B. 1. Williams, C. C. , and H. K. Wickramasinghe, Scanning thermal profiler, Applied Physics Letters, vol.49, issue.23, pp.1587-1589, 1986.
DOI : 10.1063/1.97288

G. Pivert, Les microscopes optiques, RBM-News, vol.17, issue.4, pp.7-9, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/S0222-0776(00)88941-5

E. A. Ash and G. Nicholls, Super-resolution Aperture Scanning Microscope, Nature, vol.6, issue.5357, pp.510-512, 1972.
DOI : 10.1038/237510a0

G. Binnig, Tunneling through a controllable vacuum gap, Applied Physics Letters, vol.40, issue.2, pp.178-180, 1982.
DOI : 10.1063/1.92999

D. W. Pohl, W. Denk, and M. Lanz, Optical stethoscopy: Image recording with resolution ??/20, Applied Physics Letters, vol.44, issue.7, p.651, 1984.
DOI : 10.1063/1.94865

E. Betzig, Near Field Scanning Optical Microscopy (NSOM), Biophysical Journal, vol.49, issue.1, pp.269-279, 1986.
DOI : 10.1016/S0006-3495(86)83640-2

URL : http://doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3495(86)83640-2

E. Betzig, M. Isaacson, A. Lewis-reddick, R. C. , R. J. Warmack et al., Collection mode near???field scanning optical microscopy, Applied Physics Letters, vol.51, issue.25, pp.51-3734, 1987.
DOI : 10.1063/1.98956

D. Fornel and F. , An evanescent field optical microscope, Proc. Soc. Phot-Opt. Instrum. Eng, pp.77-84, 1139.

U. C. Fischer and J. , Observation of Single-Particle Plasmons by Near-Field Optical Microscopy, Physical Review Letters, vol.62, issue.4, pp.458-461, 1985.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevLett.62.458

C. Bainier, Quelques méthodes de nano-usinage 3D, application à la réalisation de nanocollecteurs pour la microscopie en champ proche optique, Nano et Microtechnologies, vol.1, pp.3-4, 2001.

C. Quate, G. Binnig, and C. Gerber, Atomic force microscope, Physical Review Letters, vol.56, issue.9, pp.930-983, 1986.

B. Cretin, Metallurgical applications of the thermoelastic microscope, Thin Solid Films, vol.209, issue.1, pp.127-131, 1992.
DOI : 10.1016/0040-6090(92)90021-3

A. Rosencwaig, A. C. Bocarra, D. Fournier, and J. Badoz, Thermal wave electron microscopy of metals Thin Solid Films Thermo-optical spectroscopy: Detection by "mirage effect, Phys. Rev. Lett, vol.77, issue.49, pp.43-47, 1980.

B. Cretin, 20-MHz acoustic waves from pulsed thermoelastic expansions of constrained surfaces, Journal de Physique IV Applied Physics Letters, issue.47257, p.30, 1977.

K. E. Goodson and M. Asheghi, Near-field optical thermometry, pp.225-235, 1997.

B. Cretin, Scanning near-field thermal and thermoacoustic microscopy: performances and limitations, Superlattices and Microstructures, vol.35, issue.3-6, pp.3-6, 2004.
DOI : 10.1016/j.spmi.2003.10.003

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00117139

E. B. Farnault, Microscopies photothermiques et thermoélastiques conventionnelles et à sonde locale: théorie et expérimentation, in Franche-Comté, Méthodes optiques et acoustiques pour les microscopies thermiques et thermoélastiques aux échelles micro-et nanométriques Franche-Comté. 2003, Université de Franche-Comté: Besançon. p. 128. 27. Dinwiddie, R., R. Pylkki, and P. West, Thermal conductivity contrast imaging with a scanning thermal microscope. Thermal conductivity, pp.668-677, 1994.

S. W. Lefèvre, Modélisation et élaboration des métrologies de microscopie thermique à sonde locale résistive Université de Poitiers: Poitiers. p. 216. 29. Rangelow, I Scanning thermal imaging microscopy using composite cantilever probes, Thermal nano-probe. Microelectronic Engineering Applied Physics Letters, issue.6, pp.66-694, 1995.

S. Heisig, Monolithic gallium arsenide cantilever for scanning near-field microscopy, Ultramicroscopy, vol.71, issue.1-4, pp.99-105, 1998.
DOI : 10.1016/S0304-3991(97)00118-6

R. Ciocan and M. Tabib-azar, Transcient thermography of semiconductors using the evanescent microwave microscope, Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, pp.253-262, 1999.

D. Bendersky, A special thermocouple for measuring transient temperatures Assessment of effective thermal product of surface junction thermocouples on millisecond and microsecond time scales, Mechanical Enginneering Buttsworth, D.R. Experimental Thermal and Fluid Science, vol.75, issue.25, pp.117-121, 1953.

I. S. Donaldson and R. A. Haslett, A fast response surface thermocouple, ARCHIVE: Journal of Mechanical Engineering Science 1959-1982 (vols 1-23), vol.16, issue.3, pp.174-177, 1974.
DOI : 10.1243/JMES_JOUR_1974_016_031_02

G. Hostache, J. Prenel, and R. Porcar, Couples thermoélectriques à définition spatiotemporelle fine. Réalisation. réponse impulsionnelle de microjonctions cylindriques, Rev. Gén. Therm, vol.29, pp.539-543, 1986.

R. A. Secco and R. F. Tucker, Thermocouple butt???welding device, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.63, issue.11, pp.5485-5486, 1992.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1143375

A. Majumdar, Thermal imaging by atomic force microscopy using thermocouple cantilever probes Review of Scientific Instruments Deposited thin film thermocouples of microscopic dimensions, pp.3584-3592, 1972.

H. K. Wickramasinghe, Progress in scanning probe microscopy, Acta Materialia, vol.48, issue.1, pp.347-358, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S1359-6454(99)00303-1

R. Forster and E. Gmelin, Thermal conductivity and diffusivity measurements in the sub-µm and sub-µs scale on centimeter area samples using a microthermocouple, Review of Scientific Instruments, issue.12, pp.67-4246, 1996.

M. Stopka, Surface investigations by scanning thermal microscopy, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.13, issue.6, pp.2153-2156, 1995.
DOI : 10.1116/1.588094

O. Nakabeppu, M. Igeta, and K. Hijikata, Experimental study on point contact transport phenomena using the atomic force microscope. Microscale Thermophysical Engineering, pp.201-213, 1997.

N. Kakuta, Measurement of microscale bio-thermal responses by means of a microthermocouple probe Ultrafast response micropipette-based submicrometer thermocouple, Proceedings of the 23rd Annual EMBS International Conference, pp.66-3300, 1995.

L. Thiery, Temperature profile measurements of near-field optical microsopy fiber tips by means of sub-micronic thermocouple. in Eurotherm Seminar n°57Microscale Heat Transfer Thermal behaviour modelling of tapered optical fiber for scanning near-field microscopy, Int. J. Therm. Sci. Ultramicroscopy, vol.47, issue.1, pp.94-143, 1998.

L. W. Shi, T. Ono, and M. Esashi, Mesoscopic thermophysical measurements of microstructures and carbon nanotubes, in California Fabrication of thermal microprobes with a sub-100 nm metal-to-metal junction, Nanotechnology, issue.13, pp.29-32, 2001.

L. Thiery, C. Bainier, and M. Spajer, New opto-thermal probes on near optical fiber tips. in OPTO, International Conference Proceedings, 2002.

Y. Suzuki, Novel Microcantilever for Scanning Thermal Imaging Microscopy, Japanese Journal of Applied Physics, vol.35, issue.Part 2, No. 3A, pp.352-534, 1996.
DOI : 10.1143/JJAP.35.L352

K. Luo, Sensor nanofabrication, performance, and conduction mechanisms in scanning thermal microscopy, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.15, issue.2, pp.349-360, 1997.
DOI : 10.1116/1.589319

Y. Zhang, A thermal microprobe fabricated with wafer-stage processing Review of Scientific Instruments Scanning thermal microscopy using batch fabricated thermocouples probes, Appl. Phys. Letter, vol.69, issue.522, pp.2081-2084, 1998.

M. H. Li, J. J. Wu, and B. Gianchandani, Surface micromachined polyimide scanning thermocouple probes, Journal of Microelectromechanical Systems, vol.10, issue.1, p.7, 2001.
DOI : 10.1109/84.911085

URL : http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.469.1409

L. Shi, Design and Batch Fabrication of probes for sub-100nm Scanning Thermal Microscopy Electrochemical preparation of tungsten tips for scanning tunneling microscope Review of Scientific Instruments Microscopie optique en champ proche sans ouverture: développement d'un instrument et application à l'étude de nanostructures, in Paris Technique for shaping scanning tunneling microscope tips, ): p. 1. 60. Grossel, P., F. Depasse, and N. Trannoy, Sample tip thermal coupling in modulated laser surface excitation, pp.9-57, 1987.

K. Luo, Nanofabrication of sensors on cantilever probe tips for scanning multiprobe microscopy, Applied Physics Letters, vol.68, issue.3, pp.325-327, 1996.
DOI : 10.1063/1.116074

Y. M. Lim, S. H. Kim, R. W. , T. Schneller, and R. Waser, Diameter control of an extremely thin cylindrical microprobe by electrochemical etching Chemical solution deposition of electronic oxide films, Review of Scientific Instruments Comptes Rendus Chimie, vol.71, issue.5 7, pp.433-461, 2000.

G. S. Liu, SHORT COMMUNICATION, Combustion Science and Technology, vol.60, issue.4-6, pp.12-13, 1998.
DOI : 10.1080/00102208908924074

R. Kazinczi, Novel methods for preparing EC STM tips, Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, vol.66, issue.7, pp.535-538, 1998.
DOI : 10.1007/s003390051197

M. Cavallini and F. Biscarini, Electrochemically etched nickel tips for spin polarized scanning tunneling microscopy, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.71, issue.12, pp.71-4457, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1311936

T. Held, Method to produce high-resolution scanning near-field optical microscope probes by bevelling optical fibers Sharpening of metal tips by heat treatment in vacuum, Review of Scientific Instruments J. Phys. E.: Sci. Instrum, vol.70, issue.8 9, pp.71-3118, 1976.

P. K. Wong, T. Wang, C. Ho, A. , J. P. Carrejo et al., Optical fiber tip fabricated by surface tension controlled etching. in Solid-state Sensor, Actuator and Microsystems Workshop Hilton Head Island. 72. Thiery, L. Analyses expérimentale et théorique des effets opto-thermiques dans les pointes, Thermal imaging using the atomic force microscope. Applied Physics Letters, pp.62-2501, 1993.

A. Gupta, Selective-area and lateral overgrowth of chromium dioxide (CrO2) fims by chemical vapor deposition Applied Physics Letters Charaterization of black chromate conversion coating on the electrodeposited zinc-iron alloy, Applied Surface Science, vol.75, issue.218, pp.2996-2998, 1999.

L. Thiery, M. Spajer, C. Bainier, and S. , 3D nano-fabrication of opto-thermal probes by means of a focused ion beam (FIB). in 5ème Congrès Franco-Japonais, 3ème Congrès Europe-Asie, Mecatronics, Procédé de dépôt de structures nanométriques métalliques. 2002: p. 4. 80. Schmidt, H. and M. Mennig. Wet Coating Technologies for Glass, 2000.

A. Eberle and A. Reich, Angle-dependent dip-coating technique (ADDC) an improved method for the production of optical filters, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, vol.218, pp.156-162, 1997.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3093(97)00289-5

S. J. Weinstein, K. J. Kuznetsov, A. V. , and M. Xiong, Dip coating on a planar non-vertical substrate in the limit of negligible surface tension Effect of Evaporation on thin films deposition in dip coating process, Chemical Engineering Science International Comm. Heat Mass Transfer, vol.56, issue.831, pp.4957-4969, 2001.

E. H. Lennon, S. Takenaka, and S. Kimura, Microfluxmètre réalisé par des procédés de gravure et d'électrodéposition: vers une application à la microscopie thermique, in 38 Nanoscale radiative striations of sol-gel-derived spin-coating films, Scripta Materiala, issue.44, pp.1807-1811, 2001.

D. E. Haas, <title>Effect of solvent evaporation rate on skin formation during spin coating of complex solutions</title>, Sol-Gel Optics V, pp.280-284, 2000.
DOI : 10.1117/12.384348

A. Granier and A. Goullet, Dépôts de Films diélectriques Siliciés par plasma (PECVD), Matériaux, p.4, 2002.

S. Martin, Dépôt de couche mince par décharge luminescente à la pression atmosphérique, 5. 89. Ledren, S., Chap 2 -Etude biblio -Choix des techniques et des matériaux, 2002.

Y. Choi, M. Kim, and S. C. Kwon, Charaterization of chrome layer formed by pulse plating, Surface & Coatings Technology, pp.169-170, 2003.

K. Yin and C. M. Wang, A study on the deposit uniformity of hard chromium plating on the interior of small-diameter tubes, Surface and Coatings Technology, vol.114, issue.2-3, pp.213-223, 1999.
DOI : 10.1016/S0257-8972(99)00046-8

D. Lee and T. Liu, Preparation of TiO2 SOl using TiCl4 as a precursor, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology, vol.25, issue.2, pp.121-126, 2002.
DOI : 10.1023/A:1019960211745

P. Yang, Photoluminescence characteristics of Ti2S3 nanoparticles embedded in sol???gel derived silica xerogel, Optical Materials, vol.23, issue.3-4, pp.513-518, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0925-3467(03)00005-3

W. Que, Sol-Gel derived hard optical coatings via organic / inorganic composites. Composites science and technology-gel synthesis of nanosized anatase from titanyl sulfate, Materials Letters, vol.63, issue.57, pp.347-351, 2002.
DOI : 10.1016/s0266-3538(02)00227-0

N. Visovsky, L. Ukrainczyk, and S. B. , Fabrication of micrometer and nanometer scale structures in silica sol-gel films using electron beam writing methods, Journal of Vacuum Science & Technology B: Microelectronics and Nanometer Structures, vol.20, issue.3, pp.932-935, 2002.
DOI : 10.1116/1.1476095

J. Liquiang, The preparation and characterization of nanoparticle TiO2/Ti films and their photocatalytic activity, Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids, vol.64, issue.4, pp.615-623, 2003.
DOI : 10.1016/S0022-3697(02)00362-1

C. M. Chan, G. Z. Cao, and T. G. Stoebe, Net shape ceramic microcomponents by modified solgel casting, pp.200-204, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s005420000051

A. Huczko, Template-based synthesis of nanomaterials, Applied Physics A: Materials Science & Processing, vol.70, issue.4, pp.365-376, 2000.
DOI : 10.1007/s003390051050

T. Tätte, Transparent and conductive Sb-doped tin oxide SPM tips prepared by sol???gel method, Materials Science and Engineering: C, vol.19, issue.1-2, pp.101-104, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0928-4931(01)00450-7

V. Fakhfouri, S. Jiguet, and J. Brugger, Surface Micromachining of Polyureasilazane Based Ceramic-MEMS. Advances in Science and Technology, pp.1293-1298, 2006.

L. Thiery, Microsondes thermiques sur pointes de fibre optique pour champs proches (SNOM). in GDR Microthermique, 2002.

K. Sreenivas, Investigation of Pt/Ti bilayer metallization on silicon for ferroelectric thin film integration, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.75, issue.1, pp.232-239, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.355889

G. Bernhardt, Performance of Zr and Ti adhesion layers for bonding of platinum metallization to sapphire substrates, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.77, issue.1-2, pp.368-374, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S0925-4005(01)00756-0

J. D. Wrbanek, Development of Thin Film Ceramic Thermocouples for High Temperature Environments, 40th AIAA/ASME/SAE/ASEE Joint Propulsion Conference and Exhibit, p.16, 2004.
DOI : 10.2514/6.2004-3549

L. Scarioni and E. M. Castro, ) couples, Journal of Applied Physics, vol.87, issue.9, p.3, 2000.
DOI : 10.1063/1.373075

L. Thiery and C. Bainier, Thin-film thermocouple micro-machined on the apex of a scanning near-field optical microscope fiber tip, International Interdisciplinary Research Exchange Symposium. 2002. Tokyo, Japan (Poster). Invitation de la Japan Science and Technology Corporation (JST)
URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00100287

S. Gomes, D.C. scanning thermal microscopy: Characterisation and interpretation of the measurement, International Journal of Thermal Sciences, vol.40, issue.11, pp.949-958, 2001.
DOI : 10.1016/S1290-0729(01)01281-9

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/jpa-00206489

F. Chen, Low-frequency ac measurement of the Seebeck coefficient, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.72, issue.11, pp.72-4201, 2001.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1406930

L. J. Forney and G. C. Fralick, Two wire thermocouple: Frequency response in constant flow, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.65, issue.10, pp.65-3252, 1994.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1144559

G. C. Fralick and L. J. Forney, Frequency response of a supported thermocouple wire: Effects of axial conduction, Review of Scientific Instruments, vol.64, issue.11, pp.64-3236, 1993.
DOI : 10.1063/1.1144334

V. Calzona, A new technique to obtain a fast thermocouple sensor for thermal diffusivity measurments in an extended temperature range, Review of Scientific Instruments, issue.12, pp.64-3612, 1993.

A. Majumdar, SCANNING THERMAL MICROSCOPY, Annual Review of Materials Science, vol.29, issue.1, pp.505-585, 1999.
DOI : 10.1146/annurev.matsci.29.1.505

S. Gomes, N. Trannoy, P. Grossel, and D. , DC thermal microscopy: study of the thermal exchange between a probe and a sample, Measurement Science and Technology, vol.10, issue.9, pp.805-811, 1999.
DOI : 10.1088/0957-0233/10/9/307

E. A. Stern, Simple method for focusing x rays using tapered capillaries, Applied Optics, vol.27, issue.24, pp.5135-5139, 1988.
DOI : 10.1364/AO.27.005135

L. Thiery, Temperature profile measurements of near-field optical microsopy fiber tips by means of sub-micronic thermocouple. in Eurotherm Seminar n°57 "Microscale Heat Transfer, Int. J. Therm. Sci, 2000.

B. I. Yakobson and M. A. Paesler, Tip optics for illumination NSOM: extended-zone approach, Ultramicroscopy, vol.57, issue.2-3, pp.204-207, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3991(94)00136-B

L. Novotny and C. Hafner, Light propagation in a cylindrical waveguide with a complex, metallic, dielectric function, Physical Review E, vol.50, issue.5, pp.4094-4106, 1994.
DOI : 10.1103/PhysRevE.50.4094

A. Castiaux, Electromagnetic fields in two-dimensional models of near-field optical microscope tips, Ultramicroscopy, vol.60, issue.1, pp.1-9, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3991(95)00089-J

L. Thiery, Distribution of light density inside metal-coated micrometer-size optical tapers, Optical Engineering, vol.40, issue.6, pp.1010-1015, 2001.
DOI : 10.1117/1.1369597

URL : https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-00284912

D. R. Lide, Handbook of Chemistry and Physics, CRC, 1991.

B. I. Yakobson, Thermal/optical effects in NSOM probes, Ultramicroscopy, vol.61, issue.1-4, pp.179-185, 1995.
DOI : 10.1016/0304-3991(95)00121-2

G. E. Andrews, D. Bradley, and G. F. Hundy, Hot wire anemometer calibration for measurements of small gas velocities, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.15, issue.10, pp.1765-1786, 1972.
DOI : 10.1016/0017-9310(72)90053-1

D. Olivari and M. Carbonaro, Von Karman Institut for Fluid Dynamics, C.V. Annual Lecture series, 1994.

V. T. Morgan, Heat Transfer by Natural Convection from a Horizontal Isothermal Circular Cylinder in Air, Heat Transfer Engineering, vol.28, issue.1, pp.25-33, 1997.
DOI : 10.1002/aic.690180606

L. Thiery, Microsondes thermoélectriques, Techniques de l'Ingénieur R2765. R2765

L. Thiery, Application des microcapteurs thermoélectriques en métrologie opto-thermique et en microscopie photothermique, in 90, p.156, 1994.

F. Lanzetta, Etudes des transferts de chaleur instationnaires au sein d'une machine frigorifique de Stirling, in 90, p.150, 1997.

L. Shi and A. Majumdar, Thermal Transport Mechanisms at Nanoscale Point Contacts, Journal of Heat Transfer, vol.124, issue.2, pp.329-337, 2002.
DOI : 10.1115/1.1447939

D. Briand, Design and fabrication of high-temperature micro-hotplates for drop-coated gas sensors, Sensors and Actuators B: Chemical, vol.68, issue.1-3, pp.223-233, 2000.
DOI : 10.1016/S0925-4005(00)00433-0

D. Briand, Thermal optimization of micro-hotplates that have a silicon island, Journal of Micromechanics and Microengineering, vol.12, issue.6, pp.971-978, 2002.
DOI : 10.1088/0960-1317/12/6/330

L. Thiery, Thermal Contact Calibration between a Thermocouple Probe and a Micro- Hotplate, Journal Heat transfer, 2007.

S. Lefèvre, S. Volz, and P. Chapuis, Nanoscale heat transfer at contact between a hot tip and a substrate, International Journal of Heat and Mass Transfer, vol.49, issue.1-2, pp.251-258, 2006.
DOI : 10.1016/j.ijheatmasstransfer.2005.07.010