

P. Mciver and D. Evans, The occurrence of negative added mass in free-surface problems involving submerged oscillating bodies, Journal of Engineering Mathematics, vol.3, issue.1, pp.7-22, 1984.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00042895

F. R. Menter, Two-equation eddy-viscosity turbulence models for engineering applications, AIAA Journal, vol.32, issue.8, pp.1598-1605, 1994.
DOI : 10.2514/3.12149

R. Mittal, Computational Modeling in Biohydrodynamics: Trends, Challenges, and Recent Advances, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.29, issue.3, pp.595-604, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/JOE.2004.833215

R. Moitie and N. Seube, Guidance and control of an autonomous underwater glider, Proceedings of 12th International Symposium on Unmanned Untethered Submersible Technology, 2001.

N. Mori and K. Chang, Introduction to mpiv, PIV Toolbox in Matlab, p.96, 2004.

J. N. Newman and T. Y. Wu, A generalized slender-body theory for fish-like forms, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.9, issue.04, pp.675-693, 1973.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.04.010172.002145

G. V. Parkinson, Mathematical models of flow-induced vibrations of bluff bodies, 1974.

K. Patton, Hydrodynamics mass of bodies in a fluid. USL Technical memorandum n ?, pp.933-351, 1964.

G. Pedro, A. Suleman, and N. Djilali, A numerical study of the propulsive efficiency of a flapping hydrofoil, International Journal for Numerical Methods in Fluids, vol.360, issue.5, pp.493-526, 2003.
DOI : 10.1002/fld.525

S. Phoemsapthawee, M. L. Boulluec, J. Laurens, and F. Deniset, Numerical Study on Hydrodynamic Behavior of an Underwater Glider, Volume 6: Ocean Engineering, 2011.
DOI : 10.1115/OMAE2011-49670

G. K. Politis and V. Tsarsitalidis, Simulating biomimetic (flapping foil) flows for comprehension , reverse engineering and design, First International Symposium on Marine Propulsors, 2009.

L. Prandtl, Bericht uber untersuchungen zur ausgebildeten turbulenz, Zeitschr. Angew. Math. Mech, vol.5, pp.136-139, 1925.

A. Quarteroni, R. Sacco, and F. Saleri, Méthodes numériques pour le calcul scientifique, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/978-88-470-1676-7

M. Raffel, C. Willert, and J. Kompenhans, Particle Image Velocimetry, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/978-3-662-03637-2

R. Ramamurti, W. Sandberg, and R. Lohner, Simulation of a torpedo launch using a 3-D incompressible finite element solver and adaptive remeshing, 33rd Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, pp.20375-5320, 1995.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1995-86

D. A. Read, F. Hover, and M. Triantafyllou, Forces on oscillating foils for propulsion and maneuvering, Journal of Fluids and Structures, vol.17, issue.1, pp.163-183, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0889-9746(02)00115-9

D. L. Rudnick, R. E. Davis, C. C. Eriksen, D. M. Fratantoni, and M. J. Perry, Underwater Gliders for Ocean Research, Marine Technology Society Journal, vol.38, issue.2, pp.48-59, 2004.
DOI : 10.4031/002533204787522703

L. Schouveiler, F. Hover, and M. Triantafyllou, Performance of flapping foil propulsion, Journal of Fluids and Structures, vol.20, issue.7, pp.949-959, 2005.
DOI : 10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2005.05.009
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00015429

T. Shih, W. W. Liou, A. Shabbir, Z. Yang, and J. Zhu, A new k-?? eddy viscosity model for high reynolds number turbulent flows, Computers & Fluids, vol.24, issue.3, pp.227-238, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0045-7930(94)00032-T

H. Söding, How to integrate free motions of solids in fluids, 4 th Numerical Towing Tank Symposium, 2001.

P. Spalart and S. Allmaras, A one-equation turbulence model for aerodynamic flows, 30th Aerospace Sciences Meeting and Exhibit, 1992.
DOI : 10.2514/6.1992-439

G. Taylor, Eddy motion in the atmosphere, Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lond., A, issue.215, pp.1-26, 1915.

G. K. Taylor, R. L. Nudds, and A. L. Thomas, Flying and swimming animals cruise at a Strouhal number tuned for high power efficiency, Nature, vol.425, issue.6959, p.707, 2003.
DOI : 10.1038/nature02000

T. E. Tezduyar, Encyclopedia of Computational Mechanics, 2006.

T. Theodorsen, General theory of aerodynamic instability and the mechanism of flutter, p.496, 1935.

M. Triantafyllou, G. Triantafyllou, Y. , and D. , Hydrodynamics of Fishlike Swimming, Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics, vol.32, issue.1, pp.33-53, 2000.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fluid.32.1.33

M. S. Triantafyllou, A. H. Techet, and F. S. Hover, Review of Experimental Work in Biomimetic Foils, IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering, vol.29, issue.3, pp.585-595, 2004.
DOI : 10.1109/JOE.2004.833216

H. K. Versteeg and W. Malalasekera, An introduction to computational fluid dynamics : the finite volume method, 2007.

T. Wen, J. Tian, T. Lu, D. Queheillalt, and H. Wadley, Forced convection in metallic honeycomb structures, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.49, issue.19-20, pp.3313-3324, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2006.03.024

D. C. Wilcox, Turbulence Modeling for CFD, 1998.

C. Willert and M. Gharib, Digital particle image velocimetry, Experiments in Fluids, vol.10, issue.4, pp.181-193, 1991.
DOI : 10.1007/BF00190388

T. Y. Wu, Hydromechanics of swimming propulsion. Part 2. Some optimum shape problems, Journal of Fluid Mechanics, vol.none, issue.03, pp.521-544, 1971.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.fl.01.010169.002213

H. Yamaguchi and N. Bose, Oscillating foils for marine propulsion, Proceedings for the fourth international offshore and polar engineering conference, 1994.

D. Annexe, s (b) t = 0.4 s (c) t = 0.6 s (d) t = 0.8 s (e) t = 1.0 s (f) t = 1.2 s (g) t = 1

D. Figure, Amplitude de la vitesse (m/s) à différents pas de temps pour un écoulement de 0